diff --git a/silkworm/db/kv/state_reader.cpp b/silkworm/db/kv/state_reader.cpp
index e6831404bf..e3c0d92a20 100644
--- a/silkworm/db/kv/state_reader.cpp
+++ b/silkworm/db/kv/state_reader.cpp
@@ -26,19 +26,14 @@
 
 namespace silkworm::db::kv {
 
-StateReader::StateReader(kv::api::Transaction& tx, std::optional<BlockNum> block_num, std::optional<TxnId> txn_id) : tx_(tx), block_num_(block_num), txn_number_(txn_id) {
-    SILKWORM_ASSERT((txn_id && !block_num) || (!txn_id && block_num));
+StateReader::StateReader(kv::api::Transaction& tx, TxnId txn_id) : tx_(tx), txn_number_(txn_id) {
 }
 
 Task<std::optional<Account>> StateReader::read_account(const evmc::address& address) const {
-    if (!txn_number_) {
-        txn_number_ = co_await tx_.first_txn_num_in_block(*block_num_);
-    }
-
     db::kv::api::GetAsOfQuery query{
         .table = table::kAccountDomain,
         .key = db::account_domain_key(address),
-        .timestamp = static_cast<kv::api::Timestamp>(*txn_number_),
+        .timestamp = static_cast<kv::api::Timestamp>(txn_number_),
     };
     const auto result = co_await tx_.get_as_of(std::move(query));
     if (!result.success) {
@@ -53,14 +48,10 @@ Task<std::optional<Account>> StateReader::read_account(const evmc::address& addr
 Task<evmc::bytes32> StateReader::read_storage(const evmc::address& address,
                                               uint64_t /* incarnation */,
                                               const evmc::bytes32& location_hash) const {
-    if (!txn_number_) {
-        txn_number_ = co_await tx_.first_txn_num_in_block(*block_num_);
-    }
-
     db::kv::api::GetAsOfQuery query{
         .table = table::kStorageDomain,
         .key = db::storage_domain_key(address, location_hash),
-        .timestamp = static_cast<kv::api::Timestamp>(*txn_number_),
+        .timestamp = static_cast<kv::api::Timestamp>(txn_number_),
     };
     const auto result = co_await tx_.get_as_of(std::move(query));
     if (!result.success) {
@@ -73,14 +64,11 @@ Task<std::optional<Bytes>> StateReader::read_code(const evmc::address& address,
     if (code_hash == kEmptyHash) {
         co_return std::nullopt;
     }
-    if (!txn_number_) {
-        txn_number_ = co_await tx_.first_txn_num_in_block(*block_num_);
-    }
 
     db::kv::api::GetAsOfQuery query{
         .table = table::kCodeDomain,
         .key = db::code_domain_key(address),
-        .timestamp = static_cast<kv::api::Timestamp>(*txn_number_),
+        .timestamp = static_cast<kv::api::Timestamp>(txn_number_),
     };
     const auto result = co_await tx_.get_as_of(std::move(query));
     if (!result.success) {
diff --git a/silkworm/db/kv/state_reader.hpp b/silkworm/db/kv/state_reader.hpp
index 184d372100..a2356cf5ae 100644
--- a/silkworm/db/kv/state_reader.hpp
+++ b/silkworm/db/kv/state_reader.hpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace silkworm::db::kv {
 
 class StateReader {
   public:
-    StateReader(kv::api::Transaction& tx, std::optional<BlockNum> block_num, std::optional<TxnId> txn_id = std::nullopt);
+    StateReader(kv::api::Transaction& tx, TxnId txn_id);
 
     StateReader(const StateReader&) = delete;
     StateReader& operator=(const StateReader&) = delete;
@@ -49,8 +49,7 @@ class StateReader {
 
   private:
     kv::api::Transaction& tx_;
-    std::optional<BlockNum> block_num_;
-    mutable std::optional<TxnId> txn_number_;
+    TxnId txn_number_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace silkworm::db::kv
diff --git a/silkworm/execution/remote_state.hpp b/silkworm/execution/remote_state.hpp
index 2b22ec9546..1ff6e8ddc9 100644
--- a/silkworm/execution/remote_state.hpp
+++ b/silkworm/execution/remote_state.hpp
@@ -39,9 +39,8 @@ class AsyncRemoteState {
     explicit AsyncRemoteState(
         db::kv::api::Transaction& tx,
         const db::chain::ChainStorage& storage,
-        std::optional<BlockNum> block_num,
-        std::optional<TxnId> txn_id = std::nullopt)
-        : storage_(storage), state_reader_(tx, block_num ? *block_num + 1 : block_num, txn_id) {}
+        TxnId txn_id)
+        : storage_(storage), state_reader_(tx, txn_id) {}
 
     Task<std::optional<Account>> read_account(const evmc::address& address) const noexcept;
 
@@ -76,8 +75,8 @@ class RemoteState : public State {
         boost::asio::any_io_executor& executor,
         db::kv::api::Transaction& tx,
         const db::chain::ChainStorage& storage,
-        std::optional<BlockNum> block_num, std::optional<TxnId> txn_id = std::nullopt)
-        : executor_(executor), async_state_{tx, storage, block_num, txn_id} {}
+        TxnId txn_id)
+        : executor_(executor), async_state_{tx, storage, txn_id} {}
 
     std::optional<Account> read_account(const evmc::address& address) const noexcept override;
 
diff --git a/silkworm/execution/remote_state_test.cpp b/silkworm/execution/remote_state_test.cpp
index 50ac87ee6d..822ad07338 100644
--- a/silkworm/execution/remote_state_test.cpp
+++ b/silkworm/execution/remote_state_test.cpp
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ TEST_CASE_METHOD(RemoteStateTest, "async remote buffer", "[rpc][core][remote_buf
             .WillRepeatedly(InvokeWithoutArgs([]() -> Task<Bytes> {
                 co_return Bytes{};
             }));
-        const BlockNum block_num = 1'000'000;
-        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, block_num, std::nullopt};
+        const TxnId txn_id = 244087591818874;
+        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, txn_id};
         const auto code_read{spawn_and_wait(state.read_code(address, kEmptyHash))};
         CHECK(code_read.empty());
     }
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ TEST_CASE_METHOD(RemoteStateTest, "async remote buffer", "[rpc][core][remote_buf
             co_return response;
         }));
 
-        const BlockNum block_num = 1'000'000;
-        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, block_num};
+        const TxnId txn_id = 244087591818874;
+        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, txn_id};
         const evmc::bytes32 code_hash{0x04491edcd115127caedbd478e2e7895ed80c7847e903431f94f9cfa579cad47f_bytes32};
         const auto code_read{spawn_and_wait(state.read_code(address, code_hash))};
         CHECK(code_read == ByteView{kCode});
@@ -101,9 +101,6 @@ TEST_CASE_METHOD(RemoteStateTest, "async remote buffer", "[rpc][core][remote_buf
     }
 
     SECTION("read_storage with empty response from db") {
-        EXPECT_CALL(transaction, first_txn_num_in_block(1'000'001)).WillOnce(Invoke([]() -> Task<TxnId> {
-            co_return 0;
-        }));
         EXPECT_CALL(transaction, get_as_of(_)).WillOnce(Invoke([=](Unused) -> Task<db::kv::api::GetAsOfResult> {
             db::kv::api::GetAsOfResult response{
                 .success = true,
@@ -280,8 +277,8 @@ TEST_CASE_METHOD(RemoteStateTest, "async remote buffer", "[rpc][core][remote_buf
                 .value = Bytes{}};
             co_return response;
         }));
-        const BlockNum block_num = 1'000'000;
-        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, block_num};
+        const TxnId txn_id = 244087591818874;
+        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, txn_id};
         const auto account_read{spawn_and_wait(state.read_account(address))};
         CHECK(account_read == std::nullopt);
     }
@@ -296,9 +293,9 @@ TEST_CASE_METHOD(RemoteStateTest, "async remote buffer", "[rpc][core][remote_buf
                 .value = Bytes{}};
             co_return response;
         }));
-        const BlockNum block_num = 1'000'000;
+        const TxnId txn_id = 244087591818874;
+        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, txn_id};
         const evmc::bytes32 code_hash{0x04491edcd115127caedbd478e2e7895ed80c7847e903431f94f9cfa579cad47f_bytes32};
-        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, block_num};
         const auto code_read{spawn_and_wait(state.read_code(address, code_hash))};
         CHECK(code_read.empty());
     }
@@ -313,16 +310,16 @@ TEST_CASE_METHOD(RemoteStateTest, "async remote buffer", "[rpc][core][remote_buf
                 .value = Bytes{}};
             co_return response;
         }));
-        const BlockNum block_num = 1'000'000;
         const evmc::bytes32 location{0x04491edcd115127caedbd478e2e7895ed80c7847e903431f94f9cfa579cad47f_bytes32};
-        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, block_num};
+        const TxnId txn_id = 244087591818874;
+        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, txn_id};
         const auto storage_read{spawn_and_wait(state.read_storage(address, 0, location))};
         CHECK(storage_read == 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000_bytes32);
     }
 
     SECTION("AsyncRemoteState::previous_incarnation returns ok") {
-        const BlockNum block_num = 1'000'000;
-        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, block_num};
+        const TxnId txn_id = 244087591818874;
+        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, txn_id};
         const auto prev_incarnation{spawn_and_wait(state.previous_incarnation(address))};
         CHECK(prev_incarnation == 0);
     }
@@ -335,16 +332,17 @@ TEST_CASE_METHOD(RemoteStateTest, "async remote buffer", "[rpc][core][remote_buf
     }
 
     SECTION("AsyncRemoteState::current_canonical_block returns ok") {
-        const BlockNum block_num = 1'000'000;
-        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, block_num};
+        const TxnId txn_id = 244087591818874;
+        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, txn_id};
         const auto current_canonical_block{spawn_and_wait(state.current_canonical_block())};
         CHECK(current_canonical_block == 0);
     }
 
     SECTION("AsyncRemoteState::total_difficulty with empty response from chain storage") {
+        const TxnId txn_id = 244087591818874;
         const BlockNum block_num = 1'000'000;
+        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, txn_id};
         const Hash block_hash{0x04491edcd115127caedbd478e2e7895ed80c7847e903431f94f9cfa579cad47f_bytes32};
-        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, block_num};
         EXPECT_CALL(chain_storage, read_total_difficulty(block_hash, block_num))
             .WillOnce(Invoke([](Unused, Unused) -> Task<std::optional<intx::uint256>> { co_return std::nullopt; }));
         const auto total_difficulty{spawn_and_wait(state.total_difficulty(block_num, block_hash))};
@@ -352,9 +350,10 @@ TEST_CASE_METHOD(RemoteStateTest, "async remote buffer", "[rpc][core][remote_buf
     }
 
     SECTION("AsyncRemoteState::read_header with empty response from chain storage") {
+        const TxnId txn_id = 244087591818874;
         const BlockNum block_num = 1'000'000;
+        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, txn_id};
         const Hash block_hash{0x04491edcd115127caedbd478e2e7895ed80c7847e903431f94f9cfa579cad47f_bytes32};
-        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, block_num};
         EXPECT_CALL(chain_storage, read_header(block_num, block_hash))
             .WillOnce(Invoke([](Unused, Unused) -> Task<std::optional<BlockHeader>> { co_return std::nullopt; }));
         const auto block_header{spawn_and_wait(state.read_header(block_num, block_hash))};
@@ -362,9 +361,10 @@ TEST_CASE_METHOD(RemoteStateTest, "async remote buffer", "[rpc][core][remote_buf
     }
 
     SECTION("AsyncRemoteState::read_body with empty response from from chain storage") {
-        const BlockNum block_num = 1'000'000;
         const Hash block_hash{0x04491edcd115127caedbd478e2e7895ed80c7847e903431f94f9cfa579cad47f_bytes32};
-        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, block_num};
+        const TxnId txn_id = 244087591818874;
+        const BlockNum block_num = 1'000'000;
+        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, txn_id};
         BlockBody body;
         EXPECT_CALL(chain_storage, read_body(block_hash, block_num, body))
             .WillOnce(Invoke([](Unused, Unused, Unused) -> Task<bool> { co_return true; }));
@@ -378,10 +378,11 @@ TEST_CASE_METHOD(RemoteStateTest, "async remote buffer", "[rpc][core][remote_buf
             .WillRepeatedly(InvokeWithoutArgs([=]() -> Task<Bytes> {
                 co_return Bytes{};
             }));
+        const TxnId txn_id = 244087591818874;
         const BlockNum block_num = 1'000'000;
         EXPECT_CALL(chain_storage, read_canonical_header_hash(block_num))
             .WillOnce(Invoke([](Unused) -> Task<std::optional<Hash>> { co_return std::nullopt; }));
-        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, block_num};
+        AsyncRemoteState state{transaction, chain_storage, txn_id};
         const auto canonical_hash{spawn_and_wait(state.canonical_hash(block_num))};
         CHECK(canonical_hash == std::nullopt);
     }
diff --git a/silkworm/execution/state_factory.cpp b/silkworm/execution/state_factory.cpp
index 61d6eb0fac..1649acb2c6 100644
--- a/silkworm/execution/state_factory.cpp
+++ b/silkworm/execution/state_factory.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<State> StateFactory::create_state(
         auto& local_tx = dynamic_cast<db::kv::api::LocalTransaction&>(tx);
         return std::make_shared<LocalState>(std::nullopt, txn_id, local_tx.data_store());
     } else {  // NOLINT(readability-else-after-return)
-        return std::make_shared<RemoteState>(executor, tx, storage, std::nullopt, txn_id);
+        return std::make_shared<RemoteState>(executor, tx, storage, txn_id);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/silkworm/rpc/commands/eth_api.cpp b/silkworm/rpc/commands/eth_api.cpp
index 7a9a39986c..5cb6ee1199 100644
--- a/silkworm/rpc/commands/eth_api.cpp
+++ b/silkworm/rpc/commands/eth_api.cpp
@@ -918,8 +918,8 @@ Task<void> EthereumRpcApi::handle_eth_estimate_gas(const nlohmann::json& request
             return chain_storage->read_canonical_header(block_num);
         };
 
-        rpc::AccountReader account_reader = [&tx](const evmc::address& address, BlockNum block_num) -> Task<std::optional<Account>> {
-            StateReader state_reader{*tx, block_num + 1};
+        rpc::AccountReader account_reader = [&tx](const evmc::address& address, TxnId txn_id) -> Task<std::optional<Account>> {
+            StateReader state_reader{*tx, txn_id};
             co_return co_await state_reader.read_account(address);
         };
 
@@ -973,7 +973,10 @@ Task<void> EthereumRpcApi::handle_eth_get_balance(const nlohmann::json& request,
         const auto [block_num, is_latest_block] = co_await block_reader.get_block_num(block_num_or_hash);
         tx->set_state_cache_enabled(is_latest_block);
 
-        StateReader state_reader{*tx, block_num + 1};
+        execution::StateFactory state_factory{*tx};
+        const auto txn_id = co_await state_factory.user_txn_id_at(block_num + 1);
+        StateReader state_reader{*tx, txn_id};
+
         std::optional<silkworm::Account> account{co_await state_reader.read_account(address)};
 
         reply = make_json_content(request, "0x" + (account ? intx::hex(account->balance) : "0"));
@@ -1012,7 +1015,10 @@ Task<void> EthereumRpcApi::handle_eth_get_code(const nlohmann::json& request, nl
         const auto [block_num, is_latest_block] = co_await block_reader.get_block_num(block_id, /*latest_required=*/true);
         tx->set_state_cache_enabled(is_latest_block);
 
-        StateReader state_reader{*tx, block_num + 1};
+        execution::StateFactory state_factory{*tx};
+        const auto txn_id = co_await state_factory.user_txn_id_at(block_num + 1);
+
+        StateReader state_reader{*tx, txn_id};
         std::optional<silkworm::Account> account{co_await state_reader.read_account(address)};
 
         if (account) {
@@ -1053,7 +1059,11 @@ Task<void> EthereumRpcApi::handle_eth_get_transaction_count(const nlohmann::json
         const auto [block_num, is_latest_block] = co_await block_reader.get_block_num(block_id, /*latest_required=*/true);
         tx->set_state_cache_enabled(is_latest_block);
 
-        StateReader state_reader{*tx, block_num + 1};
+        execution::StateFactory state_factory{*tx};
+        const auto txn_id = co_await state_factory.user_txn_id_at(block_num + 1);
+
+        StateReader state_reader{*tx, txn_id};
+
         std::optional<silkworm::Account> account{co_await state_reader.read_account(address)};
 
         if (account) {
@@ -1101,7 +1111,10 @@ Task<void> EthereumRpcApi::handle_eth_get_storage_at(const nlohmann::json& reque
         const auto [block_num, is_latest_block] = co_await block_reader.get_block_num(block_id, /*latest_required=*/true);
         tx->set_state_cache_enabled(is_latest_block);
 
-        StateReader state_reader{*tx, block_num + 1};
+        execution::StateFactory state_factory{*tx};
+        const auto txn_id = co_await state_factory.user_txn_id_at(block_num + 1);
+
+        StateReader state_reader{*tx, txn_id};
         std::optional<silkworm::Account> account{co_await state_reader.read_account(address)};
 
         if (account) {
@@ -1317,7 +1330,10 @@ Task<void> EthereumRpcApi::handle_eth_create_access_list(const nlohmann::json& r
         const bool is_latest_block = co_await block_reader.get_latest_executed_block_num() == block_with_hash->block.header.number;
         tx->set_state_cache_enabled(/*cache_enabled=*/is_latest_block);
 
-        StateReader state_reader{*tx, block_with_hash->block.header.number + 1};
+        execution::StateFactory state_factory{*tx};
+        const auto txn_id = co_await state_factory.user_txn_id_at(block_with_hash->block.header.number + 1);
+
+        StateReader state_reader{*tx, txn_id};
 
         std::optional<uint64_t> nonce = std::nullopt;
         evmc::address to{};
@@ -1347,9 +1363,6 @@ Task<void> EthereumRpcApi::handle_eth_create_access_list(const nlohmann::json& r
         auto txn = call.to_transaction(std::nullopt, nonce);
         AccessList saved_access_list = call.access_list;
 
-        execution::StateFactory state_factory{*tx};
-        const auto txn_id = co_await state_factory.user_txn_id_at(block_with_hash->block.header.number + 1);
-
         while (true) {
             const auto execution_result = co_await EVMExecutor::call(
                 chain_config, *chain_storage, workers_, block_with_hash->block, txn, txn_id, [&](auto& io_executor, auto curr_txn_id, auto& storage) {
diff --git a/silkworm/rpc/commands/ots_api.cpp b/silkworm/rpc/commands/ots_api.cpp
index a539695daa..b629b42176 100644
--- a/silkworm/rpc/commands/ots_api.cpp
+++ b/silkworm/rpc/commands/ots_api.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <silkworm/db/kv/state_reader.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/db/kv/txn_num.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/db/tables.hpp>
+#include <silkworm/execution/state_factory.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/infra/common/async_binary_search.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/infra/common/log.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/rpc/core/block_reader.hpp>
@@ -80,7 +81,10 @@ Task<void> OtsRpcApi::handle_ots_has_code(const nlohmann::json& request, nlohman
         tx->set_state_cache_enabled(is_latest_block);
 
         const auto block_num = co_await block_reader.get_block_num(block_id);
-        StateReader state_reader{*tx, block_num + 1};
+        execution::StateFactory state_factory{*tx};
+        const auto txn_id = co_await state_factory.user_txn_id_at(block_num + 1);
+
+        StateReader state_reader{*tx, txn_id};
         std::optional<silkworm::Account> account{co_await state_reader.read_account(address)};
 
         if (account) {
@@ -435,7 +439,10 @@ Task<void> OtsRpcApi::handle_ots_get_contract_creator(const nlohmann::json& requ
         const auto chain_storage = tx->create_storage();
         rpc::BlockReader block_reader{*chain_storage, *tx};
         auto block_num = co_await block_reader.get_latest_block_num();
-        StateReader state_reader{*tx, block_num};
+        execution::StateFactory state_factory{*tx};
+        const auto txn_number = co_await state_factory.user_txn_id_at(block_num);
+
+        StateReader state_reader{*tx, txn_number};
         std::optional<silkworm::Account> account_opt{co_await state_reader.read_account(contract_address)};
         if (!account_opt || account_opt.value().code_hash == kEmptyHash) {
             reply = make_json_content(request, nlohmann::detail::value_t::null);
diff --git a/silkworm/rpc/commands/parity_api.cpp b/silkworm/rpc/commands/parity_api.cpp
index ac734fa893..14f698b69a 100644
--- a/silkworm/rpc/commands/parity_api.cpp
+++ b/silkworm/rpc/commands/parity_api.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <silkworm/db/kv/state_reader.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/db/kv/txn_num.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/db/tables.hpp>
+#include <silkworm/execution/state_factory.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/infra/common/log.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/rpc/common/util.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/rpc/core/block_reader.hpp>
@@ -67,11 +68,14 @@ Task<void> ParityRpcApi::handle_parity_list_storage_keys(const nlohmann::json& r
 
         const auto block_num = co_await block_reader.get_block_num(block_id);
         SILK_DEBUG << "read account with address: " << address << " block number: " << block_num;
-        StateReader state_reader{*tx, block_num};
+
+        execution::StateFactory state_factory{*tx};
+        const auto txn_number = co_await state_factory.user_txn_id_at(block_num);
+
+        StateReader state_reader{*tx, txn_number};
         std::optional<Account> account = co_await state_reader.read_account(address);
         if (!account) throw std::domain_error{"account not found"};
 
-        const auto txn_number = co_await tx->first_txn_num_in_block(block_num);
         auto from = db::code_domain_key(address);
 
         if (offset) {
diff --git a/silkworm/rpc/core/block_reader.cpp b/silkworm/rpc/core/block_reader.cpp
index 15a05573d1..fb09a9b5dc 100644
--- a/silkworm/rpc/core/block_reader.cpp
+++ b/silkworm/rpc/core/block_reader.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <silkworm/core/types/address.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/db/kv/state_reader.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/db/tables.hpp>
+#include <silkworm/execution/state_factory.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/infra/common/ensure.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/infra/common/log.hpp>
 #include <silkworm/rpc/common/util.hpp>
@@ -54,11 +55,14 @@ Task<void> BlockReader::read_balance_changes(BlockCache& cache, const BlockNumOr
 
     SILK_TRACE << "read_balance_changes: block_num: " << block_num;
 
-    StateReader state_reader{transaction_, block_num + 1};
-
     const auto start_txn_number = co_await transaction_.first_txn_num_in_block(block_num);
     const auto end_txn_number = co_await transaction_.first_txn_num_in_block(block_num + 1);
 
+    execution::StateFactory state_factory{transaction_};
+    const auto txn_id = co_await state_factory.user_txn_id_at(block_num + 1);
+
+    StateReader state_reader{transaction_, txn_id};
+
     db::kv::api::HistoryRangeQuery query{
         .table = db::table::kAccountDomain,
         .from_timestamp = static_cast<db::kv::api::Timestamp>(start_txn_number),
diff --git a/silkworm/rpc/core/estimate_gas_oracle.cpp b/silkworm/rpc/core/estimate_gas_oracle.cpp
index 6f399506ba..2edbe618cf 100644
--- a/silkworm/rpc/core/estimate_gas_oracle.cpp
+++ b/silkworm/rpc/core/estimate_gas_oracle.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Task<intx::uint256> EstimateGasOracle::estimate_gas(const Call& call, const silk
     if (gas_price && gas_price != 0) {
         evmc::address from = call.from.value_or(evmc::address{0});
 
-        std::optional<silkworm::Account> account{co_await account_reader_(from, block_num + 1)};
+        std::optional<silkworm::Account> account{co_await account_reader_(from, txn_id)};
 
         intx::uint256 balance = account->balance;
         SILK_DEBUG << "balance for address " << from << ": 0x" << intx::hex(balance);
diff --git a/silkworm/rpc/core/estimate_gas_oracle.hpp b/silkworm/rpc/core/estimate_gas_oracle.hpp
index 9b50ace24e..f77d99dfdd 100644
--- a/silkworm/rpc/core/estimate_gas_oracle.hpp
+++ b/silkworm/rpc/core/estimate_gas_oracle.hpp
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ inline constexpr std::uint64_t kTxGas = 21'000;
 inline constexpr std::uint64_t kGasCap = 50'000'000;
 
 using BlockHeaderProvider = std::function<Task<std::optional<silkworm::BlockHeader>>(uint64_t)>;
-using AccountReader = std::function<Task<std::optional<silkworm::Account>>(const evmc::address&, uint64_t)>;
+using AccountReader = std::function<Task<std::optional<silkworm::Account>>(const evmc::address&, TxnId txn_id)>;
 
 struct EstimateGasException : public std::exception {
   public:
diff --git a/silkworm/rpc/core/evm_executor_test.cpp b/silkworm/rpc/core/evm_executor_test.cpp
index 385864f364..9f23251393 100644
--- a/silkworm/rpc/core/evm_executor_test.cpp
+++ b/silkworm/rpc/core/evm_executor_test.cpp
@@ -111,9 +111,6 @@ TEST_CASE_METHOD(EVMExecutorTest, "EVMExecutor") {
 
     SECTION("failed if transaction cost greater user amount") {
         auto cursor = std::make_shared<silkworm::db::test_util::MockCursor>();
-        EXPECT_CALL(transaction, first_txn_num_in_block(6'000'001)).WillOnce(Invoke([]() -> Task<TxnId> {
-            co_return 244087591818873;
-        }));
         EXPECT_CALL(transaction, get_as_of(_)).WillOnce(Invoke([=](Unused) -> Task<db::kv::api::GetAsOfResult> {
             db::kv::api::GetAsOfResult response{
                 .success = true,
@@ -137,9 +134,6 @@ TEST_CASE_METHOD(EVMExecutorTest, "EVMExecutor") {
 
     SECTION("doesn't fail if transaction cost greater user amount && gasBailout == true") {
         auto cursor = std::make_shared<silkworm::db::test_util::MockCursor>();
-        EXPECT_CALL(transaction, first_txn_num_in_block(6'000'001)).WillOnce(Invoke([]() -> Task<TxnId> {
-            co_return 244087591818873;
-        }));
         EXPECT_CALL(transaction, get_as_of(_)).WillRepeatedly(Invoke([=](Unused) -> Task<db::kv::api::GetAsOfResult> {
             db::kv::api::GetAsOfResult response{
                 .success = true,
@@ -172,9 +166,6 @@ TEST_CASE_METHOD(EVMExecutorTest, "EVMExecutor") {
 
     SECTION("call returns SUCCESS") {
         auto cursor = std::make_shared<silkworm::db::test_util::MockCursor>();
-        EXPECT_CALL(transaction, first_txn_num_in_block(6'000'001)).WillOnce(Invoke([]() -> Task<TxnId> {
-            co_return 244087591818873;
-        }));
         EXPECT_CALL(transaction, get_as_of(_)).WillRepeatedly(Invoke([=](Unused) -> Task<db::kv::api::GetAsOfResult> {
             db::kv::api::GetAsOfResult response{
                 .success = true,