diff --git a/Paper.tex b/Paper.tex index be8b7bce..0c84c062 100644 --- a/Paper.tex +++ b/Paper.tex @@ -411,7 +411,6 @@ \subsubsection{Holistic Validity} H_b &\equiv& \bigvee_{\mathbf{r} \in B_\mathbf{R}} \big( \mathbf{r}_b \big) \end{array} \end{equation} - where $p(k, v)$ is simply the pairwise RLP transformation, in this case, the first being the index of the transaction in the block and the second being the transaction receipt: \begin{equation} p(k, v) \equiv \big( \mathtt{\small RLP}(k), \mathtt{\small RLP}(v) \big) @@ -434,7 +433,7 @@ \subsubsection{Serialisation} \quad L_B(B) & \equiv & \big( L_H(B_H), L_T^*(B_\mathbf{T}), L_H^*(B_\mathbf{U}) \big) \end{eqnarray} -With $L_T^*$ and $L_H^*$ being element-wise sequence transformations, thus: +\hypertarget{general_element_wise_sequence_transformation_f_pow_asterisk}{}With $L_T^*$ and $L_H^*$ being element-wise sequence transformations, thus: \begin{equation} f^*\big( (x_0, x_1, ...) \big) \equiv \big( f(x_0), f(x_1), ... \big) \quad \text{for any function} \; f \end{equation} @@ -474,7 +473,7 @@ \subsubsection{Block Header Validity} \newcommand{\expdiffsymb}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}} \newcommand{\diffadjustment}{x} -The canonical difficulty of a block of header $H$ is defined as $D(H)$: +\hypertarget{block_difficulty_H__d}{}The canonical difficulty of a block of header $H$ is defined as $D(H)$: \begin{equation} D(H) \equiv \begin{dcases} \mindifficulty & \text{if} \quad H_i = 0\\ @@ -504,14 +503,14 @@ \subsubsection{Block Header Validity} Note that $\mindifficulty$ is the difficulty of the genesis block. The \textit{Homestead} difficulty parameter, $\homesteadmod$, is used to affect a dynamic homeostasis of time between blocks, as the time between blocks varies, as discussed below, as implemented in EIP-2 \cite{EIP-2}. In the Homestead release, the exponential difficulty symbol, $\expdiffsymb$ causes the difficulty to slowly increase (every 100,000 blocks) at an exponential rate, and thus increasing the block time difference, and putting time pressure on transitioning to proof-of-stake. This effect, known as the "difficulty bomb", or "ice age", was explained in EIP-649 \cite{EIP-649} and delayed and implemented earlier in EIP-2 \cite{EIP-2}. $\homesteadmod$ was also modified in EIP-100 with the use of $x$, the adjustment factor above, and the demoninator 9, in order to target the mean block time including uncle blocks \cite{EIP-100}. Finally, in the Byzantium release, with EIP-649, the ice age was delayed by creating a fake block number, $H'_i$, which is obtained by substracting three million from the actual block number, which in other words reduced $\expdiffsymb$ and the time difference between blocks, in order to allow more time to develop proof-of-stake and preventing the network from "freezing" up. -The canonical gas limit $H_l$ of a block of header $H$ must fulfil the relation: +\hypertarget{block_gas_limit_H__l}{}The canonical gas limit $H_l$ of a block of header $H$ must fulfil the relation: \begin{eqnarray} & & H_l < {P(H)_H}_l + \left\lfloor\frac{{P(H)_H}_l}{1024}\right\rfloor \quad \wedge \\ & & H_l > {P(H)_H}_l - \left\lfloor\frac{{P(H)_H}_l}{1024}\right\rfloor \quad \wedge \\ & & H_l \geqslant 5000 \end{eqnarray} -$H_s$ is the timestamp of block $H$ and must fulfil the relation: +$H_s$ is the timestamp (in Unix time) of block $H$ at the block's inception, and must fulfil the relation: \begin{equation} H_s > {P(H)_H}_s \end{equation}