Merge 'aslr' into HEAD

Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) allows executables' memory
layout to change at random between runs, and therefore offers a quite
decent protection against many attacks.

We enable ASLR because MSYS2's C compiler offers support for ASLR, and
whatever performance impact it has is neglible, according to
https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2014/02/differences-between-aslr-on-windows-and-linux.html

This merges the part of #612
that does not break Git ;-)

This fixes #608

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>

config.mak.uname

@@ -576,13 +576,21 @@ else
 	ifneq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '1\.'),2)
 		# MSys2
 		prefix = /usr/
+		# Enable DEP
+		BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--nxcompat
+		# Enable ASLR (unless debugging)
+		ifneq (,$(findstring -O,$(CFLAGS)))
+			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--dynamicbase
+		endif
 		ifeq (MINGW32,$(MSYSTEM))
 			prefix = /mingw32
 			HOST_CPU = i686
+			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--pic-executable,-e,_mainCRTStartup
 		endif
 		ifeq (MINGW64,$(MSYSTEM))
 			prefix = /mingw64
 			HOST_CPU = x86_64
+			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--pic-executable,-e,mainCRTStartup
 		else
 			COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D_USE_32BIT_TIME_T
 			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--large-address-aware