diff --git a/python/ql/lib/change-notes/2025-06-04-call-graph-type-annotations.md b/python/ql/lib/change-notes/2025-06-04-call-graph-type-annotations.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2aa17e576326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/ql/lib/change-notes/2025-06-04-call-graph-type-annotations.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+category: minorAnalysis
+---
+* Type annotations such as `foo : Bar` are now treated by the call graph as an indication that `foo` may be an instance of `Bar`.
diff --git a/python/ql/lib/semmle/python/Exprs.qll b/python/ql/lib/semmle/python/Exprs.qll
index accc370481aa..9e00e4f794b3 100644
--- a/python/ql/lib/semmle/python/Exprs.qll
+++ b/python/ql/lib/semmle/python/Exprs.qll
@@ -762,6 +762,17 @@ class Annotation extends Expr {
     or
     this = any(FunctionExpr f).getReturns()
   }
+
+  /** Gets the expression that this annotation annotates. */
+  Expr getAnnotatedExpression() {
+    result = any(AnnAssign a | a.getAnnotation() = this).getTarget()
+    or
+    result = any(Parameter p | p.getAnnotation() = this)
+    or
+    exists(FunctionExpr f |
+      this = f.getReturns() and result = f.getInnerScope().getReturnNode().getNode()
+    )
+  }
 }
 
 /* Expression Contexts */
diff --git a/python/ql/lib/semmle/python/dataflow/new/internal/DataFlowDispatch.qll b/python/ql/lib/semmle/python/dataflow/new/internal/DataFlowDispatch.qll
index 1a38593bce48..781023a9658b 100644
--- a/python/ql/lib/semmle/python/dataflow/new/internal/DataFlowDispatch.qll
+++ b/python/ql/lib/semmle/python/dataflow/new/internal/DataFlowDispatch.qll
@@ -580,6 +580,11 @@ private module TrackClassInstanceInput implements CallGraphConstruction::Simple:
   class State = Class;
 
   predicate start(Node start, Class cls) {
+    exists(Annotation ann |
+      ann = classTracker(cls).asExpr() and
+      start.asExpr() = ann.getAnnotatedExpression()
+    )
+    or
     resolveClassCall(start.(CallCfgNode).asCfgNode(), cls)
     or
     // result of `super().__new__` as used in a `__new__` method implementation