From 0aa26e2b2d553cba49f9988d3aa205ba23f6efdb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Thu, 16 May 2024 14:31:40 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 01/25] logic + test cases

---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod       |  7 ++
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno    | 64 ++++++++++++
 .../gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces_test.gno    | 98 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 169 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod
 create mode 100644 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
 create mode 100644 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces_test.gno

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f9d7824e08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+module gno.land/p/demo/nonces
+
+require (
+	gno.land/p/demo/avl v0.0.0-latest
+	gno.land/p/demo/testutils v0.0.0-latest
+	gno.land/p/demo/ufmt v0.0.0-latest
+)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..48ddc1dd4d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package nonces
+
+import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/avl"
+	"gno.land/p/demo/ufmt"
+)
+
+type NonceManager struct {
+	nonces *avl.Tree
+}
+
+// New creates a new instance of NonceManager
+func New() *NonceManager {
+	return &NonceManager{
+		nonces: avl.NewTree(),
+	}
+}
+
+// SetNonce sets the initial nonce for an address if it hasn't been set before
+func (nm *NonceManager) SetNonce(owner std.Address, nonce uint64) {
+	found := nm.nonces.Has(owner.String())
+	if !found {
+		nm.nonces.Set(owner.String(), nonce)
+	}
+}
+
+// GetNonce returns the next unused nonce for an address
+func (nm *NonceManager) GetNonce(owner std.Address) uint64 {
+	nonce, found := nm.nonces.Get(owner.String())
+	if !found {
+		panic("invalid address")
+	}
+
+	return nonce.(uint64)
+}
+
+// UseNonce consumes a nonce and returns the current value, then increments the nonce
+func (nm *NonceManager) UseNonce(owner std.Address) uint64 {
+	key := owner.String()
+
+	val, found := nm.nonces.Get(key)
+	if !found {
+		panic("invalid address")
+	}
+
+	currentNonce := val.(uint64)
+
+	nm.nonces.Set(key, currentNonce+1)
+
+	return currentNonce
+}
+
+// UseCheckedNonce consumes a nonce if it matches the expected value, otherwise returns an error
+func (nm *NonceManager) UseCheckedNonce(owner std.Address, nonce uint64) error {
+	currentNonce := nm.UseNonce(owner)
+
+	if nonce != currentNonce {
+		return ufmt.Errorf("InvalidAccountNonce: expected %d, got %d for account %s", currentNonce, nonce, owner)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces_test.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces_test.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a4d0830d6ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces_test.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package nonces
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
+	"gno.land/p/demo/ufmt"
+)
+
+// TestNonceManager tests the NonceManager functions
+func TestNonceManager(t *testing.T) {
+	nm := New()
+
+	// Use a dummy address for testing
+	address := testutils.TestAddress("dummy")
+
+	// Initialize the address in the AVL tree
+	nm.SetNonce(address, 0)
+
+	// Test GetNonce method
+	if nonce := nm.GetNonce(address); nonce != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected nonce to be 0, got %d", nonce)
+	}
+
+	// Test UseNonce method
+	if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address); nonce != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be 0, got %d", nonce)
+	}
+
+	if newNonce := nm.GetNonce(address); newNonce != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected new nonce to be 1, got %d", newNonce)
+	}
+
+	// Test UseCheckedNonce method with correct nonce
+	if err := nm.UseCheckedNonce(address, 1); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected no error, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if finalNonce := nm.GetNonce(address); finalNonce != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected final nonce to be 2, got %d", finalNonce)
+	}
+
+	// Test UseCheckedNonce method with incorrect nonce
+	err := nm.UseCheckedNonce(address, 1)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected error, got nil")
+	}
+
+	expectedErr := ufmt.Sprintf("InvalidAccountNonce: expected 2, got 1 for account %s", address)
+	if err.Error() != expectedErr {
+		t.Errorf("expected error message '%s', got '%s'", expectedErr, err.Error())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMultipleAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	nm := New()
+
+	// Use dummy addresses for testing
+	address1 := testutils.TestAddress("bob")
+	address2 := testutils.TestAddress("alice")
+
+	// Initialize the addresses in the AVL tree
+	nm.SetNonce(address1, 0)
+	nm.SetNonce(address2, 0)
+
+	// Test UseNonce with multiple addresses
+	if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address1); nonce != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be 0 for address1, got %d", nonce)
+	}
+
+	if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address2); nonce != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be 0 for address2, got %d", nonce)
+	}
+
+	if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address1); nonce != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be 1 for address1, got %d", nonce)
+	}
+
+	if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address2); nonce != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be 1 for address2, got %d", nonce)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConcurrentUse(t *testing.T) {
+	nm := New()
+	address := testutils.TestAddress("dummy")
+
+	// Initialize the address in the AVL tree
+	nm.SetNonce(address, 0)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address); nonce != uint64(i) {
+			t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be %d, got %d", i, nonce)
+		}
+	}
+}

From 412249758f7afaaafcce16da9d7e3e5f7acc0b69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Thu, 16 May 2024 14:41:59 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 02/25] add new line

---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod
index 9f9d7824e08..84ff6af9382 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ require (
 	gno.land/p/demo/avl v0.0.0-latest
 	gno.land/p/demo/testutils v0.0.0-latest
 	gno.land/p/demo/ufmt v0.0.0-latest
-)
\ No newline at end of file
+)

From 9f4a0651f3f7585387ebfba433956e6a54ae7da2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sunspirit99 <167175638+linhpn99@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 23 May 2024 09:06:43 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 03/25] Update examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno

Co-authored-by: Manfred Touron <94029+moul@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
index 48ddc1dd4d1..e2ec31c0648 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nonces
+package nonce
 
 import (
 	"std"

From a808269cbbf8138eb4f7c88e3554cf1fcb9d9ca6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sunspirit99 <167175638+linhpn99@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 23 May 2024 09:06:49 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 04/25] Update examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno

Co-authored-by: Manfred Touron <94029+moul@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
index e2ec31c0648..45723e44be6 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func (nm *NonceManager) GetNonce(owner std.Address) uint64 {
 }
 
 // UseNonce consumes a nonce and returns the current value, then increments the nonce
-func (nm *NonceManager) UseNonce(owner std.Address) uint64 {
+func (nm *NonceManager) UseNonce(addr std.Address) uint64 {
 	key := owner.String()
 
 	val, found := nm.nonces.Get(key)

From 1e120b3a5d67df89d366f23d2ee5af55aa0a338a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sunspirit99 <167175638+linhpn99@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 23 May 2024 09:06:54 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 05/25] Update examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno

Co-authored-by: Manfred Touron <94029+moul@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
index 45723e44be6..5d74dc54638 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func New() *NonceManager {
 }
 
 // SetNonce sets the initial nonce for an address if it hasn't been set before
-func (nm *NonceManager) SetNonce(owner std.Address, nonce uint64) {
+func (nm *NonceManager) SetNonce(addr std.Address, nonce uint64) {
 	found := nm.nonces.Has(owner.String())
 	if !found {
 		nm.nonces.Set(owner.String(), nonce)

From 9c871cea477cc18a5d7ead520261de7d36d122bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sunspirit99 <167175638+linhpn99@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 23 May 2024 09:07:03 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 06/25] Update examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod

Co-authored-by: Manfred Touron <94029+moul@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod
index 84ff6af9382..36c71058f84 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-module gno.land/p/demo/nonces
+module gno.land/p/demo/nonce
 
 require (
 	gno.land/p/demo/avl v0.0.0-latest

From 5aa74b5f8029c38f74a56f9fc1f424977040eb4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sunspirit99 <167175638+linhpn99@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 23 May 2024 09:07:10 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 07/25] Update examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno

Co-authored-by: Manfred Touron <94029+moul@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
index 5d74dc54638..e239b5427f8 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"gno.land/p/demo/ufmt"
 )
 
-type NonceManager struct {
+type Manager struct {
 	nonces *avl.Tree
 }
 

From 12f5fea460d7324bf426718cea016ca970089762 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Thu, 23 May 2024 09:38:59 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 08/25] refactored code after reviewing of Moul

---
 .../gno.land/p/demo/{nonces => nonce}/gno.mod |  0
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno      | 46 +++++++++++++
 .../nonces_test.gno => nonce/nonce_test.gno}  | 50 ++++-----------
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno    | 64 -------------------
 4 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 101 deletions(-)
 rename examples/gno.land/p/demo/{nonces => nonce}/gno.mod (100%)
 create mode 100644 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno
 rename examples/gno.land/p/demo/{nonces/nonces_test.gno => nonce/nonce_test.gno} (51%)
 delete mode 100644 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
similarity index 100%
rename from examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/gno.mod
rename to examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b5451fa30ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package nonce
+
+import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/avl"
+	"gno.land/p/demo/ufmt"
+)
+
+type Manager struct {
+	nonces *avl.Tree
+}
+
+// New creates a new instance of NonceManager
+func New() *Manager {
+	return &Manager{
+		nonces: avl.NewTree(),
+	}
+}
+
+// GetNonce returns the next unused nonce for an address
+func (m *Manager) GetNonce(addr std.Address) uint64 {
+	key := addr.String()
+
+	nonce, found := m.nonces.Get(key)
+	if !found {
+		m.nonces.Set(key, 0)
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	return nonce.(uint64)
+}
+
+// UseNonce consumes a nonce and returns the current value, then increments the nonce
+func (m *Manager) UseNonce(addr std.Address) {
+	key := addr.String()
+
+	var currentNonce uint64 = 0
+
+	val, found := m.nonces.Get(key)
+	if found {
+		currentNonce = val.(uint64)
+	}
+
+	m.nonces.Set(key, currentNonce+1)
+}
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces_test.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
similarity index 51%
rename from examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces_test.gno
rename to examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
index a4d0830d6ef..f5b6ddd5fce 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces_test.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nonces
+package nonce
 
 import (
 	"testing"
@@ -7,49 +7,28 @@ import (
 	"gno.land/p/demo/ufmt"
 )
 
-// TestNonceManager tests the NonceManager functions
+// TestNonceManager tests the Manager functions
 func TestNonceManager(t *testing.T) {
 	nm := New()
 
 	// Use a dummy address for testing
 	address := testutils.TestAddress("dummy")
 
-	// Initialize the address in the AVL tree
-	nm.SetNonce(address, 0)
-
 	// Test GetNonce method
 	if nonce := nm.GetNonce(address); nonce != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("expected nonce to be 0, got %d", nonce)
 	}
 
 	// Test UseNonce method
-	if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address); nonce != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be 0, got %d", nonce)
-	}
-
+	nm.UseNonce(address)
 	if newNonce := nm.GetNonce(address); newNonce != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected new nonce to be 1, got %d", newNonce)
 	}
 
-	// Test UseCheckedNonce method with correct nonce
-	if err := nm.UseCheckedNonce(address, 1); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("expected no error, got %v", err)
-	}
-
+	nm.UseNonce(address)
 	if finalNonce := nm.GetNonce(address); finalNonce != 2 {
 		t.Errorf("expected final nonce to be 2, got %d", finalNonce)
 	}
-
-	// Test UseCheckedNonce method with incorrect nonce
-	err := nm.UseCheckedNonce(address, 1)
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Errorf("expected error, got nil")
-	}
-
-	expectedErr := ufmt.Sprintf("InvalidAccountNonce: expected 2, got 1 for account %s", address)
-	if err.Error() != expectedErr {
-		t.Errorf("expected error message '%s', got '%s'", expectedErr, err.Error())
-	}
 }
 
 func TestMultipleAddresses(t *testing.T) {
@@ -59,23 +38,22 @@ func TestMultipleAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 	address1 := testutils.TestAddress("bob")
 	address2 := testutils.TestAddress("alice")
 
-	// Initialize the addresses in the AVL tree
-	nm.SetNonce(address1, 0)
-	nm.SetNonce(address2, 0)
-
 	// Test UseNonce with multiple addresses
-	if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address1); nonce != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be 0 for address1, got %d", nonce)
+
+	if nonce := nm.GetNonce(address1); nonce != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected final nonce to be 0, got %d", finalNonce)
 	}
 
-	if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address2); nonce != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be 0 for address2, got %d", nonce)
+	if nonce := nm.GetNonce(address1); nonce != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected final nonce to be 0, got %d", finalNonce)
 	}
 
+	nm.UseNonce(address1)
 	if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address1); nonce != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be 1 for address1, got %d", nonce)
 	}
 
+	nm.UseNonce(address2)
 	if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address2); nonce != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be 1 for address2, got %d", nonce)
 	}
@@ -85,13 +63,11 @@ func TestConcurrentUse(t *testing.T) {
 	nm := New()
 	address := testutils.TestAddress("dummy")
 
-	// Initialize the address in the AVL tree
-	nm.SetNonce(address, 0)
-
 	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
 		t.Parallel()
 
-		if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address); nonce != uint64(i) {
+		nm.UseNonce(address)
+		if nonce := nm.GetNonce(address); nonce != uint64(i) {
 			t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be %d, got %d", i, nonce)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
deleted file mode 100644
index e239b5427f8..00000000000
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonces/nonces.gno
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-package nonce
-
-import (
-	"std"
-
-	"gno.land/p/demo/avl"
-	"gno.land/p/demo/ufmt"
-)
-
-type Manager struct {
-	nonces *avl.Tree
-}
-
-// New creates a new instance of NonceManager
-func New() *NonceManager {
-	return &NonceManager{
-		nonces: avl.NewTree(),
-	}
-}
-
-// SetNonce sets the initial nonce for an address if it hasn't been set before
-func (nm *NonceManager) SetNonce(addr std.Address, nonce uint64) {
-	found := nm.nonces.Has(owner.String())
-	if !found {
-		nm.nonces.Set(owner.String(), nonce)
-	}
-}
-
-// GetNonce returns the next unused nonce for an address
-func (nm *NonceManager) GetNonce(owner std.Address) uint64 {
-	nonce, found := nm.nonces.Get(owner.String())
-	if !found {
-		panic("invalid address")
-	}
-
-	return nonce.(uint64)
-}
-
-// UseNonce consumes a nonce and returns the current value, then increments the nonce
-func (nm *NonceManager) UseNonce(addr std.Address) uint64 {
-	key := owner.String()
-
-	val, found := nm.nonces.Get(key)
-	if !found {
-		panic("invalid address")
-	}
-
-	currentNonce := val.(uint64)
-
-	nm.nonces.Set(key, currentNonce+1)
-
-	return currentNonce
-}
-
-// UseCheckedNonce consumes a nonce if it matches the expected value, otherwise returns an error
-func (nm *NonceManager) UseCheckedNonce(owner std.Address, nonce uint64) error {
-	currentNonce := nm.UseNonce(owner)
-
-	if nonce != currentNonce {
-		return ufmt.Errorf("InvalidAccountNonce: expected %d, got %d for account %s", currentNonce, nonce, owner)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}

From 386f78e9277a8d6b7ce4bdb84440c08690860f95 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Thu, 23 May 2024 10:29:38 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 09/25] remove new line

---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod   | 2 +-
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
index 36c71058f84..9a6a962d206 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ require (
 	gno.land/p/demo/avl v0.0.0-latest
 	gno.land/p/demo/testutils v0.0.0-latest
 	gno.land/p/demo/ufmt v0.0.0-latest
-)
+)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno
index b5451fa30ff..6ebac7eeaba 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ type Manager struct {
 	nonces *avl.Tree
 }
 
-// New creates a new instance of NonceManager
+// New creates a new instance of Manager
 func New() *Manager {
 	return &Manager{
 		nonces: avl.NewTree(),

From fe78475fb8dabf6a677fd40d92999fc07639aec5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Thu, 23 May 2024 10:31:00 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 10/25] remove ufmt

---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod        | 1 -
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno      | 1 -
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno | 1 -
 3 files changed, 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
index 9a6a962d206..4f981796243 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
@@ -3,5 +3,4 @@ module gno.land/p/demo/nonce
 require (
 	gno.land/p/demo/avl v0.0.0-latest
 	gno.land/p/demo/testutils v0.0.0-latest
-	gno.land/p/demo/ufmt v0.0.0-latest
 )
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno
index 6ebac7eeaba..a0a6b8c6231 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"std"
 
 	"gno.land/p/demo/avl"
-	"gno.land/p/demo/ufmt"
 )
 
 type Manager struct {
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
index f5b6ddd5fce..fde209f4176 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
-	"gno.land/p/demo/ufmt"
 )
 
 // TestNonceManager tests the Manager functions

From 4b1bbaf8376b7cb7f63e76d1cccd077bdb286c3a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Thu, 23 May 2024 10:35:36 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 11/25] remove require

---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
index fde209f4176..23089042060 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ func TestMultipleAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test UseNonce with multiple addresses
 
 	if nonce := nm.GetNonce(address1); nonce != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("expected final nonce to be 0, got %d", finalNonce)
+		t.Errorf("expected final nonce to be 0, got %d", nonce)
 	}
 
 	if nonce := nm.GetNonce(address1); nonce != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("expected final nonce to be 0, got %d", finalNonce)
+		t.Errorf("expected final nonce to be 0, got %d", nonce)
 	}
 
 	nm.UseNonce(address1)

From 944e652f4821f1ce81421259ebb5fce5f2058c11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Thu, 23 May 2024 10:38:26 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 12/25] remove require

---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod | 7 +------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
index 4f981796243..1ce91b497fd 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
@@ -1,6 +1 @@
-module gno.land/p/demo/nonce
-
-require (
-	gno.land/p/demo/avl v0.0.0-latest
-	gno.land/p/demo/testutils v0.0.0-latest
-)
\ No newline at end of file
+module gno.land/p/demo/nonce
\ No newline at end of file

From 593376bcdee1f99abbaf9be94d3d2fd986880573 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Thu, 23 May 2024 10:41:54 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 13/25] update

---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
index 23089042060..3e7319d59a2 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ func TestMultipleAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	nm.UseNonce(address1)
-	if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address1); nonce != 1 {
+	if nonce := nm.GetNonce(address1); nonce != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be 1 for address1, got %d", nonce)
 	}
 
 	nm.UseNonce(address2)
-	if nonce := nm.UseNonce(address2); nonce != 1 {
+	if nonce := nm.GetNonce(address2); nonce != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be 1 for address2, got %d", nonce)
 	}
 }

From 8b03000aba31a76cd9ea1fa4bd171833a45d982b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Thu, 23 May 2024 16:22:38 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 14/25] wrong type

---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno      | 2 +-
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno
index a0a6b8c6231..f55843387ce 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce.gno
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func (m *Manager) GetNonce(addr std.Address) uint64 {
 
 	nonce, found := m.nonces.Get(key)
 	if !found {
-		m.nonces.Set(key, 0)
+		m.nonces.Set(key, uint64(0))
 		return 0
 	}
 
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
index 3e7319d59a2..d7948ed6d31 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/nonce_test.gno
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func TestMultipleAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected final nonce to be 0, got %d", nonce)
 	}
 
-	if nonce := nm.GetNonce(address1); nonce != 0 {
+	if nonce := nm.GetNonce(address2); nonce != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("expected final nonce to be 0, got %d", nonce)
 	}
 
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ func TestConcurrentUse(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 
 		nm.UseNonce(address)
-		if nonce := nm.GetNonce(address); nonce != uint64(i) {
-			t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be %d, got %d", i, nonce)
+		if nonce := nm.GetNonce(address); nonce != uint64(i+1) {
+			t.Errorf("expected used nonce to be %d, got %d", i+1, nonce)
 		}
 	}
 }

From 84cf5cb42410ba2ec48fc93e10d9a53afa2daf1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Thu, 23 May 2024 17:24:26 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 15/25] add new line

---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
index 1ce91b497fd..c9466847743 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
@@ -1 +1 @@
-module gno.land/p/demo/nonce
\ No newline at end of file
+module gno.land/p/demo/nonce

From aceb6a22f6e9a30f62861c2009bab02e812f7662 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Sun, 26 May 2024 20:26:43 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 16/25] add new line

---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
index c9466847743..15e62db5e36 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
 module gno.land/p/demo/nonce
+
+require gno.land/p/demo/avl v0.0.0-latest

From b9355b5c74efb618ab8ee5c732b844ddb8294dd1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Sun, 26 May 2024 20:31:16 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 17/25] add import

---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
index 15e62db5e36..9219f6e9967 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 module gno.land/p/demo/nonce
 
-require gno.land/p/demo/avl v0.0.0-latest
+require (
+	gno.land/p/demo/avl v0.0.0-latest
+	gno.land/p/demo/testutils v0.0.0-latest
+)
+

From e39e79d9a6b47741c3c573e9e92e164378a9b3c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Sun, 26 May 2024 20:35:04 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 18/25] make tidy

---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
index 9219f6e9967..7d560e622ce 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/nonce/gno.mod
@@ -4,4 +4,3 @@ require (
 	gno.land/p/demo/avl v0.0.0-latest
 	gno.land/p/demo/testutils v0.0.0-latest
 )
-

From b6a8cf572dac270ee477ca5e80ba01f5ad2682bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Tue, 28 May 2024 15:50:27 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 19/25] draft

---
 examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod       |   6 +
 .../gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting.gno  | 150 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno      | 137 ++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 293 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod
 create mode 100644 examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting.gno
 create mode 100644 examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d2799fd4d94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+module gno.land/r/demo/voting
+
+require (
+	gno.land/p/demo/bitmap v0.0.0-latest
+	gno.land/p/demo/nonces v0.0.0-latest
+)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b3adedbe286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package voting
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/avl"
+	"gno.land/p/demo/bitmap"
+	"gno.land/p/demo/nonce"
+	"gno.land/p/demo/seqid"
+)
+
+// Proposal represents a voting proposal with associated metadata and voting state
+type Proposal struct {
+	owner           std.Address    // Owner is the address of the user who created the proposal
+	title           string         // Title is the name or description of the proposal
+	votes           uint64         // Votes is the total number of votes the proposal has received
+	voters          *bitmap.Bitmap // Voters is a bitmap tracking whether users have voted
+	userVoteCount   *nonce.Manager // UserVoteCount maps user addresses to the number of votes they have cast
+	maxVotesPerUser uint64         // MaxVotesPerUser is the maximum number of votes a single user can cast
+	isClosed        bool           // IsClosed indicates whether the proposal is closed for voting
+}
+
+var (
+	voterIndex    seqid.ID // Sequential ID generator for voters
+	proposalIndex seqid.ID // Sequential ID generator for proposals
+
+	proposals        *avl.Tree // AVL tree to store proposals
+	registeredVoters *avl.Tree // AVL tree to store registered voters
+)
+
+// init function initializes the voter and proposal indices and AVL trees
+func Init() {
+	voterIndex = 0
+	proposalIndex = 0
+
+	proposals = avl.NewTree()
+	registeredVoters = avl.NewTree()
+}
+
+// CreateProposal creates a new proposal with the given title, number of participants, and max votes per user
+func CreateProposal(title string, numParticipants uint64, maxVotesPerUser uint64) string {
+	proposal := &Proposal{
+		owner:           std.PrevRealm().Addr(),
+		title:           title,
+		votes:           0,
+		voters:          bitmap.New(numParticipants),
+		userVoteCount:   nonce.New(),
+		maxVotesPerUser: maxVotesPerUser,
+		isClosed:        false,
+	}
+
+	// Get the next proposal ID
+	proposalID := proposalIndex.Next()
+
+	// Store the proposal in the AVL tree
+	proposals.Set(proposalID.String(), proposal)
+
+	// Return the proposal ID as a string
+	return proposalID.String()
+}
+
+// RegisterVoter registers a new voter and returns a voter ID
+func RegisterVoter() string {
+	// Get the caller's address
+	caller := std.PrevRealm().Addr()
+
+	// Check if the address is already registered
+	if voter, exists := registeredVoters.Get(caller.String()); exists {
+		voterId := voter.(string)
+		// Return the existing voter ID
+		return voterId
+	}
+
+	// Get the next voter ID
+	voterID := voterIndex.Next()
+
+	// Store the voter in the AVL tree
+	registeredVoters.Set(caller.String(), voterID.String())
+
+	// Return the new voter ID
+	return voterID.String()
+}
+
+// Vote casts a vote for a proposal identified by proposalID and voterID
+func Vote(proposalID, voterID string) error {
+	// Get the caller's address
+	caller := std.PrevRealm().Addr()
+
+	var voter seqid.ID
+	var exists bool
+
+	// Check if the voter is registered
+	if voter, exists := registeredVoters.Get(caller.String()); exists {
+		if voter.(string) != voterID {
+			// Voter ID does not match
+			return errors.New("invalid voterID")
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Voter is not registered
+		return errors.New("must register as voter first")
+	}
+
+	// Get the proposal
+	proposal, exists := proposals.Get(proposalID)
+	if !exists {
+		// Proposal does not exist
+		return errors.New("proposal not found")
+	}
+
+	prop := proposal.(*Proposal)
+
+	if prop.isClosed {
+		// Proposal is closed for voting
+		return errors.New("proposal is closed")
+	}
+
+	// Get the current vote count for the caller
+	currentNonce := prop.userVoteCount.GetNonce(caller)
+	// Validate nonce
+	if currentNonce >= prop.maxVotesPerUser {
+		// User has reached the vote limit
+		return errors.New("reach limit vote per user")
+	}
+
+	// Mark the voter as having voted and increment vote count
+	prop.voters.MustSet(uint64(voter))
+
+	prop.votes++
+
+	// Increment the user's vote count
+	prop.userVoteCount.UseNonce(caller)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetVotes returns the current vote count for a proposal identified by proposalID
+func GetVotes(proposalID string) (uint64, error) {
+	// Get the proposal
+	proposal, exists := proposals.Get(proposalID)
+	if !exists {
+		// Proposal does not exist
+		return 0, errors.New("proposal not found")
+	}
+
+	prop := proposal.(*Proposal)
+
+	// Return the vote count
+	return prop.votes, nil
+}
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5515459f7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+package voting
+
+import (
+	"std"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/bitmap"
+	"gno.land/p/demo/nonce"
+	"gno.land/p/demo/seqid"
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
+)
+
+// TestCreateProposal tests the creation of a proposal
+func TestCreateProposal(t *testing.T) {
+	Init()
+
+	title := "Test Proposal"
+	numParticipants := uint64(100)
+	maxVotesPerUser := uint64(5)
+
+	proposalID := CreateProposal(title, numParticipants, maxVotesPerUser)
+
+	if proposalID == "" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected proposalID, got empty string")
+	}
+
+	proposal, exists := proposals.Get(proposalID)
+	if !exists {
+		t.Errorf("Proposal not found")
+	}
+
+	prop := proposal.(*Proposal)
+	if prop.title != title {
+		t.Errorf("Expected title %s, got %s", title, prop.title)
+	}
+
+	if prop.maxVotesPerUser != maxVotesPerUser {
+		t.Errorf("Expected maxVotesPerUser %d, got %d", maxVotesPerUser, prop.maxVotesPerUser)
+	}
+
+	// if prop.voters.Size() != numParticipants {
+	// 	t.Errorf("Expected total voters %d, got %d", numParticipants, prop.voters.Size())
+	// }
+
+	if uint64(proposalIndex) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected proposalIndex %d, got %d", 1, uint64(proposalIndex))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRegisterVoter tests voter registration
+func TestRegisterVoter(t *testing.T) {
+	Init()
+
+	address := testutils.TestAddress("dummy")
+	std.TestSetPrevAddr(address)
+
+	voterID := RegisterVoter()
+	if voterID == "" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected voterID, got empty string")
+	}
+
+	voter, exists := registeredVoters.Get(address.String())
+	if !exists {
+		t.Errorf("Voter not found")
+	}
+
+	if voter.(string) != voterID {
+		t.Errorf("Expected voterID %s, got %s", voterID, voter.(string))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestVote tests voting on a proposal
+func TestVote(t *testing.T) {
+	Init()
+
+	title := "Test Proposal"
+	numParticipants := uint64(100)
+	maxVotesPerUser := uint64(5)
+
+	owner := testutils.TestAddress("owner")
+	std.TestSetPrevAddr(owner)
+
+	proposalID := CreateProposal(title, numParticipants, maxVotesPerUser)
+
+	voter := testutils.TestAddress("voter")
+	std.TestSetPrevAddr(voter)
+
+	voterID := RegisterVoter()
+
+	err := Vote(proposalID, voterID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Vote failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	votes, err := GetVotes(proposalID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("GetVotes failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if votes != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 1 vote, got %d", votes)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestVoteLimit tests voting limit per user
+func TestVoteLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	Init()
+
+	title := "Test Proposal"
+	numParticipants := uint64(100)
+	maxVotesPerUser := uint64(2)
+
+	owner := testutils.TestAddress("owner")
+	std.TestSetPrevAddr(owner)
+
+	proposalID := CreateProposal(title, numParticipants, maxVotesPerUser)
+
+	voter := testutils.TestAddress("voter")
+
+	std.TestSetPrevAddr(voter)
+
+	voterID := RegisterVoter()
+
+	err := Vote(proposalID, voterID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Vote failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = Vote(proposalID, voterID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Vote failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = Vote(proposalID, voterID)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected vote limit error, got nil")
+	}
+}

From 0874ae3ebb5039df57946b3242ef1b48a5bb2f2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Tue, 28 May 2024 15:56:07 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 20/25] make tidy

---
 examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod | 7 +++++--
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod
index d2799fd4d94..128adc7f5fa 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 module gno.land/r/demo/voting
 
 require (
+	gno.land/p/demo/avl v0.0.0-latest
 	gno.land/p/demo/bitmap v0.0.0-latest
-	gno.land/p/demo/nonces v0.0.0-latest
-)
\ No newline at end of file
+	gno.land/p/demo/nonce v0.0.0-latest
+	gno.land/p/demo/seqid v0.0.0-latest
+	gno.land/p/demo/testutils v0.0.0-latest
+)

From 6c5fc07f67673975311914b9c8ee8d895b47a04b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Tue, 28 May 2024 16:03:05 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 21/25] remove useless code

---
 examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno | 3 ---
 1 file changed, 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno
index a5515459f7f..75e177b28ec 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"std"
 	"testing"
 
-	"gno.land/p/demo/bitmap"
-	"gno.land/p/demo/nonce"
-	"gno.land/p/demo/seqid"
 	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 )
 

From 28f74c9224cc4aad4b57f8c0fdf14d84fd709155 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Tue, 28 May 2024 16:11:07 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 22/25] undefined packages

---
 examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod | 7 -------
 1 file changed, 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod
index 128adc7f5fa..8b9f3ea6325 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod
@@ -1,9 +1,2 @@
 module gno.land/r/demo/voting
 
-require (
-	gno.land/p/demo/avl v0.0.0-latest
-	gno.land/p/demo/bitmap v0.0.0-latest
-	gno.land/p/demo/nonce v0.0.0-latest
-	gno.land/p/demo/seqid v0.0.0-latest
-	gno.land/p/demo/testutils v0.0.0-latest
-)

From 135d365f200012d53398e264aebeb547071a4d69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Tue, 28 May 2024 16:15:32 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 23/25] add bitmap

---
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/bitmap.gno    | 58 +++++++++++
 .../gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/bitmap_test.gno    | 96 +++++++++++++++++++
 examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/gno.mod       |  3 +
 examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod       |  7 ++
 4 files changed, 164 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/bitmap.gno
 create mode 100644 examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/bitmap_test.gno
 create mode 100644 examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/gno.mod

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/bitmap.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/bitmap.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a351d8c5e54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/bitmap.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package bitmap
+
+import (
+	"gno.land/p/demo/ufmt"
+)
+
+// A simple implementation of Bitmap
+
+// Bitmap represents a bitmap using a slice of bytes
+type Bitmap struct {
+	data []byte
+}
+
+// NewBitmap creates a new Bitmap with a specific size (in bits)
+func New(size uint64) *Bitmap {
+	byteSize := (size + 7) / 8 // Calculate the number of bytes needed
+	return &Bitmap{
+		data: make([]byte, byteSize),
+	}
+}
+
+// MustSet sets the bit at the given index (0-based) and returns an error if out of bounds
+func (b *Bitmap) Set(index uint64) error {
+	if index >= uint64(len(b.data))*8 {
+		return ufmt.Errorf("Index out of bounds")
+	}
+
+	byteIndex := index / 8
+	bitIndex := index % 8
+
+	b.data[byteIndex] |= 1 << uint(bitIndex) // Set the corresponding bit using bitwise OR
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Set sets the bit at the given index (0-based)
+func (b *Bitmap) MustSet(index uint64) {
+	if index >= uint64(len(b.data))*8 {
+		panic("Index out of bounds")
+	}
+
+	byteIndex := index / 8
+	bitIndex := index % 8
+
+	b.data[byteIndex] |= 1 << uint(bitIndex) // Set the corresponding bit using bitwise OR
+}
+
+// Get checks if the bit at the given index is set
+func (b *Bitmap) Get(index uint64) bool {
+	if index >= uint64(len(b.data))*8 {
+		panic("Index out of bounds")
+	}
+
+	byteIndex := index / 8
+	bitIndex := index % 8
+
+	return b.data[byteIndex]&(1<<uint(bitIndex)) > 0 // Check if the corresponding bit is set using bitwise AND
+}
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/bitmap_test.gno b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/bitmap_test.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..78641f6e02c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/bitmap_test.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package bitmap
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestBitmap_New(t *testing.T) {
+	size := uint64(16)
+	bm := New(size)
+
+	if len(bm.data)*8 != int(size) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected bitmap size: %d, got: %d", size, len(bm.data)*8)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBitmap_SetAndGet(t *testing.T) {
+	bm := New(16)
+
+	// Test setting and getting bits within bounds
+	err := bm.Set(2)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected no error, got: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !bm.Get(2) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected bit at index 2 to be set")
+	}
+
+	err = bm.Set(15)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected no error, got: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !bm.Get(15) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected bit at index 15 to be set")
+	}
+
+	// Test setting and getting bits out of bounds
+	err = bm.Set(16)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected error, got: nil")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBitmap_MustSet(t *testing.T) {
+	bm := New(16)
+
+	// Test setting bits within bounds
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected no panic, but got panic: %v", r)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	bm.MustSet(2)
+	if !bm.Get(2) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected bit at index 2 to be set")
+	}
+
+	bm.MustSet(15)
+	if !bm.Get(15) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected bit at index 15 to be set")
+	}
+
+	// Test setting bits out of bounds
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected panic, but no panic occurred")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	bm.MustSet(16 * 8)
+}
+
+func TestBitmap_Get(t *testing.T) {
+	bm := New(16)
+
+	// Test getting bits within bounds
+	bm.MustSet(2)
+	if !bm.Get(2) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected bit at index 2 to be set")
+	}
+
+	if bm.Get(3) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected bit at index 3 to be unset")
+	}
+
+	// Test getting bits out of bounds
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected panic, but no panic occurred")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	bm.Get(16 * 8)
+}
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/gno.mod
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..57cb384bee6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/gno.land/p/demo/bitmap/gno.mod
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module gno.land/p/demo/bitmap
+
+require gno.land/p/demo/ufmt v0.0.0-latest
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod
index 8b9f3ea6325..128adc7f5fa 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/gno.mod
@@ -1,2 +1,9 @@
 module gno.land/r/demo/voting
 
+require (
+	gno.land/p/demo/avl v0.0.0-latest
+	gno.land/p/demo/bitmap v0.0.0-latest
+	gno.land/p/demo/nonce v0.0.0-latest
+	gno.land/p/demo/seqid v0.0.0-latest
+	gno.land/p/demo/testutils v0.0.0-latest
+)

From ddb5a9ef039d0f425cfdcf6cb8568ef304cd9d85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Tue, 28 May 2024 17:24:51 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 24/25] add GetOwner

---
 .../gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting.gno  | 41 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno      | 13 ++++--
 2 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting.gno
index b3adedbe286..6a97209b3c7 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting.gno
@@ -134,6 +134,42 @@ func Vote(proposalID, voterID string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func CloseProposal(proposalID string) error {
+	// Get the caller's address
+	caller := std.PrevRealm().Addr()
+
+	// Get the proposal
+	proposal, exists := proposals.Get(proposalID)
+	if !exists {
+		// Proposal does not exist
+		return errors.New("proposal not found")
+	}
+
+	prop := proposal.(*Proposal)
+
+	if caller != prop.owner {
+		return errors.New("unauthorized")
+	}
+
+	prop.isClosed = true
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func GetOwner(proposalID string) (string, error) {
+	// Get the proposal
+	proposal, exists := proposals.Get(proposalID)
+	if !exists {
+		// Proposal does not exist
+		return "", errors.New("proposal not found")
+	}
+
+	prop := proposal.(*Proposal)
+
+	// Return the vote count
+	return prop.owner.String(), nil
+}
+
 // GetVotes returns the current vote count for a proposal identified by proposalID
 func GetVotes(proposalID string) (uint64, error) {
 	// Get the proposal
@@ -148,3 +184,8 @@ func GetVotes(proposalID string) (uint64, error) {
 	// Return the vote count
 	return prop.votes, nil
 }
+
+func Render(path string) string {
+	// do something here
+	return ""
+}
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno
index 75e177b28ec..fafd8eebe8d 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ func TestCreateProposal(t *testing.T) {
 	numParticipants := uint64(100)
 	maxVotesPerUser := uint64(5)
 
+	owner := testutils.TestAddress("owner")
+	std.TestSetPrevAddr(owner)
+
 	proposalID := CreateProposal(title, numParticipants, maxVotesPerUser)
 
 	if proposalID == "" {
@@ -35,9 +38,9 @@ func TestCreateProposal(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected maxVotesPerUser %d, got %d", maxVotesPerUser, prop.maxVotesPerUser)
 	}
 
-	// if prop.voters.Size() != numParticipants {
-	// 	t.Errorf("Expected total voters %d, got %d", numParticipants, prop.voters.Size())
-	// }
+	if prop.owner != owner {
+		t.Errorf("Expected owner %s, got %s", owner.String(), prop.owner.String())
+	}
 
 	if uint64(proposalIndex) != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("Expected proposalIndex %d, got %d", 1, uint64(proposalIndex))
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ func TestCreateProposal(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRegisterVoter(t *testing.T) {
 	Init()
 
-	address := testutils.TestAddress("dummy")
+	address := testutils.TestAddress("owner")
 	std.TestSetPrevAddr(address)
 
 	voterID := RegisterVoter()
@@ -132,3 +135,5 @@ func TestVoteLimit(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected vote limit error, got nil")
 	}
 }
+
+// Todo : add more unit tests

From e1cac6b33ec89a590cca95a9e43ce1482d3ccf25 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: linhpn99 <linhpn@var-meta.com>
Date: Thu, 30 May 2024 15:06:24 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 25/25] use TestSetRealm instead

---
 .../r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno      | 30 +++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno
index fafd8eebe8d..845d4f3a993 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/voting/simple_voting_test.gno
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ import (
 	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 )
 
+var (
+	addr1 = std.Address("g1damkuetjta047h6lta047h6lta047h6lwwxf76")
+	addr2 = std.Address("g1r0mlnkc05z0fv49km99z60qnp95tengyqfdr02")
+)
+
 // TestCreateProposal tests the creation of a proposal
 func TestCreateProposal(t *testing.T) {
 	Init()
@@ -15,8 +20,7 @@ func TestCreateProposal(t *testing.T) {
 	numParticipants := uint64(100)
 	maxVotesPerUser := uint64(5)
 
-	owner := testutils.TestAddress("owner")
-	std.TestSetPrevAddr(owner)
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(addr1))
 
 	proposalID := CreateProposal(title, numParticipants, maxVotesPerUser)
 
@@ -38,8 +42,8 @@ func TestCreateProposal(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected maxVotesPerUser %d, got %d", maxVotesPerUser, prop.maxVotesPerUser)
 	}
 
-	if prop.owner != owner {
-		t.Errorf("Expected owner %s, got %s", owner.String(), prop.owner.String())
+	if prop.owner != addr1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected owner %s, got %s", addr1.String(), prop.owner.String())
 	}
 
 	if uint64(proposalIndex) != 1 {
@@ -51,15 +55,14 @@ func TestCreateProposal(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRegisterVoter(t *testing.T) {
 	Init()
 
-	address := testutils.TestAddress("owner")
-	std.TestSetPrevAddr(address)
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(addr1))
 
 	voterID := RegisterVoter()
 	if voterID == "" {
 		t.Errorf("Expected voterID, got empty string")
 	}
 
-	voter, exists := registeredVoters.Get(address.String())
+	voter, exists := registeredVoters.Get(addr1.String())
 	if !exists {
 		t.Errorf("Voter not found")
 	}
@@ -77,13 +80,11 @@ func TestVote(t *testing.T) {
 	numParticipants := uint64(100)
 	maxVotesPerUser := uint64(5)
 
-	owner := testutils.TestAddress("owner")
-	std.TestSetPrevAddr(owner)
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(addr1))
 
 	proposalID := CreateProposal(title, numParticipants, maxVotesPerUser)
 
-	voter := testutils.TestAddress("voter")
-	std.TestSetPrevAddr(voter)
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(addr2))
 
 	voterID := RegisterVoter()
 
@@ -109,14 +110,11 @@ func TestVoteLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	numParticipants := uint64(100)
 	maxVotesPerUser := uint64(2)
 
-	owner := testutils.TestAddress("owner")
-	std.TestSetPrevAddr(owner)
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(addr1))
 
 	proposalID := CreateProposal(title, numParticipants, maxVotesPerUser)
 
-	voter := testutils.TestAddress("voter")
-
-	std.TestSetPrevAddr(voter)
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(addr2))
 
 	voterID := RegisterVoter()