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collector.cpu.md

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cpu collector

The cpu collector exposes metrics about CPU usage
Metric name prefix cpu
Data source Perflib
Counters ProcessorInformation (Windows Server 2008R2 and later) Processor (older versions)
Enabled by default? Yes

Flags

None

Metrics

These metrics are available on all versions of Windows:

Name Description Type Labels
windows_cpu_cstate_seconds_total Time spent in low-power idle states counter core, state
windows_cpu_time_total Time that processor spent in different modes (dpc, idle, interrupt, privileged, user) counter core, mode
windows_cpu_interrupts_total Total number of received and serviced hardware interrupts counter core
windows_cpu_dpcs_total Total number of received and serviced deferred procedure calls (DPCs) counter core

These metrics are only exposed on Windows Server 2008R2 and later:

Name Description Type Labels
windows_cpu_clock_interrupts_total Total number of received and serviced clock tick interrupts counter core
windows_cpu_idle_break_events_total Total number of time processor was woken from idle counter core
windows_cpu_parking_status Parking Status represents whether a processor is parked or not gauge core
windows_cpu_core_frequency_mhz Core frequency in megahertz gauge core
windows_cpu_processor_performance_total Processor Performance is the number of CPU cycles executing instructions by each core; it is believed to be similar to the value that the APERF MSR would show, were it exposed counter core
windows_cpu_processor_mperf_total Processor MPerf Total is proportioanl to the number of TSC ticks each core has accumulated while executing instructions. Due to the manner in which it is presented, it should be scaled by 1e2 to properly line up with Processor Performance Total. As above, it is believed to be closely related to the MPERF MSR. counter core
windows_cpu_processor_rtc_total RTC total is assumed to represent the 64Hz tick rate in Windows. It is not by itself useful, but can be used with windows_cpu_processor_utility_total to more accurately measure CPU utilisation than with windows_cpu_time_total counter core
windows_cpu_processor_utility_total Processor Utility Total is a newer, more accurate measure of CPU utilization, in particular handling modern CPUs with variant CPU frequencies. The rate of this counter divided by the rate of windows_cpu_processor_rtc_total should provide an accurate view of CPU utilisation on modern systems, as observed in Task Manager. counter core
windows_cpu_processor_privileged_utility_total Processor Privileged Utility Total, when used in a similar fashion to windows_cpu_processor_utility_total will show the portion of CPU utilization which is happening in privileged mode. counter core

Example metric

Show frequency of host CPU cores

windows_cpu_core_frequency_mhz{instance="localhost"}

Useful queries

Show cpu usage by mode.

sum by (mode) (irate(windows_cpu_time_total{instance="localhost"}[5m]))

Show per-cpu utilisation using the processor utility metrics

rate(windows_cpu_processor_utility_total{instance="localhost"}[5m]) / rate(windows_cpu_processor_rtc_total{instance="localhost"}[5m])

Show actual average CPU frequency in Hz

avg by(instance) (
    1e4 * windows_cpu_core_frequency_mhz{}
    * rate(windows_cpu_processor_performance_total{}[5m])
    / rate(windows_cpu_processor_mperf_total{}[5m])
)

Alerting examples

prometheus.rules

# Alert on hosts with more than 80% CPU usage over a 10 minute period
- alert: CpuUsage
  expr: 100 - (avg by (instance) (irate(windows_cpu_time_total{mode="idle"}[2m])) * 100) > 80
  for: 10m
  labels:
    severity: warning
  annotations:
    summary: "CPU Usage (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
    description: "CPU Usage is more than 80%\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
# Alert on hosts which are not boosting their CPU frequencies
- alert: NoCpuTurbo
  expr: |
    avg by(instance) (
        1e4 * windows_cpu_core_frequency_mhz{}
        * rate(windows_cpu_processor_performance_total{}[5m])
        / rate(windows_cpu_processor_mperf_total{}[5m])
    )
    /
    (1e6 * avg by (instance) (windows_cpu_core_frequency_mhz))
    < 1.1
  for: 1h
  annotations:
    summary: "CPU Frequency on {{ $labels.instance }} is less than 110% of base frequency, suggesting it is not able to boost.