diff --git a/plugins/src/lib.rs b/plugins/src/lib.rs
index c423644b..ef936dd6 100644
--- a/plugins/src/lib.rs
+++ b/plugins/src/lib.rs
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ impl<'a> ServiceGenerator<'a> {
                  )| {
                     quote! {
                         #( #attrs )*
-                        async fn #ident(self, context: ::tarpc::context::Context, #( #args ),*) -> #output;
+                        fn #ident(self, context: ::tarpc::context::Context, #( #args ),*) -> impl ::core::future::Future<Output = #output> + ::core::marker::Send;
                     }
                 },
             );
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ impl<'a> ServiceGenerator<'a> {
         let stub_doc = format!("The stub trait for service [`{service_ident}`].");
         quote! {
             #( #attrs )*
-            #vis trait #service_ident: ::core::marker::Sized {
+            #vis trait #service_ident: ::core::marker::Sized + ::core::marker::Send {
                 #( #rpc_fns )*
 
                 /// Returns a serving function to use with
@@ -578,11 +578,11 @@ impl<'a> ServiceGenerator<'a> {
             }
 
             #[doc = #stub_doc]
-            #vis trait #client_stub_ident: ::tarpc::client::stub::Stub<Req = #request_ident, Resp = #response_ident> {
+            #vis trait #client_stub_ident: ::tarpc::client::stub::SendStub<Req = #request_ident, Resp = #response_ident> {
             }
 
             impl<S> #client_stub_ident for S
-                where S: ::tarpc::client::stub::Stub<Req = #request_ident, Resp = #response_ident>
+                where S: ::tarpc::client::stub::SendStub<Req = #request_ident, Resp = #response_ident>
             {
             }
         }
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ impl<'a> ServiceGenerator<'a> {
         } = self;
 
         quote! {
-            impl<S> ::tarpc::server::Serve for #server_ident<S>
+            impl<S> ::tarpc::server::SendServe for #server_ident<S>
                 where S: #service_ident
             {
                 type Req = #request_ident;
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ impl<'a> ServiceGenerator<'a> {
 
         quote! {
             impl<Stub> #client_ident<Stub>
-                where Stub: ::tarpc::client::stub::Stub<
+                where Stub: ::tarpc::client::stub::SendStub<
                     Req = #request_ident,
                     Resp = #response_ident>
             {
diff --git a/tarpc/src/client/stub.rs b/tarpc/src/client/stub.rs
index e7c11aa0..4f7b9486 100644
--- a/tarpc/src/client/stub.rs
+++ b/tarpc/src/client/stub.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 //! Provides a Stub trait, implemented by types that can call remote services.
 
+use std::future::Future;
+
 use crate::{
     client::{Channel, RpcError},
     context,
-    server::Serve,
+    server::{SendServe, Serve},
     RequestName,
 };
 
@@ -15,7 +17,6 @@ mod mock;
 
 /// A connection to a remote service.
 /// Calls the service with requests of type `Req` and receives responses of type `Resp`.
-#[allow(async_fn_in_trait)]
 pub trait Stub {
     /// The service request type.
     type Req: RequestName;
@@ -24,8 +25,28 @@ pub trait Stub {
     type Resp;
 
     /// Calls a remote service.
-    async fn call(&self, ctx: context::Context, request: Self::Req)
-        -> Result<Self::Resp, RpcError>;
+    fn call(
+        &self,
+        ctx: context::Context,
+        request: Self::Req,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Self::Resp, RpcError>>;
+}
+
+/// A connection to a remote service.
+/// Calls the service with requests of type `Req` and receives responses of type `Resp`.
+pub trait SendStub: Send {
+    /// The service request type.
+    type Req: RequestName;
+
+    /// The service response type.
+    type Resp;
+
+    /// Calls a remote service.
+    fn call(
+        &self,
+        ctx: context::Context,
+        request: Self::Req,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Self::Resp, RpcError>> + Send;
 }
 
 impl<Req, Resp> Stub for Channel<Req, Resp>
@@ -40,6 +61,19 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<Req, Resp> SendStub for Channel<Req, Resp>
+where
+    Req: RequestName + Send,
+    Resp: Send,
+{
+    type Req = Req;
+    type Resp = Resp;
+
+    async fn call(&self, ctx: context::Context, request: Req) -> Result<Self::Resp, RpcError> {
+        Self::call(self, ctx, request).await
+    }
+}
+
 impl<S> Stub for S
 where
     S: Serve + Clone,
@@ -50,3 +84,16 @@ where
         self.clone().serve(ctx, req).await.map_err(RpcError::Server)
     }
 }
+
+impl<S> SendStub for S
+where
+    S: SendServe + Clone + Sync,
+    S::Req: Send + Sync,
+    S::Resp: Send,
+{
+    type Req = S::Req;
+    type Resp = S::Resp;
+    async fn call(&self, ctx: context::Context, req: Self::Req) -> Result<Self::Resp, RpcError> {
+        self.clone().serve(ctx, req).await.map_err(RpcError::Server)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tarpc/src/client/stub/load_balance.rs b/tarpc/src/client/stub/load_balance.rs
index e586b793..9315d2ec 100644
--- a/tarpc/src/client/stub/load_balance.rs
+++ b/tarpc/src/client/stub/load_balance.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,24 @@ mod round_robin {
         }
     }
 
+    impl<Stub> stub::SendStub for RoundRobin<Stub>
+    where
+        Stub: stub::SendStub + Send + Sync,
+        Stub::Req: Send,
+    {
+        type Req = Stub::Req;
+        type Resp = Stub::Resp;
+
+        async fn call(
+            &self,
+            ctx: context::Context,
+            request: Self::Req,
+        ) -> Result<Stub::Resp, RpcError> {
+            let next = self.stubs.next();
+            next.call(ctx, request).await
+        }
+    }
+
     /// A Stub that load-balances across backing stubs by round robin.
     #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
     pub struct RoundRobin<Stub> {
diff --git a/tarpc/src/client/stub/mock.rs b/tarpc/src/client/stub/mock.rs
index ae9ae9b2..44c0ecc0 100644
--- a/tarpc/src/client/stub/mock.rs
+++ b/tarpc/src/client/stub/mock.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 use crate::{
-    client::{stub::Stub, RpcError},
+    client::{
+        stub::{SendStub, Stub},
+        RpcError,
+    },
     context, RequestName, ServerError,
 };
 use std::{collections::HashMap, hash::Hash, io};
@@ -42,3 +45,25 @@ where
             })
     }
 }
+
+impl<Req, Resp> SendStub for Mock<Req, Resp>
+where
+    Req: Eq + Hash + RequestName + Send + Sync,
+    Resp: Clone + Send + Sync,
+{
+    type Req = Req;
+    type Resp = Resp;
+
+    async fn call(&self, _: context::Context, request: Self::Req) -> Result<Resp, RpcError> {
+        self.responses
+            .get(&request)
+            .cloned()
+            .map(Ok)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                Err(RpcError::Server(ServerError {
+                    kind: io::ErrorKind::NotFound,
+                    detail: "mock (request, response) entry not found".into(),
+                }))
+            })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tarpc/src/client/stub/retry.rs b/tarpc/src/client/stub/retry.rs
index 89b033bc..0779de17 100644
--- a/tarpc/src/client/stub/retry.rs
+++ b/tarpc/src/client/stub/retry.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,33 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<Stub, Req, F> stub::SendStub for Retry<F, Stub>
+where
+    Req: RequestName + Send + Sync,
+    Stub: stub::SendStub<Req = Arc<Req>> + Send + Sync,
+    F: Fn(&Result<Stub::Resp, RpcError>, u32) -> bool + Send + Sync,
+{
+    type Req = Req;
+    type Resp = Stub::Resp;
+
+    async fn call(
+        &self,
+        ctx: context::Context,
+        request: Self::Req,
+    ) -> Result<Stub::Resp, RpcError> {
+        let request = Arc::new(request);
+        for i in 1.. {
+            let result = self.stub.call(ctx, Arc::clone(&request)).await;
+            if (self.should_retry)(&result, i) {
+                tracing::trace!("Retrying on attempt {i}");
+                continue;
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        unreachable!("Wow, that was a lot of attempts!");
+    }
+}
+
 /// A Stub that retries requests based on response contents.
 /// Note: to use this stub with Serde serialization, the "rc" feature of Serde needs to be enabled.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
diff --git a/tarpc/src/server.rs b/tarpc/src/server.rs
index d79d45c2..196fb596 100644
--- a/tarpc/src/server.rs
+++ b/tarpc/src/server.rs
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@ impl Config {
 }
 
 /// Equivalent to a `FnOnce(Req) -> impl Future<Output = Resp>`.
-#[allow(async_fn_in_trait)]
 pub trait Serve {
     /// Type of request.
     type Req: RequestName;
@@ -76,7 +75,33 @@ pub trait Serve {
     type Resp;
 
     /// Responds to a single request.
-    async fn serve(self, ctx: context::Context, req: Self::Req) -> Result<Self::Resp, ServerError>;
+    fn serve(
+        self,
+        ctx: context::Context,
+        req: Self::Req,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Self::Resp, ServerError>>;
+}
+
+/// Equivalent to a `FnOnce(Req) -> impl Future<Output = Resp>`.
+pub trait SendServe: Send {
+    /// Type of request.
+    type Req: RequestName;
+    /// Type of response.
+    type Resp;
+    /// Responds to a single request.
+    fn serve(
+        self,
+        ctx: context::Context,
+        req: Self::Req,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Self::Resp, ServerError>> + Send;
+}
+
+impl<S: SendServe> Serve for S {
+    type Req = <Self as SendServe>::Req;
+    type Resp = <Self as SendServe>::Resp;
+    async fn serve(self, ctx: context::Context, req: Self::Req) -> Result<Self::Resp, ServerError> {
+        <Self as SendServe>::serve(self, ctx, req).await
+    }
 }
 
 /// A Serve wrapper around a Fn.
@@ -113,11 +138,11 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<Req, Resp, Fut, F> Serve for ServeFn<Req, Resp, F>
+impl<Req, Resp, Fut, F> SendServe for ServeFn<Req, Resp, F>
 where
-    Req: RequestName,
-    F: FnOnce(context::Context, Req) -> Fut,
-    Fut: Future<Output = Result<Resp, ServerError>>,
+    Req: RequestName + Send,
+    F: FnOnce(context::Context, Req) -> Fut + Send,
+    Fut: Future<Output = Result<Resp, ServerError>> + Send,
 {
     type Req = Req;
     type Resp = Resp;