Add retry with exponential backoff to S3ObjectClient.PutObject()

[JordanRushing]

Signed-off-by: Jordan Rushing jordan.rushing@grafana.com

What this PR does / why we need it:
This PR adds grafana/dskit retry with exponential backoff to S3ObjectClient.PutObject(). This is part of the recommended request behavior that AWS provides via its official documentation.

We added this to GetObject() in #4453

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
N/A

Special notes for your reviewer:
N/A

Checklist

• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Add an entry in the CHANGELOG.md about the changes.

[owen-d]

Hey, this is a great PR, but I don't think we should merge it. None of our other object clients do this for PutObject and we already have backoffs via the flushloop (30s) and the flushBackoff (1s) for retrying immediate flushes. Instead, we may wish to make the flushBackoff use an exponential backoff strategy so that it applies once for every backend rather than sequencing (flushBackoff + objectClientBackoff) for specific backends.