diff --git a/.changelog/37686.txt b/.changelog/37686.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8dd8fd06953
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changelog/37686.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+```release-note:bug
+data-source/aws_route53_zone: Permit both `name` and `zone_id` arguments when one is an empty string
+```
diff --git a/internal/service/route53/zone_data_source.go b/internal/service/route53/zone_data_source.go
index e956c8fe09a..5f34347e73f 100644
--- a/internal/service/route53/zone_data_source.go
+++ b/internal/service/route53/zone_data_source.go
@@ -47,10 +47,9 @@ func dataSourceZone() *schema.Resource {
 				Computed: true,
 			},
 			names.AttrName: {
-				Type:         schema.TypeString,
-				Optional:     true,
-				Computed:     true,
-				ExactlyOneOf: []string{"zone_id", names.AttrName},
+				Type:     schema.TypeString,
+				Optional: true,
+				Computed: true,
 			},
 			"name_servers": {
 				Type:     schema.TypeList,
@@ -77,10 +76,9 @@ func dataSourceZone() *schema.Resource {
 				Computed: true,
 			},
 			"zone_id": {
-				Type:         schema.TypeString,
-				Optional:     true,
-				Computed:     true,
-				ExactlyOneOf: []string{"zone_id", names.AttrName},
+				Type:     schema.TypeString,
+				Optional: true,
+				Computed: true,
 			},
 		},
 	}
diff --git a/internal/service/route53/zone_data_source_test.go b/internal/service/route53/zone_data_source_test.go
index 11e383cd836..42b09f045ae 100644
--- a/internal/service/route53/zone_data_source_test.go
+++ b/internal/service/route53/zone_data_source_test.go
@@ -68,6 +68,40 @@ func TestAccRoute53ZoneDataSource_name(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+// Verifies the data source works when name is set and zone_id is an empty string.
+//
+// This may be behavior we want to disable in the future with an ExactlyOneOf
+// constraint, but because we've historically allowed it we need to continue
+// doing so until a major version bump.
+//
+// Ref: https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform-provider-aws/issues/37683
+func TestAccRoute53ZoneDataSource_name_idEmptyString(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := acctest.Context(t)
+	resourceName := "aws_route53_zone.test"
+	dataSourceName := "data.aws_route53_zone.test"
+
+	fqdn := acctest.RandomFQDomainName()
+
+	resource.ParallelTest(t, resource.TestCase{
+		PreCheck:                 func() { acctest.PreCheck(ctx, t) },
+		ErrorCheck:               acctest.ErrorCheck(t, names.Route53ServiceID),
+		ProtoV5ProviderFactories: acctest.ProtoV5ProviderFactories,
+		CheckDestroy:             testAccCheckZoneDestroy(ctx),
+		Steps: []resource.TestStep{
+			{
+				Config: testAccZoneDataSourceConfig_name_idEmptyString(fqdn),
+				Check: resource.ComposeTestCheckFunc(
+					resource.TestCheckResourceAttrPair(resourceName, names.AttrID, dataSourceName, names.AttrID),
+					resource.TestCheckResourceAttrPair(resourceName, names.AttrName, dataSourceName, names.AttrName),
+					resource.TestCheckResourceAttrPair(resourceName, "name_servers.#", dataSourceName, "name_servers.#"),
+					resource.TestCheckResourceAttrPair(resourceName, "primary_name_server", dataSourceName, "primary_name_server"),
+					resource.TestCheckResourceAttrPair(resourceName, names.AttrTags, dataSourceName, names.AttrTags),
+				),
+			},
+		},
+	})
+}
+
 func TestAccRoute53ZoneDataSource_tags(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := acctest.Context(t)
 	rInt := sdkacctest.RandInt()
@@ -170,6 +204,19 @@ data "aws_route53_zone" "test" {
 `, fqdn)
 }
 
+func testAccZoneDataSourceConfig_name_idEmptyString(fqdn string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`
+resource "aws_route53_zone" "test" {
+  name = %[1]q
+}
+
+data "aws_route53_zone" "test" {
+  zone_id = ""
+  name    = aws_route53_zone.test.name
+}
+`, fqdn)
+}
+
 func testAccZoneDataSourceConfig_tagsPrivate(fqdn string, rInt int) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf(`
 resource "aws_vpc" "test" {