diff --git a/Kconfig b/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7d2aa6e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+menu "Deploy (部署)"
+  choice
+    prompt "Method (部署方式)"
+
+    config DOCKER_COMPOSE_DEPLOY
+      bool "docker-compose deploy (docker-compose部署)"
+
+    config K8S_DEPLOY
+      bool "kubernetes deploy (kubernetes 部署)"
+  endchoice
+  choice
+    prompt "Mode (部署模式)"
+
+    config DEV_MODE
+      bool "dev-mode(开发模式)"
+
+    config PROD_MODE
+      bool "prod-mode(生产模式)"
+  endchoice
+endmenu
+
+menu "API Server Config (API服务配置)"
+  config API_ENGINE_WEBROOT
+    string "WEBROOT (服务根路径)"
+    default "/engine"
+  config POSTGRES_USER
+    string "POSTGRES_USER (数据库用户名)"
+    default "admin"
+  config POSTGRES_PASSWORD
+    string "POSTGRES_PASSWORD (数据库密码)"
+    default "password"
+  config API_ENGINE_SERVICE_PORT
+    int "Service Port (服务端口)"
+    default 8085
+    range 8000 10000
+  config API_ENGINE_ADMIN_TOKEN
+    string "Admin Token(管理员Token)"
+    default "administrator"
+  config API_ENGINE_ADMIN_USERNAME
+    string "Admin Username (管理员用户名)"
+    default "admin"
+  config API_ENGINE_ADMIN_PASSWORD
+    string "Admin Password (管理员密码)"
+    default "pass"
+  config API_ENGINE_ADMIN_EMAIL
+    string "Admin email (管理员邮箱)"
+    default "admin@cello.com"
+  config API_DOCKER_HOST
+    string "Docker Host(Docker主机)"
+    default "unix://var/run/docker.sock"
+  config API_VERSION
+    string "Version (接口版本)"
+    default "master"
+endmenu
+
+menu "Dashboard Config (控制台服务配置)"
+  config MOCK
+    bool "Whether mock api (是否采用假数据)"
+    default y
+  config PROXY
+    string "API Proxy (API代理)"
+  config DASHBOARD_SERVICE_PORT
+    int "Dashboard Service Port (控制台服务端口)"
+    default 8081
+    range 8000 10000
+endmenu
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 3f1404861..f1dcceba6 100755
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -74,11 +74,14 @@ REPLACE_SLASH:=\/
 # deploy method docker-compose/k8s
 export DEPLOY_METHOD?=docker-compose
 
+-include .config
 -include .makerc/kubernetes
 -include .makerc/api-engine
 -include .makerc/dashboard
 -include .makerc/functions
 
+.EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES:
+
 export ROOT_PATH = ${PWD}
 ROOT_PATH_REPLACE=$(subst $(SLASH),$(REPLACE_SLASH),$(ROOT_PATH))
 
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@ WORKER_TYPE ?= docker
 
 # Specify the running mode, prod or dev
 MODE ?= prod
-ifeq ($(MODE),prod)
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_PROD_MODE),y)
 	COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose.yml
 	export DEPLOY_TEMPLATE_NAME=deploy.tmpl
 	export DEBUG?=False
@@ -199,10 +202,10 @@ image-clean: clean ##@Clean all existing images to rebuild
 	docker images | grep "hyperledger/cello-" | awk '{print $3}' | xargs docker rmi -f
 
 start-docker-compose:
-	docker-compose -f bootup/docker-compose-files/${COMPOSE_FILE} up -d --force-recreate
+	docker-compose -f bootup/docker-compose-files/${COMPOSE_FILE} up -d --force-recreate --remove-orphans
 
 start: ##@Service Start service
-	if [ "$(DEPLOY_METHOD)" = "docker-compose" ]; then \
+	if [ "$(CONFIG_DOCKER_COMPOSE_DEPLOY)" = "y" ]; then \
 		make start-docker-compose; \
 	else \
 		make start-k8s; \
@@ -238,7 +241,7 @@ generate-mock:
 	make -C src/dashboard generate-mock
 
 stop: ##@Service Stop service
-	if [ "$(DEPLOY_METHOD)" = "docker-compose" ]; then \
+	if [ "$(CONFIG_DOCKER_COMPOSE_DEPLOY)" = "y" ]; then \
 		make stop-docker-compose; \
 	else \
 		make stop-k8s; \
@@ -257,6 +260,15 @@ setup-master: ##@Environment Setup dependency for master node
 setup-worker: ##@Environment Setup dependency for worker node
 	cd scripts/worker_node && bash setup.sh $(WORKER_TYPE)
 
+menuconfig:
+	MENUCONFIG_STYLE=aquatic python kconfig-lib/menuconfig.py
+
+oldconfig:
+	python kconfig-lib/oldconfig.py
+
+alldefconfig:
+	python kconfig-lib/alldefconfig.py
+
 help: ##@other Show this help.
 	@perl -e '$(HELP_FUN)' $(MAKEFILE_LIST)
 
diff --git a/bootup/docker-compose-files/docker-compose-dev.yml b/bootup/docker-compose-files/docker-compose-dev.yml
index fffb7a8cb..cfb0456ad 100644
--- a/bootup/docker-compose-files/docker-compose-dev.yml
+++ b/bootup/docker-compose-files/docker-compose-dev.yml
@@ -42,21 +42,21 @@ services:
       - postgres-server
       - redis
     environment:
-      - WEBROOT=${API_ENGINE_WEBROOT}
+      - WEBROOT=${CONFIG_API_ENGINE_WEBROOT}
       - DEBUG=True
-      - DB_USER=${POSTGRES_USER}
-      - DB_PASSWORD=${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
+      - DB_USER=${CONFIG_POSTGRES_USER}
+      - DB_PASSWORD=${CONFIG_POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
       - DB_NAME=api-engine
       - DB_HOST=postgres-server
       - DB_PORT=5432
-      - ADMIN_TOKEN=$API_ENGINE_ADMIN_TOKEN
+      - ADMIN_TOKEN=${CONFIG_API_ENGINE_ADMIN_TOKEN}
       - CELERY_BROKER_URL=redis://redis
-      - ADMIN_USERNAME=$API_ENGINE_ADMIN_USERNAME
-      - ADMIN_PASSWORD=$API_ENGINE_ADMIN_PASSWORD
-      - ADMIN_EMAIL=$API_ENGINE_ADMIN_EMAIL
-      - API_VERSION=$API_VERSION
+      - ADMIN_USERNAME=${CONFIG_API_ENGINE_ADMIN_USERNAME}
+      - ADMIN_PASSWORD=${CONFIG_API_ENGINE_ADMIN_PASSWORD}
+      - ADMIN_EMAIL=${CONFIG_API_ENGINE_ADMIN_EMAIL}
+      - API_VERSION=${CONFIG_API_VERSION}
     ports:
-      - "${API_ENGINE_SERVICE_PORT}:8080"
+      - "${CONFIG_API_ENGINE_SERVICE_PORT}:8080"
     volumes:
       - $ROOT_PATH/src/api-engine:/var/www/server
       - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
@@ -71,18 +71,18 @@ services:
     - postgres-server
     - redis
     environment:
-    - WEBROOT=${API_ENGINE_WEBROOT}
+    - WEBROOT=${CONFIG_API_ENGINE_WEBROOT}
     - DEBUG=True
-    - DB_USER=${POSTGRES_USER}
-    - DB_PASSWORD=${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
+    - DB_USER=${CONFIG_POSTGRES_USER}
+    - DB_PASSWORD=${CONFIG_POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
     - DB_NAME=api-engine
     - DB_HOST=postgres-server
     - DB_PORT=5432
-    - ADMIN_TOKEN=$API_ENGINE_ADMIN_TOKEN
+    - ADMIN_TOKEN=${CONFIG_API_ENGINE_ADMIN_TOKEN}
     - CELERY_BROKER_URL=redis://redis
-    - API_VERSION=$API_VERSION
+    - API_VERSION=${CONFIG_API_VERSION}
     - RUN_MODE=task
-    - DOCKER_HOST=$API_DOCKER_HOST
+    - DOCKER_HOST=${CONFIG_API_DOCKER_HOST}
     volumes:
     - $ROOT_PATH/src/api-engine:/var/www/server
     - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
@@ -94,6 +94,6 @@ services:
       - api-engine
     environment:
       - API_PROXY=http://api-engine:8080/engine
-      - SERVICE_PORT=$API_ENGINE_SERVICE_PORT
+      - SERVICE_PORT=${CONFIG_API_ENGINE_SERVICE_PORT}
     ports:
-      - "${DASHBOARD_SERVICE_PORT}:80"
+      - "${CONFIG_DASHBOARD_SERVICE_PORT}:80"
diff --git a/bootup/docker-compose-files/docker-compose.yml b/bootup/docker-compose-files/docker-compose.yml
index 0ef4282c5..589a98495 100644
--- a/bootup/docker-compose-files/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/bootup/docker-compose-files/docker-compose.yml
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ services:
     links:
     - api-engine
     ports:
-    - "${API_ENGINE_SERVICE_PORT}:80"
+    - "${CONFIG_API_ENGINE_SERVICE_PORT}:80"
     environment:
     - UWSGI_SERVER_HOST=api-engine
-    - URL_PREFIX=${API_ENGINE_WEBROOT}
+    - URL_PREFIX=${CONFIG_API_ENGINE_WEBROOT}
     volumes:
       - /opt/cello/api-engine/media:/var/www/media
 
diff --git a/kconfig-lib/alldefconfig.py b/kconfig-lib/alldefconfig.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56c4caa92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kconfig-lib/alldefconfig.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2019, Ulf Magnusson
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
+
+"""
+Writes a configuration file where all symbols are set to their their default
+values.
+
+The default output filename is '.config'. A different filename can be passed in
+the KCONFIG_CONFIG environment variable.
+
+Usage for the Linux kernel:
+
+  $ make [ARCH=<arch>] scriptconfig SCRIPT=Kconfiglib/alldefconfig.py
+"""
+import kconfiglib
+
+
+def main():
+    kconf = kconfiglib.standard_kconfig(__doc__)
+    kconf.load_allconfig("alldef.config")
+    print(kconf.write_config())
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/kconfig-lib/kconfiglib.py b/kconfig-lib/kconfiglib.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99132136b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kconfig-lib/kconfiglib.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7250 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2011-2019, Ulf Magnusson
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
+
+"""
+Overview
+========
+
+Kconfiglib is a Python 2/3 library for scripting and extracting information
+from Kconfig (https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt)
+configuration systems.
+
+See the homepage at https://github.com/ulfalizer/Kconfiglib for a longer
+overview.
+
+Since Kconfiglib 12.0.0, the library version is available in
+kconfiglib.VERSION, which is a (<major>, <minor>, <patch>) tuple, e.g.
+(12, 0, 0).
+
+
+Using Kconfiglib on the Linux kernel with the Makefile targets
+==============================================================
+
+For the Linux kernel, a handy interface is provided by the
+scripts/kconfig/Makefile patch, which can be applied with either 'git am' or
+the 'patch' utility:
+
+  $ wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ulfalizer/Kconfiglib/master/makefile.patch | git am
+  $ wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ulfalizer/Kconfiglib/master/makefile.patch | patch -p1
+
+Warning: Not passing -p1 to patch will cause the wrong file to be patched.
+
+Please tell me if the patch does not apply. It should be trivial to apply
+manually, as it's just a block of text that needs to be inserted near the other
+*conf: targets in scripts/kconfig/Makefile.
+
+Look further down for a motivation for the Makefile patch and for instructions
+on how you can use Kconfiglib without it.
+
+If you do not wish to install Kconfiglib via pip, the Makefile patch is set up
+so that you can also just clone Kconfiglib into the kernel root:
+
+  $ git clone git://github.com/ulfalizer/Kconfiglib.git
+  $ git am Kconfiglib/makefile.patch  (or 'patch -p1 < Kconfiglib/makefile.patch')
+
+Warning: The directory name Kconfiglib/ is significant in this case, because
+it's added to PYTHONPATH by the new targets in makefile.patch.
+
+The targets added by the Makefile patch are described in the following
+sections.
+
+
+make kmenuconfig
+----------------
+
+This target runs the curses menuconfig interface with Python 3. As of
+Kconfiglib 12.2.0, both Python 2 and Python 3 are supported (previously, only
+Python 3 was supported, so this was a backport).
+
+
+make guiconfig
+--------------
+
+This target runs the Tkinter menuconfig interface. Both Python 2 and Python 3
+are supported. To change the Python interpreter used, pass
+PYTHONCMD=<executable> to 'make'. The default is 'python'.
+
+
+make [ARCH=<arch>] iscriptconfig
+--------------------------------
+
+This target gives an interactive Python prompt where a Kconfig instance has
+been preloaded and is available in 'kconf'. To change the Python interpreter
+used, pass PYTHONCMD=<executable> to 'make'. The default is 'python'.
+
+To get a feel for the API, try evaluating and printing the symbols in
+kconf.defined_syms, and explore the MenuNode menu tree starting at
+kconf.top_node by following 'next' and 'list' pointers.
+
+The item contained in a menu node is found in MenuNode.item (note that this can
+be one of the constants kconfiglib.MENU and kconfiglib.COMMENT), and all
+symbols and choices have a 'nodes' attribute containing their menu nodes
+(usually only one). Printing a menu node will print its item, in Kconfig
+format.
+
+If you want to look up a symbol by name, use the kconf.syms dictionary.
+
+
+make scriptconfig SCRIPT=<script> [SCRIPT_ARG=<arg>]
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+This target runs the Python script given by the SCRIPT parameter on the
+configuration. sys.argv[1] holds the name of the top-level Kconfig file
+(currently always "Kconfig" in practice), and sys.argv[2] holds the SCRIPT_ARG
+argument, if given.
+
+See the examples/ subdirectory for example scripts.
+
+
+make dumpvarsconfig
+-------------------
+
+This target prints a list of all environment variables referenced from the
+Kconfig files, together with their values. See the
+Kconfiglib/examples/dumpvars.py script.
+
+Only environment variables that are referenced via the Kconfig preprocessor
+$(FOO) syntax are included. The preprocessor was added in Linux 4.18.
+
+
+Using Kconfiglib without the Makefile targets
+=============================================
+
+The make targets are only needed to pick up environment variables exported from
+the Kbuild makefiles and referenced inside Kconfig files, via e.g.
+'source "arch/$(SRCARCH)/Kconfig" and commands run via '$(shell,...)'.
+
+These variables are referenced as of writing (Linux 4.18), together with sample
+values:
+
+  srctree          (.)
+  ARCH             (x86)
+  SRCARCH          (x86)
+  KERNELVERSION    (4.18.0)
+  CC               (gcc)
+  HOSTCC           (gcc)
+  HOSTCXX          (g++)
+  CC_VERSION_TEXT  (gcc (Ubuntu 7.3.0-16ubuntu3) 7.3.0)
+
+Older kernels only reference ARCH, SRCARCH, and KERNELVERSION.
+
+If your kernel is recent enough (4.18+), you can get a list of referenced
+environment variables via 'make dumpvarsconfig' (see above). Note that this
+command is added by the Makefile patch.
+
+To run Kconfiglib without the Makefile patch, set the environment variables
+manually:
+
+  $ srctree=. ARCH=x86 SRCARCH=x86 KERNELVERSION=`make kernelversion` ... python(3)
+  >>> import kconfiglib
+  >>> kconf = kconfiglib.Kconfig()  # filename defaults to "Kconfig"
+
+Search the top-level Makefile for "Additional ARCH settings" to see other
+possibilities for ARCH and SRCARCH.
+
+
+Intro to symbol values
+======================
+
+Kconfiglib has the same assignment semantics as the C implementation.
+
+Any symbol can be assigned a value by the user (via Kconfig.load_config() or
+Symbol.set_value()), but this user value is only respected if the symbol is
+visible, which corresponds to it (currently) being visible in the menuconfig
+interface.
+
+For symbols with prompts, the visibility of the symbol is determined by the
+condition on the prompt. Symbols without prompts are never visible, so setting
+a user value on them is pointless. A warning will be printed by default if
+Symbol.set_value() is called on a promptless symbol. Assignments to promptless
+symbols are normal within a .config file, so no similar warning will be printed
+by load_config().
+
+Dependencies from parents and 'if'/'depends on' are propagated to properties,
+including prompts, so these two configurations are logically equivalent:
+
+(1)
+
+  menu "menu"
+      depends on A
+
+  if B
+
+  config FOO
+      tristate "foo" if D
+      default y
+      depends on C
+
+  endif
+
+  endmenu
+
+(2)
+
+  menu "menu"
+      depends on A
+
+  config FOO
+      tristate "foo" if A && B && C && D
+      default y if A && B && C
+
+  endmenu
+
+In this example, A && B && C && D (the prompt condition) needs to be non-n for
+FOO to be visible (assignable). If its value is m, the symbol can only be
+assigned the value m: The visibility sets an upper bound on the value that can
+be assigned by the user, and any higher user value will be truncated down.
+
+'default' properties are independent of the visibility, though a 'default' will
+often get the same condition as the prompt due to dependency propagation.
+'default' properties are used if the symbol is not visible or has no user
+value.
+
+Symbols with no user value (or that have a user value but are not visible) and
+no (active) 'default' default to n for bool/tristate symbols, and to the empty
+string for other symbol types.
+
+'select' works similarly to symbol visibility, but sets a lower bound on the
+value of the symbol. The lower bound is determined by the value of the
+select*ing* symbol. 'select' does not respect visibility, so non-visible
+symbols can be forced to a particular (minimum) value by a select as well.
+
+For non-bool/tristate symbols, it only matters whether the visibility is n or
+non-n: m visibility acts the same as y visibility.
+
+Conditions on 'default' and 'select' work in mostly intuitive ways. If the
+condition is n, the 'default' or 'select' is disabled. If it is m, the
+'default' or 'select' value (the value of the selecting symbol) is truncated
+down to m.
+
+When writing a configuration with Kconfig.write_config(), only symbols that are
+visible, have an (active) default, or are selected will get written out (note
+that this includes all symbols that would accept user values). Kconfiglib
+matches the .config format produced by the C implementations down to the
+character. This eases testing.
+
+For a visible bool/tristate symbol FOO with value n, this line is written to
+.config:
+
+    # CONFIG_FOO is not set
+
+The point is to remember the user n selection (which might differ from the
+default value the symbol would get), while at the same sticking to the rule
+that undefined corresponds to n (.config uses Makefile format, making the line
+above a comment). When the .config file is read back in, this line will be
+treated the same as the following assignment:
+
+    CONFIG_FOO=n
+
+In Kconfiglib, the set of (currently) assignable values for a bool/tristate
+symbol appear in Symbol.assignable. For other symbol types, just check if
+sym.visibility is non-0 (non-n) to see whether the user value will have an
+effect.
+
+
+Intro to the menu tree
+======================
+
+The menu structure, as seen in e.g. menuconfig, is represented by a tree of
+MenuNode objects. The top node of the configuration corresponds to an implicit
+top-level menu, the title of which is shown at the top in the standard
+menuconfig interface. (The title is also available in Kconfig.mainmenu_text in
+Kconfiglib.)
+
+The top node is found in Kconfig.top_node. From there, you can visit child menu
+nodes by following the 'list' pointer, and any following menu nodes by
+following the 'next' pointer. Usually, a non-None 'list' pointer indicates a
+menu or Choice, but menu nodes for symbols can sometimes have a non-None 'list'
+pointer too due to submenus created implicitly from dependencies.
+
+MenuNode.item is either a Symbol or a Choice object, or one of the constants
+MENU and COMMENT. The prompt of the menu node can be found in MenuNode.prompt,
+which also holds the title for menus and comments. For Symbol and Choice,
+MenuNode.help holds the help text (if any, otherwise None).
+
+Most symbols will only have a single menu node. A symbol defined in multiple
+locations will have one menu node for each location. The list of menu nodes for
+a Symbol or Choice can be found in the Symbol/Choice.nodes attribute.
+
+Note that prompts and help texts for symbols and choices are stored in their
+menu node(s) rather than in the Symbol or Choice objects themselves. This makes
+it possible to define a symbol in multiple locations with a different prompt or
+help text in each location. To get the help text or prompt for a symbol with a
+single menu node, do sym.nodes[0].help and sym.nodes[0].prompt, respectively.
+The prompt is a (text, condition) tuple, where condition determines the
+visibility (see 'Intro to expressions' below).
+
+This organization mirrors the C implementation. MenuNode is called
+'struct menu' there, but I thought "menu" was a confusing name.
+
+It is possible to give a Choice a name and define it in multiple locations,
+hence why Choice.nodes is also a list.
+
+As a convenience, the properties added at a particular definition location are
+available on the MenuNode itself, in e.g. MenuNode.defaults. This is helpful
+when generating documentation, so that symbols/choices defined in multiple
+locations can be shown with the correct properties at each location.
+
+
+Intro to expressions
+====================
+
+Expressions can be evaluated with the expr_value() function and printed with
+the expr_str() function (these are used internally as well). Evaluating an
+expression always yields a tristate value, where n, m, and y are represented as
+0, 1, and 2, respectively.
+
+The following table should help you figure out how expressions are represented.
+A, B, C, ... are symbols (Symbol instances), NOT is the kconfiglib.NOT
+constant, etc.
+
+Expression            Representation
+----------            --------------
+A                     A
+"A"                   A (constant symbol)
+!A                    (NOT, A)
+A && B                (AND, A, B)
+A && B && C           (AND, A, (AND, B, C))
+A || B                (OR, A, B)
+A || (B && C && D)    (OR, A, (AND, B, (AND, C, D)))
+A = B                 (EQUAL, A, B)
+A != "foo"            (UNEQUAL, A, foo (constant symbol))
+A && B = C && D       (AND, A, (AND, (EQUAL, B, C), D))
+n                     Kconfig.n (constant symbol)
+m                     Kconfig.m (constant symbol)
+y                     Kconfig.y (constant symbol)
+"y"                   Kconfig.y (constant symbol)
+
+Strings like "foo" in 'default "foo"' or 'depends on SYM = "foo"' are
+represented as constant symbols, so the only values that appear in expressions
+are symbols***. This mirrors the C implementation.
+
+***For choice symbols, the parent Choice will appear in expressions as well,
+but it's usually invisible as the value interfaces of Symbol and Choice are
+identical. This mirrors the C implementation and makes different choice modes
+"just work".
+
+Manual evaluation examples:
+
+  - The value of A && B is min(A.tri_value, B.tri_value)
+
+  - The value of A || B is max(A.tri_value, B.tri_value)
+
+  - The value of !A is 2 - A.tri_value
+
+  - The value of A = B is 2 (y) if A.str_value == B.str_value, and 0 (n)
+    otherwise. Note that str_value is used here instead of tri_value.
+
+    For constant (as well as undefined) symbols, str_value matches the name of
+    the symbol. This mirrors the C implementation and explains why
+    'depends on SYM = "foo"' above works as expected.
+
+n/m/y are automatically converted to the corresponding constant symbols
+"n"/"m"/"y" (Kconfig.n/m/y) during parsing.
+
+Kconfig.const_syms is a dictionary like Kconfig.syms but for constant symbols.
+
+If a condition is missing (e.g., <cond> when the 'if <cond>' is removed from
+'default A if <cond>'), it is actually Kconfig.y. The standard __str__()
+functions just avoid printing 'if y' conditions to give cleaner output.
+
+
+Kconfig extensions
+==================
+
+Kconfiglib includes a couple of Kconfig extensions:
+
+'source' with relative path
+---------------------------
+
+The 'rsource' statement sources Kconfig files with a path relative to directory
+of the Kconfig file containing the 'rsource' statement, instead of relative to
+the project root.
+
+Consider following directory tree:
+
+  Project
+  +--Kconfig
+  |
+  +--src
+     +--Kconfig
+     |
+     +--SubSystem1
+        +--Kconfig
+        |
+        +--ModuleA
+           +--Kconfig
+
+In this example, assume that src/SubSystem1/Kconfig wants to source
+src/SubSystem1/ModuleA/Kconfig.
+
+With 'source', this statement would be used:
+
+  source "src/SubSystem1/ModuleA/Kconfig"
+
+With 'rsource', this turns into
+
+  rsource "ModuleA/Kconfig"
+
+If an absolute path is given to 'rsource', it acts the same as 'source'.
+
+'rsource' can be used to create "position-independent" Kconfig trees that can
+be moved around freely.
+
+
+Globbing 'source'
+-----------------
+
+'source' and 'rsource' accept glob patterns, sourcing all matching Kconfig
+files. They require at least one matching file, raising a KconfigError
+otherwise.
+
+For example, the following statement might source sub1/foofoofoo and
+sub2/foobarfoo:
+
+  source "sub[12]/foo*foo"
+
+The glob patterns accepted are the same as for the standard glob.glob()
+function.
+
+Two additional statements are provided for cases where it's acceptable for a
+pattern to match no files: 'osource' and 'orsource' (the o is for "optional").
+
+For example, the following statements will be no-ops if neither "foo" nor any
+files matching "bar*" exist:
+
+  osource "foo"
+  osource "bar*"
+
+'orsource' does a relative optional source.
+
+'source' and 'osource' are analogous to 'include' and '-include' in Make.
+
+
+Generalized def_* keywords
+--------------------------
+
+def_int, def_hex, and def_string are available in addition to def_bool and
+def_tristate, allowing int, hex, and string symbols to be given a type and a
+default at the same time.
+
+
+Extra optional warnings
+-----------------------
+
+Some optional warnings can be controlled via environment variables:
+
+  - KCONFIG_WARN_UNDEF: If set to 'y', warnings will be generated for all
+    references to undefined symbols within Kconfig files. The only gotcha is
+    that all hex literals must be prefixed with "0x" or "0X", to make it
+    possible to distinguish them from symbol references.
+
+    Some projects (e.g. the Linux kernel) use multiple Kconfig trees with many
+    shared Kconfig files, leading to some safe undefined symbol references.
+    KCONFIG_WARN_UNDEF is useful in projects that only have a single Kconfig
+    tree though.
+
+    KCONFIG_STRICT is an older alias for this environment variable, supported
+    for backwards compatibility.
+
+  - KCONFIG_WARN_UNDEF_ASSIGN: If set to 'y', warnings will be generated for
+    all assignments to undefined symbols within .config files. By default, no
+    such warnings are generated.
+
+    This warning can also be enabled/disabled via the Kconfig.warn_assign_undef
+    variable.
+
+
+Preprocessor user functions defined in Python
+---------------------------------------------
+
+Preprocessor functions can be defined in Python, which makes it simple to
+integrate information from existing Python tools into Kconfig (e.g. to have
+Kconfig symbols depend on hardware information stored in some other format).
+
+Putting a Python module named kconfigfunctions(.py) anywhere in sys.path will
+cause it to be imported by Kconfiglib (in Kconfig.__init__()). Note that
+sys.path can be customized via PYTHONPATH, and includes the directory of the
+module being run by default, as well as installation directories.
+
+If the KCONFIG_FUNCTIONS environment variable is set, it gives a different
+module name to use instead of 'kconfigfunctions'.
+
+The imported module is expected to define a global dictionary named 'functions'
+that maps function names to Python functions, as follows:
+
+  def my_fn(kconf, name, arg_1, arg_2, ...):
+      # kconf:
+      #   Kconfig instance
+      #
+      # name:
+      #   Name of the user-defined function ("my-fn"). Think argv[0].
+      #
+      # arg_1, arg_2, ...:
+      #   Arguments passed to the function from Kconfig (strings)
+      #
+      # Returns a string to be substituted as the result of calling the
+      # function
+      ...
+
+  def my_other_fn(kconf, name, arg_1, arg_2, ...):
+      ...
+
+  functions = {
+      "my-fn":       (my_fn,       <min.args>, <max.args>/None),
+      "my-other-fn": (my_other_fn, <min.args>, <max.args>/None),
+      ...
+  }
+
+  ...
+
+<min.args> and <max.args> are the minimum and maximum number of arguments
+expected by the function (excluding the implicit 'name' argument). If
+<max.args> is None, there is no upper limit to the number of arguments. Passing
+an invalid number of arguments will generate a KconfigError exception.
+
+Functions can access the current parsing location as kconf.filename/linenr.
+Accessing other fields of the Kconfig object is not safe. See the warning
+below.
+
+Keep in mind that for a variable defined like 'foo = $(fn)', 'fn' will be
+called only when 'foo' is expanded. If 'fn' uses the parsing location and the
+intent is to use the location of the assignment, you want 'foo := $(fn)'
+instead, which calls the function immediately.
+
+Once defined, user functions can be called from Kconfig in the same way as
+other preprocessor functions:
+
+    config FOO
+        ...
+        depends on $(my-fn,arg1,arg2)
+
+If my_fn() returns "n", this will result in
+
+    config FOO
+        ...
+        depends on n
+
+Warning
+*******
+
+User-defined preprocessor functions are called as they're encountered at parse
+time, before all Kconfig files have been processed, and before the menu tree
+has been finalized. There are no guarantees that accessing Kconfig symbols or
+the menu tree via the 'kconf' parameter will work, and it could potentially
+lead to a crash.
+
+Preferably, user-defined functions should be stateless.
+
+
+Feedback
+========
+
+Send bug reports, suggestions, and questions to ulfalizer a.t Google's email
+service, or open a ticket on the GitHub page.
+"""
+import errno
+import importlib
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+# Get rid of some attribute lookups. These are obvious in context.
+from glob import iglob
+from os.path import dirname, exists, expandvars, islink, join, realpath
+
+
+VERSION = (14, 1, 0)
+
+
+# File layout:
+#
+# Public classes
+# Public functions
+# Internal functions
+# Global constants
+
+# Line length: 79 columns
+
+
+#
+# Public classes
+#
+
+
+class Kconfig(object):
+    """
+    Represents a Kconfig configuration, e.g. for x86 or ARM. This is the set of
+    symbols, choices, and menu nodes appearing in the configuration. Creating
+    any number of Kconfig objects (including for different architectures) is
+    safe. Kconfiglib doesn't keep any global state.
+
+    The following attributes are available. They should be treated as
+    read-only, and some are implemented through @property magic.
+
+    syms:
+      A dictionary with all symbols in the configuration, indexed by name. Also
+      includes all symbols that are referenced in expressions but never
+      defined, except for constant (quoted) symbols.
+
+      Undefined symbols can be recognized by Symbol.nodes being empty -- see
+      the 'Intro to the menu tree' section in the module docstring.
+
+    const_syms:
+      A dictionary like 'syms' for constant (quoted) symbols
+
+    named_choices:
+      A dictionary like 'syms' for named choices (choice FOO)
+
+    defined_syms:
+      A list with all defined symbols, in the same order as they appear in the
+      Kconfig files. Symbols defined in multiple locations appear multiple
+      times.
+
+      Note: You probably want to use 'unique_defined_syms' instead. This
+      attribute is mostly maintained for backwards compatibility.
+
+    unique_defined_syms:
+      A list like 'defined_syms', but with duplicates removed. Just the first
+      instance is kept for symbols defined in multiple locations. Kconfig order
+      is preserved otherwise.
+
+      Using this attribute instead of 'defined_syms' can save work, and
+      automatically gives reasonable behavior when writing configuration output
+      (symbols defined in multiple locations only generate output once, while
+      still preserving Kconfig order for readability).
+
+    choices:
+      A list with all choices, in the same order as they appear in the Kconfig
+      files.
+
+      Note: You probably want to use 'unique_choices' instead. This attribute
+      is mostly maintained for backwards compatibility.
+
+    unique_choices:
+      Analogous to 'unique_defined_syms', for choices. Named choices can have
+      multiple definition locations.
+
+    menus:
+      A list with all menus, in the same order as they appear in the Kconfig
+      files
+
+    comments:
+      A list with all comments, in the same order as they appear in the Kconfig
+      files
+
+    kconfig_filenames:
+      A list with the filenames of all Kconfig files included in the
+      configuration, relative to $srctree (or relative to the current directory
+      if $srctree isn't set), except absolute paths (e.g.
+      'source "/foo/Kconfig"') are kept as-is.
+
+      The files are listed in the order they are source'd, starting with the
+      top-level Kconfig file. If a file is source'd multiple times, it will
+      appear multiple times. Use set() to get unique filenames.
+
+      Note that Kconfig.sync_deps() already indirectly catches any file
+      modifications that change configuration output.
+
+    env_vars:
+      A set() with the names of all environment variables referenced in the
+      Kconfig files.
+
+      Only environment variables referenced with the preprocessor $(FOO) syntax
+      will be registered. The older $FOO syntax is only supported for backwards
+      compatibility.
+
+      Also note that $(FOO) won't be registered unless the environment variable
+      $FOO is actually set. If it isn't, $(FOO) is an expansion of an unset
+      preprocessor variable (which gives the empty string).
+
+      Another gotcha is that environment variables referenced in the values of
+      recursively expanded preprocessor variables (those defined with =) will
+      only be registered if the variable is actually used (expanded) somewhere.
+
+      The note from the 'kconfig_filenames' documentation applies here too.
+
+    n/m/y:
+      The predefined constant symbols n/m/y. Also available in const_syms.
+
+    modules:
+      The Symbol instance for the modules symbol. Currently hardcoded to
+      MODULES, which is backwards compatible. Kconfiglib will warn if
+      'option modules' is set on some other symbol. Tell me if you need proper
+      'option modules' support.
+
+      'modules' is never None. If the MODULES symbol is not explicitly defined,
+      its tri_value will be 0 (n), as expected.
+
+      A simple way to enable modules is to do 'kconf.modules.set_value(2)'
+      (provided the MODULES symbol is defined and visible). Modules are
+      disabled by default in the kernel Kconfig files as of writing, though
+      nearly all defconfig files enable them (with 'CONFIG_MODULES=y').
+
+    defconfig_list:
+      The Symbol instance for the 'option defconfig_list' symbol, or None if no
+      defconfig_list symbol exists. The defconfig filename derived from this
+      symbol can be found in Kconfig.defconfig_filename.
+
+    defconfig_filename:
+      The filename given by the defconfig_list symbol. This is taken from the
+      first 'default' with a satisfied condition where the specified file
+      exists (can be opened for reading). If a defconfig file foo/defconfig is
+      not found and $srctree was set when the Kconfig was created,
+      $srctree/foo/defconfig is looked up as well.
+
+      'defconfig_filename' is None if either no defconfig_list symbol exists,
+      or if the defconfig_list symbol has no 'default' with a satisfied
+      condition that specifies a file that exists.
+
+      Gotcha: scripts/kconfig/Makefile might pass --defconfig=<defconfig> to
+      scripts/kconfig/conf when running e.g. 'make defconfig'. This option
+      overrides the defconfig_list symbol, meaning defconfig_filename might not
+      always match what 'make defconfig' would use.
+
+    top_node:
+      The menu node (see the MenuNode class) of the implicit top-level menu.
+      Acts as the root of the menu tree.
+
+    mainmenu_text:
+      The prompt (title) of the top menu (top_node). Defaults to "Main menu".
+      Can be changed with the 'mainmenu' statement (see kconfig-language.txt).
+
+    variables:
+      A dictionary with all preprocessor variables, indexed by name. See the
+      Variable class.
+
+    warn:
+      Set this variable to True/False to enable/disable warnings. See
+      Kconfig.__init__().
+
+      When 'warn' is False, the values of the other warning-related variables
+      are ignored.
+
+      This variable as well as the other warn* variables can be read to check
+      the current warning settings.
+
+    warn_to_stderr:
+      Set this variable to True/False to enable/disable warnings on stderr. See
+      Kconfig.__init__().
+
+    warn_assign_undef:
+      Set this variable to True to generate warnings for assignments to
+      undefined symbols in configuration files.
+
+      This variable is False by default unless the KCONFIG_WARN_UNDEF_ASSIGN
+      environment variable was set to 'y' when the Kconfig instance was
+      created.
+
+    warn_assign_override:
+      Set this variable to True to generate warnings for multiple assignments
+      to the same symbol in configuration files, where the assignments set
+      different values (e.g. CONFIG_FOO=m followed by CONFIG_FOO=y, where the
+      last value would get used).
+
+      This variable is True by default. Disabling it might be useful when
+      merging configurations.
+
+    warn_assign_redun:
+      Like warn_assign_override, but for multiple assignments setting a symbol
+      to the same value.
+
+      This variable is True by default. Disabling it might be useful when
+      merging configurations.
+
+    warnings:
+      A list of strings containing all warnings that have been generated, for
+      cases where more flexibility is needed.
+
+      See the 'warn_to_stderr' parameter to Kconfig.__init__() and the
+      Kconfig.warn_to_stderr variable as well. Note that warnings still get
+      added to Kconfig.warnings when 'warn_to_stderr' is True.
+
+      Just as for warnings printed to stderr, only warnings that are enabled
+      will get added to Kconfig.warnings. See the various Kconfig.warn*
+      variables.
+
+    missing_syms:
+      A list with (name, value) tuples for all assignments to undefined symbols
+      within the most recently loaded .config file(s). 'name' is the symbol
+      name without the 'CONFIG_' prefix. 'value' is a string that gives the
+      right-hand side of the assignment verbatim.
+
+      See Kconfig.load_config() as well.
+
+    srctree:
+      The value the $srctree environment variable had when the Kconfig instance
+      was created, or the empty string if $srctree wasn't set. This gives nice
+      behavior with os.path.join(), which treats "" as the current directory,
+      without adding "./".
+
+      Kconfig files are looked up relative to $srctree (unless absolute paths
+      are used), and .config files are looked up relative to $srctree if they
+      are not found in the current directory. This is used to support
+      out-of-tree builds. The C tools use this environment variable in the same
+      way.
+
+      Changing $srctree after creating the Kconfig instance has no effect. Only
+      the value when the configuration is loaded matters. This avoids surprises
+      if multiple configurations are loaded with different values for $srctree.
+
+    config_prefix:
+      The value the CONFIG_ environment variable had when the Kconfig instance
+      was created, or "CONFIG_" if CONFIG_ wasn't set. This is the prefix used
+      (and expected) on symbol names in .config files and C headers. Used in
+      the same way in the C tools.
+
+    config_header:
+      The value the KCONFIG_CONFIG_HEADER environment variable had when the
+      Kconfig instance was created, or the empty string if
+      KCONFIG_CONFIG_HEADER wasn't set. This string is inserted verbatim at the
+      beginning of configuration files. See write_config().
+
+    header_header:
+      The value the KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER_HEADER environment variable had when the
+      Kconfig instance was created, or the empty string if
+      KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER_HEADER wasn't set. This string is inserted verbatim at
+      the beginning of header files. See write_autoconf().
+
+    filename/linenr:
+      The current parsing location, for use in Python preprocessor functions.
+      See the module docstring.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_encoding",
+        "_functions",
+        "_set_match",
+        "_srctree_prefix",
+        "_unset_match",
+        "_warn_assign_no_prompt",
+        "choices",
+        "comments",
+        "config_header",
+        "config_prefix",
+        "const_syms",
+        "defconfig_list",
+        "defined_syms",
+        "env_vars",
+        "header_header",
+        "kconfig_filenames",
+        "m",
+        "menus",
+        "missing_syms",
+        "modules",
+        "n",
+        "named_choices",
+        "srctree",
+        "syms",
+        "top_node",
+        "unique_choices",
+        "unique_defined_syms",
+        "variables",
+        "warn",
+        "warn_assign_override",
+        "warn_assign_redun",
+        "warn_assign_undef",
+        "warn_to_stderr",
+        "warnings",
+        "y",
+        # Parsing-related
+        "_parsing_kconfigs",
+        "_readline",
+        "filename",
+        "linenr",
+        "_include_path",
+        "_filestack",
+        "_line",
+        "_tokens",
+        "_tokens_i",
+        "_reuse_tokens",
+    )
+
+    #
+    # Public interface
+    #
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        filename="Kconfig",
+        warn=True,
+        warn_to_stderr=True,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+        suppress_traceback=False,
+    ):
+        """
+        Creates a new Kconfig object by parsing Kconfig files.
+        Note that Kconfig files are not the same as .config files (which store
+        configuration symbol values).
+
+        See the module docstring for some environment variables that influence
+        default warning settings (KCONFIG_WARN_UNDEF and
+        KCONFIG_WARN_UNDEF_ASSIGN).
+
+        Raises KconfigError on syntax/semantic errors, and OSError or (possibly
+        a subclass of) IOError on IO errors ('errno', 'strerror', and
+        'filename' are available). Note that IOError is an alias for OSError on
+        Python 3, so it's enough to catch OSError there. If you need Python 2/3
+        compatibility, it's easiest to catch EnvironmentError, which is a
+        common base class of OSError/IOError on Python 2 and an alias for
+        OSError on Python 3.
+
+        filename (default: "Kconfig"):
+          The Kconfig file to load. For the Linux kernel, you'll want "Kconfig"
+          from the top-level directory, as environment variables will make sure
+          the right Kconfig is included from there (arch/$SRCARCH/Kconfig as of
+          writing).
+
+          If $srctree is set, 'filename' will be looked up relative to it.
+          $srctree is also used to look up source'd files within Kconfig files.
+          See the class documentation.
+
+          If you are using Kconfiglib via 'make scriptconfig', the filename of
+          the base base Kconfig file will be in sys.argv[1]. It's currently
+          always "Kconfig" in practice.
+
+        warn (default: True):
+          True if warnings related to this configuration should be generated.
+          This can be changed later by setting Kconfig.warn to True/False. It
+          is provided as a constructor argument since warnings might be
+          generated during parsing.
+
+          See the other Kconfig.warn_* variables as well, which enable or
+          suppress certain warnings when warnings are enabled.
+
+          All generated warnings are added to the Kconfig.warnings list. See
+          the class documentation.
+
+        warn_to_stderr (default: True):
+          True if warnings should be printed to stderr in addition to being
+          added to Kconfig.warnings.
+
+          This can be changed later by setting Kconfig.warn_to_stderr to
+          True/False.
+
+        encoding (default: "utf-8"):
+          The encoding to use when reading and writing files, and when decoding
+          output from commands run via $(shell). If None, the encoding
+          specified in the current locale will be used.
+
+          The "utf-8" default avoids exceptions on systems that are configured
+          to use the C locale, which implies an ASCII encoding.
+
+          This parameter has no effect on Python 2, due to implementation
+          issues (regular strings turning into Unicode strings, which are
+          distinct in Python 2). Python 2 doesn't decode regular strings
+          anyway.
+
+          Related PEP: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0538/
+
+        suppress_traceback (default: False):
+          Helper for tools. When True, any EnvironmentError or KconfigError
+          generated during parsing is caught, the exception message is printed
+          to stderr together with the command name, and sys.exit(1) is called
+          (which generates SystemExit).
+
+          This hides the Python traceback for "expected" errors like syntax
+          errors in Kconfig files.
+
+          Other exceptions besides EnvironmentError and KconfigError are still
+          propagated when suppress_traceback is True.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._init(filename, warn, warn_to_stderr, encoding)
+        except (EnvironmentError, KconfigError) as e:
+            if suppress_traceback:
+                cmd = sys.argv[0]  # Empty string if missing
+                if cmd:
+                    cmd += ": "
+                # Some long exception messages have extra newlines for better
+                # formatting when reported as an unhandled exception. Strip
+                # them here.
+                sys.exit(cmd + str(e).strip())
+            raise
+
+    def _init(self, filename, warn, warn_to_stderr, encoding):
+        # See __init__()
+
+        self._encoding = encoding
+
+        self.srctree = os.getenv("srctree", "")
+        # A prefix we can reliably strip from glob() results to get a filename
+        # relative to $srctree. relpath() can cause issues for symlinks,
+        # because it assumes symlink/../foo is the same as foo/.
+        self._srctree_prefix = realpath(self.srctree) + os.sep
+
+        self.warn = warn
+        self.warn_to_stderr = warn_to_stderr
+        self.warn_assign_undef = os.getenv("KCONFIG_WARN_UNDEF_ASSIGN") == "y"
+        self.warn_assign_override = True
+        self.warn_assign_redun = True
+        self._warn_assign_no_prompt = True
+
+        self.warnings = []
+
+        self.config_prefix = os.getenv("CONFIG_", "CONFIG_")
+        # Regular expressions for parsing .config files
+        self._set_match = _re_match(self.config_prefix + r"([^=]+)=(.*)")
+        self._unset_match = _re_match(r"# {}([^ ]+) is not set".format(self.config_prefix))
+
+        self.config_header = os.getenv("KCONFIG_CONFIG_HEADER", "")
+        self.header_header = os.getenv("KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER_HEADER", "")
+
+        self.syms = {}
+        self.const_syms = {}
+        self.defined_syms = []
+        self.missing_syms = []
+        self.named_choices = {}
+        self.choices = []
+        self.menus = []
+        self.comments = []
+
+        for nmy in "n", "m", "y":
+            sym = Symbol()
+            sym.kconfig = self
+            sym.name = nmy
+            sym.is_constant = True
+            sym.orig_type = TRISTATE
+            sym._cached_tri_val = STR_TO_TRI[nmy]
+
+            self.const_syms[nmy] = sym
+
+        self.n = self.const_syms["n"]
+        self.m = self.const_syms["m"]
+        self.y = self.const_syms["y"]
+
+        # Make n/m/y well-formed symbols
+        for nmy in "n", "m", "y":
+            sym = self.const_syms[nmy]
+            sym.rev_dep = sym.weak_rev_dep = sym.direct_dep = self.n
+
+        # Maps preprocessor variables names to Variable instances
+        self.variables = {}
+
+        # Predefined preprocessor functions, with min/max number of arguments
+        self._functions = {
+            "info": (_info_fn, 1, 1),
+            "error-if": (_error_if_fn, 2, 2),
+            "filename": (_filename_fn, 0, 0),
+            "lineno": (_lineno_fn, 0, 0),
+            "shell": (_shell_fn, 1, 1),
+            "warning-if": (_warning_if_fn, 2, 2),
+        }
+
+        # Add any user-defined preprocessor functions
+        try:
+            self._functions.update(
+                importlib.import_module(
+                    os.getenv("KCONFIG_FUNCTIONS", "kconfigfunctions")
+                ).functions
+            )
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+
+        # This determines whether previously unseen symbols are registered.
+        # They shouldn't be if we parse expressions after parsing, as part of
+        # Kconfig.eval_string().
+        self._parsing_kconfigs = True
+
+        self.modules = self._lookup_sym("MODULES")
+        self.defconfig_list = None
+
+        self.top_node = MenuNode()
+        self.top_node.kconfig = self
+        self.top_node.item = MENU
+        self.top_node.is_menuconfig = True
+        self.top_node.visibility = self.y
+        self.top_node.prompt = ("Configuration", self.y)
+        self.top_node.parent = None
+        self.top_node.dep = self.y
+        self.top_node.filename = filename
+        self.top_node.linenr = 1
+        self.top_node.include_path = ()
+
+        # Parse the Kconfig files
+
+        # Not used internally. Provided as a convenience.
+        self.kconfig_filenames = [filename]
+        self.env_vars = set()
+
+        # Keeps track of the location in the parent Kconfig files. Kconfig
+        # files usually source other Kconfig files. See _enter_file().
+        self._filestack = []
+        self._include_path = ()
+
+        # The current parsing location
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.linenr = 0
+
+        # Used to avoid retokenizing lines when we discover that they're not
+        # part of the construct currently being parsed. This is kinda like an
+        # unget operation.
+        self._reuse_tokens = False
+
+        # Open the top-level Kconfig file. Store the readline() method directly
+        # as a small optimization.
+        self._readline = self._open(join(self.srctree, filename), "r").readline
+
+        try:
+            # Parse the Kconfig files. Returns the last node, which we
+            # terminate with '.next = None'.
+            self._parse_block(None, self.top_node, self.top_node).next = None
+            self.top_node.list = self.top_node.next
+            self.top_node.next = None
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+            _decoding_error(e, self.filename)
+
+        # Close the top-level Kconfig file. __self__ fetches the 'file' object
+        # for the method.
+        self._readline.__self__.close()
+
+        self._parsing_kconfigs = False
+
+        # Do various menu tree post-processing
+        self._finalize_node(self.top_node, self.y)
+
+        self.unique_defined_syms = _ordered_unique(self.defined_syms)
+        self.unique_choices = _ordered_unique(self.choices)
+
+        # Do sanity checks. Some of these depend on everything being finalized.
+        self._check_sym_sanity()
+        self._check_choice_sanity()
+
+        # KCONFIG_STRICT is an older alias for KCONFIG_WARN_UNDEF, supported
+        # for backwards compatibility
+        if os.getenv("KCONFIG_WARN_UNDEF") == "y" or os.getenv("KCONFIG_STRICT") == "y":
+
+            self._check_undef_syms()
+
+        # Build Symbol._dependents for all symbols and choices
+        self._build_dep()
+
+        # Check for dependency loops
+        check_dep_loop_sym = _check_dep_loop_sym  # Micro-optimization
+        for sym in self.unique_defined_syms:
+            check_dep_loop_sym(sym, False)
+
+        # Add extra dependencies from choices to choice symbols that get
+        # awkward during dependency loop detection
+        self._add_choice_deps()
+
+    @property
+    def mainmenu_text(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return self.top_node.prompt[0]
+
+    @property
+    def defconfig_filename(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        if self.defconfig_list:
+            for filename, cond in self.defconfig_list.defaults:
+                if expr_value(cond):
+                    try:
+                        with self._open_config(filename.str_value) as f:
+                            return f.name
+                    except EnvironmentError:
+                        continue
+
+        return None
+
+    def load_config(self, filename=None, replace=True, verbose=None):
+        """
+        Loads symbol values from a file in the .config format. Equivalent to
+        calling Symbol.set_value() to set each of the values.
+
+        "# CONFIG_FOO is not set" within a .config file sets the user value of
+        FOO to n. The C tools work the same way.
+
+        For each symbol, the Symbol.user_value attribute holds the value the
+        symbol was assigned in the .config file (if any). The user value might
+        differ from Symbol.str/tri_value if there are unsatisfied dependencies.
+
+        Calling this function also updates the Kconfig.missing_syms attribute
+        with a list of all assignments to undefined symbols within the
+        configuration file. Kconfig.missing_syms is cleared if 'replace' is
+        True, and appended to otherwise. See the documentation for
+        Kconfig.missing_syms as well.
+
+        See the Kconfig.__init__() docstring for raised exceptions
+        (OSError/IOError). KconfigError is never raised here.
+
+        filename (default: None):
+          Path to load configuration from (a string). Respects $srctree if set
+          (see the class documentation).
+
+          If 'filename' is None (the default), the configuration file to load
+          (if any) is calculated automatically, giving the behavior you'd
+          usually want:
+
+            1. If the KCONFIG_CONFIG environment variable is set, it gives the
+               path to the configuration file to load. Otherwise, ".config" is
+               used. See standard_config_filename().
+
+            2. If the path from (1.) doesn't exist, the configuration file
+               given by kconf.defconfig_filename is loaded instead, which is
+               derived from the 'option defconfig_list' symbol.
+
+            3. If (1.) and (2.) fail to find a configuration file to load, no
+               configuration file is loaded, and symbols retain their current
+               values (e.g., their default values). This is not an error.
+
+           See the return value as well.
+
+        replace (default: True):
+          If True, all existing user values will be cleared before loading the
+          .config. Pass False to merge configurations.
+
+        verbose (default: None):
+          Limited backwards compatibility to prevent crashes. A warning is
+          printed if anything but None is passed.
+
+          Prior to Kconfiglib 12.0.0, this option enabled printing of messages
+          to stdout when 'filename' was None. A message is (always) returned
+          now instead, which is more flexible.
+
+          Will probably be removed in some future version.
+
+        Returns a string with a message saying which file got loaded (or
+        possibly that no file got loaded, when 'filename' is None). This is
+        meant to reduce boilerplate in tools, which can do e.g.
+        print(kconf.load_config()). The returned message distinguishes between
+        loading (replace == True) and merging (replace == False).
+        """
+        if verbose is not None:
+            _warn_verbose_deprecated("load_config")
+
+        msg = None
+        if filename is None:
+            filename = standard_config_filename()
+            if not exists(filename) and not exists(join(self.srctree, filename)):
+                defconfig = self.defconfig_filename
+                if defconfig is None:
+                    return "Using default symbol values (no '{}')".format(filename)
+
+                msg = " default configuration '{}' (no '{}')".format(defconfig, filename)
+                filename = defconfig
+
+        if not msg:
+            msg = " configuration '{}'".format(filename)
+
+        # Disable the warning about assigning to symbols without prompts. This
+        # is normal and expected within a .config file.
+        self._warn_assign_no_prompt = False
+
+        # This stub only exists to make sure _warn_assign_no_prompt gets
+        # reenabled
+        try:
+            self._load_config(filename, replace)
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+            _decoding_error(e, filename)
+        finally:
+            self._warn_assign_no_prompt = True
+
+        return ("Loaded" if replace else "Merged") + msg
+
+    def _load_config(self, filename, replace):
+        with self._open_config(filename) as f:
+            if replace:
+                self.missing_syms = []
+
+                # If we're replacing the configuration, keep track of which
+                # symbols and choices got set so that we can unset the rest
+                # later. This avoids invalidating everything and is faster.
+                # Another benefit is that invalidation must be rock solid for
+                # it to work, making it a good test.
+
+                for sym in self.unique_defined_syms:
+                    sym._was_set = False
+
+                for choice in self.unique_choices:
+                    choice._was_set = False
+
+            # Small optimizations
+            set_match = self._set_match
+            unset_match = self._unset_match
+            get_sym = self.syms.get
+
+            for linenr, line in enumerate(f, 1):
+                # The C tools ignore trailing whitespace
+                line = line.rstrip()
+
+                match = set_match(line)
+                if match:
+                    name, val = match.groups()
+                    sym = get_sym(name)
+                    if not sym or not sym.nodes:
+                        self._undef_assign(name, val, filename, linenr)
+                        continue
+
+                    if sym.orig_type in _BOOL_TRISTATE:
+                        # The C implementation only checks the first character
+                        # to the right of '=', for whatever reason
+                        if not (
+                            sym.orig_type is BOOL
+                            and val.startswith(("y", "n"))
+                            or sym.orig_type is TRISTATE
+                            and val.startswith(("y", "m", "n"))
+                        ):
+                            self._warn(
+                                "'{}' is not a valid value for the {} "
+                                "symbol {}. Assignment ignored.".format(
+                                    val, TYPE_TO_STR[sym.orig_type], sym.name_and_loc
+                                ),
+                                filename,
+                                linenr,
+                            )
+                            continue
+
+                        val = val[0]
+
+                        if sym.choice and val != "n":
+                            # During .config loading, we infer the mode of the
+                            # choice from the kind of values that are assigned
+                            # to the choice symbols
+
+                            prev_mode = sym.choice.user_value
+                            if prev_mode is not None and TRI_TO_STR[prev_mode] != val:
+
+                                self._warn(
+                                    "both m and y assigned to symbols " "within the same choice",
+                                    filename,
+                                    linenr,
+                                )
+
+                            # Set the choice's mode
+                            sym.choice.set_value(val)
+
+                    elif sym.orig_type is STRING:
+                        match = _conf_string_match(val)
+                        if not match:
+                            self._warn(
+                                "malformed string literal in "
+                                "assignment to {}. Assignment ignored.".format(sym.name_and_loc),
+                                filename,
+                                linenr,
+                            )
+                            continue
+
+                        val = unescape(match.group(1))
+
+                else:
+                    match = unset_match(line)
+                    if not match:
+                        # Print a warning for lines that match neither
+                        # set_match() nor unset_match() and that are not blank
+                        # lines or comments. 'line' has already been
+                        # rstrip()'d, so blank lines show up as "" here.
+                        if line and not line.lstrip().startswith("#"):
+                            self._warn(
+                                "ignoring malformed line '{}'".format(line), filename, linenr
+                            )
+
+                        continue
+
+                    name = match.group(1)
+                    sym = get_sym(name)
+                    if not sym or not sym.nodes:
+                        self._undef_assign(name, "n", filename, linenr)
+                        continue
+
+                    if sym.orig_type not in _BOOL_TRISTATE:
+                        continue
+
+                    val = "n"
+
+                # Done parsing the assignment. Set the value.
+
+                if sym._was_set:
+                    self._assigned_twice(sym, val, filename, linenr)
+
+                sym.set_value(val)
+
+        if replace:
+            # If we're replacing the configuration, unset the symbols that
+            # didn't get set
+
+            for sym in self.unique_defined_syms:
+                if not sym._was_set:
+                    sym.unset_value()
+
+            for choice in self.unique_choices:
+                if not choice._was_set:
+                    choice.unset_value()
+
+    def _undef_assign(self, name, val, filename, linenr):
+        # Called for assignments to undefined symbols during .config loading
+
+        self.missing_syms.append((name, val))
+        if self.warn_assign_undef:
+            self._warn(
+                "attempt to assign the value '{}' to the undefined symbol {}".format(val, name),
+                filename,
+                linenr,
+            )
+
+    def _assigned_twice(self, sym, new_val, filename, linenr):
+        # Called when a symbol is assigned more than once in a .config file
+
+        # Use strings for bool/tristate user values in the warning
+        if sym.orig_type in _BOOL_TRISTATE:
+            user_val = TRI_TO_STR[sym.user_value]
+        else:
+            user_val = sym.user_value
+
+        msg = '{} set more than once. Old value "{}", new value "{}".'.format(
+            sym.name_and_loc, user_val, new_val
+        )
+
+        if user_val == new_val:
+            if self.warn_assign_redun:
+                self._warn(msg, filename, linenr)
+        elif self.warn_assign_override:
+            self._warn(msg, filename, linenr)
+
+    def load_allconfig(self, filename):
+        """
+        Helper for all*config. Loads (merges) the configuration file specified
+        by KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG, if any. See Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt in
+        the Linux kernel.
+
+        Disables warnings for duplicated assignments within configuration files
+        for the duration of the call
+        (kconf.warn_assign_override/warn_assign_redun = False), and restores
+        the previous warning settings at the end. The KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG
+        configuration file is expected to override symbols.
+
+        Exits with sys.exit() (which raises a SystemExit exception) and prints
+        an error to stderr if KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG is set but the configuration
+        file can't be opened.
+
+        filename:
+          Command-specific configuration filename - "allyes.config",
+          "allno.config", etc.
+        """
+        load_allconfig(self, filename)
+
+    def write_autoconf(self, filename=None, header=None):
+        r"""
+        Writes out symbol values as a C header file, matching the format used
+        by include/generated/autoconf.h in the kernel.
+
+        The ordering of the #defines matches the one generated by
+        write_config(). The order in the C implementation depends on the hash
+        table implementation as of writing, and so won't match.
+
+        If 'filename' exists and its contents is identical to what would get
+        written out, it is left untouched. This avoids updating file metadata
+        like the modification time and possibly triggering redundant work in
+        build tools.
+
+        filename (default: None):
+          Path to write header to.
+
+          If None (the default), the path in the environment variable
+          KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER is used if set, and "include/generated/autoconf.h"
+          otherwise. This is compatible with the C tools.
+
+        header (default: None):
+          Text inserted verbatim at the beginning of the file. You would
+          usually want it enclosed in '/* */' to make it a C comment, and
+          include a trailing newline.
+
+          If None (the default), the value of the environment variable
+          KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER_HEADER had when the Kconfig instance was created
+          will be used if it was set, and no header otherwise. See the
+          Kconfig.header_header attribute.
+
+        Returns a string with a message saying that the header got saved, or
+        that there were no changes to it. This is meant to reduce boilerplate
+        in tools, which can do e.g. print(kconf.write_autoconf()).
+        """
+        if filename is None:
+            filename = os.getenv("KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER", "include/generated/autoconf.h")
+
+        if self._write_if_changed(filename, self._autoconf_contents(header)):
+            return "Kconfig header saved to '{}'".format(filename)
+        return "No change to Kconfig header in '{}'".format(filename)
+
+    def _autoconf_contents(self, header):
+        # write_autoconf() helper. Returns the contents to write as a string,
+        # with 'header' or KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER_HEADER at the beginning.
+
+        if header is None:
+            header = self.header_header
+
+        chunks = [header]  # "".join()ed later
+        add = chunks.append
+
+        for sym in self.unique_defined_syms:
+            # _write_to_conf is determined when the value is calculated. This
+            # is a hidden function call due to property magic.
+            #
+            # Note: In client code, you can check if sym.config_string is empty
+            # instead, to avoid accessing the internal _write_to_conf variable
+            # (though it's likely to keep working).
+            val = sym.str_value
+            if not sym._write_to_conf:
+                continue
+
+            if sym.orig_type in _BOOL_TRISTATE:
+                if val == "y":
+                    add("#define {}{} 1\n".format(self.config_prefix, sym.name))
+                elif val == "m":
+                    add("#define {}{}_MODULE 1\n".format(self.config_prefix, sym.name))
+
+            elif sym.orig_type is STRING:
+                add('#define {}{} "{}"\n'.format(self.config_prefix, sym.name, escape(val)))
+
+            else:  # sym.orig_type in _INT_HEX:
+                if sym.orig_type is HEX and not val.startswith(("0x", "0X")):
+                    val = "0x" + val
+
+                add("#define {}{} {}\n".format(self.config_prefix, sym.name, val))
+
+        return "".join(chunks)
+
+    def write_config(self, filename=None, header=None, save_old=True, verbose=None):
+        r"""
+        Writes out symbol values in the .config format. The format matches the
+        C implementation, including ordering.
+
+        Symbols appear in the same order in generated .config files as they do
+        in the Kconfig files. For symbols defined in multiple locations, a
+        single assignment is written out corresponding to the first location
+        where the symbol is defined.
+
+        See the 'Intro to symbol values' section in the module docstring to
+        understand which symbols get written out.
+
+        If 'filename' exists and its contents is identical to what would get
+        written out, it is left untouched. This avoids updating file metadata
+        like the modification time and possibly triggering redundant work in
+        build tools.
+
+        See the Kconfig.__init__() docstring for raised exceptions
+        (OSError/IOError). KconfigError is never raised here.
+
+        filename (default: None):
+          Path to write configuration to (a string).
+
+          If None (the default), the path in the environment variable
+          KCONFIG_CONFIG is used if set, and ".config" otherwise. See
+          standard_config_filename().
+
+        header (default: None):
+          Text inserted verbatim at the beginning of the file. You would
+          usually want each line to start with '#' to make it a comment, and
+          include a trailing newline.
+
+          if None (the default), the value of the environment variable
+          KCONFIG_CONFIG_HEADER had when the Kconfig instance was created will
+          be used if it was set, and no header otherwise. See the
+          Kconfig.config_header attribute.
+
+        save_old (default: True):
+          If True and <filename> already exists, a copy of it will be saved to
+          <filename>.old in the same directory before the new configuration is
+          written.
+
+          Errors are silently ignored if <filename>.old cannot be written (e.g.
+          due to being a directory, or <filename> being something like
+          /dev/null).
+
+        verbose (default: None):
+          Limited backwards compatibility to prevent crashes. A warning is
+          printed if anything but None is passed.
+
+          Prior to Kconfiglib 12.0.0, this option enabled printing of messages
+          to stdout when 'filename' was None. A message is (always) returned
+          now instead, which is more flexible.
+
+          Will probably be removed in some future version.
+
+        Returns a string with a message saying which file got saved. This is
+        meant to reduce boilerplate in tools, which can do e.g.
+        print(kconf.write_config()).
+        """
+        if verbose is not None:
+            _warn_verbose_deprecated("write_config")
+
+        if filename is None:
+            filename = standard_config_filename()
+
+        contents = self._config_contents(header)
+        if self._contents_eq(filename, contents):
+            return "No change to configuration in '{}'".format(filename)
+
+        if save_old:
+            _save_old(filename)
+
+        with self._open(filename, "w") as f:
+            f.write(contents)
+
+        return "Configuration saved to '{}'".format(filename)
+
+    def _config_contents(self, header):
+        # write_config() helper. Returns the contents to write as a string,
+        # with 'header' or KCONFIG_CONFIG_HEADER at the beginning.
+        #
+        # More memory friendly would be to 'yield' the strings and
+        # "".join(_config_contents()), but it was a bit slower on my system.
+
+        # node_iter() was used here before commit 3aea9f7 ("Add '# end of
+        # <menu>' after menus in .config"). Those comments get tricky to
+        # implement with it.
+
+        for sym in self.unique_defined_syms:
+            sym._visited = False
+
+        if header is None:
+            header = self.config_header
+
+        chunks = [header]  # "".join()ed later
+        add = chunks.append
+
+        # Did we just print an '# end of ...' comment?
+        after_end_comment = False
+
+        node = self.top_node
+        while 1:
+            # Jump to the next node with an iterative tree walk
+            if node.list:
+                node = node.list
+            elif node.next:
+                node = node.next
+            else:
+                while node.parent:
+                    node = node.parent
+
+                    # Add a comment when leaving visible menus
+                    if (
+                        node.item is MENU
+                        and expr_value(node.dep)
+                        and expr_value(node.visibility)
+                        and node is not self.top_node
+                    ):
+                        add("# end of {}\n".format(node.prompt[0]))
+                        after_end_comment = True
+
+                    if node.next:
+                        node = node.next
+                        break
+                else:
+                    # No more nodes
+                    return "".join(chunks)
+
+            # Generate configuration output for the node
+
+            item = node.item
+
+            if item.__class__ is Symbol:
+                if item._visited:
+                    continue
+                item._visited = True
+
+                conf_string = item.config_string
+                if not conf_string:
+                    continue
+
+                if after_end_comment:
+                    # Add a blank line before the first symbol printed after an
+                    # '# end of ...' comment
+                    after_end_comment = False
+                    add("\n")
+                add(conf_string)
+
+            elif expr_value(node.dep) and (
+                (item is MENU and expr_value(node.visibility)) or item is COMMENT
+            ):
+
+                add("\n#\n# {}\n#\n".format(node.prompt[0]))
+                after_end_comment = False
+
+    def write_min_config(self, filename, header=None):
+        """
+        Writes out a "minimal" configuration file, omitting symbols whose value
+        matches their default value. The format matches the one produced by
+        'make savedefconfig'.
+
+        The resulting configuration file is incomplete, but a complete
+        configuration can be derived from it by loading it. Minimal
+        configuration files can serve as a more manageable configuration format
+        compared to a "full" .config file, especially when configurations files
+        are merged or edited by hand.
+
+        See the Kconfig.__init__() docstring for raised exceptions
+        (OSError/IOError). KconfigError is never raised here.
+
+        filename:
+          Path to write minimal configuration to.
+
+        header (default: None):
+          Text inserted verbatim at the beginning of the file. You would
+          usually want each line to start with '#' to make it a comment, and
+          include a final terminating newline.
+
+          if None (the default), the value of the environment variable
+          KCONFIG_CONFIG_HEADER had when the Kconfig instance was created will
+          be used if it was set, and no header otherwise. See the
+          Kconfig.config_header attribute.
+
+        Returns a string with a message saying the minimal configuration got
+        saved, or that there were no changes to it. This is meant to reduce
+        boilerplate in tools, which can do e.g.
+        print(kconf.write_min_config()).
+        """
+        if self._write_if_changed(filename, self._min_config_contents(header)):
+            return "Minimal configuration saved to '{}'".format(filename)
+        return "No change to minimal configuration in '{}'".format(filename)
+
+    def _min_config_contents(self, header):
+        # write_min_config() helper. Returns the contents to write as a string,
+        # with 'header' or KCONFIG_CONFIG_HEADER at the beginning.
+
+        if header is None:
+            header = self.config_header
+
+        chunks = [header]  # "".join()ed later
+        add = chunks.append
+
+        for sym in self.unique_defined_syms:
+            # Skip symbols that cannot be changed. Only check
+            # non-choice symbols, as selects don't affect choice
+            # symbols.
+            if not sym.choice and sym.visibility <= expr_value(sym.rev_dep):
+                continue
+
+            # Skip symbols whose value matches their default
+            if sym.str_value == sym._str_default():
+                continue
+
+            # Skip symbols that would be selected by default in a
+            # choice, unless the choice is optional or the symbol type
+            # isn't bool (it might be possible to set the choice mode
+            # to n or the symbol to m in those cases).
+            if (
+                sym.choice
+                and not sym.choice.is_optional
+                and sym.choice._selection_from_defaults() is sym
+                and sym.orig_type is BOOL
+                and sym.tri_value == 2
+            ):
+                continue
+
+            add(sym.config_string)
+
+        return "".join(chunks)
+
+    def sync_deps(self, path):
+        """
+        Creates or updates a directory structure that can be used to avoid
+        doing a full rebuild whenever the configuration is changed, mirroring
+        include/config/ in the kernel.
+
+        This function is intended to be called during each build, before
+        compiling source files that depend on configuration symbols.
+
+        See the Kconfig.__init__() docstring for raised exceptions
+        (OSError/IOError). KconfigError is never raised here.
+
+        path:
+          Path to directory
+
+        sync_deps(path) does the following:
+
+          1. If the directory <path> does not exist, it is created.
+
+          2. If <path>/auto.conf exists, old symbol values are loaded from it,
+             which are then compared against the current symbol values. If a
+             symbol has changed value (would generate different output in
+             autoconf.h compared to before), the change is signaled by
+             touch'ing a file corresponding to the symbol.
+
+             The first time sync_deps() is run on a directory, <path>/auto.conf
+             won't exist, and no old symbol values will be available. This
+             logically has the same effect as updating the entire
+             configuration.
+
+             The path to a symbol's file is calculated from the symbol's name
+             by replacing all '_' with '/' and appending '.h'. For example, the
+             symbol FOO_BAR_BAZ gets the file <path>/foo/bar/baz.h, and FOO
+             gets the file <path>/foo.h.
+
+             This scheme matches the C tools. The point is to avoid having a
+             single directory with a huge number of files, which the underlying
+             filesystem might not handle well.
+
+          3. A new auto.conf with the current symbol values is written, to keep
+             track of them for the next build.
+
+             If auto.conf exists and its contents is identical to what would
+             get written out, it is left untouched. This avoids updating file
+             metadata like the modification time and possibly triggering
+             redundant work in build tools.
+
+
+        The last piece of the puzzle is knowing what symbols each source file
+        depends on. Knowing that, dependencies can be added from source files
+        to the files corresponding to the symbols they depends on. The source
+        file will then get recompiled (only) when the symbol value changes
+        (provided sync_deps() is run first during each build).
+
+        The tool in the kernel that extracts symbol dependencies from source
+        files is scripts/basic/fixdep.c. Missing symbol files also correspond
+        to "not changed", which fixdep deals with by using the $(wildcard) Make
+        function when adding symbol prerequisites to source files.
+
+        In case you need a different scheme for your project, the sync_deps()
+        implementation can be used as a template.
+        """
+        if not exists(path):
+            os.mkdir(path, 0o755)
+
+        # Load old values from auto.conf, if any
+        self._load_old_vals(path)
+
+        for sym in self.unique_defined_syms:
+            # _write_to_conf is determined when the value is calculated. This
+            # is a hidden function call due to property magic.
+            #
+            # Note: In client code, you can check if sym.config_string is empty
+            # instead, to avoid accessing the internal _write_to_conf variable
+            # (though it's likely to keep working).
+            val = sym.str_value
+
+            # n tristate values do not get written to auto.conf and autoconf.h,
+            # making a missing symbol logically equivalent to n
+
+            if sym._write_to_conf:
+                if sym._old_val is None and sym.orig_type in _BOOL_TRISTATE and val == "n":
+                    # No old value (the symbol was missing or n), new value n.
+                    # No change.
+                    continue
+
+                if val == sym._old_val:
+                    # New value matches old. No change.
+                    continue
+
+            elif sym._old_val is None:
+                # The symbol wouldn't appear in autoconf.h (because
+                # _write_to_conf is false), and it wouldn't have appeared in
+                # autoconf.h previously either (because it didn't appear in
+                # auto.conf). No change.
+                continue
+
+            # 'sym' has a new value. Flag it.
+            _touch_dep_file(path, sym.name)
+
+        # Remember the current values as the "new old" values.
+        #
+        # This call could go anywhere after the call to _load_old_vals(), but
+        # putting it last means _sync_deps() can be safely rerun if it fails
+        # before this point.
+        self._write_old_vals(path)
+
+    def _load_old_vals(self, path):
+        # Loads old symbol values from auto.conf into a dedicated
+        # Symbol._old_val field. Mirrors load_config().
+        #
+        # The extra field could be avoided with some trickery involving dumping
+        # symbol values and restoring them later, but this is simpler and
+        # faster. The C tools also use a dedicated field for this purpose.
+
+        for sym in self.unique_defined_syms:
+            sym._old_val = None
+
+        try:
+            auto_conf = self._open(join(path, "auto.conf"), "r")
+        except EnvironmentError as e:
+            if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
+                # No old values
+                return
+            raise
+
+        with auto_conf as f:
+            for line in f:
+                match = self._set_match(line)
+                if not match:
+                    # We only expect CONFIG_FOO=... (and possibly a header
+                    # comment) in auto.conf
+                    continue
+
+                name, val = match.groups()
+                if name in self.syms:
+                    sym = self.syms[name]
+
+                    if sym.orig_type is STRING:
+                        match = _conf_string_match(val)
+                        if not match:
+                            continue
+                        val = unescape(match.group(1))
+
+                    self.syms[name]._old_val = val
+                else:
+                    # Flag that the symbol no longer exists, in
+                    # case something still depends on it
+                    _touch_dep_file(path, name)
+
+    def _write_old_vals(self, path):
+        # Helper for writing auto.conf. Basically just a simplified
+        # write_config() that doesn't write any comments (including
+        # '# CONFIG_FOO is not set' comments). The format matches the C
+        # implementation, though the ordering is arbitrary there (depends on
+        # the hash table implementation).
+        #
+        # A separate helper function is neater than complicating write_config()
+        # by passing a flag to it, plus we only need to look at symbols here.
+
+        self._write_if_changed(os.path.join(path, "auto.conf"), self._old_vals_contents())
+
+    def _old_vals_contents(self):
+        # _write_old_vals() helper. Returns the contents to write as a string.
+
+        # Temporary list instead of generator makes this a bit faster
+        return "".join(
+            [
+                sym.config_string
+                for sym in self.unique_defined_syms
+                if not (sym.orig_type in _BOOL_TRISTATE and not sym.tri_value)
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def node_iter(self, unique_syms=False):
+        """
+        Returns a generator for iterating through all MenuNode's in the Kconfig
+        tree. The iteration is done in Kconfig definition order (each node is
+        visited before its children, and the children of a node are visited
+        before the next node).
+
+        The Kconfig.top_node menu node is skipped. It contains an implicit menu
+        that holds the top-level items.
+
+        As an example, the following code will produce a list equal to
+        Kconfig.defined_syms:
+
+          defined_syms = [node.item for node in kconf.node_iter()
+                          if isinstance(node.item, Symbol)]
+
+        unique_syms (default: False):
+          If True, only the first MenuNode will be included for symbols defined
+          in multiple locations.
+
+          Using kconf.node_iter(True) in the example above would give a list
+          equal to unique_defined_syms.
+        """
+        if unique_syms:
+            for sym in self.unique_defined_syms:
+                sym._visited = False
+
+        node = self.top_node
+        while 1:
+            # Jump to the next node with an iterative tree walk
+            if node.list:
+                node = node.list
+            elif node.next:
+                node = node.next
+            else:
+                while node.parent:
+                    node = node.parent
+                    if node.next:
+                        node = node.next
+                        break
+                else:
+                    # No more nodes
+                    return
+
+            if unique_syms and node.item.__class__ is Symbol:
+                if node.item._visited:
+                    continue
+                node.item._visited = True
+
+            yield node
+
+    def eval_string(self, s):
+        """
+        Returns the tristate value of the expression 's', represented as 0, 1,
+        and 2 for n, m, and y, respectively. Raises KconfigError on syntax
+        errors. Warns if undefined symbols are referenced.
+
+        As an example, if FOO and BAR are tristate symbols at least one of
+        which has the value y, then eval_string("y && (FOO || BAR)") returns
+        2 (y).
+
+        To get the string value of non-bool/tristate symbols, use
+        Symbol.str_value. eval_string() always returns a tristate value, and
+        all non-bool/tristate symbols have the tristate value 0 (n).
+
+        The expression parsing is consistent with how parsing works for
+        conditional ('if ...') expressions in the configuration, and matches
+        the C implementation. m is rewritten to 'm && MODULES', so
+        eval_string("m") will return 0 (n) unless modules are enabled.
+        """
+        # The parser is optimized to be fast when parsing Kconfig files (where
+        # an expression can never appear at the beginning of a line). We have
+        # to monkey-patch things a bit here to reuse it.
+
+        self.filename = None
+
+        self._tokens = self._tokenize("if " + s)
+        # Strip "if " to avoid giving confusing error messages
+        self._line = s
+        self._tokens_i = 1  # Skip the 'if' token
+
+        return expr_value(self._expect_expr_and_eol())
+
+    def unset_values(self):
+        """
+        Removes any user values from all symbols, as if Kconfig.load_config()
+        or Symbol.set_value() had never been called.
+        """
+        self._warn_assign_no_prompt = False
+        try:
+            # set_value() already rejects undefined symbols, and they don't
+            # need to be invalidated (because their value never changes), so we
+            # can just iterate over defined symbols
+            for sym in self.unique_defined_syms:
+                sym.unset_value()
+
+            for choice in self.unique_choices:
+                choice.unset_value()
+        finally:
+            self._warn_assign_no_prompt = True
+
+    def enable_warnings(self):
+        """
+        Do 'Kconfig.warn = True' instead. Maintained for backwards
+        compatibility.
+        """
+        self.warn = True
+
+    def disable_warnings(self):
+        """
+        Do 'Kconfig.warn = False' instead. Maintained for backwards
+        compatibility.
+        """
+        self.warn = False
+
+    def enable_stderr_warnings(self):
+        """
+        Do 'Kconfig.warn_to_stderr = True' instead. Maintained for backwards
+        compatibility.
+        """
+        self.warn_to_stderr = True
+
+    def disable_stderr_warnings(self):
+        """
+        Do 'Kconfig.warn_to_stderr = False' instead. Maintained for backwards
+        compatibility.
+        """
+        self.warn_to_stderr = False
+
+    def enable_undef_warnings(self):
+        """
+        Do 'Kconfig.warn_assign_undef = True' instead. Maintained for backwards
+        compatibility.
+        """
+        self.warn_assign_undef = True
+
+    def disable_undef_warnings(self):
+        """
+        Do 'Kconfig.warn_assign_undef = False' instead. Maintained for
+        backwards compatibility.
+        """
+        self.warn_assign_undef = False
+
+    def enable_override_warnings(self):
+        """
+        Do 'Kconfig.warn_assign_override = True' instead. Maintained for
+        backwards compatibility.
+        """
+        self.warn_assign_override = True
+
+    def disable_override_warnings(self):
+        """
+        Do 'Kconfig.warn_assign_override = False' instead. Maintained for
+        backwards compatibility.
+        """
+        self.warn_assign_override = False
+
+    def enable_redun_warnings(self):
+        """
+        Do 'Kconfig.warn_assign_redun = True' instead. Maintained for backwards
+        compatibility.
+        """
+        self.warn_assign_redun = True
+
+    def disable_redun_warnings(self):
+        """
+        Do 'Kconfig.warn_assign_redun = False' instead. Maintained for
+        backwards compatibility.
+        """
+        self.warn_assign_redun = False
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Returns a string with information about the Kconfig object when it is
+        evaluated on e.g. the interactive Python prompt.
+        """
+
+        def status(flag):
+            return "enabled" if flag else "disabled"
+
+        return "<{}>".format(
+            ", ".join(
+                (
+                    "configuration with {} symbols".format(len(self.syms)),
+                    'main menu prompt "{}"'.format(self.mainmenu_text),
+                    "srctree is current directory"
+                    if not self.srctree
+                    else 'srctree "{}"'.format(self.srctree),
+                    'config symbol prefix "{}"'.format(self.config_prefix),
+                    "warnings " + status(self.warn),
+                    "printing of warnings to stderr " + status(self.warn_to_stderr),
+                    "undef. symbol assignment warnings " + status(self.warn_assign_undef),
+                    "overriding symbol assignment warnings " + status(self.warn_assign_override),
+                    "redundant symbol assignment warnings " + status(self.warn_assign_redun),
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    #
+    # Private methods
+    #
+
+    #
+    # File reading
+    #
+
+    def _open_config(self, filename):
+        # Opens a .config file. First tries to open 'filename', then
+        # '$srctree/filename' if $srctree was set when the configuration was
+        # loaded.
+
+        try:
+            return self._open(filename, "r")
+        except EnvironmentError as e:
+            # This will try opening the same file twice if $srctree is unset,
+            # but it's not a big deal
+            try:
+                return self._open(join(self.srctree, filename), "r")
+            except EnvironmentError as e2:
+                # This is needed for Python 3, because e2 is deleted after
+                # the try block:
+                #
+                # https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#the-try-statement
+                e = e2
+
+            raise _KconfigIOError(
+                e,
+                "Could not open '{}' ({}: {}). Check that the $srctree "
+                "environment variable ({}) is set correctly.".format(
+                    filename,
+                    errno.errorcode[e.errno],
+                    e.strerror,
+                    "set to '{}'".format(self.srctree) if self.srctree else "unset or blank",
+                ),
+            )
+
+    def _enter_file(self, filename):
+        # Jumps to the beginning of a sourced Kconfig file, saving the previous
+        # position and file object.
+        #
+        # filename:
+        #   Absolute path to file
+
+        # Path relative to $srctree, stored in e.g. self.filename (which makes
+        # it indirectly show up in MenuNode.filename). Equals 'filename' for
+        # absolute paths passed to 'source'.
+        if filename.startswith(self._srctree_prefix):
+            # Relative path (or a redundant absolute path to within $srctree,
+            # but it's probably fine to reduce those too)
+            rel_filename = filename[len(self._srctree_prefix) :]
+        else:
+            # Absolute path
+            rel_filename = filename
+
+        self.kconfig_filenames.append(rel_filename)
+
+        # The parent Kconfig files are represented as a list of
+        # (<include path>, <Python 'file' object for Kconfig file>) tuples.
+        #
+        # <include path> is immutable and holds a *tuple* of
+        # (<filename>, <linenr>) tuples, giving the locations of the 'source'
+        # statements in the parent Kconfig files. The current include path is
+        # also available in Kconfig._include_path.
+        #
+        # The point of this redundant setup is to allow Kconfig._include_path
+        # to be assigned directly to MenuNode.include_path without having to
+        # copy it, sharing it wherever possible.
+
+        # Save include path and 'file' object (via its 'readline' function)
+        # before entering the file
+        self._filestack.append((self._include_path, self._readline))
+
+        # _include_path is a tuple, so this rebinds the variable instead of
+        # doing in-place modification
+        self._include_path += ((self.filename, self.linenr),)
+
+        # Check for recursive 'source'
+        for name, _ in self._include_path:
+            if name == rel_filename:
+                raise KconfigError(
+                    "\n{}:{}: recursive 'source' of '{}' detected. Check that "
+                    "environment variables are set correctly.\n"
+                    "Include path:\n{}".format(
+                        self.filename,
+                        self.linenr,
+                        rel_filename,
+                        "\n".join(
+                            "{}:{}".format(name, linenr) for name, linenr in self._include_path
+                        ),
+                    )
+                )
+
+        try:
+            self._readline = self._open(filename, "r").readline
+        except EnvironmentError as e:
+            # We already know that the file exists
+            raise _KconfigIOError(
+                e,
+                "{}:{}: Could not open '{}' (in '{}') ({}: {})".format(
+                    self.filename,
+                    self.linenr,
+                    filename,
+                    self._line.strip(),
+                    errno.errorcode[e.errno],
+                    e.strerror,
+                ),
+            )
+
+        self.filename = rel_filename
+        self.linenr = 0
+
+    def _leave_file(self):
+        # Returns from a Kconfig file to the file that sourced it. See
+        # _enter_file().
+
+        # Restore location from parent Kconfig file
+        self.filename, self.linenr = self._include_path[-1]
+        # Restore include path and 'file' object
+        self._readline.__self__.close()  # __self__ fetches the 'file' object
+        self._include_path, self._readline = self._filestack.pop()
+
+    def _next_line(self):
+        # Fetches and tokenizes the next line from the current Kconfig file.
+        # Returns False at EOF and True otherwise.
+
+        # We might already have tokens from parsing a line and discovering that
+        # it's part of a different construct
+        if self._reuse_tokens:
+            self._reuse_tokens = False
+            # self._tokens_i is known to be 1 here, because _parse_props()
+            # leaves it like that when it can't recognize a line (or parses a
+            # help text)
+            return True
+
+        # readline() returns '' over and over at EOF, which we rely on for help
+        # texts at the end of files (see _line_after_help())
+        line = self._readline()
+        if not line:
+            return False
+        self.linenr += 1
+
+        # Handle line joining
+        while line.endswith("\\\n"):
+            line = line[:-2] + self._readline()
+            self.linenr += 1
+
+        self._tokens = self._tokenize(line)
+        # Initialize to 1 instead of 0 to factor out code from _parse_block()
+        # and _parse_props(). They immediately fetch self._tokens[0].
+        self._tokens_i = 1
+
+        return True
+
+    def _line_after_help(self, line):
+        # Tokenizes a line after a help text. This case is special in that the
+        # line has already been fetched (to discover that it isn't part of the
+        # help text).
+        #
+        # An earlier version used a _saved_line variable instead that was
+        # checked in _next_line(). This special-casing gets rid of it and makes
+        # _reuse_tokens alone sufficient to handle unget.
+
+        # Handle line joining
+        while line.endswith("\\\n"):
+            line = line[:-2] + self._readline()
+            self.linenr += 1
+
+        self._tokens = self._tokenize(line)
+        self._reuse_tokens = True
+
+    def _write_if_changed(self, filename, contents):
+        # Writes 'contents' into 'filename', but only if it differs from the
+        # current contents of the file.
+        #
+        # Another variant would be write a temporary file on the same
+        # filesystem, compare the files, and rename() the temporary file if it
+        # differs, but it breaks stuff like write_config("/dev/null"), which is
+        # used out there to force evaluation-related warnings to be generated.
+        # This simple version is pretty failsafe and portable.
+        #
+        # Returns True if the file has changed and is updated, and False
+        # otherwise.
+
+        if self._contents_eq(filename, contents):
+            return False
+        with self._open(filename, "w") as f:
+            f.write(contents)
+        return True
+
+    def _contents_eq(self, filename, contents):
+        # Returns True if the contents of 'filename' is 'contents' (a string),
+        # and False otherwise (including if 'filename' can't be opened/read)
+
+        try:
+            with self._open(filename, "r") as f:
+                # Robust re. things like encoding and line endings (mmap()
+                # trickery isn't)
+                return f.read(len(contents) + 1) == contents
+        except EnvironmentError:
+            # If the error here would prevent writing the file as well, we'll
+            # notice it later
+            return False
+
+    #
+    # Tokenization
+    #
+
+    def _lookup_sym(self, name):
+        # Fetches the symbol 'name' from the symbol table, creating and
+        # registering it if it does not exist. If '_parsing_kconfigs' is False,
+        # it means we're in eval_string(), and new symbols won't be registered.
+
+        if name in self.syms:
+            return self.syms[name]
+
+        sym = Symbol()
+        sym.kconfig = self
+        sym.name = name
+        sym.is_constant = False
+        sym.rev_dep = sym.weak_rev_dep = sym.direct_dep = self.n
+
+        if self._parsing_kconfigs:
+            self.syms[name] = sym
+        else:
+            self._warn("no symbol {} in configuration".format(name))
+
+        return sym
+
+    def _lookup_const_sym(self, name):
+        # Like _lookup_sym(), for constant (quoted) symbols
+
+        if name in self.const_syms:
+            return self.const_syms[name]
+
+        sym = Symbol()
+        sym.kconfig = self
+        sym.name = name
+        sym.is_constant = True
+        sym.rev_dep = sym.weak_rev_dep = sym.direct_dep = self.n
+
+        if self._parsing_kconfigs:
+            self.const_syms[name] = sym
+
+        return sym
+
+    def _tokenize(self, s):
+        # Parses 's', returning a None-terminated list of tokens. Registers any
+        # new symbols encountered with _lookup(_const)_sym().
+        #
+        # Tries to be reasonably speedy by processing chunks of text via
+        # regexes and string operations where possible. This is the biggest
+        # hotspot during parsing.
+        #
+        # It might be possible to rewrite this to 'yield' tokens instead,
+        # working across multiple lines. Lookback and compatibility with old
+        # janky versions of the C tools complicate things though.
+
+        self._line = s  # Used for error reporting
+
+        # Initial token on the line
+        match = _command_match(s)
+        if not match:
+            if s.isspace() or s.lstrip().startswith("#"):
+                return (None,)
+            self._parse_error("unknown token at start of line")
+
+        # Tricky implementation detail: While parsing a token, 'token' refers
+        # to the previous token. See _STRING_LEX for why this is needed.
+        token = _get_keyword(match.group(1))
+        if not token:
+            # Backwards compatibility with old versions of the C tools, which
+            # (accidentally) accepted stuff like "--help--" and "-help---".
+            # This was fixed in the C tools by commit c2264564 ("kconfig: warn
+            # of unhandled characters in Kconfig commands"), committed in July
+            # 2015, but it seems people still run Kconfiglib on older kernels.
+            if s.strip(" \t\n-") == "help":
+                return (_T_HELP, None)
+
+            # If the first token is not a keyword (and not a weird help token),
+            # we have a preprocessor variable assignment (or a bare macro on a
+            # line)
+            self._parse_assignment(s)
+            return (None,)
+
+        tokens = [token]
+        # The current index in the string being tokenized
+        i = match.end()
+
+        # Main tokenization loop (for tokens past the first one)
+        while i < len(s):
+            # Test for an identifier/keyword first. This is the most common
+            # case.
+            match = _id_keyword_match(s, i)
+            if match:
+                # We have an identifier or keyword
+
+                # Check what it is. lookup_sym() will take care of allocating
+                # new symbols for us the first time we see them. Note that
+                # 'token' still refers to the previous token.
+
+                name = match.group(1)
+                keyword = _get_keyword(name)
+                if keyword:
+                    # It's a keyword
+                    token = keyword
+                    # Jump past it
+                    i = match.end()
+
+                elif token not in _STRING_LEX:
+                    # It's a non-const symbol, except we translate n, m, and y
+                    # into the corresponding constant symbols, like the C
+                    # implementation
+
+                    if "$" in name:
+                        # Macro expansion within symbol name
+                        name, s, i = self._expand_name(s, i)
+                    else:
+                        i = match.end()
+
+                    token = self.const_syms[name] if name in STR_TO_TRI else self._lookup_sym(name)
+
+                else:
+                    # It's a case of missing quotes. For example, the
+                    # following is accepted:
+                    #
+                    #   menu unquoted_title
+                    #
+                    #   config A
+                    #       tristate unquoted_prompt
+                    #
+                    #   endmenu
+                    #
+                    # Named choices ('choice FOO') also end up here.
+
+                    if token is not _T_CHOICE:
+                        self._warn(
+                            "style: quotes recommended around '{}' in '{}'".format(
+                                name, self._line.strip()
+                            ),
+                            self.filename,
+                            self.linenr,
+                        )
+
+                    token = name
+                    i = match.end()
+
+            else:
+                # Neither a keyword nor a non-const symbol
+
+                # We always strip whitespace after tokens, so it is safe to
+                # assume that s[i] is the start of a token here.
+                c = s[i]
+
+                if c in "\"'":
+                    if "$" not in s and "\\" not in s:
+                        # Fast path for lines without $ and \. Find the
+                        # matching quote.
+                        end_i = s.find(c, i + 1) + 1
+                        if not end_i:
+                            self._parse_error("unterminated string")
+                        val = s[i + 1 : end_i - 1]
+                        i = end_i
+                    else:
+                        # Slow path
+                        s, end_i = self._expand_str(s, i)
+
+                        # os.path.expandvars() and the $UNAME_RELEASE replace()
+                        # is a backwards compatibility hack, which should be
+                        # reasonably safe as expandvars() leaves references to
+                        # undefined env. vars. as is.
+                        #
+                        # The preprocessor functionality changed how
+                        # environment variables are referenced, to $(FOO).
+                        val = expandvars(
+                            s[i + 1 : end_i - 1].replace("$UNAME_RELEASE", _UNAME_RELEASE)
+                        )
+
+                        i = end_i
+
+                    # This is the only place where we don't survive with a
+                    # single token of lookback: 'option env="FOO"' does not
+                    # refer to a constant symbol named "FOO".
+                    token = (
+                        val
+                        if token in _STRING_LEX or tokens[0] is _T_OPTION
+                        else self._lookup_const_sym(val)
+                    )
+
+                elif s.startswith("&&", i):
+                    token = _T_AND
+                    i += 2
+
+                elif s.startswith("||", i):
+                    token = _T_OR
+                    i += 2
+
+                elif c == "=":
+                    token = _T_EQUAL
+                    i += 1
+
+                elif s.startswith("!=", i):
+                    token = _T_UNEQUAL
+                    i += 2
+
+                elif c == "!":
+                    token = _T_NOT
+                    i += 1
+
+                elif c == "(":
+                    token = _T_OPEN_PAREN
+                    i += 1
+
+                elif c == ")":
+                    token = _T_CLOSE_PAREN
+                    i += 1
+
+                elif c == "#":
+                    break
+
+                # Very rare
+
+                elif s.startswith("<=", i):
+                    token = _T_LESS_EQUAL
+                    i += 2
+
+                elif c == "<":
+                    token = _T_LESS
+                    i += 1
+
+                elif s.startswith(">=", i):
+                    token = _T_GREATER_EQUAL
+                    i += 2
+
+                elif c == ">":
+                    token = _T_GREATER
+                    i += 1
+
+                else:
+                    self._parse_error("unknown tokens in line")
+
+                # Skip trailing whitespace
+                while i < len(s) and s[i].isspace():
+                    i += 1
+
+            # Add the token
+            tokens.append(token)
+
+        # None-terminating the token list makes token fetching simpler/faster
+        tokens.append(None)
+
+        return tokens
+
+    # Helpers for syntax checking and token fetching. See the
+    # 'Intro to expressions' section for what a constant symbol is.
+    #
+    # More of these could be added, but the single-use cases are inlined as an
+    # optimization.
+
+    def _expect_sym(self):
+        token = self._tokens[self._tokens_i]
+        self._tokens_i += 1
+
+        if token.__class__ is not Symbol:
+            self._parse_error("expected symbol")
+
+        return token
+
+    def _expect_nonconst_sym(self):
+        # Used for 'select' and 'imply' only. We know the token indices.
+
+        token = self._tokens[1]
+        self._tokens_i = 2
+
+        if token.__class__ is not Symbol or token.is_constant:
+            self._parse_error("expected nonconstant symbol")
+
+        return token
+
+    def _expect_str_and_eol(self):
+        token = self._tokens[self._tokens_i]
+        self._tokens_i += 1
+
+        if token.__class__ is not str:
+            self._parse_error("expected string")
+
+        if self._tokens[self._tokens_i] is not None:
+            self._trailing_tokens_error()
+
+        return token
+
+    def _expect_expr_and_eol(self):
+        expr = self._parse_expr(True)
+
+        if self._tokens[self._tokens_i] is not None:
+            self._trailing_tokens_error()
+
+        return expr
+
+    def _check_token(self, token):
+        # If the next token is 'token', removes it and returns True
+
+        if self._tokens[self._tokens_i] is token:
+            self._tokens_i += 1
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    #
+    # Preprocessor logic
+    #
+
+    def _parse_assignment(self, s):
+        # Parses a preprocessor variable assignment, registering the variable
+        # if it doesn't already exist. Also takes care of bare macros on lines
+        # (which are allowed, and can be useful for their side effects).
+
+        # Expand any macros in the left-hand side of the assignment (the
+        # variable name)
+        s = s.lstrip()
+        i = 0
+        while 1:
+            i = _assignment_lhs_fragment_match(s, i).end()
+            if s.startswith("$(", i):
+                s, i = self._expand_macro(s, i, ())
+            else:
+                break
+
+        if s.isspace():
+            # We also accept a bare macro on a line (e.g.
+            # $(warning-if,$(foo),ops)), provided it expands to a blank string
+            return
+
+        # Assigned variable
+        name = s[:i]
+
+        # Extract assignment operator (=, :=, or +=) and value
+        rhs_match = _assignment_rhs_match(s, i)
+        if not rhs_match:
+            self._parse_error("syntax error")
+
+        op, val = rhs_match.groups()
+
+        if name in self.variables:
+            # Already seen variable
+            var = self.variables[name]
+        else:
+            # New variable
+            var = Variable()
+            var.kconfig = self
+            var.name = name
+            var._n_expansions = 0
+            self.variables[name] = var
+
+            # += acts like = on undefined variables (defines a recursive
+            # variable)
+            if op == "+=":
+                op = "="
+
+        if op == "=":
+            var.is_recursive = True
+            var.value = val
+        elif op == ":=":
+            var.is_recursive = False
+            var.value = self._expand_whole(val, ())
+        else:  # op == "+="
+            # += does immediate expansion if the variable was last set
+            # with :=
+            var.value += " " + (val if var.is_recursive else self._expand_whole(val, ()))
+
+    def _expand_whole(self, s, args):
+        # Expands preprocessor macros in all of 's'. Used whenever we don't
+        # have to worry about delimiters. See _expand_macro() re. the 'args'
+        # parameter.
+        #
+        # Returns the expanded string.
+
+        i = 0
+        while 1:
+            i = s.find("$(", i)
+            if i == -1:
+                break
+            s, i = self._expand_macro(s, i, args)
+        return s
+
+    def _expand_name(self, s, i):
+        # Expands a symbol name starting at index 'i' in 's'.
+        #
+        # Returns the expanded name, the expanded 's' (including the part
+        # before the name), and the index of the first character in the next
+        # token after the name.
+
+        s, end_i = self._expand_name_iter(s, i)
+        name = s[i:end_i]
+        # isspace() is False for empty strings
+        if not name.strip():
+            # Avoid creating a Kconfig symbol with a blank name. It's almost
+            # guaranteed to be an error.
+            self._parse_error("macro expanded to blank string")
+
+        # Skip trailing whitespace
+        while end_i < len(s) and s[end_i].isspace():
+            end_i += 1
+
+        return name, s, end_i
+
+    def _expand_name_iter(self, s, i):
+        # Expands a symbol name starting at index 'i' in 's'.
+        #
+        # Returns the expanded 's' (including the part before the name) and the
+        # index of the first character after the expanded name in 's'.
+
+        while 1:
+            match = _name_special_search(s, i)
+
+            if match.group() != "$(":
+                return (s, match.start())
+            s, i = self._expand_macro(s, match.start(), ())
+
+    def _expand_str(self, s, i):
+        # Expands a quoted string starting at index 'i' in 's'. Handles both
+        # backslash escapes and macro expansion.
+        #
+        # Returns the expanded 's' (including the part before the string) and
+        # the index of the first character after the expanded string in 's'.
+
+        quote = s[i]
+        i += 1  # Skip over initial "/'
+        while 1:
+            match = _string_special_search(s, i)
+            if not match:
+                self._parse_error("unterminated string")
+
+            if match.group() == quote:
+                # Found the end of the string
+                return (s, match.end())
+
+            elif match.group() == "\\":
+                # Replace '\x' with 'x'. 'i' ends up pointing to the character
+                # after 'x', which allows macros to be canceled with '\$(foo)'.
+                i = match.end()
+                s = s[: match.start()] + s[i:]
+
+            elif match.group() == "$(":
+                # A macro call within the string
+                s, i = self._expand_macro(s, match.start(), ())
+
+            else:
+                # A ' quote within " quotes or vice versa
+                i += 1
+
+    def _expand_macro(self, s, i, args):
+        # Expands a macro starting at index 'i' in 's'. If this macro resulted
+        # from the expansion of another macro, 'args' holds the arguments
+        # passed to that macro.
+        #
+        # Returns the expanded 's' (including the part before the macro) and
+        # the index of the first character after the expanded macro in 's'.
+
+        res = s[:i]
+        i += 2  # Skip over "$("
+
+        arg_start = i  # Start of current macro argument
+        new_args = []  # Arguments of this macro call
+        nesting = 0  # Current parentheses nesting level
+
+        while 1:
+            match = _macro_special_search(s, i)
+            if not match:
+                self._parse_error("missing end parenthesis in macro expansion")
+
+            if match.group() == "(":
+                nesting += 1
+                i = match.end()
+
+            elif match.group() == ")":
+                if nesting:
+                    nesting -= 1
+                    i = match.end()
+                    continue
+
+                # Found the end of the macro
+
+                new_args.append(s[arg_start : match.start()])
+
+                # $(1) is replaced by the first argument to the function, etc.,
+                # provided at least that many arguments were passed
+
+                try:
+                    # Does the macro look like an integer, with a corresponding
+                    # argument? If so, expand it to the value of the argument.
+                    res += args[int(new_args[0])]
+                except (ValueError, IndexError):
+                    # Regular variables are just functions without arguments,
+                    # and also go through the function value path
+                    res += self._fn_val(new_args)
+
+                return (res + s[match.end() :], len(res))
+
+            elif match.group() == ",":
+                i = match.end()
+                if nesting:
+                    continue
+
+                # Found the end of a macro argument
+                new_args.append(s[arg_start : match.start()])
+                arg_start = i
+
+            else:  # match.group() == "$("
+                # A nested macro call within the macro
+                s, i = self._expand_macro(s, match.start(), args)
+
+    def _fn_val(self, args):
+        # Returns the result of calling the function args[0] with the arguments
+        # args[1..len(args)-1]. Plain variables are treated as functions
+        # without arguments.
+
+        fn = args[0]
+
+        if fn in self.variables:
+            var = self.variables[fn]
+
+            if len(args) == 1:
+                # Plain variable
+                if var._n_expansions:
+                    self._parse_error(
+                        "Preprocessor variable {} recursively " "references itself".format(var.name)
+                    )
+            elif var._n_expansions > 100:
+                # Allow functions to call themselves, but guess that functions
+                # that are overly recursive are stuck
+                self._parse_error(
+                    "Preprocessor function {} seems stuck " "in infinite recursion".format(var.name)
+                )
+
+            var._n_expansions += 1
+            res = self._expand_whole(self.variables[fn].value, args)
+            var._n_expansions -= 1
+            return res
+
+        if fn in self._functions:
+            # Built-in or user-defined function
+
+            py_fn, min_arg, max_arg = self._functions[fn]
+
+            if len(args) - 1 < min_arg or (max_arg is not None and len(args) - 1 > max_arg):
+
+                if min_arg == max_arg:
+                    expected_args = min_arg
+                elif max_arg is None:
+                    expected_args = "{} or more".format(min_arg)
+                else:
+                    expected_args = "{}-{}".format(min_arg, max_arg)
+
+                raise KconfigError(
+                    "{}:{}: bad number of arguments in call "
+                    "to {}, expected {}, got {}".format(
+                        self.filename, self.linenr, fn, expected_args, len(args) - 1
+                    )
+                )
+
+            return py_fn(self, *args)
+
+        # Environment variables are tried last
+        if fn in os.environ:
+            self.env_vars.add(fn)
+            return os.environ[fn]
+
+        return ""
+
+    #
+    # Parsing
+    #
+
+    def _make_and(self, e1, e2):
+        # Constructs an AND (&&) expression. Performs trivial simplification.
+
+        if e1 is self.y:
+            return e2
+
+        if e2 is self.y:
+            return e1
+
+        if e1 is self.n or e2 is self.n:
+            return self.n
+
+        return (AND, e1, e2)
+
+    def _make_or(self, e1, e2):
+        # Constructs an OR (||) expression. Performs trivial simplification.
+
+        if e1 is self.n:
+            return e2
+
+        if e2 is self.n:
+            return e1
+
+        if e1 is self.y or e2 is self.y:
+            return self.y
+
+        return (OR, e1, e2)
+
+    def _parse_block(self, end_token, parent, prev):
+        # Parses a block, which is the contents of either a file or an if,
+        # menu, or choice statement.
+        #
+        # end_token:
+        #   The token that ends the block, e.g. _T_ENDIF ("endif") for ifs.
+        #   None for files.
+        #
+        # parent:
+        #   The parent menu node, corresponding to a menu, Choice, or 'if'.
+        #   'if's are flattened after parsing.
+        #
+        # prev:
+        #   The previous menu node. New nodes will be added after this one (by
+        #   modifying 'next' pointers).
+        #
+        #   'prev' is reused to parse a list of child menu nodes (for a menu or
+        #   Choice): After parsing the children, the 'next' pointer is assigned
+        #   to the 'list' pointer to "tilt up" the children above the node.
+        #
+        # Returns the final menu node in the block (or 'prev' if the block is
+        # empty). This allows chaining.
+
+        while self._next_line():
+            t0 = self._tokens[0]
+
+            if t0 is _T_CONFIG or t0 is _T_MENUCONFIG:
+                # The tokenizer allocates Symbol objects for us
+                sym = self._tokens[1]
+
+                if sym.__class__ is not Symbol or sym.is_constant:
+                    self._parse_error("missing or bad symbol name")
+
+                if self._tokens[2] is not None:
+                    self._trailing_tokens_error()
+
+                self.defined_syms.append(sym)
+
+                node = MenuNode()
+                node.kconfig = self
+                node.item = sym
+                node.is_menuconfig = t0 is _T_MENUCONFIG
+                node.prompt = node.help = node.list = None
+                node.parent = parent
+                node.filename = self.filename
+                node.linenr = self.linenr
+                node.include_path = self._include_path
+
+                sym.nodes.append(node)
+
+                self._parse_props(node)
+
+                if node.is_menuconfig and not node.prompt:
+                    self._warn("the menuconfig symbol {} has no prompt".format(sym.name_and_loc))
+
+                # Equivalent to
+                #
+                #   prev.next = node
+                #   prev = node
+                #
+                # due to tricky Python semantics. The order matters.
+                prev.next = prev = node
+
+            elif t0 is None:
+                # Blank line
+                continue
+
+            elif t0 in _SOURCE_TOKENS:
+                pattern = self._expect_str_and_eol()
+
+                if t0 in _REL_SOURCE_TOKENS:
+                    # Relative source
+                    pattern = join(dirname(self.filename), pattern)
+
+                # - glob() doesn't support globbing relative to a directory, so
+                #   we need to prepend $srctree to 'pattern'. Use join()
+                #   instead of '+' so that an absolute path in 'pattern' is
+                #   preserved.
+                #
+                # - Sort the glob results to ensure a consistent ordering of
+                #   Kconfig symbols, which indirectly ensures a consistent
+                #   ordering in e.g. .config files
+                filenames = sorted(iglob(join(self._srctree_prefix, pattern)))
+
+                if not filenames and t0 in _OBL_SOURCE_TOKENS:
+                    raise KconfigError(
+                        "{}:{}: '{}' not found (in '{}'). Check that "
+                        "environment variables are set correctly (e.g. "
+                        "$srctree, which is {}). Also note that unset "
+                        "environment variables expand to the empty string.".format(
+                            self.filename,
+                            self.linenr,
+                            pattern,
+                            self._line.strip(),
+                            "set to '{}'".format(self.srctree)
+                            if self.srctree
+                            else "unset or blank",
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                for filename in filenames:
+                    self._enter_file(filename)
+                    prev = self._parse_block(None, parent, prev)
+                    self._leave_file()
+
+            elif t0 is end_token:
+                # Reached the end of the block. Terminate the final node and
+                # return it.
+
+                if self._tokens[1] is not None:
+                    self._trailing_tokens_error()
+
+                prev.next = None
+                return prev
+
+            elif t0 is _T_IF:
+                node = MenuNode()
+                node.item = node.prompt = None
+                node.parent = parent
+                node.dep = self._expect_expr_and_eol()
+
+                self._parse_block(_T_ENDIF, node, node)
+                node.list = node.next
+
+                prev.next = prev = node
+
+            elif t0 is _T_MENU:
+                node = MenuNode()
+                node.kconfig = self
+                node.item = t0  # _T_MENU == MENU
+                node.is_menuconfig = True
+                node.prompt = (self._expect_str_and_eol(), self.y)
+                node.visibility = self.y
+                node.parent = parent
+                node.filename = self.filename
+                node.linenr = self.linenr
+                node.include_path = self._include_path
+
+                self.menus.append(node)
+
+                self._parse_props(node)
+                self._parse_block(_T_ENDMENU, node, node)
+                node.list = node.next
+
+                prev.next = prev = node
+
+            elif t0 is _T_COMMENT:
+                node = MenuNode()
+                node.kconfig = self
+                node.item = t0  # _T_COMMENT == COMMENT
+                node.is_menuconfig = False
+                node.prompt = (self._expect_str_and_eol(), self.y)
+                node.list = None
+                node.parent = parent
+                node.filename = self.filename
+                node.linenr = self.linenr
+                node.include_path = self._include_path
+
+                self.comments.append(node)
+
+                self._parse_props(node)
+
+                prev.next = prev = node
+
+            elif t0 is _T_CHOICE:
+                if self._tokens[1] is None:
+                    choice = Choice()
+                    choice.direct_dep = self.n
+                else:
+                    # Named choice
+                    name = self._expect_str_and_eol()
+                    choice = self.named_choices.get(name)
+                    if not choice:
+                        choice = Choice()
+                        choice.name = name
+                        choice.direct_dep = self.n
+                        self.named_choices[name] = choice
+
+                self.choices.append(choice)
+
+                node = MenuNode()
+                node.kconfig = choice.kconfig = self
+                node.item = choice
+                node.is_menuconfig = True
+                node.prompt = node.help = None
+                node.parent = parent
+                node.filename = self.filename
+                node.linenr = self.linenr
+                node.include_path = self._include_path
+
+                choice.nodes.append(node)
+
+                self._parse_props(node)
+                self._parse_block(_T_ENDCHOICE, node, node)
+                node.list = node.next
+
+                prev.next = prev = node
+
+            elif t0 is _T_MAINMENU:
+                self.top_node.prompt = (self._expect_str_and_eol(), self.y)
+
+            else:
+                # A valid endchoice/endif/endmenu is caught by the 'end_token'
+                # check above
+                self._parse_error(
+                    "no corresponding 'choice'"
+                    if t0 is _T_ENDCHOICE
+                    else "no corresponding 'if'"
+                    if t0 is _T_ENDIF
+                    else "no corresponding 'menu'"
+                    if t0 is _T_ENDMENU
+                    else "unrecognized construct"
+                )
+
+        # End of file reached. Return the last node.
+
+        if end_token:
+            raise KconfigError(
+                "error: expected '{}' at end of '{}'".format(
+                    "endchoice"
+                    if end_token is _T_ENDCHOICE
+                    else "endif"
+                    if end_token is _T_ENDIF
+                    else "endmenu",
+                    self.filename,
+                )
+            )
+
+        return prev
+
+    def _parse_cond(self):
+        # Parses an optional 'if <expr>' construct and returns the parsed
+        # <expr>, or self.y if the next token is not _T_IF
+
+        expr = self._parse_expr(True) if self._check_token(_T_IF) else self.y
+
+        if self._tokens[self._tokens_i] is not None:
+            self._trailing_tokens_error()
+
+        return expr
+
+    def _parse_props(self, node):
+        # Parses and adds properties to the MenuNode 'node' (type, 'prompt',
+        # 'default's, etc.) Properties are later copied up to symbols and
+        # choices in a separate pass after parsing, in e.g.
+        # _add_props_to_sym().
+        #
+        # An older version of this code added properties directly to symbols
+        # and choices instead of to their menu nodes (and handled dependency
+        # propagation simultaneously), but that loses information on where a
+        # property is added when a symbol or choice is defined in multiple
+        # locations. Some Kconfig configuration systems rely heavily on such
+        # symbols, and better docs can be generated by keeping track of where
+        # properties are added.
+        #
+        # node:
+        #   The menu node we're parsing properties on
+
+        # Dependencies from 'depends on'. Will get propagated to the properties
+        # below.
+        node.dep = self.y
+
+        while self._next_line():
+            t0 = self._tokens[0]
+
+            if t0 in _TYPE_TOKENS:
+                # Relies on '_T_BOOL is BOOL', etc., to save a conversion
+                self._set_type(node.item, t0)
+                if self._tokens[1] is not None:
+                    self._parse_prompt(node)
+
+            elif t0 is _T_DEPENDS:
+                if not self._check_token(_T_ON):
+                    self._parse_error("expected 'on' after 'depends'")
+
+                node.dep = self._make_and(node.dep, self._expect_expr_and_eol())
+
+            elif t0 is _T_HELP:
+                self._parse_help(node)
+
+            elif t0 is _T_SELECT:
+                if node.item.__class__ is not Symbol:
+                    self._parse_error("only symbols can select")
+
+                node.selects.append((self._expect_nonconst_sym(), self._parse_cond()))
+
+            elif t0 is None:
+                # Blank line
+                continue
+
+            elif t0 is _T_DEFAULT:
+                node.defaults.append((self._parse_expr(False), self._parse_cond()))
+
+            elif t0 in _DEF_TOKEN_TO_TYPE:
+                self._set_type(node.item, _DEF_TOKEN_TO_TYPE[t0])
+                node.defaults.append((self._parse_expr(False), self._parse_cond()))
+
+            elif t0 is _T_PROMPT:
+                self._parse_prompt(node)
+
+            elif t0 is _T_RANGE:
+                node.ranges.append((self._expect_sym(), self._expect_sym(), self._parse_cond()))
+
+            elif t0 is _T_IMPLY:
+                if node.item.__class__ is not Symbol:
+                    self._parse_error("only symbols can imply")
+
+                node.implies.append((self._expect_nonconst_sym(), self._parse_cond()))
+
+            elif t0 is _T_VISIBLE:
+                if not self._check_token(_T_IF):
+                    self._parse_error("expected 'if' after 'visible'")
+
+                node.visibility = self._make_and(node.visibility, self._expect_expr_and_eol())
+
+            elif t0 is _T_OPTION:
+                if self._check_token(_T_ENV):
+                    if not self._check_token(_T_EQUAL):
+                        self._parse_error("expected '=' after 'env'")
+
+                    env_var = self._expect_str_and_eol()
+                    node.item.env_var = env_var
+
+                    if env_var in os.environ:
+                        node.defaults.append((self._lookup_const_sym(os.environ[env_var]), self.y))
+                    else:
+                        self._warn(
+                            "{1} has 'option env=\"{0}\"', "
+                            "but the environment variable {0} is not "
+                            "set".format(node.item.name, env_var),
+                            self.filename,
+                            self.linenr,
+                        )
+
+                    if env_var != node.item.name:
+                        self._warn(
+                            "Kconfiglib expands environment variables "
+                            "in strings directly, meaning you do not "
+                            "need 'option env=...' \"bounce\" symbols. "
+                            "For compatibility with the C tools, "
+                            "rename {} to {} (so that the symbol name "
+                            "matches the environment variable name).".format(
+                                node.item.name, env_var
+                            ),
+                            self.filename,
+                            self.linenr,
+                        )
+
+                elif self._check_token(_T_DEFCONFIG_LIST):
+                    if not self.defconfig_list:
+                        self.defconfig_list = node.item
+                    else:
+                        self._warn(
+                            "'option defconfig_list' set on multiple "
+                            "symbols ({0} and {1}). Only {0} will be "
+                            "used.".format(self.defconfig_list.name, node.item.name),
+                            self.filename,
+                            self.linenr,
+                        )
+
+                elif self._check_token(_T_MODULES):
+                    # To reduce warning spam, only warn if 'option modules' is
+                    # set on some symbol that isn't MODULES, which should be
+                    # safe. I haven't run into any projects that make use
+                    # modules besides the kernel yet, and there it's likely to
+                    # keep being called "MODULES".
+                    if node.item is not self.modules:
+                        self._warn(
+                            "the 'modules' option is not supported. "
+                            "Let me know if this is a problem for you, "
+                            "as it wouldn't be that hard to implement. "
+                            "Note that modules are supported -- "
+                            "Kconfiglib just assumes the symbol name "
+                            "MODULES, like older versions of the C "
+                            "implementation did when 'option modules' "
+                            "wasn't used.",
+                            self.filename,
+                            self.linenr,
+                        )
+
+                elif self._check_token(_T_ALLNOCONFIG_Y):
+                    if node.item.__class__ is not Symbol:
+                        self._parse_error("the 'allnoconfig_y' option is only " "valid for symbols")
+
+                    node.item.is_allnoconfig_y = True
+
+                else:
+                    self._parse_error("unrecognized option")
+
+            elif t0 is _T_OPTIONAL:
+                if node.item.__class__ is not Choice:
+                    self._parse_error('"optional" is only valid for choices')
+
+                node.item.is_optional = True
+
+            else:
+                # Reuse the tokens for the non-property line later
+                self._reuse_tokens = True
+                return
+
+    def _set_type(self, sc, new_type):
+        # Sets the type of 'sc' (symbol or choice) to 'new_type'
+
+        # UNKNOWN is falsy
+        if sc.orig_type and sc.orig_type is not new_type:
+            self._warn(
+                "{} defined with multiple types, {} will be used".format(
+                    sc.name_and_loc, TYPE_TO_STR[new_type]
+                )
+            )
+
+        sc.orig_type = new_type
+
+    def _parse_prompt(self, node):
+        # 'prompt' properties override each other within a single definition of
+        # a symbol, but additional prompts can be added by defining the symbol
+        # multiple times
+
+        if node.prompt:
+            self._warn(node.item.name_and_loc + " defined with multiple prompts in single location")
+
+        prompt = self._tokens[1]
+        self._tokens_i = 2
+
+        if prompt.__class__ is not str:
+            self._parse_error("expected prompt string")
+
+        if prompt != prompt.strip():
+            self._warn(node.item.name_and_loc + " has leading or trailing whitespace in its prompt")
+
+            # This avoid issues for e.g. reStructuredText documentation, where
+            # '*prompt *' is invalid
+            prompt = prompt.strip()
+
+        node.prompt = (prompt, self._parse_cond())
+
+    def _parse_help(self, node):
+        if node.help is not None:
+            self._warn(
+                node.item.name_and_loc + " defined with more than "
+                "one help text -- only the last one will be used"
+            )
+
+        # Micro-optimization. This code is pretty hot.
+        readline = self._readline
+
+        # Find first non-blank (not all-space) line and get its
+        # indentation
+
+        while 1:
+            line = readline()
+            self.linenr += 1
+            if not line:
+                self._empty_help(node, line)
+                return
+            if not line.isspace():
+                break
+
+        len_ = len  # Micro-optimization
+
+        # Use a separate 'expline' variable here and below to avoid stomping on
+        # any tabs people might've put deliberately into the first line after
+        # the help text
+        expline = line.expandtabs()
+        indent = len_(expline) - len_(expline.lstrip())
+        if not indent:
+            self._empty_help(node, line)
+            return
+
+        # The help text goes on till the first non-blank line with less indent
+        # than the first line
+
+        # Add the first line
+        lines = [expline[indent:]]
+        add_line = lines.append  # Micro-optimization
+
+        while 1:
+            line = readline()
+            if line.isspace():
+                # No need to preserve the exact whitespace in these
+                add_line("\n")
+            elif not line:
+                # End of file
+                break
+            else:
+                expline = line.expandtabs()
+                if len_(expline) - len_(expline.lstrip()) < indent:
+                    break
+                add_line(expline[indent:])
+
+        self.linenr += len_(lines)
+        node.help = "".join(lines).rstrip()
+        if line:
+            self._line_after_help(line)
+
+    def _empty_help(self, node, line):
+        self._warn(node.item.name_and_loc + " has 'help' but empty help text")
+        node.help = ""
+        if line:
+            self._line_after_help(line)
+
+    def _parse_expr(self, transform_m):
+        # Parses an expression from the tokens in Kconfig._tokens using a
+        # simple top-down approach. See the module docstring for the expression
+        # format.
+        #
+        # transform_m:
+        #   True if m should be rewritten to m && MODULES. See the
+        #   Kconfig.eval_string() documentation.
+
+        # Grammar:
+        #
+        #   expr:     and_expr ['||' expr]
+        #   and_expr: factor ['&&' and_expr]
+        #   factor:   <symbol> ['='/'!='/'<'/... <symbol>]
+        #             '!' factor
+        #             '(' expr ')'
+        #
+        # It helps to think of the 'expr: and_expr' case as a single-operand OR
+        # (no ||), and of the 'and_expr: factor' case as a single-operand AND
+        # (no &&). Parsing code is always a bit tricky.
+
+        # Mind dump: parse_factor() and two nested loops for OR and AND would
+        # work as well. The straightforward implementation there gives a
+        # (op, (op, (op, A, B), C), D) parse for A op B op C op D. Representing
+        # expressions as (op, [list of operands]) instead goes nicely with that
+        # version, but is wasteful for short expressions and complicates
+        # expression evaluation and other code that works on expressions (more
+        # complicated code likely offsets any performance gain from less
+        # recursion too). If we also try to optimize the list representation by
+        # merging lists when possible (e.g. when ANDing two AND expressions),
+        # we end up allocating a ton of lists instead of reusing expressions,
+        # which is bad.
+
+        and_expr = self._parse_and_expr(transform_m)
+
+        # Return 'and_expr' directly if we have a "single-operand" OR.
+        # Otherwise, parse the expression on the right and make an OR node.
+        # This turns A || B || C || D into (OR, A, (OR, B, (OR, C, D))).
+        return (
+            and_expr
+            if not self._check_token(_T_OR)
+            else (OR, and_expr, self._parse_expr(transform_m))
+        )
+
+    def _parse_and_expr(self, transform_m):
+        factor = self._parse_factor(transform_m)
+
+        # Return 'factor' directly if we have a "single-operand" AND.
+        # Otherwise, parse the right operand and make an AND node. This turns
+        # A && B && C && D into (AND, A, (AND, B, (AND, C, D))).
+        return (
+            factor
+            if not self._check_token(_T_AND)
+            else (AND, factor, self._parse_and_expr(transform_m))
+        )
+
+    def _parse_factor(self, transform_m):
+        token = self._tokens[self._tokens_i]
+        self._tokens_i += 1
+
+        if token.__class__ is Symbol:
+            # Plain symbol or relation
+
+            if self._tokens[self._tokens_i] not in _RELATIONS:
+                # Plain symbol
+
+                # For conditional expressions ('depends on <expr>',
+                # '... if <expr>', etc.), m is rewritten to m && MODULES.
+                if transform_m and token is self.m:
+                    return (AND, self.m, self.modules)
+
+                return token
+
+            # Relation
+            #
+            # _T_EQUAL, _T_UNEQUAL, etc., deliberately have the same values as
+            # EQUAL, UNEQUAL, etc., so we can just use the token directly
+            self._tokens_i += 1
+            return (self._tokens[self._tokens_i - 1], token, self._expect_sym())
+
+        if token is _T_NOT:
+            # token == _T_NOT == NOT
+            return (token, self._parse_factor(transform_m))
+
+        if token is _T_OPEN_PAREN:
+            expr_parse = self._parse_expr(transform_m)
+            if self._check_token(_T_CLOSE_PAREN):
+                return expr_parse
+
+        self._parse_error("malformed expression")
+
+    #
+    # Caching and invalidation
+    #
+
+    def _build_dep(self):
+        # Populates the Symbol/Choice._dependents sets, which contain all other
+        # items (symbols and choices) that immediately depend on the item in
+        # the sense that changing the value of the item might affect the value
+        # of the dependent items. This is used for caching/invalidation.
+        #
+        # The calculated sets might be larger than necessary as we don't do any
+        # complex analysis of the expressions.
+
+        depend_on = _depend_on  # Micro-optimization
+
+        # Only calculate _dependents for defined symbols. Constant and
+        # undefined symbols could theoretically be selected/implied, but it
+        # wouldn't change their value, so it's not a true dependency.
+        for sym in self.unique_defined_syms:
+            # Symbols depend on the following:
+
+            # The prompt conditions
+            for node in sym.nodes:
+                if node.prompt:
+                    depend_on(sym, node.prompt[1])
+
+            # The default values and their conditions
+            for value, cond in sym.defaults:
+                depend_on(sym, value)
+                depend_on(sym, cond)
+
+            # The reverse and weak reverse dependencies
+            depend_on(sym, sym.rev_dep)
+            depend_on(sym, sym.weak_rev_dep)
+
+            # The ranges along with their conditions
+            for low, high, cond in sym.ranges:
+                depend_on(sym, low)
+                depend_on(sym, high)
+                depend_on(sym, cond)
+
+            # The direct dependencies. This is usually redundant, as the direct
+            # dependencies get propagated to properties, but it's needed to get
+            # invalidation solid for 'imply', which only checks the direct
+            # dependencies (even if there are no properties to propagate it
+            # to).
+            depend_on(sym, sym.direct_dep)
+
+            # In addition to the above, choice symbols depend on the choice
+            # they're in, but that's handled automatically since the Choice is
+            # propagated to the conditions of the properties before
+            # _build_dep() runs.
+
+        for choice in self.unique_choices:
+            # Choices depend on the following:
+
+            # The prompt conditions
+            for node in choice.nodes:
+                if node.prompt:
+                    depend_on(choice, node.prompt[1])
+
+            # The default symbol conditions
+            for _, cond in choice.defaults:
+                depend_on(choice, cond)
+
+    def _add_choice_deps(self):
+        # Choices also depend on the choice symbols themselves, because the
+        # y-mode selection of the choice might change if a choice symbol's
+        # visibility changes.
+        #
+        # We add these dependencies separately after dependency loop detection.
+        # The invalidation algorithm can handle the resulting
+        # <choice symbol> <-> <choice> dependency loops, but they make loop
+        # detection awkward.
+
+        for choice in self.unique_choices:
+            for sym in choice.syms:
+                sym._dependents.add(choice)
+
+    def _invalidate_all(self):
+        # Undefined symbols never change value and don't need to be
+        # invalidated, so we can just iterate over defined symbols.
+        # Invalidating constant symbols would break things horribly.
+        for sym in self.unique_defined_syms:
+            sym._invalidate()
+
+        for choice in self.unique_choices:
+            choice._invalidate()
+
+    #
+    # Post-parsing menu tree processing, including dependency propagation and
+    # implicit submenu creation
+    #
+
+    def _finalize_node(self, node, visible_if):
+        # Finalizes a menu node and its children:
+        #
+        #  - Copies properties from menu nodes up to their contained
+        #    symbols/choices
+        #
+        #  - Propagates dependencies from parent to child nodes
+        #
+        #  - Creates implicit menus (see kconfig-language.txt)
+        #
+        #  - Removes 'if' nodes
+        #
+        #  - Sets 'choice' types and registers choice symbols
+        #
+        # menu_finalize() in the C implementation is similar.
+        #
+        # node:
+        #   The menu node to finalize. This node and its children will have
+        #   been finalized when the function returns, and any implicit menus
+        #   will have been created.
+        #
+        # visible_if:
+        #   Dependencies from 'visible if' on parent menus. These are added to
+        #   the prompts of symbols and choices.
+
+        if node.item.__class__ is Symbol:
+            # Copy defaults, ranges, selects, and implies to the Symbol
+            self._add_props_to_sym(node)
+
+            # Find any items that should go in an implicit menu rooted at the
+            # symbol
+            cur = node
+            while cur.next and _auto_menu_dep(node, cur.next):
+                # This makes implicit submenu creation work recursively, with
+                # implicit menus inside implicit menus
+                self._finalize_node(cur.next, visible_if)
+                cur = cur.next
+                cur.parent = node
+
+            if cur is not node:
+                # Found symbols that should go in an implicit submenu. Tilt
+                # them up above us.
+                node.list = node.next
+                node.next = cur.next
+                cur.next = None
+
+        elif node.list:
+            # The menu node is a choice, menu, or if. Finalize each child node.
+
+            if node.item is MENU:
+                visible_if = self._make_and(visible_if, node.visibility)
+
+            # Propagate the menu node's dependencies to each child menu node.
+            #
+            # This needs to go before the recursive _finalize_node() call so
+            # that implicit submenu creation can look ahead at dependencies.
+            self._propagate_deps(node, visible_if)
+
+            # Finalize the children
+            cur = node.list
+            while cur:
+                self._finalize_node(cur, visible_if)
+                cur = cur.next
+
+        if node.list:
+            # node's children have been individually finalized. Do final steps
+            # to finalize this "level" in the menu tree.
+            _flatten(node.list)
+            _remove_ifs(node)
+
+        # Empty choices (node.list None) are possible, so this needs to go
+        # outside
+        if node.item.__class__ is Choice:
+            # Add the node's non-node-specific properties to the choice, like
+            # _add_props_to_sym() does
+            choice = node.item
+            choice.direct_dep = self._make_or(choice.direct_dep, node.dep)
+            choice.defaults += node.defaults
+
+            _finalize_choice(node)
+
+    def _propagate_deps(self, node, visible_if):
+        # Propagates 'node's dependencies to its child menu nodes
+
+        # If the parent node holds a Choice, we use the Choice itself as the
+        # parent dependency. This makes sense as the value (mode) of the choice
+        # limits the visibility of the contained choice symbols. The C
+        # implementation works the same way.
+        #
+        # Due to the similar interface, Choice works as a drop-in replacement
+        # for Symbol here.
+        basedep = node.item if node.item.__class__ is Choice else node.dep
+
+        cur = node.list
+        while cur:
+            dep = cur.dep = self._make_and(cur.dep, basedep)
+
+            if cur.item.__class__ in _SYMBOL_CHOICE:
+                # Propagate 'visible if' and dependencies to the prompt
+                if cur.prompt:
+                    cur.prompt = (
+                        cur.prompt[0],
+                        self._make_and(cur.prompt[1], self._make_and(visible_if, dep)),
+                    )
+
+                # Propagate dependencies to defaults
+                if cur.defaults:
+                    cur.defaults = [
+                        (default, self._make_and(cond, dep)) for default, cond in cur.defaults
+                    ]
+
+                # Propagate dependencies to ranges
+                if cur.ranges:
+                    cur.ranges = [
+                        (low, high, self._make_and(cond, dep)) for low, high, cond in cur.ranges
+                    ]
+
+                # Propagate dependencies to selects
+                if cur.selects:
+                    cur.selects = [
+                        (target, self._make_and(cond, dep)) for target, cond in cur.selects
+                    ]
+
+                # Propagate dependencies to implies
+                if cur.implies:
+                    cur.implies = [
+                        (target, self._make_and(cond, dep)) for target, cond in cur.implies
+                    ]
+
+            elif cur.prompt:  # Not a symbol/choice
+                # Propagate dependencies to the prompt. 'visible if' is only
+                # propagated to symbols/choices.
+                cur.prompt = (cur.prompt[0], self._make_and(cur.prompt[1], dep))
+
+            cur = cur.next
+
+    def _add_props_to_sym(self, node):
+        # Copies properties from the menu node 'node' up to its contained
+        # symbol, and adds (weak) reverse dependencies to selected/implied
+        # symbols.
+        #
+        # This can't be rolled into _propagate_deps(), because that function
+        # traverses the menu tree roughly breadth-first, meaning properties on
+        # symbols defined in multiple locations could end up in the wrong
+        # order.
+
+        sym = node.item
+
+        # See the Symbol class docstring
+        sym.direct_dep = self._make_or(sym.direct_dep, node.dep)
+
+        sym.defaults += node.defaults
+        sym.ranges += node.ranges
+        sym.selects += node.selects
+        sym.implies += node.implies
+
+        # Modify the reverse dependencies of the selected symbol
+        for target, cond in node.selects:
+            target.rev_dep = self._make_or(target.rev_dep, self._make_and(sym, cond))
+
+        # Modify the weak reverse dependencies of the implied
+        # symbol
+        for target, cond in node.implies:
+            target.weak_rev_dep = self._make_or(target.weak_rev_dep, self._make_and(sym, cond))
+
+    #
+    # Misc.
+    #
+
+    def _check_sym_sanity(self):
+        # Checks various symbol properties that are handiest to check after
+        # parsing. Only generates errors and warnings.
+
+        def num_ok(sym, type_):
+            # Returns True if the (possibly constant) symbol 'sym' is valid as a value
+            # for a symbol of type type_ (INT or HEX)
+
+            # 'not sym.nodes' implies a constant or undefined symbol, e.g. a plain
+            # "123"
+            if not sym.nodes:
+                return _is_base_n(sym.name, _TYPE_TO_BASE[type_])
+
+            return sym.orig_type is type_
+
+        for sym in self.unique_defined_syms:
+            if sym.orig_type in _BOOL_TRISTATE:
+                # A helper function could be factored out here, but keep it
+                # speedy/straightforward
+
+                for target_sym, _ in sym.selects:
+                    if target_sym.orig_type not in _BOOL_TRISTATE_UNKNOWN:
+                        self._warn(
+                            "{} selects the {} symbol {}, which is not "
+                            "bool or tristate".format(
+                                sym.name_and_loc,
+                                TYPE_TO_STR[target_sym.orig_type],
+                                target_sym.name_and_loc,
+                            )
+                        )
+
+                for target_sym, _ in sym.implies:
+                    if target_sym.orig_type not in _BOOL_TRISTATE_UNKNOWN:
+                        self._warn(
+                            "{} implies the {} symbol {}, which is not "
+                            "bool or tristate".format(
+                                sym.name_and_loc,
+                                TYPE_TO_STR[target_sym.orig_type],
+                                target_sym.name_and_loc,
+                            )
+                        )
+
+            elif sym.orig_type:  # STRING/INT/HEX
+                for default, _ in sym.defaults:
+                    if default.__class__ is not Symbol:
+                        raise KconfigError(
+                            "the {} symbol {} has a malformed default {} -- "
+                            "expected a single symbol".format(
+                                TYPE_TO_STR[sym.orig_type], sym.name_and_loc, expr_str(default)
+                            )
+                        )
+
+                    if sym.orig_type is STRING:
+                        if (
+                            not default.is_constant
+                            and not default.nodes
+                            and not default.name.isupper()
+                        ):
+                            # 'default foo' on a string symbol could be either a symbol
+                            # reference or someone leaving out the quotes. Guess that
+                            # the quotes were left out if 'foo' isn't all-uppercase
+                            # (and no symbol named 'foo' exists).
+                            self._warn(
+                                "style: quotes recommended around "
+                                "default value for string symbol " + sym.name_and_loc
+                            )
+
+                    elif not num_ok(default, sym.orig_type):  # INT/HEX
+                        self._warn(
+                            "the {0} symbol {1} has a non-{0} default {2}".format(
+                                TYPE_TO_STR[sym.orig_type], sym.name_and_loc, default.name_and_loc
+                            )
+                        )
+
+                if sym.selects or sym.implies:
+                    self._warn(
+                        "the {} symbol {} has selects or implies".format(
+                            TYPE_TO_STR[sym.orig_type], sym.name_and_loc
+                        )
+                    )
+
+            else:  # UNKNOWN
+                self._warn("{} defined without a type".format(sym.name_and_loc))
+
+            if sym.ranges:
+                if sym.orig_type not in _INT_HEX:
+                    self._warn(
+                        "the {} symbol {} has ranges, but is not int or hex".format(
+                            TYPE_TO_STR[sym.orig_type], sym.name_and_loc
+                        )
+                    )
+                else:
+                    for low, high, _ in sym.ranges:
+                        if not num_ok(low, sym.orig_type) or not num_ok(high, sym.orig_type):
+
+                            self._warn(
+                                "the {0} symbol {1} has a non-{0} "
+                                "range [{2}, {3}]".format(
+                                    TYPE_TO_STR[sym.orig_type],
+                                    sym.name_and_loc,
+                                    low.name_and_loc,
+                                    high.name_and_loc,
+                                )
+                            )
+
+    def _check_choice_sanity(self):
+        # Checks various choice properties that are handiest to check after
+        # parsing. Only generates errors and warnings.
+
+        def warn_select_imply(sym, expr, expr_type):
+            msg = (
+                "the choice symbol {} is {} by the following symbols, but "
+                "select/imply has no effect on choice symbols".format(sym.name_and_loc, expr_type)
+            )
+
+            # si = select/imply
+            for si in split_expr(expr, OR):
+                msg += "\n - " + split_expr(si, AND)[0].name_and_loc
+
+            self._warn(msg)
+
+        for choice in self.unique_choices:
+            if choice.orig_type not in _BOOL_TRISTATE:
+                self._warn(
+                    "{} defined with type {}".format(
+                        choice.name_and_loc, TYPE_TO_STR[choice.orig_type]
+                    )
+                )
+
+            for node in choice.nodes:
+                if node.prompt:
+                    break
+            else:
+                self._warn(choice.name_and_loc + " defined without a prompt")
+
+            for default, _ in choice.defaults:
+                if default.__class__ is not Symbol:
+                    raise KconfigError(
+                        "{} has a malformed default {}".format(
+                            choice.name_and_loc, expr_str(default)
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                if default.choice is not choice:
+                    self._warn(
+                        "the default selection {} of {} is not "
+                        "contained in the choice".format(default.name_and_loc, choice.name_and_loc)
+                    )
+
+            for sym in choice.syms:
+                if sym.defaults:
+                    self._warn(
+                        "default on the choice symbol {} will have "
+                        "no effect, as defaults do not affect choice "
+                        "symbols".format(sym.name_and_loc)
+                    )
+
+                if sym.rev_dep is not sym.kconfig.n:
+                    warn_select_imply(sym, sym.rev_dep, "selected")
+
+                if sym.weak_rev_dep is not sym.kconfig.n:
+                    warn_select_imply(sym, sym.weak_rev_dep, "implied")
+
+                for node in sym.nodes:
+                    if node.parent.item is choice:
+                        if not node.prompt:
+                            self._warn(
+                                "the choice symbol {} has no prompt".format(sym.name_and_loc)
+                            )
+
+                    elif node.prompt:
+                        self._warn(
+                            "the choice symbol {} is defined with a "
+                            "prompt outside the choice".format(sym.name_and_loc)
+                        )
+
+    def _parse_error(self, msg):
+        raise KconfigError(
+            "{}error: couldn't parse '{}': {}".format(
+                "" if self.filename is None else "{}:{}: ".format(self.filename, self.linenr),
+                self._line.strip(),
+                msg,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def _trailing_tokens_error(self):
+        self._parse_error("extra tokens at end of line")
+
+    def _open(self, filename, mode):
+        # open() wrapper:
+        #
+        # - Enable universal newlines mode on Python 2 to ease
+        #   interoperability between Linux and Windows. It's already the
+        #   default on Python 3.
+        #
+        #   The "U" flag would currently work for both Python 2 and 3, but it's
+        #   deprecated on Python 3, so play it future-safe.
+        #
+        #   io.open() defaults to universal newlines on Python 2 (and is an
+        #   alias for open() on Python 3), but it returns 'unicode' strings and
+        #   slows things down:
+        #
+        #     Parsing x86 Kconfigs on Python 2
+        #
+        #     with open(..., "rU"):
+        #
+        #       real  0m0.930s
+        #       user  0m0.905s
+        #       sys   0m0.025s
+        #
+        #     with io.open():
+        #
+        #       real  0m1.069s
+        #       user  0m1.040s
+        #       sys   0m0.029s
+        #
+        #   There's no appreciable performance difference between "r" and
+        #   "rU" for parsing performance on Python 2.
+        #
+        # - For Python 3, force the encoding. Forcing the encoding on Python 2
+        #   turns strings into Unicode strings, which gets messy. Python 2
+        #   doesn't decode regular strings anyway.
+        return (
+            open(filename, "rU" if mode == "r" else mode)
+            if _IS_PY2
+            else open(filename, mode, encoding=self._encoding)
+        )
+
+    def _check_undef_syms(self):
+        # Prints warnings for all references to undefined symbols within the
+        # Kconfig files
+
+        def is_num(s):
+            # Returns True if the string 's' looks like a number.
+            #
+            # Internally, all operands in Kconfig are symbols, only undefined symbols
+            # (which numbers usually are) get their name as their value.
+            #
+            # Only hex numbers that start with 0x/0X are classified as numbers.
+            # Otherwise, symbols whose names happen to contain only the letters A-F
+            # would trigger false positives.
+
+            try:
+                int(s)
+            except ValueError:
+                if not s.startswith(("0x", "0X")):
+                    return False
+
+                try:
+                    int(s, 16)
+                except ValueError:
+                    return False
+
+            return True
+
+        for sym in (self.syms.viewvalues if _IS_PY2 else self.syms.values)():
+            # - sym.nodes empty means the symbol is undefined (has no
+            #   definition locations)
+            #
+            # - Due to Kconfig internals, numbers show up as undefined Kconfig
+            #   symbols, but shouldn't be flagged
+            #
+            # - The MODULES symbol always exists
+            if not sym.nodes and not is_num(sym.name) and sym.name != "MODULES":
+
+                msg = "undefined symbol {}:".format(sym.name)
+                for node in self.node_iter():
+                    if sym in node.referenced:
+                        msg += "\n\n- Referenced at {}:{}:\n\n{}".format(
+                            node.filename, node.linenr, node
+                        )
+                self._warn(msg)
+
+    def _warn(self, msg, filename=None, linenr=None):
+        # For printing general warnings
+
+        if not self.warn:
+            return
+
+        msg = "warning: " + msg
+        if filename is not None:
+            msg = "{}:{}: {}".format(filename, linenr, msg)
+
+        self.warnings.append(msg)
+        if self.warn_to_stderr:
+            sys.stderr.write(msg + "\n")
+
+
+class Symbol(object):
+    """
+    Represents a configuration symbol:
+
+      (menu)config FOO
+          ...
+
+    The following attributes are available. They should be viewed as read-only,
+    and some are implemented through @property magic (but are still efficient
+    to access due to internal caching).
+
+    Note: Prompts, help texts, and locations are stored in the Symbol's
+    MenuNode(s) rather than in the Symbol itself. Check the MenuNode class and
+    the Symbol.nodes attribute. This organization matches the C tools.
+
+    name:
+      The name of the symbol, e.g. "FOO" for 'config FOO'.
+
+    type:
+      The type of the symbol. One of BOOL, TRISTATE, STRING, INT, HEX, UNKNOWN.
+      UNKNOWN is for undefined symbols, (non-special) constant symbols, and
+      symbols defined without a type.
+
+      When running without modules (MODULES having the value n), TRISTATE
+      symbols magically change type to BOOL. This also happens for symbols
+      within choices in "y" mode. This matches the C tools, and makes sense for
+      menuconfig-like functionality.
+
+    orig_type:
+      The type as given in the Kconfig file, without any magic applied. Used
+      when printing the symbol.
+
+    tri_value:
+      The tristate value of the symbol as an integer. One of 0, 1, 2,
+      representing n, m, y. Always 0 (n) for non-bool/tristate symbols.
+
+      This is the symbol value that's used outside of relation expressions
+      (A, !A, A && B, A || B).
+
+    str_value:
+      The value of the symbol as a string. Gives the value for string/int/hex
+      symbols. For bool/tristate symbols, gives "n", "m", or "y".
+
+      This is the symbol value that's used in relational expressions
+      (A = B, A != B, etc.)
+
+      Gotcha: For int/hex symbols, the exact format of the value is often
+      preserved (e.g. when writing a .config file), hence why you can't get it
+      directly as an int. Do int(int_sym.str_value) or
+      int(hex_sym.str_value, 16) to get the integer value.
+
+    user_value:
+      The user value of the symbol. None if no user value has been assigned
+      (via Kconfig.load_config() or Symbol.set_value()).
+
+      Holds 0, 1, or 2 for bool/tristate symbols, and a string for the other
+      symbol types.
+
+      WARNING: Do not assign directly to this. It will break things. Use
+      Symbol.set_value().
+
+    assignable:
+      A tuple containing the tristate user values that can currently be
+      assigned to the symbol (that would be respected), ordered from lowest (0,
+      representing n) to highest (2, representing y). This corresponds to the
+      selections available in the menuconfig interface. The set of assignable
+      values is calculated from the symbol's visibility and selects/implies.
+
+      Returns the empty set for non-bool/tristate symbols and for symbols with
+      visibility n. The other possible values are (0, 2), (0, 1, 2), (1, 2),
+      (1,), and (2,). A (1,) or (2,) result means the symbol is visible but
+      "locked" to m or y through a select, perhaps in combination with the
+      visibility. menuconfig represents this as -M- and -*-, respectively.
+
+      For string/hex/int symbols, check if Symbol.visibility is non-0 (non-n)
+      instead to determine if the value can be changed.
+
+      Some handy 'assignable' idioms:
+
+        # Is 'sym' an assignable (visible) bool/tristate symbol?
+        if sym.assignable:
+            # What's the highest value it can be assigned? [-1] in Python
+            # gives the last element.
+            sym_high = sym.assignable[-1]
+
+            # The lowest?
+            sym_low = sym.assignable[0]
+
+            # Can the symbol be set to at least m?
+            if sym.assignable[-1] >= 1:
+                ...
+
+        # Can the symbol be set to m?
+        if 1 in sym.assignable:
+            ...
+
+    visibility:
+      The visibility of the symbol. One of 0, 1, 2, representing n, m, y. See
+      the module documentation for an overview of symbol values and visibility.
+
+    config_string:
+      The .config assignment string that would get written out for the symbol
+      by Kconfig.write_config(). Returns the empty string if no .config
+      assignment would get written out.
+
+      In general, visible symbols, symbols with (active) defaults, and selected
+      symbols get written out. This includes all non-n-valued bool/tristate
+      symbols, and all visible string/int/hex symbols.
+
+      Symbols with the (no longer needed) 'option env=...' option generate no
+      configuration output, and neither does the special
+      'option defconfig_list' symbol.
+
+      Tip: This field is useful when generating custom configuration output,
+      even for non-.config-like formats. To write just the symbols that would
+      get written out to .config files, do this:
+
+        if sym.config_string:
+            *Write symbol, e.g. by looking sym.str_value*
+
+      This is a superset of the symbols written out by write_autoconf().
+      That function skips all n-valued symbols.
+
+      There usually won't be any great harm in just writing all symbols either,
+      though you might get some special symbols and possibly some "redundant"
+      n-valued symbol entries in there.
+
+    name_and_loc:
+      Holds a string like
+
+        "MY_SYMBOL (defined at foo/Kconfig:12, bar/Kconfig:14)"
+
+      , giving the name of the symbol and its definition location(s).
+
+      If the symbol is undefined, the location is given as "(undefined)".
+
+    nodes:
+      A list of MenuNodes for this symbol. Will contain a single MenuNode for
+      most symbols. Undefined and constant symbols have an empty nodes list.
+      Symbols defined in multiple locations get one node for each location.
+
+    choice:
+      Holds the parent Choice for choice symbols, and None for non-choice
+      symbols. Doubles as a flag for whether a symbol is a choice symbol.
+
+    defaults:
+      List of (default, cond) tuples for the symbol's 'default' properties. For
+      example, 'default A && B if C || D' is represented as
+      ((AND, A, B), (OR, C, D)). If no condition was given, 'cond' is
+      self.kconfig.y.
+
+      Note that 'depends on' and parent dependencies are propagated to
+      'default' conditions.
+
+    selects:
+      List of (symbol, cond) tuples for the symbol's 'select' properties. For
+      example, 'select A if B && C' is represented as (A, (AND, B, C)). If no
+      condition was given, 'cond' is self.kconfig.y.
+
+      Note that 'depends on' and parent dependencies are propagated to 'select'
+      conditions.
+
+    implies:
+      Like 'selects', for imply.
+
+    ranges:
+      List of (low, high, cond) tuples for the symbol's 'range' properties. For
+      example, 'range 1 2 if A' is represented as (1, 2, A). If there is no
+      condition, 'cond' is self.kconfig.y.
+
+      Note that 'depends on' and parent dependencies are propagated to 'range'
+      conditions.
+
+      Gotcha: 1 and 2 above will be represented as (undefined) Symbols rather
+      than plain integers. Undefined symbols get their name as their string
+      value, so this works out. The C tools work the same way.
+
+    orig_defaults:
+    orig_selects:
+    orig_implies:
+    orig_ranges:
+      See the corresponding attributes on the MenuNode class.
+
+    rev_dep:
+      Reverse dependency expression from other symbols selecting this symbol.
+      Multiple selections get ORed together. A condition on a select is ANDed
+      with the selecting symbol.
+
+      For example, if A has 'select FOO' and B has 'select FOO if C', then
+      FOO's rev_dep will be (OR, A, (AND, B, C)).
+
+    weak_rev_dep:
+      Like rev_dep, for imply.
+
+    direct_dep:
+      The direct ('depends on') dependencies for the symbol, or self.kconfig.y
+      if there are no direct dependencies.
+
+      This attribute includes any dependencies from surrounding menus and ifs.
+      Those get propagated to the direct dependencies, and the resulting direct
+      dependencies in turn get propagated to the conditions of all properties.
+
+      If the symbol is defined in multiple locations, the dependencies from the
+      different locations get ORed together.
+
+    referenced:
+      A set() with all symbols and choices referenced in the properties and
+      property conditions of the symbol.
+
+      Also includes dependencies from surrounding menus and ifs, because those
+      get propagated to the symbol (see the 'Intro to symbol values' section in
+      the module docstring).
+
+      Choices appear in the dependencies of choice symbols.
+
+      For the following definitions, only B and not C appears in A's
+      'referenced'. To get transitive references, you'll have to recursively
+      expand 'references' until no new items appear.
+
+        config A
+                bool
+                depends on B
+
+        config B
+                bool
+                depends on C
+
+        config C
+                bool
+
+      See the Symbol.direct_dep attribute if you're only interested in the
+      direct dependencies of the symbol (its 'depends on'). You can extract the
+      symbols in it with the global expr_items() function.
+
+    env_var:
+      If the Symbol has an 'option env="FOO"' option, this contains the name
+      ("FOO") of the environment variable. None for symbols without no
+      'option env'.
+
+      'option env="FOO"' acts like a 'default' property whose value is the
+      value of $FOO.
+
+      Symbols with 'option env' are never written out to .config files, even if
+      they are visible. env_var corresponds to a flag called SYMBOL_AUTO in the
+      C implementation.
+
+    is_allnoconfig_y:
+      True if the symbol has 'option allnoconfig_y' set on it. This has no
+      effect internally (except when printing symbols), but can be checked by
+      scripts.
+
+    is_constant:
+      True if the symbol is a constant (quoted) symbol.
+
+    kconfig:
+      The Kconfig instance this symbol is from.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_cached_assignable",
+        "_cached_str_val",
+        "_cached_tri_val",
+        "_cached_vis",
+        "_dependents",
+        "_old_val",
+        "_visited",
+        "_was_set",
+        "_write_to_conf",
+        "choice",
+        "defaults",
+        "direct_dep",
+        "env_var",
+        "implies",
+        "is_allnoconfig_y",
+        "is_constant",
+        "kconfig",
+        "name",
+        "nodes",
+        "orig_type",
+        "ranges",
+        "rev_dep",
+        "selects",
+        "user_value",
+        "weak_rev_dep",
+    )
+
+    #
+    # Public interface
+    #
+
+    @property
+    def type(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        if self.orig_type is TRISTATE and (
+            self.choice and self.choice.tri_value == 2 or not self.kconfig.modules.tri_value
+        ):
+
+            return BOOL
+
+        return self.orig_type
+
+    @property
+    def str_value(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        if self._cached_str_val is not None:
+            return self._cached_str_val
+
+        if self.orig_type in _BOOL_TRISTATE:
+            # Also calculates the visibility, so invalidation safe
+            self._cached_str_val = TRI_TO_STR[self.tri_value]
+            return self._cached_str_val
+
+        # As a quirk of Kconfig, undefined symbols get their name as their
+        # string value. This is why things like "FOO = bar" work for seeing if
+        # FOO has the value "bar".
+        if not self.orig_type:  # UNKNOWN
+            self._cached_str_val = self.name
+            return self.name
+
+        val = ""
+        # Warning: See Symbol._rec_invalidate(), and note that this is a hidden
+        # function call (property magic)
+        vis = self.visibility
+
+        self._write_to_conf = vis != 0
+
+        if self.orig_type in _INT_HEX:
+            # The C implementation checks the user value against the range in a
+            # separate code path (post-processing after loading a .config).
+            # Checking all values here instead makes more sense for us. It
+            # requires that we check for a range first.
+
+            base = _TYPE_TO_BASE[self.orig_type]
+
+            # Check if a range is in effect
+            for low_expr, high_expr, cond in self.ranges:
+                if expr_value(cond):
+                    has_active_range = True
+
+                    # The zeros are from the C implementation running strtoll()
+                    # on empty strings
+                    low = (
+                        int(low_expr.str_value, base) if _is_base_n(low_expr.str_value, base) else 0
+                    )
+                    high = (
+                        int(high_expr.str_value, base)
+                        if _is_base_n(high_expr.str_value, base)
+                        else 0
+                    )
+
+                    break
+            else:
+                has_active_range = False
+
+            # Defaults are used if the symbol is invisible, lacks a user value,
+            # or has an out-of-range user value
+            use_defaults = True
+
+            if vis and self.user_value:
+                user_val = int(self.user_value, base)
+                if has_active_range and not low <= user_val <= high:
+                    num2str = str if base == 10 else hex
+                    self.kconfig._warn(
+                        "user value {} on the {} symbol {} ignored due to "
+                        "being outside the active range ([{}, {}]) -- falling "
+                        "back on defaults".format(
+                            num2str(user_val),
+                            TYPE_TO_STR[self.orig_type],
+                            self.name_and_loc,
+                            num2str(low),
+                            num2str(high),
+                        )
+                    )
+                else:
+                    # If the user value is well-formed and satisfies range
+                    # contraints, it is stored in exactly the same form as
+                    # specified in the assignment (with or without "0x", etc.)
+                    val = self.user_value
+                    use_defaults = False
+
+            if use_defaults:
+                # No user value or invalid user value. Look at defaults.
+
+                # Used to implement the warning below
+                has_default = False
+
+                for sym, cond in self.defaults:
+                    if expr_value(cond):
+                        has_default = self._write_to_conf = True
+
+                        val = sym.str_value
+
+                        if _is_base_n(val, base):
+                            val_num = int(val, base)
+                        else:
+                            val_num = 0  # strtoll() on empty string
+
+                        break
+                else:
+                    val_num = 0  # strtoll() on empty string
+
+                # This clamping procedure runs even if there's no default
+                if has_active_range:
+                    clamp = None
+                    if val_num < low:
+                        clamp = low
+                    elif val_num > high:
+                        clamp = high
+
+                    if clamp is not None:
+                        # The value is rewritten to a standard form if it is
+                        # clamped
+                        val = str(clamp) if self.orig_type is INT else hex(clamp)
+
+                        if has_default:
+                            num2str = str if base == 10 else hex
+                            self.kconfig._warn(
+                                "default value {} on {} clamped to {} due to "
+                                "being outside the active range ([{}, {}])".format(
+                                    val_num,
+                                    self.name_and_loc,
+                                    num2str(clamp),
+                                    num2str(low),
+                                    num2str(high),
+                                )
+                            )
+
+        elif self.orig_type is STRING:
+            if vis and self.user_value is not None:
+                # If the symbol is visible and has a user value, use that
+                val = self.user_value
+            else:
+                # Otherwise, look at defaults
+                for sym, cond in self.defaults:
+                    if expr_value(cond):
+                        val = sym.str_value
+                        self._write_to_conf = True
+                        break
+
+        # env_var corresponds to SYMBOL_AUTO in the C implementation, and is
+        # also set on the defconfig_list symbol there. Test for the
+        # defconfig_list symbol explicitly instead here, to avoid a nonsensical
+        # env_var setting and the defconfig_list symbol being printed
+        # incorrectly. This code is pretty cold anyway.
+        if self.env_var is not None or self is self.kconfig.defconfig_list:
+            self._write_to_conf = False
+
+        self._cached_str_val = val
+        return val
+
+    @property
+    def tri_value(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        if self._cached_tri_val is not None:
+            return self._cached_tri_val
+
+        if self.orig_type not in _BOOL_TRISTATE:
+            if self.orig_type:  # != UNKNOWN
+                # Would take some work to give the location here
+                self.kconfig._warn(
+                    "The {} symbol {} is being evaluated in a logical context "
+                    "somewhere. It will always evaluate to n.".format(
+                        TYPE_TO_STR[self.orig_type], self.name_and_loc
+                    )
+                )
+
+            self._cached_tri_val = 0
+            return 0
+
+        # Warning: See Symbol._rec_invalidate(), and note that this is a hidden
+        # function call (property magic)
+        vis = self.visibility
+        self._write_to_conf = vis != 0
+
+        val = 0
+
+        if not self.choice:
+            # Non-choice symbol
+
+            if vis and self.user_value is not None:
+                # If the symbol is visible and has a user value, use that
+                val = min(self.user_value, vis)
+
+            else:
+                # Otherwise, look at defaults and weak reverse dependencies
+                # (implies)
+
+                for default, cond in self.defaults:
+                    dep_val = expr_value(cond)
+                    if dep_val:
+                        val = min(expr_value(default), dep_val)
+                        if val:
+                            self._write_to_conf = True
+                        break
+
+                # Weak reverse dependencies are only considered if our
+                # direct dependencies are met
+                dep_val = expr_value(self.weak_rev_dep)
+                if dep_val and expr_value(self.direct_dep):
+                    val = max(dep_val, val)
+                    self._write_to_conf = True
+
+            # Reverse (select-related) dependencies take precedence
+            dep_val = expr_value(self.rev_dep)
+            if dep_val:
+                if expr_value(self.direct_dep) < dep_val:
+                    self._warn_select_unsatisfied_deps()
+
+                val = max(dep_val, val)
+                self._write_to_conf = True
+
+            # m is promoted to y for (1) bool symbols and (2) symbols with a
+            # weak_rev_dep (from imply) of y
+            if val == 1 and (self.type is BOOL or expr_value(self.weak_rev_dep) == 2):
+                val = 2
+
+        elif vis == 2:
+            # Visible choice symbol in y-mode choice. The choice mode limits
+            # the visibility of choice symbols, so it's sufficient to just
+            # check the visibility of the choice symbols themselves.
+            val = 2 if self.choice.selection is self else 0
+
+        elif vis and self.user_value:
+            # Visible choice symbol in m-mode choice, with set non-0 user value
+            val = 1
+
+        self._cached_tri_val = val
+        return val
+
+    @property
+    def assignable(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        if self._cached_assignable is None:
+            self._cached_assignable = self._assignable()
+        return self._cached_assignable
+
+    @property
+    def visibility(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        if self._cached_vis is None:
+            self._cached_vis = _visibility(self)
+        return self._cached_vis
+
+    @property
+    def config_string(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        # _write_to_conf is determined when the value is calculated. This is a
+        # hidden function call due to property magic.
+        val = self.str_value
+        if not self._write_to_conf:
+            return ""
+
+        if self.orig_type in _BOOL_TRISTATE:
+            return (
+                "{}{}={}\n".format(self.kconfig.config_prefix, self.name, val)
+                if val != "n"
+                else "# {}{} is not set\n".format(self.kconfig.config_prefix, self.name)
+            )
+
+        if self.orig_type in _INT_HEX:
+            return "{}{}={}\n".format(self.kconfig.config_prefix, self.name, val)
+
+        # sym.orig_type is STRING
+        # hightall, remove quotes
+        # return '{}{}="{}"\n'.format(self.kconfig.config_prefix, self.name, escape(val))
+        return '{}{}={}\n'.format(self.kconfig.config_prefix, self.name, escape(val))
+
+    @property
+    def name_and_loc(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return self.name + " " + _locs(self)
+
+    def set_value(self, value):
+        """
+        Sets the user value of the symbol.
+
+        Equal in effect to assigning the value to the symbol within a .config
+        file. For bool and tristate symbols, use the 'assignable' attribute to
+        check which values can currently be assigned. Setting values outside
+        'assignable' will cause Symbol.user_value to differ from
+        Symbol.str/tri_value (be truncated down or up).
+
+        Setting a choice symbol to 2 (y) sets Choice.user_selection to the
+        choice symbol in addition to setting Symbol.user_value.
+        Choice.user_selection is considered when the choice is in y mode (the
+        "normal" mode).
+
+        Other symbols that depend (possibly indirectly) on this symbol are
+        automatically recalculated to reflect the assigned value.
+
+        value:
+          The user value to give to the symbol. For bool and tristate symbols,
+          n/m/y can be specified either as 0/1/2 (the usual format for tristate
+          values in Kconfiglib) or as one of the strings "n", "m", or "y". For
+          other symbol types, pass a string.
+
+          Note that the value for an int/hex symbol is passed as a string, e.g.
+          "123" or "0x0123". The format of this string is preserved in the
+          output.
+
+          Values that are invalid for the type (such as "foo" or 1 (m) for a
+          BOOL or "0x123" for an INT) are ignored and won't be stored in
+          Symbol.user_value. Kconfiglib will print a warning by default for
+          invalid assignments, and set_value() will return False.
+
+        Returns True if the value is valid for the type of the symbol, and
+        False otherwise. This only looks at the form of the value. For BOOL and
+        TRISTATE symbols, check the Symbol.assignable attribute to see what
+        values are currently in range and would actually be reflected in the
+        value of the symbol. For other symbol types, check whether the
+        visibility is non-n.
+        """
+        if self.orig_type in _BOOL_TRISTATE and value in STR_TO_TRI:
+            value = STR_TO_TRI[value]
+
+        # If the new user value matches the old, nothing changes, and we can
+        # avoid invalidating cached values.
+        #
+        # This optimization is skipped for choice symbols: Setting a choice
+        # symbol's user value to y might change the state of the choice, so it
+        # wouldn't be safe (symbol user values always match the values set in a
+        # .config file or via set_value(), and are never implicitly updated).
+        if value == self.user_value and not self.choice:
+            self._was_set = True
+            return True
+
+        # Check if the value is valid for our type
+        if not (
+            self.orig_type is BOOL
+            and value in (2, 0)
+            or self.orig_type is TRISTATE
+            and value in TRI_TO_STR
+            or value.__class__ is str
+            and (
+                self.orig_type is STRING
+                or self.orig_type is INT
+                and _is_base_n(value, 10)
+                or self.orig_type is HEX
+                and _is_base_n(value, 16)
+                and int(value, 16) >= 0
+            )
+        ):
+
+            # Display tristate values as n, m, y in the warning
+            self.kconfig._warn(
+                "the value {} is invalid for {}, which has type {} -- "
+                "assignment ignored".format(
+                    TRI_TO_STR[value] if value in TRI_TO_STR else "'{}'".format(value),
+                    self.name_and_loc,
+                    TYPE_TO_STR[self.orig_type],
+                )
+            )
+
+            return False
+
+        self.user_value = value
+        self._was_set = True
+
+        if self.choice and value == 2:
+            # Setting a choice symbol to y makes it the user selection of the
+            # choice. Like for symbol user values, the user selection is not
+            # guaranteed to match the actual selection of the choice, as
+            # dependencies come into play.
+            self.choice.user_selection = self
+            self.choice._was_set = True
+            self.choice._rec_invalidate()
+        else:
+            self._rec_invalidate_if_has_prompt()
+
+        return True
+
+    def unset_value(self):
+        """
+        Removes any user value from the symbol, as if the symbol had never
+        gotten a user value via Kconfig.load_config() or Symbol.set_value().
+        """
+        if self.user_value is not None:
+            self.user_value = None
+            self._rec_invalidate_if_has_prompt()
+
+    @property
+    def referenced(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return {item for node in self.nodes for item in node.referenced}
+
+    @property
+    def orig_defaults(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return [d for node in self.nodes for d in node.orig_defaults]
+
+    @property
+    def orig_selects(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return [s for node in self.nodes for s in node.orig_selects]
+
+    @property
+    def orig_implies(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return [i for node in self.nodes for i in node.orig_implies]
+
+    @property
+    def orig_ranges(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return [r for node in self.nodes for r in node.orig_ranges]
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Returns a string with information about the symbol (including its name,
+        value, visibility, and location(s)) when it is evaluated on e.g. the
+        interactive Python prompt.
+        """
+        fields = ["symbol " + self.name, TYPE_TO_STR[self.type]]
+        add = fields.append
+
+        for node in self.nodes:
+            if node.prompt:
+                add('"{}"'.format(node.prompt[0]))
+
+        # Only add quotes for non-bool/tristate symbols
+        add(
+            "value "
+            + (
+                self.str_value
+                if self.orig_type in _BOOL_TRISTATE
+                else '"{}"'.format(self.str_value)
+            )
+        )
+
+        if not self.is_constant:
+            # These aren't helpful to show for constant symbols
+
+            if self.user_value is not None:
+                # Only add quotes for non-bool/tristate symbols
+                add(
+                    "user value "
+                    + (
+                        TRI_TO_STR[self.user_value]
+                        if self.orig_type in _BOOL_TRISTATE
+                        else '"{}"'.format(self.user_value)
+                    )
+                )
+
+            add("visibility " + TRI_TO_STR[self.visibility])
+
+            if self.choice:
+                add("choice symbol")
+
+            if self.is_allnoconfig_y:
+                add("allnoconfig_y")
+
+            if self is self.kconfig.defconfig_list:
+                add("is the defconfig_list symbol")
+
+            if self.env_var is not None:
+                add("from environment variable " + self.env_var)
+
+            if self is self.kconfig.modules:
+                add("is the modules symbol")
+
+            add("direct deps " + TRI_TO_STR[expr_value(self.direct_dep)])
+
+        if self.nodes:
+            for node in self.nodes:
+                add("{}:{}".format(node.filename, node.linenr))
+        else:
+            add("constant" if self.is_constant else "undefined")
+
+        return "<{}>".format(", ".join(fields))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """
+        Returns a string representation of the symbol when it is printed.
+        Matches the Kconfig format, with any parent dependencies propagated to
+        the 'depends on' condition.
+
+        The string is constructed by joining the strings returned by
+        MenuNode.__str__() for each of the symbol's menu nodes, so symbols
+        defined in multiple locations will return a string with all
+        definitions.
+
+        The returned string does not end in a newline. An empty string is
+        returned for undefined and constant symbols.
+        """
+        return self.custom_str(standard_sc_expr_str)
+
+    def custom_str(self, sc_expr_str_fn):
+        """
+        Works like Symbol.__str__(), but allows a custom format to be used for
+        all symbol/choice references. See expr_str().
+        """
+        return "\n\n".join(node.custom_str(sc_expr_str_fn) for node in self.nodes)
+
+    #
+    # Private methods
+    #
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Symbol constructor -- not intended to be called directly by Kconfiglib
+        clients.
+        """
+        # These attributes are always set on the instance from outside and
+        # don't need defaults:
+        #   kconfig
+        #   direct_dep
+        #   is_constant
+        #   name
+        #   rev_dep
+        #   weak_rev_dep
+
+        # - UNKNOWN == 0
+        # - _visited is used during tree iteration and dep. loop detection
+        self.orig_type = self._visited = 0
+
+        self.nodes = []
+
+        self.defaults = []
+        self.selects = []
+        self.implies = []
+        self.ranges = []
+
+        self.user_value = (
+            self.choice
+        ) = (
+            self.env_var
+        ) = (
+            self._cached_str_val
+        ) = self._cached_tri_val = self._cached_vis = self._cached_assignable = None
+
+        # _write_to_conf is calculated along with the value. If True, the
+        # Symbol gets a .config entry.
+
+        self.is_allnoconfig_y = self._was_set = self._write_to_conf = False
+
+        # See Kconfig._build_dep()
+        self._dependents = set()
+
+    def _assignable(self):
+        # Worker function for the 'assignable' attribute
+
+        if self.orig_type not in _BOOL_TRISTATE:
+            return ()
+
+        # Warning: See Symbol._rec_invalidate(), and note that this is a hidden
+        # function call (property magic)
+        vis = self.visibility
+        if not vis:
+            return ()
+
+        rev_dep_val = expr_value(self.rev_dep)
+
+        if vis == 2:
+            if self.choice:
+                return (2,)
+
+            if not rev_dep_val:
+                if self.type is BOOL or expr_value(self.weak_rev_dep) == 2:
+                    return (0, 2)
+                return (0, 1, 2)
+
+            if rev_dep_val == 2:
+                return (2,)
+
+            # rev_dep_val == 1
+
+            if self.type is BOOL or expr_value(self.weak_rev_dep) == 2:
+                return (2,)
+            return (1, 2)
+
+        # vis == 1
+
+        # Must be a tristate here, because bool m visibility gets promoted to y
+
+        if not rev_dep_val:
+            return (0, 1) if expr_value(self.weak_rev_dep) != 2 else (0, 2)
+
+        if rev_dep_val == 2:
+            return (2,)
+
+        # vis == rev_dep_val == 1
+
+        return (1,)
+
+    def _invalidate(self):
+        # Marks the symbol as needing to be recalculated
+
+        self._cached_str_val = (
+            self._cached_tri_val
+        ) = self._cached_vis = self._cached_assignable = None
+
+    def _rec_invalidate(self):
+        # Invalidates the symbol and all items that (possibly) depend on it
+
+        if self is self.kconfig.modules:
+            # Invalidating MODULES has wide-ranging effects
+            self.kconfig._invalidate_all()
+        else:
+            self._invalidate()
+
+            for item in self._dependents:
+                # _cached_vis doubles as a flag that tells us whether 'item'
+                # has cached values, because it's calculated as a side effect
+                # of calculating all other (non-constant) cached values.
+                #
+                # If item._cached_vis is None, it means there can't be cached
+                # values on other items that depend on 'item', because if there
+                # were, some value on 'item' would have been calculated and
+                # item._cached_vis set as a side effect. It's therefore safe to
+                # stop the invalidation at symbols with _cached_vis None.
+                #
+                # This approach massively speeds up scripts that set a lot of
+                # values, vs simply invalidating all possibly dependent symbols
+                # (even when you already have a list of all the dependent
+                # symbols, because some symbols get huge dependency trees).
+                #
+                # This gracefully handles dependency loops too, which is nice
+                # for choices, where the choice depends on the choice symbols
+                # and vice versa.
+                if item._cached_vis is not None:
+                    item._rec_invalidate()
+
+    def _rec_invalidate_if_has_prompt(self):
+        # Invalidates the symbol and its dependent symbols, but only if the
+        # symbol has a prompt. User values never have an effect on promptless
+        # symbols, so we skip invalidation for them as an optimization.
+        #
+        # This also prevents constant (quoted) symbols from being invalidated
+        # if set_value() is called on them, which would make them lose their
+        # value and break things.
+        #
+        # Prints a warning if the symbol has no prompt. In some contexts (e.g.
+        # when loading a .config files) assignments to promptless symbols are
+        # normal and expected, so the warning can be disabled.
+
+        for node in self.nodes:
+            if node.prompt:
+                self._rec_invalidate()
+                return
+
+        if self.kconfig._warn_assign_no_prompt:
+            self.kconfig._warn(
+                self.name_and_loc + " has no prompt, meaning " "user values have no effect on it"
+            )
+
+    def _str_default(self):
+        # write_min_config() helper function. Returns the value the symbol
+        # would get from defaults if it didn't have a user value. Uses exactly
+        # the same algorithm as the C implementation (though a bit cleaned up),
+        # for compatibility.
+
+        if self.orig_type in _BOOL_TRISTATE:
+            val = 0
+
+            # Defaults, selects, and implies do not affect choice symbols
+            if not self.choice:
+                for default, cond in self.defaults:
+                    cond_val = expr_value(cond)
+                    if cond_val:
+                        val = min(expr_value(default), cond_val)
+                        break
+
+                val = max(expr_value(self.rev_dep), expr_value(self.weak_rev_dep), val)
+
+                # Transpose mod to yes if type is bool (possibly due to modules
+                # being disabled)
+                if val == 1 and self.type is BOOL:
+                    val = 2
+
+            return TRI_TO_STR[val]
+
+        if self.orig_type:  # STRING/INT/HEX
+            for default, cond in self.defaults:
+                if expr_value(cond):
+                    return default.str_value
+
+        return ""
+
+    def _warn_select_unsatisfied_deps(self):
+        # Helper for printing an informative warning when a symbol with
+        # unsatisfied direct dependencies (dependencies from 'depends on', ifs,
+        # and menus) is selected by some other symbol. Also warn if a symbol
+        # whose direct dependencies evaluate to m is selected to y.
+
+        msg = (
+            "{} has direct dependencies {} with value {}, but is "
+            "currently being {}-selected by the following symbols:".format(
+                self.name_and_loc,
+                expr_str(self.direct_dep),
+                TRI_TO_STR[expr_value(self.direct_dep)],
+                TRI_TO_STR[expr_value(self.rev_dep)],
+            )
+        )
+
+        # The reverse dependencies from each select are ORed together
+        for select in split_expr(self.rev_dep, OR):
+            if expr_value(select) <= expr_value(self.direct_dep):
+                # Only include selects that exceed the direct dependencies
+                continue
+
+            # - 'select A if B' turns into A && B
+            # - 'select A' just turns into A
+            #
+            # In both cases, we can split on AND and pick the first operand
+            selecting_sym = split_expr(select, AND)[0]
+
+            msg += "\n - {}, with value {}, direct dependencies {} " "(value: {})".format(
+                selecting_sym.name_and_loc,
+                selecting_sym.str_value,
+                expr_str(selecting_sym.direct_dep),
+                TRI_TO_STR[expr_value(selecting_sym.direct_dep)],
+            )
+
+            if select.__class__ is tuple:
+                msg += ", and select condition {} (value: {})".format(
+                    expr_str(select[2]), TRI_TO_STR[expr_value(select[2])]
+                )
+
+        self.kconfig._warn(msg)
+
+
+class Choice(object):
+    """
+    Represents a choice statement:
+
+      choice
+          ...
+      endchoice
+
+    The following attributes are available on Choice instances. They should be
+    treated as read-only, and some are implemented through @property magic (but
+    are still efficient to access due to internal caching).
+
+    Note: Prompts, help texts, and locations are stored in the Choice's
+    MenuNode(s) rather than in the Choice itself. Check the MenuNode class and
+    the Choice.nodes attribute. This organization matches the C tools.
+
+    name:
+      The name of the choice, e.g. "FOO" for 'choice FOO', or None if the
+      Choice has no name.
+
+    type:
+      The type of the choice. One of BOOL, TRISTATE, UNKNOWN. UNKNOWN is for
+      choices defined without a type where none of the contained symbols have a
+      type either (otherwise the choice inherits the type of the first symbol
+      defined with a type).
+
+      When running without modules (CONFIG_MODULES=n), TRISTATE choices
+      magically change type to BOOL. This matches the C tools, and makes sense
+      for menuconfig-like functionality.
+
+    orig_type:
+      The type as given in the Kconfig file, without any magic applied. Used
+      when printing the choice.
+
+    tri_value:
+      The tristate value (mode) of the choice. A choice can be in one of three
+      modes:
+
+        0 (n) - The choice is disabled and no symbols can be selected. For
+                visible choices, this mode is only possible for choices with
+                the 'optional' flag set (see kconfig-language.txt).
+
+        1 (m) - Any number of choice symbols can be set to m, the rest will
+                be n.
+
+        2 (y) - One symbol will be y, the rest n.
+
+      Only tristate choices can be in m mode. The visibility of the choice is
+      an upper bound on the mode, and the mode in turn is an upper bound on the
+      visibility of the choice symbols.
+
+      To change the mode, use Choice.set_value().
+
+      Implementation note:
+        The C tools internally represent choices as a type of symbol, with
+        special-casing in many code paths. This is why there is a lot of
+        similarity to Symbol. The value (mode) of a choice is really just a
+        normal symbol value, and an implicit reverse dependency forces its
+        lower bound to m for visible non-optional choices (the reverse
+        dependency is 'm && <visibility>').
+
+        Symbols within choices get the choice propagated as a dependency to
+        their properties. This turns the mode of the choice into an upper bound
+        on e.g. the visibility of choice symbols, and explains the gotcha
+        related to printing choice symbols mentioned in the module docstring.
+
+        Kconfiglib uses a separate Choice class only because it makes the code
+        and interface less confusing (especially in a user-facing interface).
+        Corresponding attributes have the same name in the Symbol and Choice
+        classes, for consistency and compatibility.
+
+    str_value:
+      Like choice.tri_value, but gives the value as one of the strings
+      "n", "m", or "y"
+
+    user_value:
+      The value (mode) selected by the user through Choice.set_value(). Either
+      0, 1, or 2, or None if the user hasn't selected a mode. See
+      Symbol.user_value.
+
+      WARNING: Do not assign directly to this. It will break things. Use
+      Choice.set_value() instead.
+
+    assignable:
+      See the symbol class documentation. Gives the assignable values (modes).
+
+    selection:
+      The Symbol instance of the currently selected symbol. None if the Choice
+      is not in y mode or has no selected symbol (due to unsatisfied
+      dependencies on choice symbols).
+
+      WARNING: Do not assign directly to this. It will break things. Call
+      sym.set_value(2) on the choice symbol you want to select instead.
+
+    user_selection:
+      The symbol selected by the user (by setting it to y). Ignored if the
+      choice is not in y mode, but still remembered so that the choice "snaps
+      back" to the user selection if the mode is changed back to y. This might
+      differ from 'selection' due to unsatisfied dependencies.
+
+      WARNING: Do not assign directly to this. It will break things. Call
+      sym.set_value(2) on the choice symbol to be selected instead.
+
+    visibility:
+      See the Symbol class documentation. Acts on the value (mode).
+
+    name_and_loc:
+      Holds a string like
+
+        "<choice MY_CHOICE> (defined at foo/Kconfig:12)"
+
+      , giving the name of the choice and its definition location(s). If the
+      choice has no name (isn't defined with 'choice MY_CHOICE'), then it will
+      be shown as "<choice>" before the list of locations (always a single one
+      in that case).
+
+    syms:
+      List of symbols contained in the choice.
+
+      Obscure gotcha: If a symbol depends on the previous symbol within a
+      choice so that an implicit menu is created, it won't be a choice symbol,
+      and won't be included in 'syms'.
+
+    nodes:
+      A list of MenuNodes for this choice. In practice, the list will probably
+      always contain a single MenuNode, but it is possible to give a choice a
+      name and define it in multiple locations.
+
+    defaults:
+      List of (symbol, cond) tuples for the choice's 'defaults' properties. For
+      example, 'default A if B && C' is represented as (A, (AND, B, C)). If
+      there is no condition, 'cond' is self.kconfig.y.
+
+      Note that 'depends on' and parent dependencies are propagated to
+      'default' conditions.
+
+    orig_defaults:
+      See the corresponding attribute on the MenuNode class.
+
+    direct_dep:
+      See Symbol.direct_dep.
+
+    referenced:
+      A set() with all symbols referenced in the properties and property
+      conditions of the choice.
+
+      Also includes dependencies from surrounding menus and ifs, because those
+      get propagated to the choice (see the 'Intro to symbol values' section in
+      the module docstring).
+
+    is_optional:
+      True if the choice has the 'optional' flag set on it and can be in
+      n mode.
+
+    kconfig:
+      The Kconfig instance this choice is from.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_cached_assignable",
+        "_cached_selection",
+        "_cached_vis",
+        "_dependents",
+        "_visited",
+        "_was_set",
+        "defaults",
+        "direct_dep",
+        "is_constant",
+        "is_optional",
+        "kconfig",
+        "name",
+        "nodes",
+        "orig_type",
+        "syms",
+        "user_selection",
+        "user_value",
+    )
+
+    #
+    # Public interface
+    #
+
+    @property
+    def type(self):
+        """
+        Returns the type of the choice. See Symbol.type.
+        """
+        if self.orig_type is TRISTATE and not self.kconfig.modules.tri_value:
+            return BOOL
+        return self.orig_type
+
+    @property
+    def str_value(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return TRI_TO_STR[self.tri_value]
+
+    @property
+    def tri_value(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        # This emulates a reverse dependency of 'm && visibility' for
+        # non-optional choices, which is how the C implementation does it
+
+        val = 0 if self.is_optional else 1
+
+        if self.user_value is not None:
+            val = max(val, self.user_value)
+
+        # Warning: See Symbol._rec_invalidate(), and note that this is a hidden
+        # function call (property magic)
+        val = min(val, self.visibility)
+
+        # Promote m to y for boolean choices
+        return 2 if val == 1 and self.type is BOOL else val
+
+    @property
+    def assignable(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        if self._cached_assignable is None:
+            self._cached_assignable = self._assignable()
+        return self._cached_assignable
+
+    @property
+    def visibility(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        if self._cached_vis is None:
+            self._cached_vis = _visibility(self)
+        return self._cached_vis
+
+    @property
+    def name_and_loc(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        # Reuse the expression format, which is '<choice (name, if any)>'.
+        return standard_sc_expr_str(self) + " " + _locs(self)
+
+    @property
+    def selection(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        if self._cached_selection is _NO_CACHED_SELECTION:
+            self._cached_selection = self._selection()
+        return self._cached_selection
+
+    def set_value(self, value):
+        """
+        Sets the user value (mode) of the choice. Like for Symbol.set_value(),
+        the visibility might truncate the value. Choices without the 'optional'
+        attribute (is_optional) can never be in n mode, but 0/"n" is still
+        accepted since it's not a malformed value (though it will have no
+        effect).
+
+        Returns True if the value is valid for the type of the choice, and
+        False otherwise. This only looks at the form of the value. Check the
+        Choice.assignable attribute to see what values are currently in range
+        and would actually be reflected in the mode of the choice.
+        """
+        if value in STR_TO_TRI:
+            value = STR_TO_TRI[value]
+
+        if value == self.user_value:
+            # We know the value must be valid if it was successfully set
+            # previously
+            self._was_set = True
+            return True
+
+        if not (
+            self.orig_type is BOOL
+            and value in (2, 0)
+            or self.orig_type is TRISTATE
+            and value in TRI_TO_STR
+        ):
+
+            # Display tristate values as n, m, y in the warning
+            self.kconfig._warn(
+                "the value {} is invalid for {}, which has type {} -- "
+                "assignment ignored".format(
+                    TRI_TO_STR[value] if value in TRI_TO_STR else "'{}'".format(value),
+                    self.name_and_loc,
+                    TYPE_TO_STR[self.orig_type],
+                )
+            )
+
+            return False
+
+        self.user_value = value
+        self._was_set = True
+        self._rec_invalidate()
+
+        return True
+
+    def unset_value(self):
+        """
+        Resets the user value (mode) and user selection of the Choice, as if
+        the user had never touched the mode or any of the choice symbols.
+        """
+        if self.user_value is not None or self.user_selection:
+            self.user_value = self.user_selection = None
+            self._rec_invalidate()
+
+    @property
+    def referenced(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return {item for node in self.nodes for item in node.referenced}
+
+    @property
+    def orig_defaults(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return [d for node in self.nodes for d in node.orig_defaults]
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Returns a string with information about the choice when it is evaluated
+        on e.g. the interactive Python prompt.
+        """
+        fields = ["choice " + self.name if self.name else "choice", TYPE_TO_STR[self.type]]
+        add = fields.append
+
+        for node in self.nodes:
+            if node.prompt:
+                add('"{}"'.format(node.prompt[0]))
+
+        add("mode " + self.str_value)
+
+        if self.user_value is not None:
+            add("user mode {}".format(TRI_TO_STR[self.user_value]))
+
+        if self.selection:
+            add("{} selected".format(self.selection.name))
+
+        if self.user_selection:
+            user_sel_str = "{} selected by user".format(self.user_selection.name)
+
+            if self.selection is not self.user_selection:
+                user_sel_str += " (overridden)"
+
+            add(user_sel_str)
+
+        add("visibility " + TRI_TO_STR[self.visibility])
+
+        if self.is_optional:
+            add("optional")
+
+        for node in self.nodes:
+            add("{}:{}".format(node.filename, node.linenr))
+
+        return "<{}>".format(", ".join(fields))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """
+        Returns a string representation of the choice when it is printed.
+        Matches the Kconfig format (though without the contained choice
+        symbols), with any parent dependencies propagated to the 'depends on'
+        condition.
+
+        The returned string does not end in a newline.
+
+        See Symbol.__str__() as well.
+        """
+        return self.custom_str(standard_sc_expr_str)
+
+    def custom_str(self, sc_expr_str_fn):
+        """
+        Works like Choice.__str__(), but allows a custom format to be used for
+        all symbol/choice references. See expr_str().
+        """
+        return "\n\n".join(node.custom_str(sc_expr_str_fn) for node in self.nodes)
+
+    #
+    # Private methods
+    #
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Choice constructor -- not intended to be called directly by Kconfiglib
+        clients.
+        """
+        # These attributes are always set on the instance from outside and
+        # don't need defaults:
+        #   direct_dep
+        #   kconfig
+
+        # - UNKNOWN == 0
+        # - _visited is used during dep. loop detection
+        self.orig_type = self._visited = 0
+
+        self.nodes = []
+
+        self.syms = []
+        self.defaults = []
+
+        self.name = (
+            self.user_value
+        ) = self.user_selection = self._cached_vis = self._cached_assignable = None
+
+        self._cached_selection = _NO_CACHED_SELECTION
+
+        # is_constant is checked by _depend_on(). Just set it to avoid having
+        # to special-case choices.
+        self.is_constant = self.is_optional = False
+
+        # See Kconfig._build_dep()
+        self._dependents = set()
+
+    def _assignable(self):
+        # Worker function for the 'assignable' attribute
+
+        # Warning: See Symbol._rec_invalidate(), and note that this is a hidden
+        # function call (property magic)
+        vis = self.visibility
+
+        if not vis:
+            return ()
+
+        if vis == 2:
+            if not self.is_optional:
+                return (2,) if self.type is BOOL else (1, 2)
+            return (0, 2) if self.type is BOOL else (0, 1, 2)
+
+        # vis == 1
+
+        return (0, 1) if self.is_optional else (1,)
+
+    def _selection(self):
+        # Worker function for the 'selection' attribute
+
+        # Warning: See Symbol._rec_invalidate(), and note that this is a hidden
+        # function call (property magic)
+        if self.tri_value != 2:
+            # Not in y mode, so no selection
+            return None
+
+        # Use the user selection if it's visible
+        if self.user_selection and self.user_selection.visibility:
+            return self.user_selection
+
+        # Otherwise, check if we have a default
+        return self._selection_from_defaults()
+
+    def _selection_from_defaults(self):
+        # Check if we have a default
+        for sym, cond in self.defaults:
+            # The default symbol must be visible too
+            if expr_value(cond) and sym.visibility:
+                return sym
+
+        # Otherwise, pick the first visible symbol, if any
+        for sym in self.syms:
+            if sym.visibility:
+                return sym
+
+        # Couldn't find a selection
+        return None
+
+    def _invalidate(self):
+        self._cached_vis = self._cached_assignable = None
+        self._cached_selection = _NO_CACHED_SELECTION
+
+    def _rec_invalidate(self):
+        # See Symbol._rec_invalidate()
+
+        self._invalidate()
+
+        for item in self._dependents:
+            if item._cached_vis is not None:
+                item._rec_invalidate()
+
+
+class MenuNode(object):
+    """
+    Represents a menu node in the configuration. This corresponds to an entry
+    in e.g. the 'make menuconfig' interface, though non-visible choices, menus,
+    and comments also get menu nodes. If a symbol or choice is defined in
+    multiple locations, it gets one menu node for each location.
+
+    The top-level menu node, corresponding to the implicit top-level menu, is
+    available in Kconfig.top_node.
+
+    The menu nodes for a Symbol or Choice can be found in the
+    Symbol/Choice.nodes attribute. Menus and comments are represented as plain
+    menu nodes, with their text stored in the prompt attribute (prompt[0]).
+    This mirrors the C implementation.
+
+    The following attributes are available on MenuNode instances. They should
+    be viewed as read-only.
+
+    item:
+      Either a Symbol, a Choice, or one of the constants MENU and COMMENT.
+      Menus and comments are represented as plain menu nodes. Ifs are collapsed
+      (matching the C implementation) and do not appear in the final menu tree.
+
+    next:
+      The following menu node. None if there is no following node.
+
+    list:
+      The first child menu node. None if there are no children.
+
+      Choices and menus naturally have children, but Symbols can also have
+      children because of menus created automatically from dependencies (see
+      kconfig-language.txt).
+
+    parent:
+      The parent menu node. None if there is no parent.
+
+    prompt:
+      A (string, cond) tuple with the prompt for the menu node and its
+      conditional expression (which is self.kconfig.y if there is no
+      condition). None if there is no prompt.
+
+      For symbols and choices, the prompt is stored in the MenuNode rather than
+      the Symbol or Choice instance. For menus and comments, the prompt holds
+      the text.
+
+    defaults:
+      The 'default' properties for this particular menu node. See
+      symbol.defaults.
+
+      When evaluating defaults, you should use Symbol/Choice.defaults instead,
+      as it include properties from all menu nodes (a symbol/choice can have
+      multiple definition locations/menu nodes). MenuNode.defaults is meant for
+      documentation generation.
+
+    selects:
+      Like MenuNode.defaults, for selects.
+
+    implies:
+      Like MenuNode.defaults, for implies.
+
+    ranges:
+      Like MenuNode.defaults, for ranges.
+
+    orig_prompt:
+    orig_defaults:
+    orig_selects:
+    orig_implies:
+    orig_ranges:
+      These work the like the corresponding attributes without orig_*, but omit
+      any dependencies propagated from 'depends on' and surrounding 'if's (the
+      direct dependencies, stored in MenuNode.dep).
+
+      One use for this is generating less cluttered documentation, by only
+      showing the direct dependencies in one place.
+
+    help:
+      The help text for the menu node for Symbols and Choices. None if there is
+      no help text. Always stored in the node rather than the Symbol or Choice.
+      It is possible to have a separate help text at each location if a symbol
+      is defined in multiple locations.
+
+      Trailing whitespace (including a final newline) is stripped from the help
+      text. This was not the case before Kconfiglib 10.21.0, where the format
+      was undocumented.
+
+    dep:
+      The direct ('depends on') dependencies for the menu node, or
+      self.kconfig.y if there are no direct dependencies.
+
+      This attribute includes any dependencies from surrounding menus and ifs.
+      Those get propagated to the direct dependencies, and the resulting direct
+      dependencies in turn get propagated to the conditions of all properties.
+
+      If a symbol or choice is defined in multiple locations, only the
+      properties defined at a particular location get the corresponding
+      MenuNode.dep dependencies propagated to them.
+
+    visibility:
+      The 'visible if' dependencies for the menu node (which must represent a
+      menu), or self.kconfig.y if there are no 'visible if' dependencies.
+      'visible if' dependencies are recursively propagated to the prompts of
+      symbols and choices within the menu.
+
+    referenced:
+      A set() with all symbols and choices referenced in the properties and
+      property conditions of the menu node.
+
+      Also includes dependencies inherited from surrounding menus and ifs.
+      Choices appear in the dependencies of choice symbols.
+
+    is_menuconfig:
+      Set to True if the children of the menu node should be displayed in a
+      separate menu. This is the case for the following items:
+
+        - Menus (node.item == MENU)
+
+        - Choices
+
+        - Symbols defined with the 'menuconfig' keyword. The children come from
+          implicitly created submenus, and should be displayed in a separate
+          menu rather than being indented.
+
+      'is_menuconfig' is just a hint on how to display the menu node. It's
+      ignored internally by Kconfiglib, except when printing symbols.
+
+    filename/linenr:
+      The location where the menu node appears. The filename is relative to
+      $srctree (or to the current directory if $srctree isn't set), except
+      absolute paths are used for paths outside $srctree.
+
+    include_path:
+      A tuple of (filename, linenr) tuples, giving the locations of the
+      'source' statements via which the Kconfig file containing this menu node
+      was included. The first element is the location of the 'source' statement
+      in the top-level Kconfig file passed to Kconfig.__init__(), etc.
+
+      Note that the Kconfig file of the menu node itself isn't included. Check
+      'filename' and 'linenr' for that.
+
+    kconfig:
+      The Kconfig instance the menu node is from.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "dep",
+        "filename",
+        "help",
+        "include_path",
+        "is_menuconfig",
+        "item",
+        "kconfig",
+        "linenr",
+        "list",
+        "next",
+        "parent",
+        "prompt",
+        "visibility",
+        # Properties
+        "defaults",
+        "selects",
+        "implies",
+        "ranges",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        # Properties defined on this particular menu node. A local 'depends on'
+        # only applies to these, in case a symbol is defined in multiple
+        # locations.
+        self.defaults = []
+        self.selects = []
+        self.implies = []
+        self.ranges = []
+
+    @property
+    def orig_prompt(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        if not self.prompt:
+            return None
+        return (self.prompt[0], self._strip_dep(self.prompt[1]))
+
+    @property
+    def orig_defaults(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return [(default, self._strip_dep(cond)) for default, cond in self.defaults]
+
+    @property
+    def orig_selects(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return [(select, self._strip_dep(cond)) for select, cond in self.selects]
+
+    @property
+    def orig_implies(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return [(imply, self._strip_dep(cond)) for imply, cond in self.implies]
+
+    @property
+    def orig_ranges(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return [(low, high, self._strip_dep(cond)) for low, high, cond in self.ranges]
+
+    @property
+    def referenced(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        # self.dep is included to catch dependencies from a lone 'depends on'
+        # when there are no properties to propagate it to
+        res = expr_items(self.dep)
+
+        if self.prompt:
+            res |= expr_items(self.prompt[1])
+
+        if self.item is MENU:
+            res |= expr_items(self.visibility)
+
+        for value, cond in self.defaults:
+            res |= expr_items(value)
+            res |= expr_items(cond)
+
+        for value, cond in self.selects:
+            res.add(value)
+            res |= expr_items(cond)
+
+        for value, cond in self.implies:
+            res.add(value)
+            res |= expr_items(cond)
+
+        for low, high, cond in self.ranges:
+            res.add(low)
+            res.add(high)
+            res |= expr_items(cond)
+
+        return res
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Returns a string with information about the menu node when it is
+        evaluated on e.g. the interactive Python prompt.
+        """
+        fields = []
+        add = fields.append
+
+        if self.item.__class__ is Symbol:
+            add("menu node for symbol " + self.item.name)
+
+        elif self.item.__class__ is Choice:
+            s = "menu node for choice"
+            if self.item.name is not None:
+                s += " " + self.item.name
+            add(s)
+
+        elif self.item is MENU:
+            add("menu node for menu")
+
+        else:  # self.item is COMMENT
+            add("menu node for comment")
+
+        if self.prompt:
+            add(
+                'prompt "{}" (visibility {})'.format(
+                    self.prompt[0], TRI_TO_STR[expr_value(self.prompt[1])]
+                )
+            )
+
+        if self.item.__class__ is Symbol and self.is_menuconfig:
+            add("is menuconfig")
+
+        add("deps " + TRI_TO_STR[expr_value(self.dep)])
+
+        if self.item is MENU:
+            add("'visible if' deps " + TRI_TO_STR[expr_value(self.visibility)])
+
+        if self.item.__class__ in _SYMBOL_CHOICE and self.help is not None:
+            add("has help")
+
+        if self.list:
+            add("has child")
+
+        if self.next:
+            add("has next")
+
+        add("{}:{}".format(self.filename, self.linenr))
+
+        return "<{}>".format(", ".join(fields))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """
+        Returns a string representation of the menu node. Matches the Kconfig
+        format, with any parent dependencies propagated to the 'depends on'
+        condition.
+
+        The output could (almost) be fed back into a Kconfig parser to redefine
+        the object associated with the menu node. See the module documentation
+        for a gotcha related to choice symbols.
+
+        For symbols and choices with multiple menu nodes (multiple definition
+        locations), properties that aren't associated with a particular menu
+        node are shown on all menu nodes ('option env=...', 'optional' for
+        choices, etc.).
+
+        The returned string does not end in a newline.
+        """
+        return self.custom_str(standard_sc_expr_str)
+
+    def custom_str(self, sc_expr_str_fn):
+        """
+        Works like MenuNode.__str__(), but allows a custom format to be used
+        for all symbol/choice references. See expr_str().
+        """
+        return (
+            self._menu_comment_node_str(sc_expr_str_fn)
+            if self.item in _MENU_COMMENT
+            else self._sym_choice_node_str(sc_expr_str_fn)
+        )
+
+    def _menu_comment_node_str(self, sc_expr_str_fn):
+        s = '{} "{}"'.format("menu" if self.item is MENU else "comment", self.prompt[0])
+
+        if self.dep is not self.kconfig.y:
+            s += "\n\tdepends on {}".format(expr_str(self.dep, sc_expr_str_fn))
+
+        if self.item is MENU and self.visibility is not self.kconfig.y:
+            s += "\n\tvisible if {}".format(expr_str(self.visibility, sc_expr_str_fn))
+
+        return s
+
+    def _sym_choice_node_str(self, sc_expr_str_fn):
+        def indent_add(s):
+            lines.append("\t" + s)
+
+        def indent_add_cond(s, cond):
+            if cond is not self.kconfig.y:
+                s += " if " + expr_str(cond, sc_expr_str_fn)
+            indent_add(s)
+
+        sc = self.item
+
+        if sc.__class__ is Symbol:
+            lines = [("menuconfig " if self.is_menuconfig else "config ") + sc.name]
+        else:
+            lines = ["choice " + sc.name if sc.name else "choice"]
+
+        if sc.orig_type and not self.prompt:  # sc.orig_type != UNKNOWN
+            # If there's a prompt, we'll use the '<type> "prompt"' shorthand
+            # instead
+            indent_add(TYPE_TO_STR[sc.orig_type])
+
+        if self.prompt:
+            if sc.orig_type:
+                prefix = TYPE_TO_STR[sc.orig_type]
+            else:
+                # Symbol defined without a type (which generates a warning)
+                prefix = "prompt"
+
+            indent_add_cond(prefix + ' "{}"'.format(escape(self.prompt[0])), self.orig_prompt[1])
+
+        if sc.__class__ is Symbol:
+            if sc.is_allnoconfig_y:
+                indent_add("option allnoconfig_y")
+
+            if sc is sc.kconfig.defconfig_list:
+                indent_add("option defconfig_list")
+
+            if sc.env_var is not None:
+                indent_add('option env="{}"'.format(sc.env_var))
+
+            if sc is sc.kconfig.modules:
+                indent_add("option modules")
+
+            for low, high, cond in self.orig_ranges:
+                indent_add_cond(
+                    "range {} {}".format(sc_expr_str_fn(low), sc_expr_str_fn(high)), cond
+                )
+
+        for default, cond in self.orig_defaults:
+            indent_add_cond("default " + expr_str(default, sc_expr_str_fn), cond)
+
+        if sc.__class__ is Choice and sc.is_optional:
+            indent_add("optional")
+
+        if sc.__class__ is Symbol:
+            for select, cond in self.orig_selects:
+                indent_add_cond("select " + sc_expr_str_fn(select), cond)
+
+            for imply, cond in self.orig_implies:
+                indent_add_cond("imply " + sc_expr_str_fn(imply), cond)
+
+        if self.dep is not sc.kconfig.y:
+            indent_add("depends on " + expr_str(self.dep, sc_expr_str_fn))
+
+        if self.help is not None:
+            indent_add("help")
+            for line in self.help.splitlines():
+                indent_add("  " + line)
+
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    def _strip_dep(self, expr):
+        # Helper function for removing MenuNode.dep from 'expr'. Uses two
+        # pieces of internal knowledge: (1) Expressions are reused rather than
+        # copied, and (2) the direct dependencies always appear at the end.
+
+        # ... if dep -> ... if y
+        if self.dep is expr:
+            return self.kconfig.y
+
+        # (AND, X, dep) -> X
+        if expr.__class__ is tuple and expr[0] is AND and expr[2] is self.dep:
+            return expr[1]
+
+        return expr
+
+
+class Variable(object):
+    """
+    Represents a preprocessor variable/function.
+
+    The following attributes are available:
+
+    name:
+      The name of the variable.
+
+    value:
+      The unexpanded value of the variable.
+
+    expanded_value:
+      The expanded value of the variable. For simple variables (those defined
+      with :=), this will equal 'value'. Accessing this property will raise a
+      KconfigError if the expansion seems to be stuck in a loop.
+
+      Accessing this field is the same as calling expanded_value_w_args() with
+      no arguments. I hadn't considered function arguments when adding it. It
+      is retained for backwards compatibility though.
+
+    is_recursive:
+      True if the variable is recursive (defined with =).
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_n_expansions",
+        "is_recursive",
+        "kconfig",
+        "name",
+        "value",
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def expanded_value(self):
+        """
+        See the class documentation.
+        """
+        return self.expanded_value_w_args()
+
+    def expanded_value_w_args(self, *args):
+        """
+        Returns the expanded value of the variable/function. Any arguments
+        passed will be substituted for $(1), $(2), etc.
+
+        Raises a KconfigError if the expansion seems to be stuck in a loop.
+        """
+        return self.kconfig._fn_val((self.name,) + args)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<variable {}, {}, value '{}'>".format(
+            self.name, "recursive" if self.is_recursive else "immediate", self.value
+        )
+
+
+class KconfigError(Exception):
+    """
+    Exception raised for Kconfig-related errors.
+
+    KconfigError and KconfigSyntaxError are the same class. The
+    KconfigSyntaxError alias is only maintained for backwards compatibility.
+    """
+
+
+KconfigSyntaxError = KconfigError  # Backwards compatibility
+
+
+class InternalError(Exception):
+    "Never raised. Kept around for backwards compatibility."
+
+
+# Workaround:
+#
+# If 'errno' and 'strerror' are set on IOError, then __str__() always returns
+# "[Errno <errno>] <strerror>", ignoring any custom message passed to the
+# constructor. By defining our own subclass, we can use a custom message while
+# also providing 'errno', 'strerror', and 'filename' to scripts.
+class _KconfigIOError(IOError):
+    def __init__(self, ioerror, msg):
+        self.msg = msg
+        super(_KconfigIOError, self).__init__(ioerror.errno, ioerror.strerror, ioerror.filename)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.msg
+
+
+#
+# Public functions
+#
+
+
+def expr_value(expr):
+    """
+    Evaluates the expression 'expr' to a tristate value. Returns 0 (n), 1 (m),
+    or 2 (y).
+
+    'expr' must be an already-parsed expression from a Symbol, Choice, or
+    MenuNode property. To evaluate an expression represented as a string, use
+    Kconfig.eval_string().
+
+    Passing subexpressions of expressions to this function works as expected.
+    """
+    if expr.__class__ is not tuple:
+        return expr.tri_value
+
+    if expr[0] is AND:
+        v1 = expr_value(expr[1])
+        # Short-circuit the n case as an optimization (~5% faster
+        # allnoconfig.py and allyesconfig.py, as of writing)
+        return 0 if not v1 else min(v1, expr_value(expr[2]))
+
+    if expr[0] is OR:
+        v1 = expr_value(expr[1])
+        # Short-circuit the y case as an optimization
+        return 2 if v1 == 2 else max(v1, expr_value(expr[2]))
+
+    if expr[0] is NOT:
+        return 2 - expr_value(expr[1])
+
+    # Relation
+    #
+    # Implements <, <=, >, >= comparisons as well. These were added to
+    # kconfig in 31847b67 (kconfig: allow use of relations other than
+    # (in)equality).
+
+    rel, v1, v2 = expr
+
+    # If both operands are strings...
+    if v1.orig_type is STRING and v2.orig_type is STRING:
+        # ...then compare them lexicographically
+        comp = _strcmp(v1.str_value, v2.str_value)
+    else:
+        # Otherwise, try to compare them as numbers
+        try:
+            comp = _sym_to_num(v1) - _sym_to_num(v2)
+        except ValueError:
+            # Fall back on a lexicographic comparison if the operands don't
+            # parse as numbers
+            comp = _strcmp(v1.str_value, v2.str_value)
+
+    return 2 * (
+        comp == 0
+        if rel is EQUAL
+        else comp != 0
+        if rel is UNEQUAL
+        else comp < 0
+        if rel is LESS
+        else comp <= 0
+        if rel is LESS_EQUAL
+        else comp > 0
+        if rel is GREATER
+        else comp >= 0
+    )
+
+
+def standard_sc_expr_str(sc):
+    """
+    Standard symbol/choice printing function. Uses plain Kconfig syntax, and
+    displays choices as <choice> (or <choice NAME>, for named choices).
+
+    See expr_str().
+    """
+    if sc.__class__ is Symbol:
+        if sc.is_constant and sc.name not in STR_TO_TRI:
+            return '"{}"'.format(escape(sc.name))
+        return sc.name
+
+    return "<choice {}>".format(sc.name) if sc.name else "<choice>"
+
+
+def expr_str(expr, sc_expr_str_fn=standard_sc_expr_str):
+    """
+    Returns the string representation of the expression 'expr', as in a Kconfig
+    file.
+
+    Passing subexpressions of expressions to this function works as expected.
+
+    sc_expr_str_fn (default: standard_sc_expr_str):
+      This function is called for every symbol/choice (hence "sc") appearing in
+      the expression, with the symbol/choice as the argument. It is expected to
+      return a string to be used for the symbol/choice.
+
+      This can be used e.g. to turn symbols/choices into links when generating
+      documentation, or for printing the value of each symbol/choice after it.
+
+      Note that quoted values are represented as constants symbols
+      (Symbol.is_constant == True).
+    """
+    if expr.__class__ is not tuple:
+        return sc_expr_str_fn(expr)
+
+    if expr[0] is AND:
+        return "{} && {}".format(
+            _parenthesize(expr[1], OR, sc_expr_str_fn), _parenthesize(expr[2], OR, sc_expr_str_fn)
+        )
+
+    if expr[0] is OR:
+        # This turns A && B || C && D into "(A && B) || (C && D)", which is
+        # redundant, but more readable
+        return "{} || {}".format(
+            _parenthesize(expr[1], AND, sc_expr_str_fn), _parenthesize(expr[2], AND, sc_expr_str_fn)
+        )
+
+    if expr[0] is NOT:
+        if expr[1].__class__ is tuple:
+            return "!({})".format(expr_str(expr[1], sc_expr_str_fn))
+        return "!" + sc_expr_str_fn(expr[1])  # Symbol
+
+    # Relation
+    #
+    # Relation operands are always symbols (quoted strings are constant
+    # symbols)
+    return "{} {} {}".format(sc_expr_str_fn(expr[1]), REL_TO_STR[expr[0]], sc_expr_str_fn(expr[2]))
+
+
+def expr_items(expr):
+    """
+    Returns a set() of all items (symbols and choices) that appear in the
+    expression 'expr'.
+
+    Passing subexpressions of expressions to this function works as expected.
+    """
+    res = set()
+
+    def rec(subexpr):
+        if subexpr.__class__ is tuple:
+            # AND, OR, NOT, or relation
+
+            rec(subexpr[1])
+
+            # NOTs only have a single operand
+            if subexpr[0] is not NOT:
+                rec(subexpr[2])
+
+        else:
+            # Symbol or choice
+            res.add(subexpr)
+
+    rec(expr)
+    return res
+
+
+def split_expr(expr, op):
+    """
+    Returns a list containing the top-level AND or OR operands in the
+    expression 'expr', in the same (left-to-right) order as they appear in
+    the expression.
+
+    This can be handy e.g. for splitting (weak) reverse dependencies
+    from 'select' and 'imply' into individual selects/implies.
+
+    op:
+      Either AND to get AND operands, or OR to get OR operands.
+
+      (Having this as an operand might be more future-safe than having two
+      hardcoded functions.)
+
+
+    Pseudo-code examples:
+
+      split_expr( A                    , OR  )  ->  [A]
+      split_expr( A && B               , OR  )  ->  [A && B]
+      split_expr( A || B               , OR  )  ->  [A, B]
+      split_expr( A || B               , AND )  ->  [A || B]
+      split_expr( A || B || (C && D)   , OR  )  ->  [A, B, C && D]
+
+      # Second || is not at the top level
+      split_expr( A || (B && (C || D)) , OR )  ->  [A, B && (C || D)]
+
+      # Parentheses don't matter as long as we stay at the top level (don't
+      # encounter any non-'op' nodes)
+      split_expr( (A || B) || C        , OR )  ->  [A, B, C]
+      split_expr( A || (B || C)        , OR )  ->  [A, B, C]
+    """
+    res = []
+
+    def rec(subexpr):
+        if subexpr.__class__ is tuple and subexpr[0] is op:
+            rec(subexpr[1])
+            rec(subexpr[2])
+        else:
+            res.append(subexpr)
+
+    rec(expr)
+    return res
+
+
+def escape(s):
+    r"""
+    Escapes the string 's' in the same fashion as is done for display in
+    Kconfig format and when writing strings to a .config file. " and \ are
+    replaced by \" and \\, respectively.
+    """
+    # \ must be escaped before " to avoid double escaping
+    return s.replace("\\", r"\\").replace('"', r"\"")
+
+
+def unescape(s):
+    r"""
+    Unescapes the string 's'. \ followed by any character is replaced with just
+    that character. Used internally when reading .config files.
+    """
+    return _unescape_sub(r"\1", s)
+
+
+# unescape() helper
+_unescape_sub = re.compile(r"\\(.)").sub
+
+
+def standard_kconfig(description=None):
+    """
+    Argument parsing helper for tools that take a single optional Kconfig file
+    argument (default: Kconfig). Returns the Kconfig instance for the parsed
+    configuration. Uses argparse internally.
+
+    Exits with sys.exit() (which raises SystemExit) on errors.
+
+    description (default: None):
+      The 'description' passed to argparse.ArgumentParser().
+      argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter is used, so formatting is preserved.
+    """
+    import argparse
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter, description=description
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "kconfig",
+        metavar="KCONFIG",
+        default="Kconfig",
+        nargs="?",
+        help="Top-level Kconfig file (default: Kconfig)",
+    )
+
+    return Kconfig(parser.parse_args().kconfig, suppress_traceback=True)
+
+
+def standard_config_filename():
+    """
+    Helper for tools. Returns the value of KCONFIG_CONFIG (which specifies the
+    .config file to load/save) if it is set, and ".config" otherwise.
+
+    Calling load_config() with filename=None might give the behavior you want,
+    without having to use this function.
+    """
+    return os.getenv("KCONFIG_CONFIG", ".config")
+
+
+def load_allconfig(kconf, filename):
+    """
+    Use Kconfig.load_allconfig() instead, which was added in Kconfiglib 13.4.0.
+    Supported for backwards compatibility. Might be removed at some point after
+    a long period of deprecation warnings.
+    """
+    allconfig = os.getenv("KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG")
+    if allconfig is None:
+        return
+
+    def std_msg(e):
+        # "Upcasts" a _KconfigIOError to an IOError, removing the custom
+        # __str__() message. The standard message is better here.
+        #
+        # This might also convert an OSError to an IOError in obscure cases,
+        # but it's probably not a big deal. The distinction is shaky (see
+        # PEP-3151).
+        return IOError(e.errno, e.strerror, e.filename)
+
+    old_warn_assign_override = kconf.warn_assign_override
+    old_warn_assign_redun = kconf.warn_assign_redun
+    kconf.warn_assign_override = kconf.warn_assign_redun = False
+
+    if allconfig in ("", "1"):
+        try:
+            print(kconf.load_config(filename, False))
+        except EnvironmentError as e1:
+            try:
+                print(kconf.load_config("all.config", False))
+            except EnvironmentError as e2:
+                sys.exit(
+                    "error: KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG is set, but neither {} "
+                    "nor all.config could be opened: {}, {}".format(
+                        filename, std_msg(e1), std_msg(e2)
+                    )
+                )
+    else:
+        try:
+            print(kconf.load_config(allconfig, False))
+        except EnvironmentError as e:
+            sys.exit(
+                "error: KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG is set to '{}', which "
+                "could not be opened: {}".format(allconfig, std_msg(e))
+            )
+
+    kconf.warn_assign_override = old_warn_assign_override
+    kconf.warn_assign_redun = old_warn_assign_redun
+
+
+#
+# Internal functions
+#
+
+
+def _visibility(sc):
+    # Symbols and Choices have a "visibility" that acts as an upper bound on
+    # the values a user can set for them, corresponding to the visibility in
+    # e.g. 'make menuconfig'. This function calculates the visibility for the
+    # Symbol or Choice 'sc' -- the logic is nearly identical.
+
+    vis = 0
+
+    for node in sc.nodes:
+        if node.prompt:
+            vis = max(vis, expr_value(node.prompt[1]))
+
+    if sc.__class__ is Symbol and sc.choice:
+        if (
+            sc.choice.orig_type is TRISTATE
+            and sc.orig_type is not TRISTATE
+            and sc.choice.tri_value != 2
+        ):
+            # Non-tristate choice symbols are only visible in y mode
+            return 0
+
+        if sc.orig_type is TRISTATE and vis == 1 and sc.choice.tri_value == 2:
+            # Choice symbols with m visibility are not visible in y mode
+            return 0
+
+    # Promote m to y if we're dealing with a non-tristate (possibly due to
+    # modules being disabled)
+    if vis == 1 and sc.type is not TRISTATE:
+        return 2
+
+    return vis
+
+
+def _depend_on(sc, expr):
+    # Adds 'sc' (symbol or choice) as a "dependee" to all symbols in 'expr'.
+    # Constant symbols in 'expr' are skipped as they can never change value
+    # anyway.
+
+    if expr.__class__ is tuple:
+        # AND, OR, NOT, or relation
+
+        _depend_on(sc, expr[1])
+
+        # NOTs only have a single operand
+        if expr[0] is not NOT:
+            _depend_on(sc, expr[2])
+
+    elif not expr.is_constant:
+        # Non-constant symbol, or choice
+        expr._dependents.add(sc)
+
+
+def _parenthesize(expr, type_, sc_expr_str_fn):
+    # expr_str() helper. Adds parentheses around expressions of type 'type_'.
+
+    if expr.__class__ is tuple and expr[0] is type_:
+        return "({})".format(expr_str(expr, sc_expr_str_fn))
+    return expr_str(expr, sc_expr_str_fn)
+
+
+def _ordered_unique(lst):
+    # Returns 'lst' with any duplicates removed, preserving order. This hacky
+    # version seems to be a common idiom. It relies on short-circuit evaluation
+    # and set.add() returning None, which is falsy.
+
+    seen = set()
+    seen_add = seen.add
+    return [x for x in lst if x not in seen and not seen_add(x)]
+
+
+def _is_base_n(s, n):
+    try:
+        int(s, n)
+        return True
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+
+
+def _strcmp(s1, s2):
+    # strcmp()-alike that returns -1, 0, or 1
+
+    return (s1 > s2) - (s1 < s2)
+
+
+def _sym_to_num(sym):
+    # expr_value() helper for converting a symbol to a number. Raises
+    # ValueError for symbols that can't be converted.
+
+    # For BOOL and TRISTATE, n/m/y count as 0/1/2. This mirrors 9059a3493ef
+    # ("kconfig: fix relational operators for bool and tristate symbols") in
+    # the C implementation.
+    return (
+        sym.tri_value
+        if sym.orig_type in _BOOL_TRISTATE
+        else int(sym.str_value, _TYPE_TO_BASE[sym.orig_type])
+    )
+
+
+def _touch_dep_file(path, sym_name):
+    # If sym_name is MY_SYM_NAME, touches my/sym/name.h. See the sync_deps()
+    # docstring.
+
+    sym_path = path + os.sep + sym_name.lower().replace("_", os.sep) + ".h"
+    sym_path_dir = dirname(sym_path)
+    if not exists(sym_path_dir):
+        os.makedirs(sym_path_dir, 0o755)
+
+    # A kind of truncating touch, mirroring the C tools
+    os.close(os.open(sym_path, os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_TRUNC, 0o644))
+
+
+def _save_old(path):
+    # See write_config()
+
+    def copy(src, dst):
+        # Import as needed, to save some startup time
+        import shutil
+
+        shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
+
+    if islink(path):
+        # Preserve symlinks
+        copy_fn = copy
+    elif hasattr(os, "replace"):
+        # Python 3 (3.3+) only. Best choice when available, because it
+        # removes <filename>.old on both *nix and Windows.
+        copy_fn = os.replace
+    elif os.name == "posix":
+        # Removes <filename>.old on POSIX systems
+        copy_fn = os.rename
+    else:
+        # Fall back on copying
+        copy_fn = copy
+
+    try:
+        copy_fn(path, path + ".old")
+    except Exception:
+        # Ignore errors from 'path' missing as well as other errors.
+        # <filename>.old file is usually more of a nice-to-have, and not worth
+        # erroring out over e.g. if <filename>.old happens to be a directory or
+        # <filename> is something like /dev/null.
+        pass
+
+
+def _locs(sc):
+    # Symbol/Choice.name_and_loc helper. Returns the "(defined at ...)" part of
+    # the string. 'sc' is a Symbol or Choice.
+
+    if sc.nodes:
+        return "(defined at {})".format(
+            ", ".join("{0.filename}:{0.linenr}".format(node) for node in sc.nodes)
+        )
+
+    return "(undefined)"
+
+
+# Menu manipulation
+
+
+def _expr_depends_on(expr, sym):
+    # Reimplementation of expr_depends_symbol() from mconf.c. Used to determine
+    # if a submenu should be implicitly created. This also influences which
+    # items inside choice statements are considered choice items.
+
+    if expr.__class__ is not tuple:
+        return expr is sym
+
+    if expr[0] in _EQUAL_UNEQUAL:
+        # Check for one of the following:
+        # sym = m/y, m/y = sym, sym != n, n != sym
+
+        left, right = expr[1:]
+
+        if right is sym:
+            left, right = right, left
+        elif left is not sym:
+            return False
+
+        return (expr[0] is EQUAL and right is sym.kconfig.m or right is sym.kconfig.y) or (
+            expr[0] is UNEQUAL and right is sym.kconfig.n
+        )
+
+    return expr[0] is AND and (_expr_depends_on(expr[1], sym) or _expr_depends_on(expr[2], sym))
+
+
+def _auto_menu_dep(node1, node2):
+    # Returns True if node2 has an "automatic menu dependency" on node1. If
+    # node2 has a prompt, we check its condition. Otherwise, we look directly
+    # at node2.dep.
+
+    return _expr_depends_on(node2.prompt[1] if node2.prompt else node2.dep, node1.item)
+
+
+def _flatten(node):
+    # "Flattens" menu nodes without prompts (e.g. 'if' nodes and non-visible
+    # symbols with children from automatic menu creation) so that their
+    # children appear after them instead. This gives a clean menu structure
+    # with no unexpected "jumps" in the indentation.
+    #
+    # Do not flatten promptless choices (which can appear "legitimately" if a
+    # named choice is defined in multiple locations to add on symbols). It
+    # looks confusing, and the menuconfig already shows all choice symbols if
+    # you enter the choice at some location with a prompt.
+
+    while node:
+        if node.list and not node.prompt and node.item.__class__ is not Choice:
+
+            last_node = node.list
+            while 1:
+                last_node.parent = node.parent
+                if not last_node.next:
+                    break
+                last_node = last_node.next
+
+            last_node.next = node.next
+            node.next = node.list
+            node.list = None
+
+        node = node.next
+
+
+def _remove_ifs(node):
+    # Removes 'if' nodes (which can be recognized by MenuNode.item being None),
+    # which are assumed to already have been flattened. The C implementation
+    # doesn't bother to do this, but we expose the menu tree directly, and it
+    # makes it nicer to work with.
+
+    cur = node.list
+    while cur and not cur.item:
+        cur = cur.next
+
+    node.list = cur
+
+    while cur:
+        next = cur.next
+        while next and not next.item:
+            next = next.next
+
+        # Equivalent to
+        #
+        #   cur.next = next
+        #   cur = next
+        #
+        # due to tricky Python semantics. The order matters.
+        cur.next = cur = next
+
+
+def _finalize_choice(node):
+    # Finalizes a choice, marking each symbol whose menu node has the choice as
+    # the parent as a choice symbol, and automatically determining types if not
+    # specified.
+
+    choice = node.item
+
+    cur = node.list
+    while cur:
+        if cur.item.__class__ is Symbol:
+            cur.item.choice = choice
+            choice.syms.append(cur.item)
+        cur = cur.next
+
+    # If no type is specified for the choice, its type is that of
+    # the first choice item with a specified type
+    if not choice.orig_type:
+        for item in choice.syms:
+            if item.orig_type:
+                choice.orig_type = item.orig_type
+                break
+
+    # Each choice item of UNKNOWN type gets the type of the choice
+    for sym in choice.syms:
+        if not sym.orig_type:
+            sym.orig_type = choice.orig_type
+
+
+def _check_dep_loop_sym(sym, ignore_choice):
+    # Detects dependency loops using depth-first search on the dependency graph
+    # (which is calculated earlier in Kconfig._build_dep()).
+    #
+    # Algorithm:
+    #
+    #  1. Symbols/choices start out with _visited = 0, meaning unvisited.
+    #
+    #  2. When a symbol/choice is first visited, _visited is set to 1, meaning
+    #     "visited, potentially part of a dependency loop". The recursive
+    #     search then continues from the symbol/choice.
+    #
+    #  3. If we run into a symbol/choice X with _visited already set to 1,
+    #     there's a dependency loop. The loop is found on the call stack by
+    #     recording symbols while returning ("on the way back") until X is seen
+    #     again.
+    #
+    #  4. Once a symbol/choice and all its dependencies (or dependents in this
+    #     case) have been checked recursively without detecting any loops, its
+    #     _visited is set to 2, meaning "visited, not part of a dependency
+    #     loop".
+    #
+    #     This saves work if we run into the symbol/choice again in later calls
+    #     to _check_dep_loop_sym(). We just return immediately.
+    #
+    # Choices complicate things, as every choice symbol depends on every other
+    # choice symbol in a sense. When a choice is "entered" via a choice symbol
+    # X, we visit all choice symbols from the choice except X, and prevent
+    # immediately revisiting the choice with a flag (ignore_choice).
+    #
+    # Maybe there's a better way to handle this (different flags or the
+    # like...)
+
+    if not sym._visited:
+        # sym._visited == 0, unvisited
+
+        sym._visited = 1
+
+        for dep in sym._dependents:
+            # Choices show up in Symbol._dependents when the choice has the
+            # symbol in a 'prompt' or 'default' condition (e.g.
+            # 'default ... if SYM').
+            #
+            # Since we aren't entering the choice via a choice symbol, all
+            # choice symbols need to be checked, hence the None.
+            loop = (
+                _check_dep_loop_choice(dep, None)
+                if dep.__class__ is Choice
+                else _check_dep_loop_sym(dep, False)
+            )
+
+            if loop:
+                # Dependency loop found
+                return _found_dep_loop(loop, sym)
+
+        if sym.choice and not ignore_choice:
+            loop = _check_dep_loop_choice(sym.choice, sym)
+            if loop:
+                # Dependency loop found
+                return _found_dep_loop(loop, sym)
+
+        # The symbol is not part of a dependency loop
+        sym._visited = 2
+
+        # No dependency loop found
+        return None
+
+    if sym._visited == 2:
+        # The symbol was checked earlier and is already known to not be part of
+        # a dependency loop
+        return None
+
+    # sym._visited == 1, found a dependency loop. Return the symbol as the
+    # first element in it.
+    return (sym,)
+
+
+def _check_dep_loop_choice(choice, skip):
+    if not choice._visited:
+        # choice._visited == 0, unvisited
+
+        choice._visited = 1
+
+        # Check for loops involving choice symbols. If we came here via a
+        # choice symbol, skip that one, as we'd get a false positive
+        # '<sym FOO> -> <choice> -> <sym FOO>' loop otherwise.
+        for sym in choice.syms:
+            if sym is not skip:
+                # Prevent the choice from being immediately re-entered via the
+                # "is a choice symbol" path by passing True
+                loop = _check_dep_loop_sym(sym, True)
+                if loop:
+                    # Dependency loop found
+                    return _found_dep_loop(loop, choice)
+
+        # The choice is not part of a dependency loop
+        choice._visited = 2
+
+        # No dependency loop found
+        return None
+
+    if choice._visited == 2:
+        # The choice was checked earlier and is already known to not be part of
+        # a dependency loop
+        return None
+
+    # choice._visited == 1, found a dependency loop. Return the choice as the
+    # first element in it.
+    return (choice,)
+
+
+def _found_dep_loop(loop, cur):
+    # Called "on the way back" when we know we have a loop
+
+    # Is the symbol/choice 'cur' where the loop started?
+    if cur is not loop[0]:
+        # Nope, it's just a part of the loop
+        return loop + (cur,)
+
+    # Yep, we have the entire loop. Throw an exception that shows it.
+
+    msg = "\nDependency loop\n" "===============\n\n"
+
+    for item in loop:
+        if item is not loop[0]:
+            msg += "...depends on "
+            if item.__class__ is Symbol and item.choice:
+                msg += "the choice symbol "
+
+        msg += "{}, with definition...\n\n{}\n\n".format(item.name_and_loc, item)
+
+        # Small wart: Since we reuse the already calculated
+        # Symbol/Choice._dependents sets for recursive dependency detection, we
+        # lose information on whether a dependency came from a 'select'/'imply'
+        # condition or e.g. a 'depends on'.
+        #
+        # This might cause selecting symbols to "disappear". For example,
+        # a symbol B having 'select A if C' gives a direct dependency from A to
+        # C, since it corresponds to a reverse dependency of B && C.
+        #
+        # Always print reverse dependencies for symbols that have them to make
+        # sure information isn't lost. I wonder if there's some neat way to
+        # improve this.
+
+        if item.__class__ is Symbol:
+            if item.rev_dep is not item.kconfig.n:
+                msg += "(select-related dependencies: {})\n\n".format(expr_str(item.rev_dep))
+
+            if item.weak_rev_dep is not item.kconfig.n:
+                msg += "(imply-related dependencies: {})\n\n".format(expr_str(item.rev_dep))
+
+    msg += "...depends again on " + loop[0].name_and_loc
+
+    raise KconfigError(msg)
+
+
+def _decoding_error(e, filename, macro_linenr=None):
+    # Gives the filename and context for UnicodeDecodeError's, which are a pain
+    # to debug otherwise. 'e' is the UnicodeDecodeError object.
+    #
+    # If the decoding error is for the output of a $(shell,...) command,
+    # macro_linenr holds the line number where it was run (the exact line
+    # number isn't available for decoding errors in files).
+
+    raise KconfigError(
+        "\n"
+        "Malformed {} in {}\n"
+        "Context: {}\n"
+        "Problematic data: {}\n"
+        "Reason: {}".format(
+            e.encoding,
+            "'{}'".format(filename)
+            if macro_linenr is None
+            else "output from macro at {}:{}".format(filename, macro_linenr),
+            e.object[max(e.start - 40, 0) : e.end + 40],
+            e.object[e.start : e.end],
+            e.reason,
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def _warn_verbose_deprecated(fn_name):
+    sys.stderr.write(
+        "Deprecation warning: {0}()'s 'verbose' argument has no effect. Since "
+        "Kconfiglib 12.0.0, the message is returned from {0}() instead, "
+        "and is always generated. Do e.g. print(kconf.{0}()) if you want to "
+        "want to show a message like \"Loaded configuration '.config'\" on "
+        "stdout. The old API required ugly hacks to reuse messages in "
+        "configuration interfaces.\n".format(fn_name)
+    )
+
+
+# Predefined preprocessor functions
+
+
+def _filename_fn(kconf, _):
+    return kconf.filename
+
+
+def _lineno_fn(kconf, _):
+    return str(kconf.linenr)
+
+
+def _info_fn(kconf, _, msg):
+    print("{}:{}: {}".format(kconf.filename, kconf.linenr, msg))
+
+    return ""
+
+
+def _warning_if_fn(kconf, _, cond, msg):
+    if cond == "y":
+        kconf._warn(msg, kconf.filename, kconf.linenr)
+
+    return ""
+
+
+def _error_if_fn(kconf, _, cond, msg):
+    if cond == "y":
+        raise KconfigError("{}:{}: {}".format(kconf.filename, kconf.linenr, msg))
+
+    return ""
+
+
+def _shell_fn(kconf, _, command):
+    import subprocess  # Only import as needed, to save some startup time
+
+    stdout, stderr = subprocess.Popen(
+        command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE
+    ).communicate()
+
+    if not _IS_PY2:
+        try:
+            stdout = stdout.decode(kconf._encoding)
+            stderr = stderr.decode(kconf._encoding)
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+            _decoding_error(e, kconf.filename, kconf.linenr)
+
+    if stderr:
+        kconf._warn(
+            "'{}' wrote to stderr: {}".format(command, "\n".join(stderr.splitlines())),
+            kconf.filename,
+            kconf.linenr,
+        )
+
+    # Universal newlines with splitlines() (to prevent e.g. stray \r's in
+    # command output on Windows), trailing newline removal, and
+    # newline-to-space conversion.
+    #
+    # On Python 3 versions before 3.6, it's not possible to specify the
+    # encoding when passing universal_newlines=True to Popen() (the 'encoding'
+    # parameter was added in 3.6), so we do this manual version instead.
+    return "\n".join(stdout.splitlines()).rstrip("\n").replace("\n", " ")
+
+
+#
+# Global constants
+#
+
+TRI_TO_STR = {
+    0: "n",
+    1: "m",
+    2: "y",
+}
+
+STR_TO_TRI = {
+    "n": 0,
+    "m": 1,
+    "y": 2,
+}
+
+# Constant representing that there's no cached choice selection. This is
+# distinct from a cached None (no selection). Any object that's not None or a
+# Symbol will do. We test this with 'is'.
+_NO_CACHED_SELECTION = 0
+
+# Are we running on Python 2?
+_IS_PY2 = sys.version_info[0] < 3
+
+try:
+    _UNAME_RELEASE = os.uname()[2]
+except AttributeError:
+    # Only import as needed, to save some startup time
+    import platform
+
+    _UNAME_RELEASE = platform.uname()[2]
+
+# The token and type constants below are safe to test with 'is', which is a bit
+# faster (~30% faster on my machine, and a few % faster for total parsing
+# time), even without assuming Python's small integer optimization (which
+# caches small integer objects). The constants end up pointing to unique
+# integer objects, and since we consistently refer to them via the names below,
+# we always get the same object.
+#
+# Client code should use == though.
+
+# Tokens, with values 1, 2, ... . Avoiding 0 simplifies some checks by making
+# all tokens except empty strings truthy.
+(
+    _T_ALLNOCONFIG_Y,
+    _T_AND,
+    _T_BOOL,
+    _T_CHOICE,
+    _T_CLOSE_PAREN,
+    _T_COMMENT,
+    _T_CONFIG,
+    _T_DEFAULT,
+    _T_DEFCONFIG_LIST,
+    _T_DEF_BOOL,
+    _T_DEF_HEX,
+    _T_DEF_INT,
+    _T_DEF_STRING,
+    _T_DEF_TRISTATE,
+    _T_DEPENDS,
+    _T_ENDCHOICE,
+    _T_ENDIF,
+    _T_ENDMENU,
+    _T_ENV,
+    _T_EQUAL,
+    _T_GREATER,
+    _T_GREATER_EQUAL,
+    _T_HELP,
+    _T_HEX,
+    _T_IF,
+    _T_IMPLY,
+    _T_INT,
+    _T_LESS,
+    _T_LESS_EQUAL,
+    _T_MAINMENU,
+    _T_MENU,
+    _T_MENUCONFIG,
+    _T_MODULES,
+    _T_NOT,
+    _T_ON,
+    _T_OPEN_PAREN,
+    _T_OPTION,
+    _T_OPTIONAL,
+    _T_OR,
+    _T_ORSOURCE,
+    _T_OSOURCE,
+    _T_PROMPT,
+    _T_RANGE,
+    _T_RSOURCE,
+    _T_SELECT,
+    _T_SOURCE,
+    _T_STRING,
+    _T_TRISTATE,
+    _T_UNEQUAL,
+    _T_VISIBLE,
+) = range(1, 51)
+
+# Keyword to token map, with the get() method assigned directly as a small
+# optimization
+_get_keyword = {
+    "---help---": _T_HELP,
+    "allnoconfig_y": _T_ALLNOCONFIG_Y,
+    "bool": _T_BOOL,
+    "boolean": _T_BOOL,
+    "choice": _T_CHOICE,
+    "comment": _T_COMMENT,
+    "config": _T_CONFIG,
+    "def_bool": _T_DEF_BOOL,
+    "def_hex": _T_DEF_HEX,
+    "def_int": _T_DEF_INT,
+    "def_string": _T_DEF_STRING,
+    "def_tristate": _T_DEF_TRISTATE,
+    "default": _T_DEFAULT,
+    "defconfig_list": _T_DEFCONFIG_LIST,
+    "depends": _T_DEPENDS,
+    "endchoice": _T_ENDCHOICE,
+    "endif": _T_ENDIF,
+    "endmenu": _T_ENDMENU,
+    "env": _T_ENV,
+    "grsource": _T_ORSOURCE,  # Backwards compatibility
+    "gsource": _T_OSOURCE,  # Backwards compatibility
+    "help": _T_HELP,
+    "hex": _T_HEX,
+    "if": _T_IF,
+    "imply": _T_IMPLY,
+    "int": _T_INT,
+    "mainmenu": _T_MAINMENU,
+    "menu": _T_MENU,
+    "menuconfig": _T_MENUCONFIG,
+    "modules": _T_MODULES,
+    "on": _T_ON,
+    "option": _T_OPTION,
+    "optional": _T_OPTIONAL,
+    "orsource": _T_ORSOURCE,
+    "osource": _T_OSOURCE,
+    "prompt": _T_PROMPT,
+    "range": _T_RANGE,
+    "rsource": _T_RSOURCE,
+    "select": _T_SELECT,
+    "source": _T_SOURCE,
+    "string": _T_STRING,
+    "tristate": _T_TRISTATE,
+    "visible": _T_VISIBLE,
+}.get
+
+# The constants below match the value of the corresponding tokens to remove the
+# need for conversion
+
+# Node types
+MENU = _T_MENU
+COMMENT = _T_COMMENT
+
+# Expression types
+AND = _T_AND
+OR = _T_OR
+NOT = _T_NOT
+EQUAL = _T_EQUAL
+UNEQUAL = _T_UNEQUAL
+LESS = _T_LESS
+LESS_EQUAL = _T_LESS_EQUAL
+GREATER = _T_GREATER
+GREATER_EQUAL = _T_GREATER_EQUAL
+
+REL_TO_STR = {
+    EQUAL: "=",
+    UNEQUAL: "!=",
+    LESS: "<",
+    LESS_EQUAL: "<=",
+    GREATER: ">",
+    GREATER_EQUAL: ">=",
+}
+
+# Symbol/choice types. UNKNOWN is 0 (falsy) to simplify some checks.
+# Client code shouldn't rely on it though, as it was non-zero in
+# older versions.
+UNKNOWN = 0
+BOOL = _T_BOOL
+TRISTATE = _T_TRISTATE
+STRING = _T_STRING
+INT = _T_INT
+HEX = _T_HEX
+
+TYPE_TO_STR = {
+    UNKNOWN: "unknown",
+    BOOL: "bool",
+    TRISTATE: "tristate",
+    STRING: "string",
+    INT: "int",
+    HEX: "hex",
+}
+
+# Used in comparisons. 0 means the base is inferred from the format of the
+# string.
+_TYPE_TO_BASE = {
+    HEX: 16,
+    INT: 10,
+    STRING: 0,
+    UNKNOWN: 0,
+}
+
+# def_bool -> BOOL, etc.
+_DEF_TOKEN_TO_TYPE = {
+    _T_DEF_BOOL: BOOL,
+    _T_DEF_HEX: HEX,
+    _T_DEF_INT: INT,
+    _T_DEF_STRING: STRING,
+    _T_DEF_TRISTATE: TRISTATE,
+}
+
+# Tokens after which strings are expected. This is used to tell strings from
+# constant symbol references during tokenization, both of which are enclosed in
+# quotes.
+#
+# Identifier-like lexemes ("missing quotes") are also treated as strings after
+# these tokens. _T_CHOICE is included to avoid symbols being registered for
+# named choices.
+_STRING_LEX = frozenset(
+    {
+        _T_BOOL,
+        _T_CHOICE,
+        _T_COMMENT,
+        _T_HEX,
+        _T_INT,
+        _T_MAINMENU,
+        _T_MENU,
+        _T_ORSOURCE,
+        _T_OSOURCE,
+        _T_PROMPT,
+        _T_RSOURCE,
+        _T_SOURCE,
+        _T_STRING,
+        _T_TRISTATE,
+    }
+)
+
+# Various sets for quick membership tests. Gives a single global lookup and
+# avoids creating temporary dicts/tuples.
+
+_TYPE_TOKENS = frozenset({_T_BOOL, _T_TRISTATE, _T_INT, _T_HEX, _T_STRING,})
+
+_SOURCE_TOKENS = frozenset({_T_SOURCE, _T_RSOURCE, _T_OSOURCE, _T_ORSOURCE,})
+
+_REL_SOURCE_TOKENS = frozenset({_T_RSOURCE, _T_ORSOURCE,})
+
+# Obligatory (non-optional) sources
+_OBL_SOURCE_TOKENS = frozenset({_T_SOURCE, _T_RSOURCE,})
+
+_BOOL_TRISTATE = frozenset({BOOL, TRISTATE,})
+
+_BOOL_TRISTATE_UNKNOWN = frozenset({BOOL, TRISTATE, UNKNOWN,})
+
+_INT_HEX = frozenset({INT, HEX,})
+
+_SYMBOL_CHOICE = frozenset({Symbol, Choice,})
+
+_MENU_COMMENT = frozenset({MENU, COMMENT,})
+
+_EQUAL_UNEQUAL = frozenset({EQUAL, UNEQUAL,})
+
+_RELATIONS = frozenset({EQUAL, UNEQUAL, LESS, LESS_EQUAL, GREATER, GREATER_EQUAL,})
+
+# Helper functions for getting compiled regular expressions, with the needed
+# matching function returned directly as a small optimization.
+#
+# Use ASCII regex matching on Python 3. It's already the default on Python 2.
+
+
+def _re_match(regex):
+    return re.compile(regex, 0 if _IS_PY2 else re.ASCII).match
+
+
+def _re_search(regex):
+    return re.compile(regex, 0 if _IS_PY2 else re.ASCII).search
+
+
+# Various regular expressions used during parsing
+
+# The initial token on a line. Also eats leading and trailing whitespace, so
+# that we can jump straight to the next token (or to the end of the line if
+# there is only one token).
+#
+# This regex will also fail to match for empty lines and comment lines.
+#
+# '$' is included to detect preprocessor variable assignments with macro
+# expansions in the left-hand side.
+_command_match = _re_match(r"\s*([A-Za-z0-9_$-]+)\s*")
+
+# An identifier/keyword after the first token. Also eats trailing whitespace.
+# '$' is included to detect identifiers containing macro expansions.
+_id_keyword_match = _re_match(r"([A-Za-z0-9_$/.-]+)\s*")
+
+# A fragment in the left-hand side of a preprocessor variable assignment. These
+# are the portions between macro expansions ($(foo)). Macros are supported in
+# the LHS (variable name).
+_assignment_lhs_fragment_match = _re_match("[A-Za-z0-9_-]*")
+
+# The assignment operator and value (right-hand side) in a preprocessor
+# variable assignment
+_assignment_rhs_match = _re_match(r"\s*(=|:=|\+=)\s*(.*)")
+
+# Special characters/strings while expanding a macro ('(', ')', ',', and '$(')
+_macro_special_search = _re_search(r"\(|\)|,|\$\(")
+
+# Special characters/strings while expanding a string (quotes, '\', and '$(')
+_string_special_search = _re_search(r'"|\'|\\|\$\(')
+
+# Special characters/strings while expanding a symbol name. Also includes
+# end-of-line, in case the macro is the last thing on the line.
+_name_special_search = _re_search(r"[^A-Za-z0-9_$/.-]|\$\(|$")
+
+# A valid right-hand side for an assignment to a string symbol in a .config
+# file, including escaped characters. Extracts the contents.
+_conf_string_match = _re_match(r'"((?:[^\\"]|\\.)*)"')
diff --git a/kconfig-lib/menuconfig.py b/kconfig-lib/menuconfig.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22422f0ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kconfig-lib/menuconfig.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3332 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2019, Nordic Semiconductor ASA and Ulf Magnusson
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
+
+"""
+Overview
+========
+
+A curses-based Python 2/3 menuconfig implementation. The interface should feel
+familiar to people used to mconf ('make menuconfig').
+
+Supports the same keys as mconf, and also supports a set of keybindings
+inspired by Vi:
+
+  J/K     : Down/Up
+  L       : Enter menu/Toggle item
+  H       : Leave menu
+  Ctrl-D/U: Page Down/Page Up
+  G/End   : Jump to end of list
+  g/Home  : Jump to beginning of list
+
+[Space] toggles values if possible, and enters menus otherwise. [Enter] works
+the other way around.
+
+The mconf feature where pressing a key jumps to a menu entry with that
+character in it in the current menu isn't supported. A jump-to feature for
+jumping directly to any symbol (including invisible symbols), choice, menu or
+comment (as in a Kconfig 'comment "Foo"') is available instead.
+
+A few different modes are available:
+
+  F: Toggle show-help mode, which shows the help text of the currently selected
+  item in the window at the bottom of the menu display. This is handy when
+  browsing through options.
+
+  C: Toggle show-name mode, which shows the symbol name before each symbol menu
+  entry
+
+  A: Toggle show-all mode, which shows all items, including currently invisible
+  items and items that lack a prompt. Invisible items are drawn in a different
+  style to make them stand out.
+
+
+Running
+=======
+
+menuconfig.py can be run either as a standalone executable or by calling the
+menuconfig() function with an existing Kconfig instance. The second option is a
+bit inflexible in that it will still load and save .config, etc.
+
+When run in standalone mode, the top-level Kconfig file to load can be passed
+as a command-line argument. With no argument, it defaults to "Kconfig".
+
+The KCONFIG_CONFIG environment variable specifies the .config file to load (if
+it exists) and save. If KCONFIG_CONFIG is unset, ".config" is used.
+
+When overwriting a configuration file, the old version is saved to
+<filename>.old (e.g. .config.old).
+
+$srctree is supported through Kconfiglib.
+
+
+Color schemes
+=============
+
+It is possible to customize the color scheme by setting the MENUCONFIG_STYLE
+environment variable. For example, setting it to 'aquatic' will enable an
+alternative, less yellow, more 'make menuconfig'-like color scheme, contributed
+by Mitja Horvat (pinkfluid).
+
+This is the current list of built-in styles:
+    - default       classic Kconfiglib theme with a yellow accent
+    - monochrome    colorless theme (uses only bold and standout) attributes,
+                    this style is used if the terminal doesn't support colors
+    - aquatic       blue-tinted style loosely resembling the lxdialog theme
+
+It is possible to customize the current style by changing colors of UI
+elements on the screen. This is the list of elements that can be stylized:
+
+    - path          Top row in the main display, with the menu path
+    - separator     Separator lines between windows. Also used for the top line
+                    in the symbol information display.
+    - list          List of items, e.g. the main display
+    - selection     Style for the selected item
+    - inv-list      Like list, but for invisible items. Used in show-all mode.
+    - inv-selection Like selection, but for invisible items. Used in show-all
+                    mode.
+    - help          Help text windows at the bottom of various fullscreen
+                    dialogs
+    - show-help     Window showing the help text in show-help mode
+    - frame         Frame around dialog boxes
+    - body          Body of dialog boxes
+    - edit          Edit box in pop-up dialogs
+    - jump-edit     Edit box in jump-to dialog
+    - text          Symbol information text
+
+The color definition is a comma separated list of attributes:
+
+    - fg:COLOR      Set the foreground/background colors. COLOR can be one of
+      * or *        the basic 16 colors (black, red, green, yellow, blue,
+    - bg:COLOR      magenta, cyan, white and brighter versions, for example,
+                    brightred). On terminals that support more than 8 colors,
+                    you can also directly put in a color number, e.g. fg:123
+                    (hexadecimal and octal constants are accepted as well).
+                    Colors outside the range -1..curses.COLORS-1 (which is
+                    terminal-dependent) are ignored (with a warning). The COLOR
+                    can be also specified using a RGB value in the HTML
+                    notation, for example #RRGGBB. If the terminal supports
+                    color changing, the color is rendered accurately.
+                    Otherwise, the visually nearest color is used.
+
+                    If the background or foreground color of an element is not
+                    specified, it defaults to -1, representing the default
+                    terminal foreground or background color.
+
+                    Note: On some terminals a bright version of the color
+                    implies bold.
+    - bold          Use bold text
+    - underline     Use underline text
+    - standout      Standout text attribute (reverse color)
+
+More often than not, some UI elements share the same color definition. In such
+cases the right value may specify an UI element from which the color definition
+will be copied. For example, "separator=help" will apply the current color
+definition for "help" to "separator".
+
+A keyword without the '=' is assumed to be a style template. The template name
+is looked up in the built-in styles list and the style definition is expanded
+in-place. With this, built-in styles can be used as basis for new styles.
+
+For example, take the aquatic theme and give it a red selection bar:
+
+MENUCONFIG_STYLE="aquatic selection=fg:white,bg:red"
+
+If there's an error in the style definition or if a missing style is assigned
+to, the assignment will be ignored, along with a warning being printed on
+stderr.
+
+The 'default' theme is always implicitly parsed first, so the following two
+settings have the same effect:
+
+    MENUCONFIG_STYLE="selection=fg:white,bg:red"
+    MENUCONFIG_STYLE="default selection=fg:white,bg:red"
+
+If the terminal doesn't support colors, the 'monochrome' theme is used, and
+MENUCONFIG_STYLE is ignored. The assumption is that the environment is broken
+somehow, and that the important thing is to get something usable.
+
+
+Other features
+==============
+
+  - Seamless terminal resizing
+
+  - No dependencies on *nix, as the 'curses' module is in the Python standard
+    library
+
+  - Unicode text entry
+
+  - Improved information screen compared to mconf:
+
+      * Expressions are split up by their top-level &&/|| operands to improve
+        readability
+
+      * Undefined symbols in expressions are pointed out
+
+      * Menus and comments have information displays
+
+      * Kconfig definitions are printed
+
+      * The include path is shown, listing the locations of the 'source'
+        statements that included the Kconfig file of the symbol (or other
+        item)
+
+
+Limitations
+===========
+
+Doesn't work out of the box on Windows, but can be made to work with
+
+    pip install windows-curses
+
+See the https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/windows-curses repository.
+"""
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+_IS_WINDOWS = os.name == "nt"  # Are we running on Windows?
+
+try:
+    import curses
+except ImportError as e:
+    if not _IS_WINDOWS:
+        raise
+    sys.exit(
+        """\
+menuconfig failed to import the standard Python 'curses' library. Try
+installing a package like windows-curses
+(https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/windows-curses) by running this command
+in cmd.exe:
+
+    pip install windows-curses
+
+Starting with Kconfiglib 13.0.0, windows-curses is no longer automatically
+installed when installing Kconfiglib via pip on Windows (because it breaks
+installation on MSYS2).
+
+Exception:
+{}: {}""".format(
+            type(e).__name__, e
+        )
+    )
+
+import errno
+import locale
+import re
+import textwrap
+
+from kconfiglib import (
+    Symbol,
+    Choice,
+    MENU,
+    COMMENT,
+    MenuNode,
+    BOOL,
+    TRISTATE,
+    STRING,
+    INT,
+    HEX,
+    AND,
+    OR,
+    expr_str,
+    expr_value,
+    split_expr,
+    standard_sc_expr_str,
+    TRI_TO_STR,
+    TYPE_TO_STR,
+    standard_kconfig,
+    standard_config_filename,
+)
+
+
+#
+# Configuration variables
+#
+
+# If True, try to change LC_CTYPE to a UTF-8 locale if it is set to the C
+# locale (which implies ASCII). This fixes curses Unicode I/O issues on systems
+# with bad defaults. ncurses configures itself from the locale settings.
+#
+# Related PEP: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0538/
+_CHANGE_C_LC_CTYPE_TO_UTF8 = True
+
+# How many steps an implicit submenu will be indented. Implicit submenus are
+# created when an item depends on the symbol before it. Note that symbols
+# defined with 'menuconfig' create a separate menu instead of indenting.
+_SUBMENU_INDENT = 4
+
+# Number of steps for Page Up/Down to jump
+_PG_JUMP = 6
+
+# Height of the help window in show-help mode
+_SHOW_HELP_HEIGHT = 8
+
+# How far the cursor needs to be from the edge of the window before it starts
+# to scroll. Used for the main menu display, the information display, the
+# search display, and for text boxes.
+_SCROLL_OFFSET = 5
+
+# Minimum width of dialogs that ask for text input
+_INPUT_DIALOG_MIN_WIDTH = 30
+
+# Number of arrows pointing up/down to draw when a window is scrolled
+_N_SCROLL_ARROWS = 14
+
+# Lines of help text shown at the bottom of the "main" display
+_MAIN_HELP_LINES = """
+[Space/Enter] Toggle/enter  [ESC] Leave menu           [S] Save
+[O] Load                    [?] Symbol info            [/] Jump to symbol
+[F] Toggle show-help mode   [C] Toggle show-name mode  [A] Toggle show-all mode
+[Q] Quit (prompts for save) [D] Save minimal config (advanced)
+"""[
+    1:-1
+].split(
+    "\n"
+)
+
+# Lines of help text shown at the bottom of the information dialog
+_INFO_HELP_LINES = """
+[ESC/q] Return to menu      [/] Jump to symbol
+"""[
+    1:-1
+].split(
+    "\n"
+)
+
+# Lines of help text shown at the bottom of the search dialog
+_JUMP_TO_HELP_LINES = """
+Type text to narrow the search. Regexes are supported (via Python's 're'
+module). The up/down cursor keys step in the list. [Enter] jumps to the
+selected symbol. [ESC] aborts the search. Type multiple space-separated
+strings/regexes to find entries that match all of them. Type Ctrl-F to
+view the help of the selected item without leaving the dialog.
+"""[
+    1:-1
+].split(
+    "\n"
+)
+
+#
+# Styling
+#
+
+_STYLES = {
+    "default": """
+    path=fg:black,bg:white,bold
+    separator=fg:black,bg:yellow,bold
+    list=fg:black,bg:white
+    selection=fg:white,bg:blue,bold
+    inv-list=fg:red,bg:white
+    inv-selection=fg:red,bg:blue
+    help=path
+    show-help=list
+    frame=fg:black,bg:yellow,bold
+    body=fg:white,bg:black
+    edit=fg:white,bg:blue
+    jump-edit=edit
+    text=list
+    """,
+    # This style is forced on terminals that do no support colors
+    "monochrome": """
+    path=bold
+    separator=bold,standout
+    list=
+    selection=bold,standout
+    inv-list=bold
+    inv-selection=bold,standout
+    help=bold
+    show-help=
+    frame=bold,standout
+    body=
+    edit=standout
+    jump-edit=
+    text=
+    """,
+    # Blue-tinted style loosely resembling lxdialog
+    "aquatic": """
+    path=fg:white,bg:blue
+    separator=fg:white,bg:cyan
+    help=path
+    frame=fg:white,bg:cyan
+    body=fg:white,bg:blue
+    edit=fg:black,bg:white
+    """,
+}
+
+_NAMED_COLORS = {
+    # Basic colors
+    "black": curses.COLOR_BLACK,
+    "red": curses.COLOR_RED,
+    "green": curses.COLOR_GREEN,
+    "yellow": curses.COLOR_YELLOW,
+    "blue": curses.COLOR_BLUE,
+    "magenta": curses.COLOR_MAGENTA,
+    "cyan": curses.COLOR_CYAN,
+    "white": curses.COLOR_WHITE,
+    # Bright versions
+    "brightblack": curses.COLOR_BLACK + 8,
+    "brightred": curses.COLOR_RED + 8,
+    "brightgreen": curses.COLOR_GREEN + 8,
+    "brightyellow": curses.COLOR_YELLOW + 8,
+    "brightblue": curses.COLOR_BLUE + 8,
+    "brightmagenta": curses.COLOR_MAGENTA + 8,
+    "brightcyan": curses.COLOR_CYAN + 8,
+    "brightwhite": curses.COLOR_WHITE + 8,
+    # Aliases
+    "purple": curses.COLOR_MAGENTA,
+    "brightpurple": curses.COLOR_MAGENTA + 8,
+}
+
+
+def _rgb_to_6cube(rgb):
+    # Converts an 888 RGB color to a 3-tuple (nice in that it's hashable)
+    # representing the closest xterm 256-color 6x6x6 color cube color.
+    #
+    # The xterm 256-color extension uses a RGB color palette with components in
+    # the range 0-5 (a 6x6x6 cube). The catch is that the mapping is nonlinear.
+    # Index 0 in the 6x6x6 cube is mapped to 0, index 1 to 95, then 135, 175,
+    # etc., in increments of 40. See the links below:
+    #
+    #   https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xterm_256color_chart.svg
+    #   https://github.com/tmux/tmux/blob/master/colour.c
+
+    # 48 is the middle ground between 0 and 95.
+    return tuple(0 if x < 48 else int(round(max(1, (x - 55) / 40))) for x in rgb)
+
+
+def _6cube_to_rgb(r6g6b6):
+    # Returns the 888 RGB color for a 666 xterm color cube index
+
+    return tuple(0 if x == 0 else 40 * x + 55 for x in r6g6b6)
+
+
+def _rgb_to_gray(rgb):
+    # Converts an 888 RGB color to the index of an xterm 256-color grayscale
+    # color with approx. the same perceived brightness
+
+    # Calculate the luminance (gray intensity) of the color. See
+    #   https://stackoverflow.com/questions/596216/formula-to-determine-brightness-of-rgb-color
+    # and
+    #   https://www.w3.org/TR/AERT/#color-contrast
+    luma = 0.299 * rgb[0] + 0.587 * rgb[1] + 0.114 * rgb[2]
+
+    # Closest index in the grayscale palette, which starts at RGB 0x080808,
+    # with stepping 0x0A0A0A
+    index = int(round((luma - 8) / 10))
+
+    # Clamp the index to 0-23, corresponding to 232-255
+    return max(0, min(index, 23))
+
+
+def _gray_to_rgb(index):
+    # Convert a grayscale index to its closet single RGB component
+
+    return 3 * (10 * index + 8,)  # Returns a 3-tuple
+
+
+# Obscure Python: We never pass a value for rgb2index, and it keeps pointing to
+# the same dict. This avoids a global.
+def _alloc_rgb(rgb, rgb2index={}):
+    # Initialize a new entry in the xterm palette to the given RGB color,
+    # returning its index. If the color has already been initialized, the index
+    # of the existing entry is returned.
+    #
+    # ncurses is palette-based, so we need to overwrite palette entries to make
+    # new colors.
+    #
+    # The colors from 0 to 15 are user-defined, and there's no way to query
+    # their RGB values, so we better leave them untouched. Also leave any
+    # hypothetical colors above 255 untouched (though we're unlikely to
+    # allocate that many colors anyway).
+
+    if rgb in rgb2index:
+        return rgb2index[rgb]
+
+    # Many terminals allow the user to customize the first 16 colors. Avoid
+    # changing their values.
+    color_index = 16 + len(rgb2index)
+    if color_index >= 256:
+        _warn("Unable to allocate new RGB color ", rgb, ". Too many colors " "allocated.")
+        return 0
+
+    # Map each RGB component from the range 0-255 to the range 0-1000, which is
+    # what curses uses
+    curses.init_color(color_index, *(int(round(1000 * x / 255)) for x in rgb))
+    rgb2index[rgb] = color_index
+
+    return color_index
+
+
+def _color_from_num(num):
+    # Returns the index of a color that looks like color 'num' in the xterm
+    # 256-color palette (but that might not be 'num', if we're redefining
+    # colors)
+
+    # - _alloc_rgb() won't touch the first 16 colors or any (hypothetical)
+    #   colors above 255, so we can always return them as-is
+    #
+    # - If the terminal doesn't support changing color definitions, or if
+    #   curses.COLORS < 256, _alloc_rgb() won't touch any color, and all colors
+    #   can be returned as-is
+    if num < 16 or num > 255 or not curses.can_change_color() or curses.COLORS < 256:
+        return num
+
+    # _alloc_rgb() might redefine colors, so emulate the xterm 256-color
+    # palette by allocating new colors instead of returning color numbers
+    # directly
+
+    if num < 232:
+        num -= 16
+        return _alloc_rgb(_6cube_to_rgb(((num // 36) % 6, (num // 6) % 6, num % 6)))
+
+    return _alloc_rgb(_gray_to_rgb(num - 232))
+
+
+def _color_from_rgb(rgb):
+    # Returns the index of a color matching the 888 RGB color 'rgb'. The
+    # returned color might be an ~exact match or an approximation, depending on
+    # terminal capabilities.
+
+    # Calculates the Euclidean distance between two RGB colors
+    def dist(r1, r2):
+        return sum((x - y) ** 2 for x, y in zip(r1, r2))
+
+    if curses.COLORS >= 256:
+        # Assume we're dealing with xterm's 256-color extension
+
+        if curses.can_change_color():
+            # Best case -- the terminal supports changing palette entries via
+            # curses.init_color(). Initialize an unused palette entry and
+            # return it.
+            return _alloc_rgb(rgb)
+
+        # Second best case -- pick between the xterm 256-color extension colors
+
+        # Closest 6-cube "color" color
+        c6 = _rgb_to_6cube(rgb)
+        # Closest gray color
+        gray = _rgb_to_gray(rgb)
+
+        if dist(rgb, _6cube_to_rgb(c6)) < dist(rgb, _gray_to_rgb(gray)):
+            # Use the "color" color from the 6x6x6 color palette. Calculate the
+            # color number from the 6-cube index triplet.
+            return 16 + 36 * c6[0] + 6 * c6[1] + c6[2]
+
+        # Use the color from the gray palette
+        return 232 + gray
+
+    # Terminal not in xterm 256-color mode. This is probably the best we can
+    # do, or is it? Submit patches. :)
+    min_dist = float("inf")
+    best = -1
+    for color in range(curses.COLORS):
+        # ncurses uses the range 0..1000. Scale that down to 0..255.
+        d = dist(rgb, tuple(int(round(255 * c / 1000)) for c in curses.color_content(color)))
+        if d < min_dist:
+            min_dist = d
+            best = color
+
+    return best
+
+
+def _parse_style(style_str, parsing_default):
+    # Parses a string with '<element>=<style>' assignments. Anything not
+    # containing '=' is assumed to be a reference to a built-in style, which is
+    # treated as if all the assignments from the style were inserted at that
+    # point in the string.
+    #
+    # The parsing_default flag is set to True when we're implicitly parsing the
+    # 'default'/'monochrome' style, to prevent warnings.
+
+    for sline in style_str.split():
+        # Words without a "=" character represents a style template
+        if "=" in sline:
+            key, data = sline.split("=", 1)
+
+            # The 'default' style template is assumed to define all keys. We
+            # run _style_to_curses() for non-existing keys as well, so that we
+            # print warnings for errors to the right of '=' for those too.
+            if key not in _style and not parsing_default:
+                _warn("Ignoring non-existent style", key)
+
+            # If data is a reference to another key, copy its style
+            if data in _style:
+                _style[key] = _style[data]
+            else:
+                _style[key] = _style_to_curses(data)
+
+        elif sline in _STYLES:
+            # Recursively parse style template. Ignore styles that don't exist,
+            # for backwards/forwards compatibility.
+            _parse_style(_STYLES[sline], parsing_default)
+
+        else:
+            _warn("Ignoring non-existent style template", sline)
+
+
+# Dictionary mapping element types to the curses attributes used to display
+# them
+_style = {}
+
+
+def _style_to_curses(style_def):
+    # Parses a style definition string (<element>=<style>), returning
+    # a (fg_color, bg_color, attributes) tuple.
+
+    def parse_color(color_def):
+        color_def = color_def.split(":", 1)[1]
+
+        # HTML format, #RRGGBB
+        if re.match("#[A-Fa-f0-9]{6}", color_def):
+            return _color_from_rgb(
+                (int(color_def[1:3], 16), int(color_def[3:5], 16), int(color_def[5:7], 16))
+            )
+
+        if color_def in _NAMED_COLORS:
+            color_num = _color_from_num(_NAMED_COLORS[color_def])
+        else:
+            try:
+                color_num = _color_from_num(int(color_def, 0))
+            except ValueError:
+                _warn("Ignoring color", color_def, "that's neither " "predefined nor a number")
+                return -1
+
+        if not -1 <= color_num < curses.COLORS:
+            _warn(
+                "Ignoring color {}, which is outside the range "
+                "-1..curses.COLORS-1 (-1..{})".format(color_def, curses.COLORS - 1)
+            )
+            return -1
+
+        return color_num
+
+    fg_color = -1
+    bg_color = -1
+    attrs = 0
+
+    if style_def:
+        for field in style_def.split(","):
+            if field.startswith("fg:"):
+                fg_color = parse_color(field)
+            elif field.startswith("bg:"):
+                bg_color = parse_color(field)
+            elif field == "bold":
+                # A_BOLD tends to produce faint and hard-to-read text on the
+                # Windows console, especially with the old color scheme, before
+                # the introduction of
+                # https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/2017/08/02/updating-the-windows-console-colors/
+                attrs |= curses.A_NORMAL if _IS_WINDOWS else curses.A_BOLD
+            elif field == "standout":
+                attrs |= curses.A_STANDOUT
+            elif field == "underline":
+                attrs |= curses.A_UNDERLINE
+            else:
+                _warn("Ignoring unknown style attribute", field)
+
+    return _style_attr(fg_color, bg_color, attrs)
+
+
+def _init_styles():
+    if curses.has_colors():
+        try:
+            curses.use_default_colors()
+        except curses.error:
+            # Ignore errors on funky terminals that support colors but not
+            # using default colors. Worst it can do is break transparency and
+            # the like. Ran across this with the MSYS2/winpty setup in
+            # https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues/5823, though there
+            # seems to be a lot of general brokenness there.
+            pass
+
+        # Use the 'default' theme as the base, and add any user-defined style
+        # settings from the environment
+        _parse_style("default", True)
+        if "MENUCONFIG_STYLE" in os.environ:
+            _parse_style(os.environ["MENUCONFIG_STYLE"], False)
+    else:
+        # Force the 'monochrome' theme if the terminal doesn't support colors.
+        # MENUCONFIG_STYLE is likely to mess things up here (though any colors
+        # would be ignored), so ignore it.
+        _parse_style("monochrome", True)
+
+
+# color_attribs holds the color pairs we've already created, indexed by a
+# (<foreground color>, <background color>) tuple.
+#
+# Obscure Python: We never pass a value for color_attribs, and it keeps
+# pointing to the same dict. This avoids a global.
+def _style_attr(fg_color, bg_color, attribs, color_attribs={}):
+    # Returns an attribute with the specified foreground and background color
+    # and the attributes in 'attribs'. Reuses color pairs already created if
+    # possible, and creates a new color pair otherwise.
+    #
+    # Returns 'attribs' if colors aren't supported.
+
+    if not curses.has_colors():
+        return attribs
+
+    if (fg_color, bg_color) not in color_attribs:
+        # Create new color pair. Color pair number 0 is hardcoded and cannot be
+        # changed, hence the +1s.
+        curses.init_pair(len(color_attribs) + 1, fg_color, bg_color)
+        color_attribs[(fg_color, bg_color)] = curses.color_pair(len(color_attribs) + 1)
+
+    return color_attribs[(fg_color, bg_color)] | attribs
+
+
+#
+# Main application
+#
+
+
+def _main():
+    menuconfig(standard_kconfig(__doc__))
+
+
+def menuconfig(kconf):
+    """
+    Launches the configuration interface, returning after the user exits.
+
+    kconf:
+      Kconfig instance to be configured
+    """
+    global _kconf
+    global _conf_filename
+    global _conf_changed
+    global _minconf_filename
+    global _show_all
+
+    _kconf = kconf
+
+    # Filename to save configuration to
+    _conf_filename = standard_config_filename()
+
+    # Load existing configuration and set _conf_changed True if it is outdated
+    _conf_changed = _load_config()
+
+    # Filename to save minimal configuration to
+    _minconf_filename = "defconfig"
+
+    # Any visible items in the top menu?
+    _show_all = False
+    if not _shown_nodes(kconf.top_node):
+        # Nothing visible. Start in show-all mode and try again.
+        _show_all = True
+        if not _shown_nodes(kconf.top_node):
+            # Give up. The implementation relies on always having a selected
+            # node.
+            print(
+                "Empty configuration -- nothing to configure.\n"
+                "Check that environment variables are set properly."
+            )
+            return
+
+    # Disable warnings. They get mangled in curses mode, and we deal with
+    # errors ourselves.
+    kconf.warn = False
+
+    # Make curses use the locale settings specified in the environment
+    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "")
+
+    # Try to fix Unicode issues on systems with bad defaults
+    if _CHANGE_C_LC_CTYPE_TO_UTF8:
+        _change_c_lc_ctype_to_utf8()
+
+    # Get rid of the delay between pressing ESC and jumping to the parent menu,
+    # unless the user has set ESCDELAY (see ncurses(3)). This makes the UI much
+    # smoother to work with.
+    #
+    # Note: This is strictly pretty iffy, since escape codes for e.g. cursor
+    # keys start with ESC, but I've never seen it cause problems in practice
+    # (probably because it's unlikely that the escape code for a key would get
+    # split up across read()s, at least with a terminal emulator). Please
+    # report if you run into issues. Some suitable small default value could be
+    # used here instead in that case. Maybe it's silly to not put in the
+    # smallest imperceptible delay here already, though I don't like guessing.
+    #
+    # (From a quick glance at the ncurses source code, ESCDELAY might only be
+    # relevant for mouse events there, so maybe escapes are assumed to arrive
+    # in one piece already...)
+    os.environ.setdefault("ESCDELAY", "0")
+
+    # Enter curses mode. _menuconfig() returns a string to print on exit, after
+    # curses has been de-initialized.
+    print(curses.wrapper(_menuconfig))
+
+
+def _load_config():
+    # Loads any existing .config file. See the Kconfig.load_config() docstring.
+    #
+    # Returns True if .config is missing or outdated. We always prompt for
+    # saving the configuration in that case.
+
+    print(_kconf.load_config())
+    if not os.path.exists(_conf_filename):
+        # No .config
+        return True
+
+    return _needs_save()
+
+
+def _needs_save():
+    # Returns True if a just-loaded .config file is outdated (would get
+    # modified when saving)
+
+    if _kconf.missing_syms:
+        # Assignments to undefined symbols in the .config
+        return True
+
+    for sym in _kconf.unique_defined_syms:
+        if sym.user_value is None:
+            if sym.config_string:
+                # Unwritten symbol
+                return True
+        elif sym.orig_type in (BOOL, TRISTATE):
+            if sym.tri_value != sym.user_value:
+                # Written bool/tristate symbol, new value
+                return True
+        elif sym.str_value != sym.user_value:
+            # Written string/int/hex symbol, new value
+            return True
+
+    # No need to prompt for save
+    return False
+
+
+# Global variables used below:
+#
+#   _stdscr:
+#     stdscr from curses
+#
+#   _cur_menu:
+#     Menu node of the menu (or menuconfig symbol, or choice) currently being
+#     shown
+#
+#   _shown:
+#     List of items in _cur_menu that are shown (ignoring scrolling). In
+#     show-all mode, this list contains all items in _cur_menu. Otherwise, it
+#     contains just the visible items.
+#
+#   _sel_node_i:
+#     Index in _shown of the currently selected node
+#
+#   _menu_scroll:
+#     Index in _shown of the top row of the main display
+#
+#   _parent_screen_rows:
+#     List/stack of the row numbers that the selections in the parent menus
+#     appeared on. This is used to prevent the scrolling from jumping around
+#     when going in and out of menus.
+#
+#   _show_help/_show_name/_show_all:
+#     If True, the corresponding mode is on. See the module docstring.
+#
+#   _conf_filename:
+#     File to save the configuration to
+#
+#   _minconf_filename:
+#     File to save minimal configurations to
+#
+#   _conf_changed:
+#     True if the configuration has been changed. If False, we don't bother
+#     showing the save-and-quit dialog.
+#
+#     We reset this to False whenever the configuration is saved explicitly
+#     from the save dialog.
+
+
+def _menuconfig(stdscr):
+    # Logic for the main display, with the list of symbols, etc.
+
+    global _stdscr
+    global _conf_filename
+    global _conf_changed
+    global _minconf_filename
+    global _show_help
+    global _show_name
+
+    _stdscr = stdscr
+
+    _init()
+
+    while True:
+        _draw_main()
+        curses.doupdate()
+
+        c = _getch_compat(_menu_win)
+
+        if c == curses.KEY_RESIZE:
+            _resize_main()
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_DOWN, "j", "J"):
+            _select_next_menu_entry()
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_UP, "k", "K"):
+            _select_prev_menu_entry()
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_NPAGE, "\x04"):  # Page Down/Ctrl-D
+            # Keep it simple. This way we get sane behavior for small windows,
+            # etc., for free.
+            for _ in range(_PG_JUMP):
+                _select_next_menu_entry()
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_PPAGE, "\x15"):  # Page Up/Ctrl-U
+            for _ in range(_PG_JUMP):
+                _select_prev_menu_entry()
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_END, "G"):
+            _select_last_menu_entry()
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_HOME, "g"):
+            _select_first_menu_entry()
+
+        elif c == " ":
+            # Toggle the node if possible
+            sel_node = _shown[_sel_node_i]
+            if not _change_node(sel_node):
+                _enter_menu(sel_node)
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_RIGHT, "\n", "l", "L"):
+            # Enter the node if possible
+            sel_node = _shown[_sel_node_i]
+            if not _enter_menu(sel_node):
+                _change_node(sel_node)
+
+        elif c in ("n", "N"):
+            _set_sel_node_tri_val(0)
+
+        elif c in ("m", "M"):
+            _set_sel_node_tri_val(1)
+
+        elif c in ("y", "Y"):
+            _set_sel_node_tri_val(2)
+
+        elif c in (
+            curses.KEY_LEFT,
+            curses.KEY_BACKSPACE,
+            _ERASE_CHAR,
+            "\x1B",
+            "h",
+            "H",
+        ):  # \x1B = ESC
+
+            if c == "\x1B" and _cur_menu is _kconf.top_node:
+                res = _quit_dialog()
+                if res:
+                    return res
+            else:
+                _leave_menu()
+
+        elif c in ("o", "O"):
+            _load_dialog()
+
+        elif c in ("s", "S"):
+            filename = _save_dialog(_kconf.write_config, _conf_filename, "configuration")
+            if filename:
+                _conf_filename = filename
+                _conf_changed = False
+
+        elif c in ("d", "D"):
+            filename = _save_dialog(
+                _kconf.write_min_config, _minconf_filename, "minimal configuration"
+            )
+            if filename:
+                _minconf_filename = filename
+
+        elif c == "/":
+            _jump_to_dialog()
+            # The terminal might have been resized while the fullscreen jump-to
+            # dialog was open
+            _resize_main()
+
+        elif c == "?":
+            _info_dialog(_shown[_sel_node_i], False)
+            # The terminal might have been resized while the fullscreen info
+            # dialog was open
+            _resize_main()
+
+        elif c in ("f", "F"):
+            _show_help = not _show_help
+            _set_style(_help_win, "show-help" if _show_help else "help")
+            _resize_main()
+
+        elif c in ("c", "C"):
+            _show_name = not _show_name
+
+        elif c in ("a", "A"):
+            _toggle_show_all()
+
+        elif c in ("q", "Q"):
+            res = _quit_dialog()
+            if res:
+                return res
+
+
+def _quit_dialog():
+    if not _conf_changed:
+        return "No changes to save (for '{}')".format(_conf_filename)
+
+    while True:
+        c = _key_dialog("Quit", " Save configuration?\n" "\n" "(Y)es  (N)o  (C)ancel", "ync")
+
+        if c is None or c == "c":
+            return None
+
+        if c == "y":
+            # Returns a message to print
+            msg = _try_save(_kconf.write_config, _conf_filename, "configuration")
+            if msg:
+                return msg
+
+        elif c == "n":
+            return "Configuration ({}) was not saved".format(_conf_filename)
+
+
+def _init():
+    # Initializes the main display with the list of symbols, etc. Also does
+    # misc. global initialization that needs to happen after initializing
+    # curses.
+
+    global _ERASE_CHAR
+
+    global _path_win
+    global _top_sep_win
+    global _menu_win
+    global _bot_sep_win
+    global _help_win
+
+    global _parent_screen_rows
+    global _cur_menu
+    global _shown
+    global _sel_node_i
+    global _menu_scroll
+
+    global _show_help
+    global _show_name
+
+    # Looking for this in addition to KEY_BACKSPACE (which is unreliable) makes
+    # backspace work with TERM=vt100. That makes it likely to work in sane
+    # environments.
+    _ERASE_CHAR = curses.erasechar()
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+        # erasechar() returns a one-byte bytes object on Python 3. This sets
+        # _ERASE_CHAR to a blank string if it can't be decoded, which should be
+        # harmless.
+        _ERASE_CHAR = _ERASE_CHAR.decode("utf-8", "ignore")
+
+    _init_styles()
+
+    # Hide the cursor
+    _safe_curs_set(0)
+
+    # Initialize windows
+
+    # Top row, with menu path
+    _path_win = _styled_win("path")
+
+    # Separator below menu path, with title and arrows pointing up
+    _top_sep_win = _styled_win("separator")
+
+    # List of menu entries with symbols, etc.
+    _menu_win = _styled_win("list")
+    _menu_win.keypad(True)
+
+    # Row below menu list, with arrows pointing down
+    _bot_sep_win = _styled_win("separator")
+
+    # Help window with keys at the bottom. Shows help texts in show-help mode.
+    _help_win = _styled_win("help")
+
+    # The rows we'd like the nodes in the parent menus to appear on. This
+    # prevents the scroll from jumping around when going in and out of menus.
+    _parent_screen_rows = []
+
+    # Initial state
+
+    _cur_menu = _kconf.top_node
+    _shown = _shown_nodes(_cur_menu)
+    _sel_node_i = _menu_scroll = 0
+
+    _show_help = _show_name = False
+
+    # Give windows their initial size
+    _resize_main()
+
+
+def _resize_main():
+    # Resizes the main display, with the list of symbols, etc., to fill the
+    # terminal
+
+    global _menu_scroll
+
+    screen_height, screen_width = _stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+    _path_win.resize(1, screen_width)
+    _top_sep_win.resize(1, screen_width)
+    _bot_sep_win.resize(1, screen_width)
+
+    help_win_height = _SHOW_HELP_HEIGHT if _show_help else len(_MAIN_HELP_LINES)
+
+    menu_win_height = screen_height - help_win_height - 3
+
+    if menu_win_height >= 1:
+        _menu_win.resize(menu_win_height, screen_width)
+        _help_win.resize(help_win_height, screen_width)
+
+        _top_sep_win.mvwin(1, 0)
+        _menu_win.mvwin(2, 0)
+        _bot_sep_win.mvwin(2 + menu_win_height, 0)
+        _help_win.mvwin(2 + menu_win_height + 1, 0)
+    else:
+        # Degenerate case. Give up on nice rendering and just prevent errors.
+
+        menu_win_height = 1
+
+        _menu_win.resize(1, screen_width)
+        _help_win.resize(1, screen_width)
+
+        for win in _top_sep_win, _menu_win, _bot_sep_win, _help_win:
+            win.mvwin(0, 0)
+
+    # Adjust the scroll so that the selected node is still within the window,
+    # if needed
+    if _sel_node_i - _menu_scroll >= menu_win_height:
+        _menu_scroll = _sel_node_i - menu_win_height + 1
+
+
+def _height(win):
+    # Returns the height of 'win'
+
+    return win.getmaxyx()[0]
+
+
+def _width(win):
+    # Returns the width of 'win'
+
+    return win.getmaxyx()[1]
+
+
+def _enter_menu(menu):
+    # Makes 'menu' the currently displayed menu. In addition to actual 'menu's,
+    # "menu" here includes choices and symbols defined with the 'menuconfig'
+    # keyword.
+    #
+    # Returns False if 'menu' can't be entered.
+
+    global _cur_menu
+    global _shown
+    global _sel_node_i
+    global _menu_scroll
+
+    if not menu.is_menuconfig:
+        return False  # Not a menu
+
+    shown_sub = _shown_nodes(menu)
+    # Never enter empty menus. We depend on having a current node.
+    if not shown_sub:
+        return False
+
+    # Remember where the current node appears on the screen, so we can try
+    # to get it to appear in the same place when we leave the menu
+    _parent_screen_rows.append(_sel_node_i - _menu_scroll)
+
+    # Jump into menu
+    _cur_menu = menu
+    _shown = shown_sub
+    _sel_node_i = _menu_scroll = 0
+
+    if isinstance(menu.item, Choice):
+        _select_selected_choice_sym()
+
+    return True
+
+
+def _select_selected_choice_sym():
+    # Puts the cursor on the currently selected (y-valued) choice symbol, if
+    # any. Does nothing if if the choice has no selection (is not visible/in y
+    # mode).
+
+    global _sel_node_i
+
+    choice = _cur_menu.item
+    if choice.selection:
+        # Search through all menu nodes to handle choice symbols being defined
+        # in multiple locations
+        for node in choice.selection.nodes:
+            if node in _shown:
+                _sel_node_i = _shown.index(node)
+                _center_vertically()
+                return
+
+
+def _jump_to(node):
+    # Jumps directly to the menu node 'node'
+
+    global _cur_menu
+    global _shown
+    global _sel_node_i
+    global _menu_scroll
+    global _show_all
+    global _parent_screen_rows
+
+    # Clear remembered menu locations. We might not even have been in the
+    # parent menus before.
+    _parent_screen_rows = []
+
+    old_show_all = _show_all
+    jump_into = (isinstance(node.item, Choice) or node.item == MENU) and node.list
+
+    # If we're jumping to a non-empty choice or menu, jump to the first entry
+    # in it instead of jumping to its menu node
+    if jump_into:
+        _cur_menu = node
+        node = node.list
+    else:
+        _cur_menu = _parent_menu(node)
+
+    _shown = _shown_nodes(_cur_menu)
+    if node not in _shown:
+        # The node wouldn't be shown. Turn on show-all to show it.
+        _show_all = True
+        _shown = _shown_nodes(_cur_menu)
+
+    _sel_node_i = _shown.index(node)
+
+    if jump_into and not old_show_all and _show_all:
+        # If we're jumping into a choice or menu and were forced to turn on
+        # show-all because the first entry wasn't visible, try turning it off.
+        # That will land us at the first visible node if there are visible
+        # nodes, and is a no-op otherwise.
+        _toggle_show_all()
+
+    _center_vertically()
+
+    # If we're jumping to a non-empty choice, jump to the selected symbol, if
+    # any
+    if jump_into and isinstance(_cur_menu.item, Choice):
+        _select_selected_choice_sym()
+
+
+def _leave_menu():
+    # Jumps to the parent menu of the current menu. Does nothing if we're in
+    # the top menu.
+
+    global _cur_menu
+    global _shown
+    global _sel_node_i
+    global _menu_scroll
+
+    if _cur_menu is _kconf.top_node:
+        return
+
+    # Jump to parent menu
+    parent = _parent_menu(_cur_menu)
+    _shown = _shown_nodes(parent)
+    _sel_node_i = _shown.index(_cur_menu)
+    _cur_menu = parent
+
+    # Try to make the menu entry appear on the same row on the screen as it did
+    # before we entered the menu.
+
+    if _parent_screen_rows:
+        # The terminal might have shrunk since we were last in the parent menu
+        screen_row = min(_parent_screen_rows.pop(), _height(_menu_win) - 1)
+        _menu_scroll = max(_sel_node_i - screen_row, 0)
+    else:
+        # No saved parent menu locations, meaning we jumped directly to some
+        # node earlier
+        _center_vertically()
+
+
+def _select_next_menu_entry():
+    # Selects the menu entry after the current one, adjusting the scroll if
+    # necessary. Does nothing if we're already at the last menu entry.
+
+    global _sel_node_i
+    global _menu_scroll
+
+    if _sel_node_i < len(_shown) - 1:
+        # Jump to the next node
+        _sel_node_i += 1
+
+        # If the new node is sufficiently close to the edge of the menu window
+        # (as determined by _SCROLL_OFFSET), increase the scroll by one. This
+        # gives nice and non-jumpy behavior even when
+        # _SCROLL_OFFSET >= _height(_menu_win).
+        if _sel_node_i >= _menu_scroll + _height(
+            _menu_win
+        ) - _SCROLL_OFFSET and _menu_scroll < _max_scroll(_shown, _menu_win):
+
+            _menu_scroll += 1
+
+
+def _select_prev_menu_entry():
+    # Selects the menu entry before the current one, adjusting the scroll if
+    # necessary. Does nothing if we're already at the first menu entry.
+
+    global _sel_node_i
+    global _menu_scroll
+
+    if _sel_node_i > 0:
+        # Jump to the previous node
+        _sel_node_i -= 1
+
+        # See _select_next_menu_entry()
+        if _sel_node_i < _menu_scroll + _SCROLL_OFFSET:
+            _menu_scroll = max(_menu_scroll - 1, 0)
+
+
+def _select_last_menu_entry():
+    # Selects the last menu entry in the current menu
+
+    global _sel_node_i
+    global _menu_scroll
+
+    _sel_node_i = len(_shown) - 1
+    _menu_scroll = _max_scroll(_shown, _menu_win)
+
+
+def _select_first_menu_entry():
+    # Selects the first menu entry in the current menu
+
+    global _sel_node_i
+    global _menu_scroll
+
+    _sel_node_i = _menu_scroll = 0
+
+
+def _toggle_show_all():
+    # Toggles show-all mode on/off. If turning it off would give no visible
+    # items in the current menu, it is left on.
+
+    global _show_all
+    global _shown
+    global _sel_node_i
+    global _menu_scroll
+
+    # Row on the screen the cursor is on. Preferably we want the same row to
+    # stay highlighted.
+    old_row = _sel_node_i - _menu_scroll
+
+    _show_all = not _show_all
+    # List of new nodes to be shown after toggling _show_all
+    new_shown = _shown_nodes(_cur_menu)
+
+    # Find a good node to select. The selected node might disappear if show-all
+    # mode is turned off.
+
+    # Select the previously selected node itself if it is still visible. If
+    # there are visible nodes before it, select the closest one.
+    for node in _shown[_sel_node_i::-1]:
+        if node in new_shown:
+            _sel_node_i = new_shown.index(node)
+            break
+    else:
+        # No visible nodes before the previously selected node. Select the
+        # closest visible node after it instead.
+        for node in _shown[_sel_node_i + 1 :]:
+            if node in new_shown:
+                _sel_node_i = new_shown.index(node)
+                break
+        else:
+            # No visible nodes at all, meaning show-all was turned off inside
+            # an invisible menu. Don't allow that, as the implementation relies
+            # on always having a selected node.
+            _show_all = True
+            return
+
+    _shown = new_shown
+
+    # Try to make the cursor stay on the same row in the menu window. This
+    # might be impossible if too many nodes have disappeared above the node.
+    _menu_scroll = max(_sel_node_i - old_row, 0)
+
+
+def _center_vertically():
+    # Centers the selected node vertically, if possible
+
+    global _menu_scroll
+
+    _menu_scroll = min(
+        max(_sel_node_i - _height(_menu_win) // 2, 0), _max_scroll(_shown, _menu_win)
+    )
+
+
+def _draw_main():
+    # Draws the "main" display, with the list of symbols, the header, and the
+    # footer.
+    #
+    # This could be optimized to only update the windows that have actually
+    # changed, but keep it simple for now and let curses sort it out.
+
+    term_width = _width(_stdscr)
+
+    #
+    # Update the separator row below the menu path
+    #
+
+    _top_sep_win.erase()
+
+    # Draw arrows pointing up if the symbol window is scrolled down. Draw them
+    # before drawing the title, so the title ends up on top for small windows.
+    if _menu_scroll > 0:
+        _safe_hline(_top_sep_win, 0, 4, curses.ACS_UARROW, _N_SCROLL_ARROWS)
+
+    # Add the 'mainmenu' text as the title, centered at the top
+    _safe_addstr(
+        _top_sep_win, 0, max((term_width - len(_kconf.mainmenu_text)) // 2, 0), _kconf.mainmenu_text
+    )
+
+    _top_sep_win.noutrefresh()
+
+    # Note: The menu path at the top is deliberately updated last. See below.
+
+    #
+    # Update the symbol window
+    #
+
+    _menu_win.erase()
+
+    # Draw the _shown nodes starting from index _menu_scroll up to either as
+    # many as fit in the window, or to the end of _shown
+    for i in range(_menu_scroll, min(_menu_scroll + _height(_menu_win), len(_shown))):
+
+        node = _shown[i]
+
+        # The 'not _show_all' test avoids showing invisible items in red
+        # outside show-all mode, which could look confusing/broken. Invisible
+        # symbols show up outside show-all mode if an invisible symbol has
+        # visible children in an implicit (indented) menu.
+        if _visible(node) or not _show_all:
+            style = _style["selection" if i == _sel_node_i else "list"]
+        else:
+            style = _style["inv-selection" if i == _sel_node_i else "inv-list"]
+
+        _safe_addstr(_menu_win, i - _menu_scroll, 0, _node_str(node), style)
+
+    _menu_win.noutrefresh()
+
+    #
+    # Update the bottom separator window
+    #
+
+    _bot_sep_win.erase()
+
+    # Draw arrows pointing down if the symbol window is scrolled up
+    if _menu_scroll < _max_scroll(_shown, _menu_win):
+        _safe_hline(_bot_sep_win, 0, 4, curses.ACS_DARROW, _N_SCROLL_ARROWS)
+
+    # Indicate when show-name/show-help/show-all mode is enabled
+    enabled_modes = []
+    if _show_help:
+        enabled_modes.append("show-help (toggle with [F])")
+    if _show_name:
+        enabled_modes.append("show-name")
+    if _show_all:
+        enabled_modes.append("show-all")
+    if enabled_modes:
+        s = " and ".join(enabled_modes) + " mode enabled"
+        _safe_addstr(_bot_sep_win, 0, max(term_width - len(s) - 2, 0), s)
+
+    _bot_sep_win.noutrefresh()
+
+    #
+    # Update the help window, which shows either key bindings or help texts
+    #
+
+    _help_win.erase()
+
+    if _show_help:
+        node = _shown[_sel_node_i]
+        if isinstance(node.item, (Symbol, Choice)) and node.help:
+            help_lines = textwrap.wrap(node.help, _width(_help_win))
+            for i in range(min(_height(_help_win), len(help_lines))):
+                _safe_addstr(_help_win, i, 0, help_lines[i])
+        else:
+            _safe_addstr(_help_win, 0, 0, "(no help)")
+    else:
+        for i, line in enumerate(_MAIN_HELP_LINES):
+            _safe_addstr(_help_win, i, 0, line)
+
+    _help_win.noutrefresh()
+
+    #
+    # Update the top row with the menu path.
+    #
+    # Doing this last leaves the cursor on the top row, which avoids some minor
+    # annoying jumpiness in gnome-terminal when reducing the height of the
+    # terminal. It seems to happen whenever the row with the cursor on it
+    # disappears.
+    #
+
+    _path_win.erase()
+
+    # Draw the menu path ("(Top) -> Menu -> Submenu -> ...")
+
+    menu_prompts = []
+
+    menu = _cur_menu
+    while menu is not _kconf.top_node:
+        # Promptless choices can be entered in show-all mode. Use
+        # standard_sc_expr_str() for them, so they show up as
+        # '<choice (name if any)>'.
+        menu_prompts.append(menu.prompt[0] if menu.prompt else standard_sc_expr_str(menu.item))
+        menu = menu.parent
+    menu_prompts.append("(Top)")
+    menu_prompts.reverse()
+
+    # Hack: We can't put ACS_RARROW directly in the string. Temporarily
+    # represent it with NULL.
+    menu_path_str = " \0 ".join(menu_prompts)
+
+    # Scroll the menu path to the right if needed to make the current menu's
+    # title visible
+    if len(menu_path_str) > term_width:
+        menu_path_str = menu_path_str[len(menu_path_str) - term_width :]
+
+    # Print the path with the arrows reinserted
+    split_path = menu_path_str.split("\0")
+    _safe_addstr(_path_win, split_path[0])
+    for s in split_path[1:]:
+        _safe_addch(_path_win, curses.ACS_RARROW)
+        _safe_addstr(_path_win, s)
+
+    _path_win.noutrefresh()
+
+
+def _parent_menu(node):
+    # Returns the menu node of the menu that contains 'node'. In addition to
+    # proper 'menu's, this might also be a 'menuconfig' symbol or a 'choice'.
+    # "Menu" here means a menu in the interface.
+
+    menu = node.parent
+    while not menu.is_menuconfig:
+        menu = menu.parent
+    return menu
+
+
+def _shown_nodes(menu):
+    # Returns the list of menu nodes from 'menu' (see _parent_menu()) that
+    # would be shown when entering it
+
+    def rec(node):
+        res = []
+
+        while node:
+            if _visible(node) or _show_all:
+                res.append(node)
+                if node.list and not node.is_menuconfig:
+                    # Nodes from implicit menu created from dependencies. Will
+                    # be shown indented. Note that is_menuconfig is True for
+                    # menus and choices as well as 'menuconfig' symbols.
+                    res += rec(node.list)
+
+            elif node.list and isinstance(node.item, Symbol):
+                # Show invisible symbols if they have visible children. This
+                # can happen for an m/y-valued symbol with an optional prompt
+                # ('prompt "foo" is COND') that is currently disabled. Note
+                # that it applies to both 'config' and 'menuconfig' symbols.
+                shown_children = rec(node.list)
+                if shown_children:
+                    res.append(node)
+                    if not node.is_menuconfig:
+                        res += shown_children
+
+            node = node.next
+
+        return res
+
+    if isinstance(menu.item, Choice):
+        # For named choices defined in multiple locations, entering the choice
+        # at a particular menu node would normally only show the choice symbols
+        # defined there (because that's what the MenuNode tree looks like).
+        #
+        # That might look confusing, and makes extending choices by defining
+        # them in multiple locations less useful. Instead, gather all the child
+        # menu nodes for all the choices whenever a choice is entered. That
+        # makes all choice symbols visible at all locations.
+        #
+        # Choices can contain non-symbol items (people do all sorts of weird
+        # stuff with them), hence the generality here. We really need to
+        # preserve the menu tree at each choice location.
+        #
+        # Note: Named choices are pretty broken in the C tools, and this is
+        # super obscure, so you probably won't find much that relies on this.
+        # This whole 'if' could be deleted if you don't care about defining
+        # choices in multiple locations to add symbols (which will still work,
+        # just with things being displayed in a way that might be unexpected).
+
+        # Do some additional work to avoid listing choice symbols twice if all
+        # or part of the choice is copied in multiple locations (e.g. by
+        # including some Kconfig file multiple times). We give the prompts at
+        # the current location precedence.
+        seen_syms = {node.item for node in rec(menu.list) if isinstance(node.item, Symbol)}
+        res = []
+        for choice_node in menu.item.nodes:
+            for node in rec(choice_node.list):
+                # 'choice_node is menu' checks if we're dealing with the
+                # current location
+                if node.item not in seen_syms or choice_node is menu:
+                    res.append(node)
+                    if isinstance(node.item, Symbol):
+                        seen_syms.add(node.item)
+        return res
+
+    return rec(menu.list)
+
+
+def _visible(node):
+    # Returns True if the node should appear in the menu (outside show-all
+    # mode)
+
+    return (
+        node.prompt
+        and expr_value(node.prompt[1])
+        and not (node.item == MENU and not expr_value(node.visibility))
+    )
+
+
+def _change_node(node):
+    # Changes the value of the menu node 'node' if it is a symbol. Bools and
+    # tristates are toggled, while other symbol types pop up a text entry
+    # dialog.
+    #
+    # Returns False if the value of 'node' can't be changed.
+
+    if not _changeable(node):
+        return False
+
+    # sc = symbol/choice
+    sc = node.item
+
+    if sc.orig_type in (INT, HEX, STRING):
+        s = sc.str_value
+
+        while True:
+            s = _input_dialog(
+                "{} ({})".format(node.prompt[0], TYPE_TO_STR[sc.orig_type]), s, _range_info(sc)
+            )
+
+            if s is None:
+                break
+
+            if sc.orig_type in (INT, HEX):
+                s = s.strip()
+
+                # 'make menuconfig' does this too. Hex values not starting with
+                # '0x' are accepted when loading .config files though.
+                if sc.orig_type == HEX and not s.startswith(("0x", "0X")):
+                    s = "0x" + s
+
+            if _check_valid(sc, s):
+                _set_val(sc, s)
+                break
+
+    elif len(sc.assignable) == 1:
+        # Handles choice symbols for choices in y mode, which are a special
+        # case: .assignable can be (2,) while .tri_value is 0.
+        _set_val(sc, sc.assignable[0])
+
+    else:
+        # Set the symbol to the value after the current value in
+        # sc.assignable, with wrapping
+        val_index = sc.assignable.index(sc.tri_value)
+        _set_val(sc, sc.assignable[(val_index + 1) % len(sc.assignable)])
+
+    if _is_y_mode_choice_sym(sc) and not node.list:
+        # Immediately jump to the parent menu after making a choice selection,
+        # like 'make menuconfig' does, except if the menu node has children
+        # (which can happen if a symbol 'depends on' a choice symbol that
+        # immediately precedes it).
+        _leave_menu()
+
+    return True
+
+
+def _changeable(node):
+    # Returns True if the value if 'node' can be changed
+
+    sc = node.item
+
+    if not isinstance(sc, (Symbol, Choice)):
+        return False
+
+    # This will hit for invisible symbols, which appear in show-all mode and
+    # when an invisible symbol has visible children (which can happen e.g. for
+    # symbols with optional prompts)
+    if not (node.prompt and expr_value(node.prompt[1])):
+        return False
+
+    return sc.orig_type in (STRING, INT, HEX) or len(sc.assignable) > 1 or _is_y_mode_choice_sym(sc)
+
+
+def _set_sel_node_tri_val(tri_val):
+    # Sets the value of the currently selected menu entry to 'tri_val', if that
+    # value can be assigned
+
+    sc = _shown[_sel_node_i].item
+    if isinstance(sc, (Symbol, Choice)) and tri_val in sc.assignable:
+        _set_val(sc, tri_val)
+
+
+def _set_val(sc, val):
+    # Wrapper around Symbol/Choice.set_value() for updating the menu state and
+    # _conf_changed
+
+    global _conf_changed
+
+    # Use the string representation of tristate values. This makes the format
+    # consistent for all symbol types.
+    if val in TRI_TO_STR:
+        val = TRI_TO_STR[val]
+
+    if val != sc.str_value:
+        sc.set_value(val)
+        _conf_changed = True
+
+        # Changing the value of the symbol might have changed what items in the
+        # current menu are visible. Recalculate the state.
+        _update_menu()
+
+
+def _update_menu():
+    # Updates the current menu after the value of a symbol or choice has been
+    # changed. Changing a value might change which items in the menu are
+    # visible.
+    #
+    # If possible, preserves the location of the cursor on the screen when
+    # items are added/removed above the selected item.
+
+    global _shown
+    global _sel_node_i
+    global _menu_scroll
+
+    # Row on the screen the cursor was on
+    old_row = _sel_node_i - _menu_scroll
+
+    sel_node = _shown[_sel_node_i]
+
+    # New visible nodes
+    _shown = _shown_nodes(_cur_menu)
+
+    # New index of selected node
+    _sel_node_i = _shown.index(sel_node)
+
+    # Try to make the cursor stay on the same row in the menu window. This
+    # might be impossible if too many nodes have disappeared above the node.
+    _menu_scroll = max(_sel_node_i - old_row, 0)
+
+
+def _input_dialog(title, initial_text, info_text=None):
+    # Pops up a dialog that prompts the user for a string
+    #
+    # title:
+    #   Title to display at the top of the dialog window's border
+    #
+    # initial_text:
+    #   Initial text to prefill the input field with
+    #
+    # info_text:
+    #   String to show next to the input field. If None, just the input field
+    #   is shown.
+
+    win = _styled_win("body")
+    win.keypad(True)
+
+    info_lines = info_text.split("\n") if info_text else []
+
+    # Give the input dialog its initial size
+    _resize_input_dialog(win, title, info_lines)
+
+    _safe_curs_set(2)
+
+    # Input field text
+    s = initial_text
+
+    # Cursor position
+    i = len(initial_text)
+
+    def edit_width():
+        return _width(win) - 4
+
+    # Horizontal scroll offset
+    hscroll = max(i - edit_width() + 1, 0)
+
+    while True:
+        # Draw the "main" display with the menu, etc., so that resizing still
+        # works properly. This is like a stack of windows, only hardcoded for
+        # now.
+        _draw_main()
+        _draw_input_dialog(win, title, info_lines, s, i, hscroll)
+        curses.doupdate()
+
+        c = _getch_compat(win)
+
+        if c == curses.KEY_RESIZE:
+            # Resize the main display too. The dialog floats above it.
+            _resize_main()
+            _resize_input_dialog(win, title, info_lines)
+
+        elif c == "\n":
+            _safe_curs_set(0)
+            return s
+
+        elif c == "\x1B":  # \x1B = ESC
+            _safe_curs_set(0)
+            return None
+
+        else:
+            s, i, hscroll = _edit_text(c, s, i, hscroll, edit_width())
+
+
+def _resize_input_dialog(win, title, info_lines):
+    # Resizes the input dialog to a size appropriate for the terminal size
+
+    screen_height, screen_width = _stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+    win_height = 5
+    if info_lines:
+        win_height += len(info_lines) + 1
+    win_height = min(win_height, screen_height)
+
+    win_width = max(
+        _INPUT_DIALOG_MIN_WIDTH, len(title) + 4, *(len(line) + 4 for line in info_lines)
+    )
+    win_width = min(win_width, screen_width)
+
+    win.resize(win_height, win_width)
+    win.mvwin((screen_height - win_height) // 2, (screen_width - win_width) // 2)
+
+
+def _draw_input_dialog(win, title, info_lines, s, i, hscroll):
+    edit_width = _width(win) - 4
+
+    win.erase()
+
+    # Note: Perhaps having a separate window for the input field would be nicer
+    visible_s = s[hscroll : hscroll + edit_width]
+    _safe_addstr(win, 2, 2, visible_s + " " * (edit_width - len(visible_s)), _style["edit"])
+
+    for linenr, line in enumerate(info_lines):
+        _safe_addstr(win, 4 + linenr, 2, line)
+
+    # Draw the frame last so that it overwrites the body text for small windows
+    _draw_frame(win, title)
+
+    _safe_move(win, 2, 2 + i - hscroll)
+
+    win.noutrefresh()
+
+
+def _load_dialog():
+    # Dialog for loading a new configuration
+
+    global _conf_changed
+    global _conf_filename
+    global _show_all
+
+    if _conf_changed:
+        c = _key_dialog(
+            "Load",
+            "You have unsaved changes. Load new\n"
+            "configuration anyway?\n"
+            "\n"
+            "         (O)K  (C)ancel",
+            "oc",
+        )
+
+        if c is None or c == "c":
+            return
+
+    filename = _conf_filename
+    while True:
+        filename = _input_dialog("File to load", filename, _load_save_info())
+        if filename is None:
+            return
+
+        filename = os.path.expanduser(filename)
+
+        if _try_load(filename):
+            _conf_filename = filename
+            _conf_changed = _needs_save()
+
+            # Turn on show-all mode if the selected node is not visible after
+            # loading the new configuration. _shown still holds the old state.
+            if _shown[_sel_node_i] not in _shown_nodes(_cur_menu):
+                _show_all = True
+
+            _update_menu()
+
+            # The message dialog indirectly updates the menu display, so _msg()
+            # must be called after the new state has been initialized
+            _msg("Success", "Loaded " + filename)
+            return
+
+
+def _try_load(filename):
+    # Tries to load a configuration file. Pops up an error and returns False on
+    # failure.
+    #
+    # filename:
+    #   Configuration file to load
+
+    try:
+        _kconf.load_config(filename)
+        return True
+    except EnvironmentError as e:
+        _error(
+            "Error loading '{}'\n\n{} (errno: {})".format(
+                filename, e.strerror, errno.errorcode[e.errno]
+            )
+        )
+        return False
+
+
+def _save_dialog(save_fn, default_filename, description):
+    # Dialog for saving the current configuration
+    #
+    # save_fn:
+    #   Function to call with 'filename' to save the file
+    #
+    # default_filename:
+    #   Prefilled filename in the input field
+    #
+    # description:
+    #   String describing the thing being saved
+    #
+    # Return value:
+    #   The path to the saved file, or None if no file was saved
+
+    filename = default_filename
+    while True:
+        filename = _input_dialog(
+            "Filename to save {} to".format(description), filename, _load_save_info()
+        )
+        if filename is None:
+            return None
+
+        filename = os.path.expanduser(filename)
+
+        msg = _try_save(save_fn, filename, description)
+        if msg:
+            _msg("Success", msg)
+            return filename
+
+
+def _try_save(save_fn, filename, description):
+    # Tries to save a configuration file. Returns a message to print on
+    # success.
+    #
+    # save_fn:
+    #   Function to call with 'filename' to save the file
+    #
+    # description:
+    #   String describing the thing being saved
+    #
+    # Return value:
+    #   A message to print on success, and None on failure
+
+    try:
+        # save_fn() returns a message to print
+        return save_fn(filename)
+    except EnvironmentError as e:
+        _error(
+            "Error saving {} to '{}'\n\n{} (errno: {})".format(
+                description, e.filename, e.strerror, errno.errorcode[e.errno]
+            )
+        )
+        return None
+
+
+def _key_dialog(title, text, keys):
+    # Pops up a dialog that can be closed by pressing a key
+    #
+    # title:
+    #   Title to display at the top of the dialog window's border
+    #
+    # text:
+    #   Text to show in the dialog
+    #
+    # keys:
+    #   List of keys that will close the dialog. Other keys (besides ESC) are
+    #   ignored. The caller is responsible for providing a hint about which
+    #   keys can be pressed in 'text'.
+    #
+    # Return value:
+    #   The key that was pressed to close the dialog. Uppercase characters are
+    #   converted to lowercase. ESC will always close the dialog, and returns
+    #   None.
+
+    win = _styled_win("body")
+    win.keypad(True)
+
+    _resize_key_dialog(win, text)
+
+    while True:
+        # See _input_dialog()
+        _draw_main()
+        _draw_key_dialog(win, title, text)
+        curses.doupdate()
+
+        c = _getch_compat(win)
+
+        if c == curses.KEY_RESIZE:
+            # Resize the main display too. The dialog floats above it.
+            _resize_main()
+            _resize_key_dialog(win, text)
+
+        elif c == "\x1B":  # \x1B = ESC
+            return None
+
+        elif isinstance(c, str):
+            c = c.lower()
+            if c in keys:
+                return c
+
+
+def _resize_key_dialog(win, text):
+    # Resizes the key dialog to a size appropriate for the terminal size
+
+    screen_height, screen_width = _stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+    lines = text.split("\n")
+
+    win_height = min(len(lines) + 4, screen_height)
+    win_width = min(max(len(line) for line in lines) + 4, screen_width)
+
+    win.resize(win_height, win_width)
+    win.mvwin((screen_height - win_height) // 2, (screen_width - win_width) // 2)
+
+
+def _draw_key_dialog(win, title, text):
+    win.erase()
+
+    for i, line in enumerate(text.split("\n")):
+        _safe_addstr(win, 2 + i, 2, line)
+
+    # Draw the frame last so that it overwrites the body text for small windows
+    _draw_frame(win, title)
+
+    win.noutrefresh()
+
+
+def _draw_frame(win, title):
+    # Draw a frame around the inner edges of 'win', with 'title' at the top
+
+    win_height, win_width = win.getmaxyx()
+
+    win.attron(_style["frame"])
+
+    # Draw top/bottom edge
+    _safe_hline(win, 0, 0, " ", win_width)
+    _safe_hline(win, win_height - 1, 0, " ", win_width)
+
+    # Draw left/right edge
+    _safe_vline(win, 0, 0, " ", win_height)
+    _safe_vline(win, 0, win_width - 1, " ", win_height)
+
+    # Draw title
+    _safe_addstr(win, 0, max((win_width - len(title)) // 2, 0), title)
+
+    win.attroff(_style["frame"])
+
+
+def _jump_to_dialog():
+    # Implements the jump-to dialog, where symbols can be looked up via
+    # incremental search and jumped to.
+    #
+    # Returns True if the user jumped to a symbol, and False if the dialog was
+    # canceled.
+
+    s = ""  # Search text
+    prev_s = None  # Previous search text
+    s_i = 0  # Search text cursor position
+    hscroll = 0  # Horizontal scroll offset
+
+    sel_node_i = 0  # Index of selected row
+    scroll = 0  # Index in 'matches' of the top row of the list
+
+    # Edit box at the top
+    edit_box = _styled_win("jump-edit")
+    edit_box.keypad(True)
+
+    # List of matches
+    matches_win = _styled_win("list")
+
+    # Bottom separator, with arrows pointing down
+    bot_sep_win = _styled_win("separator")
+
+    # Help window with instructions at the bottom
+    help_win = _styled_win("help")
+
+    # Give windows their initial size
+    _resize_jump_to_dialog(edit_box, matches_win, bot_sep_win, help_win, sel_node_i, scroll)
+
+    _safe_curs_set(2)
+
+    # Logic duplication with _select_{next,prev}_menu_entry(), except we do a
+    # functional variant that returns the new (sel_node_i, scroll) values to
+    # avoid 'nonlocal'. TODO: Can this be factored out in some nice way?
+
+    def select_next_match():
+        if sel_node_i == len(matches) - 1:
+            return sel_node_i, scroll
+
+        if sel_node_i + 1 >= scroll + _height(
+            matches_win
+        ) - _SCROLL_OFFSET and scroll < _max_scroll(matches, matches_win):
+
+            return sel_node_i + 1, scroll + 1
+
+        return sel_node_i + 1, scroll
+
+    def select_prev_match():
+        if sel_node_i == 0:
+            return sel_node_i, scroll
+
+        if sel_node_i - 1 < scroll + _SCROLL_OFFSET:
+            return sel_node_i - 1, max(scroll - 1, 0)
+
+        return sel_node_i - 1, scroll
+
+    while True:
+        if s != prev_s:
+            # The search text changed. Find new matching nodes.
+
+            prev_s = s
+
+            try:
+                # We could use re.IGNORECASE here instead of lower(), but this
+                # is noticeably less jerky while inputting regexes like
+                # '.*debug$' (though the '.*' is redundant there). Those
+                # probably have bad interactions with re.search(), which
+                # matches anywhere in the string.
+                #
+                # It's not horrible either way. Just a bit smoother.
+                regex_searches = [re.compile(regex).search for regex in s.lower().split()]
+
+                # No exception thrown, so the regexes are okay
+                bad_re = None
+
+                # List of matching nodes
+                matches = []
+                add_match = matches.append
+
+                # Search symbols and choices
+
+                for node in _sorted_sc_nodes():
+                    # Symbol/choice
+                    sc = node.item
+
+                    for search in regex_searches:
+                        # Both the name and the prompt might be missing, since
+                        # we're searching both symbols and choices
+
+                        # Does the regex match either the symbol name or the
+                        # prompt (if any)?
+                        if not (
+                            sc.name
+                            and search(sc.name.lower())
+                            or node.prompt
+                            and search(node.prompt[0].lower())
+                        ):
+
+                            # Give up on the first regex that doesn't match, to
+                            # speed things up a bit when multiple regexes are
+                            # entered
+                            break
+
+                    else:
+                        add_match(node)
+
+                # Search menus and comments
+
+                for node in _sorted_menu_comment_nodes():
+                    for search in regex_searches:
+                        if not search(node.prompt[0].lower()):
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        add_match(node)
+
+            except re.error as e:
+                # Bad regex. Remember the error message so we can show it.
+                bad_re = "Bad regular expression"
+                # re.error.msg was added in Python 3.5
+                if hasattr(e, "msg"):
+                    bad_re += ": " + e.msg
+
+                matches = []
+
+            # Reset scroll and jump to the top of the list of matches
+            sel_node_i = scroll = 0
+
+        _draw_jump_to_dialog(
+            edit_box,
+            matches_win,
+            bot_sep_win,
+            help_win,
+            s,
+            s_i,
+            hscroll,
+            bad_re,
+            matches,
+            sel_node_i,
+            scroll,
+        )
+        curses.doupdate()
+
+        c = _getch_compat(edit_box)
+
+        if c == "\n":
+            if matches:
+                _jump_to(matches[sel_node_i])
+                _safe_curs_set(0)
+                return True
+
+        elif c == "\x1B":  # \x1B = ESC
+            _safe_curs_set(0)
+            return False
+
+        elif c == curses.KEY_RESIZE:
+            # We adjust the scroll so that the selected node stays visible in
+            # the list when the terminal is resized, hence the 'scroll'
+            # assignment
+            scroll = _resize_jump_to_dialog(
+                edit_box, matches_win, bot_sep_win, help_win, sel_node_i, scroll
+            )
+
+        elif c == "\x06":  # \x06 = Ctrl-F
+            if matches:
+                _safe_curs_set(0)
+                _info_dialog(matches[sel_node_i], True)
+                _safe_curs_set(2)
+
+                scroll = _resize_jump_to_dialog(
+                    edit_box, matches_win, bot_sep_win, help_win, sel_node_i, scroll
+                )
+
+        elif c == curses.KEY_DOWN:
+            sel_node_i, scroll = select_next_match()
+
+        elif c == curses.KEY_UP:
+            sel_node_i, scroll = select_prev_match()
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_NPAGE, "\x04"):  # Page Down/Ctrl-D
+            # Keep it simple. This way we get sane behavior for small windows,
+            # etc., for free.
+            for _ in range(_PG_JUMP):
+                sel_node_i, scroll = select_next_match()
+
+        # Page Up (no Ctrl-U, as it's already used by the edit box)
+        elif c == curses.KEY_PPAGE:
+            for _ in range(_PG_JUMP):
+                sel_node_i, scroll = select_prev_match()
+
+        elif c == curses.KEY_END:
+            sel_node_i = len(matches) - 1
+            scroll = _max_scroll(matches, matches_win)
+
+        elif c == curses.KEY_HOME:
+            sel_node_i = scroll = 0
+
+        else:
+            s, s_i, hscroll = _edit_text(c, s, s_i, hscroll, _width(edit_box) - 2)
+
+
+# Obscure Python: We never pass a value for cached_nodes, and it keeps pointing
+# to the same list. This avoids a global.
+def _sorted_sc_nodes(cached_nodes=[]):
+    # Returns a sorted list of symbol and choice nodes to search. The symbol
+    # nodes appear first, sorted by name, and then the choice nodes, sorted by
+    # prompt and (secondarily) name.
+
+    if not cached_nodes:
+        # Add symbol nodes
+        for sym in sorted(_kconf.unique_defined_syms, key=lambda sym: sym.name):
+            # += is in-place for lists
+            cached_nodes += sym.nodes
+
+        # Add choice nodes
+
+        choices = sorted(_kconf.unique_choices, key=lambda choice: choice.name or "")
+
+        cached_nodes += sorted(
+            [node for choice in choices for node in choice.nodes],
+            key=lambda node: node.prompt[0] if node.prompt else "",
+        )
+
+    return cached_nodes
+
+
+def _sorted_menu_comment_nodes(cached_nodes=[]):
+    # Returns a list of menu and comment nodes to search, sorted by prompt,
+    # with the menus first
+
+    if not cached_nodes:
+
+        def prompt_text(mc):
+            return mc.prompt[0]
+
+        cached_nodes += sorted(_kconf.menus, key=prompt_text)
+        cached_nodes += sorted(_kconf.comments, key=prompt_text)
+
+    return cached_nodes
+
+
+def _resize_jump_to_dialog(edit_box, matches_win, bot_sep_win, help_win, sel_node_i, scroll):
+    # Resizes the jump-to dialog to fill the terminal.
+    #
+    # Returns the new scroll index. We adjust the scroll if needed so that the
+    # selected node stays visible.
+
+    screen_height, screen_width = _stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+    bot_sep_win.resize(1, screen_width)
+
+    help_win_height = len(_JUMP_TO_HELP_LINES)
+    matches_win_height = screen_height - help_win_height - 4
+
+    if matches_win_height >= 1:
+        edit_box.resize(3, screen_width)
+        matches_win.resize(matches_win_height, screen_width)
+        help_win.resize(help_win_height, screen_width)
+
+        matches_win.mvwin(3, 0)
+        bot_sep_win.mvwin(3 + matches_win_height, 0)
+        help_win.mvwin(3 + matches_win_height + 1, 0)
+    else:
+        # Degenerate case. Give up on nice rendering and just prevent errors.
+
+        matches_win_height = 1
+
+        edit_box.resize(screen_height, screen_width)
+        matches_win.resize(1, screen_width)
+        help_win.resize(1, screen_width)
+
+        for win in matches_win, bot_sep_win, help_win:
+            win.mvwin(0, 0)
+
+    # Adjust the scroll so that the selected row is still within the window, if
+    # needed
+    if sel_node_i - scroll >= matches_win_height:
+        return sel_node_i - matches_win_height + 1
+    return scroll
+
+
+def _draw_jump_to_dialog(
+    edit_box,
+    matches_win,
+    bot_sep_win,
+    help_win,
+    s,
+    s_i,
+    hscroll,
+    bad_re,
+    matches,
+    sel_node_i,
+    scroll,
+):
+
+    edit_width = _width(edit_box) - 2
+
+    #
+    # Update list of matches
+    #
+
+    matches_win.erase()
+
+    if matches:
+        for i in range(scroll, min(scroll + _height(matches_win), len(matches))):
+
+            node = matches[i]
+
+            if isinstance(node.item, (Symbol, Choice)):
+                node_str = _name_and_val_str(node.item)
+                if node.prompt:
+                    node_str += ' "{}"'.format(node.prompt[0])
+            elif node.item == MENU:
+                node_str = 'menu "{}"'.format(node.prompt[0])
+            else:  # node.item == COMMENT
+                node_str = 'comment "{}"'.format(node.prompt[0])
+
+            _safe_addstr(
+                matches_win,
+                i - scroll,
+                0,
+                node_str,
+                _style["selection" if i == sel_node_i else "list"],
+            )
+
+    else:
+        # bad_re holds the error message from the re.error exception on errors
+        _safe_addstr(matches_win, 0, 0, bad_re or "No matches")
+
+    matches_win.noutrefresh()
+
+    #
+    # Update bottom separator line
+    #
+
+    bot_sep_win.erase()
+
+    # Draw arrows pointing down if the symbol list is scrolled up
+    if scroll < _max_scroll(matches, matches_win):
+        _safe_hline(bot_sep_win, 0, 4, curses.ACS_DARROW, _N_SCROLL_ARROWS)
+
+    bot_sep_win.noutrefresh()
+
+    #
+    # Update help window at bottom
+    #
+
+    help_win.erase()
+
+    for i, line in enumerate(_JUMP_TO_HELP_LINES):
+        _safe_addstr(help_win, i, 0, line)
+
+    help_win.noutrefresh()
+
+    #
+    # Update edit box. We do this last since it makes it handy to position the
+    # cursor.
+    #
+
+    edit_box.erase()
+
+    _draw_frame(edit_box, "Jump to symbol/choice/menu/comment")
+
+    # Draw arrows pointing up if the symbol list is scrolled down
+    if scroll > 0:
+        # TODO: Bit ugly that _style["frame"] is repeated here
+        _safe_hline(edit_box, 2, 4, curses.ACS_UARROW, _N_SCROLL_ARROWS, _style["frame"])
+
+    visible_s = s[hscroll : hscroll + edit_width]
+    _safe_addstr(edit_box, 1, 1, visible_s)
+
+    _safe_move(edit_box, 1, 1 + s_i - hscroll)
+
+    edit_box.noutrefresh()
+
+
+def _info_dialog(node, from_jump_to_dialog):
+    # Shows a fullscreen window with information about 'node'.
+    #
+    # If 'from_jump_to_dialog' is True, the information dialog was opened from
+    # within the jump-to-dialog. In this case, we make '/' from within the
+    # information dialog just return, to avoid a confusing recursive invocation
+    # of the jump-to-dialog.
+
+    # Top row, with title and arrows point up
+    top_line_win = _styled_win("separator")
+
+    # Text display
+    text_win = _styled_win("text")
+    text_win.keypad(True)
+
+    # Bottom separator, with arrows pointing down
+    bot_sep_win = _styled_win("separator")
+
+    # Help window with keys at the bottom
+    help_win = _styled_win("help")
+
+    # Give windows their initial size
+    _resize_info_dialog(top_line_win, text_win, bot_sep_win, help_win)
+
+    # Get lines of help text
+    lines = _info_str(node).split("\n")
+
+    # Index of first row in 'lines' to show
+    scroll = 0
+
+    while True:
+        _draw_info_dialog(node, lines, scroll, top_line_win, text_win, bot_sep_win, help_win)
+        curses.doupdate()
+
+        c = _getch_compat(text_win)
+
+        if c == curses.KEY_RESIZE:
+            _resize_info_dialog(top_line_win, text_win, bot_sep_win, help_win)
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_DOWN, "j", "J"):
+            if scroll < _max_scroll(lines, text_win):
+                scroll += 1
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_NPAGE, "\x04"):  # Page Down/Ctrl-D
+            scroll = min(scroll + _PG_JUMP, _max_scroll(lines, text_win))
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_PPAGE, "\x15"):  # Page Up/Ctrl-U
+            scroll = max(scroll - _PG_JUMP, 0)
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_END, "G"):
+            scroll = _max_scroll(lines, text_win)
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_HOME, "g"):
+            scroll = 0
+
+        elif c in (curses.KEY_UP, "k", "K"):
+            if scroll > 0:
+                scroll -= 1
+
+        elif c == "/":
+            # Support starting a search from within the information dialog
+
+            if from_jump_to_dialog:
+                return  # Avoid recursion
+
+            if _jump_to_dialog():
+                return  # Jumped to a symbol. Cancel the information dialog.
+
+            # Stay in the information dialog if the jump-to dialog was
+            # canceled. Resize it in case the terminal was resized while the
+            # fullscreen jump-to dialog was open.
+            _resize_info_dialog(top_line_win, text_win, bot_sep_win, help_win)
+
+        elif c in (
+            curses.KEY_LEFT,
+            curses.KEY_BACKSPACE,
+            _ERASE_CHAR,
+            "\x1B",  # \x1B = ESC
+            "q",
+            "Q",
+            "h",
+            "H",
+        ):
+
+            return
+
+
+def _resize_info_dialog(top_line_win, text_win, bot_sep_win, help_win):
+    # Resizes the info dialog to fill the terminal
+
+    screen_height, screen_width = _stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+    top_line_win.resize(1, screen_width)
+    bot_sep_win.resize(1, screen_width)
+
+    help_win_height = len(_INFO_HELP_LINES)
+    text_win_height = screen_height - help_win_height - 2
+
+    if text_win_height >= 1:
+        text_win.resize(text_win_height, screen_width)
+        help_win.resize(help_win_height, screen_width)
+
+        text_win.mvwin(1, 0)
+        bot_sep_win.mvwin(1 + text_win_height, 0)
+        help_win.mvwin(1 + text_win_height + 1, 0)
+    else:
+        # Degenerate case. Give up on nice rendering and just prevent errors.
+
+        text_win.resize(1, screen_width)
+        help_win.resize(1, screen_width)
+
+        for win in text_win, bot_sep_win, help_win:
+            win.mvwin(0, 0)
+
+
+def _draw_info_dialog(node, lines, scroll, top_line_win, text_win, bot_sep_win, help_win):
+
+    text_win_height, text_win_width = text_win.getmaxyx()
+
+    # Note: The top row is deliberately updated last. See _draw_main().
+
+    #
+    # Update text display
+    #
+
+    text_win.erase()
+
+    for i, line in enumerate(lines[scroll : scroll + text_win_height]):
+        _safe_addstr(text_win, i, 0, line)
+
+    text_win.noutrefresh()
+
+    #
+    # Update bottom separator line
+    #
+
+    bot_sep_win.erase()
+
+    # Draw arrows pointing down if the symbol window is scrolled up
+    if scroll < _max_scroll(lines, text_win):
+        _safe_hline(bot_sep_win, 0, 4, curses.ACS_DARROW, _N_SCROLL_ARROWS)
+
+    bot_sep_win.noutrefresh()
+
+    #
+    # Update help window at bottom
+    #
+
+    help_win.erase()
+
+    for i, line in enumerate(_INFO_HELP_LINES):
+        _safe_addstr(help_win, i, 0, line)
+
+    help_win.noutrefresh()
+
+    #
+    # Update top row
+    #
+
+    top_line_win.erase()
+
+    # Draw arrows pointing up if the information window is scrolled down. Draw
+    # them before drawing the title, so the title ends up on top for small
+    # windows.
+    if scroll > 0:
+        _safe_hline(top_line_win, 0, 4, curses.ACS_UARROW, _N_SCROLL_ARROWS)
+
+    title = (
+        "Symbol"
+        if isinstance(node.item, Symbol)
+        else "Choice"
+        if isinstance(node.item, Choice)
+        else "Menu"
+        if node.item == MENU
+        else "Comment"
+    ) + " information"
+    _safe_addstr(top_line_win, 0, max((text_win_width - len(title)) // 2, 0), title)
+
+    top_line_win.noutrefresh()
+
+
+def _info_str(node):
+    # Returns information about the menu node 'node' as a string.
+    #
+    # The helper functions are responsible for adding newlines. This allows
+    # them to return "" if they don't want to add any output.
+
+    if isinstance(node.item, Symbol):
+        sym = node.item
+
+        return (
+            _name_info(sym)
+            + _prompt_info(sym)
+            + "Type: {}\n".format(TYPE_TO_STR[sym.type])
+            + _value_info(sym)
+            + _help_info(sym)
+            + _direct_dep_info(sym)
+            + _defaults_info(sym)
+            + _select_imply_info(sym)
+            + _kconfig_def_info(sym)
+        )
+
+    if isinstance(node.item, Choice):
+        choice = node.item
+
+        return (
+            _name_info(choice)
+            + _prompt_info(choice)
+            + "Type: {}\n".format(TYPE_TO_STR[choice.type])
+            + "Mode: {}\n".format(choice.str_value)
+            + _help_info(choice)
+            + _choice_syms_info(choice)
+            + _direct_dep_info(choice)
+            + _defaults_info(choice)
+            + _kconfig_def_info(choice)
+        )
+
+    return _kconfig_def_info(node)  # node.item in (MENU, COMMENT)
+
+
+def _name_info(sc):
+    # Returns a string with the name of the symbol/choice. Names are optional
+    # for choices.
+
+    return "Name: {}\n".format(sc.name) if sc.name else ""
+
+
+def _prompt_info(sc):
+    # Returns a string listing the prompts of 'sc' (Symbol or Choice)
+
+    s = ""
+
+    for node in sc.nodes:
+        if node.prompt:
+            s += "Prompt: {}\n".format(node.prompt[0])
+
+    return s
+
+
+def _value_info(sym):
+    # Returns a string showing 'sym's value
+
+    # Only put quotes around the value for string symbols
+    return "Value: {}\n".format(
+        '"{}"'.format(sym.str_value) if sym.orig_type == STRING else sym.str_value
+    )
+
+
+def _choice_syms_info(choice):
+    # Returns a string listing the choice symbols in 'choice'. Adds
+    # "(selected)" next to the selected one.
+
+    s = "Choice symbols:\n"
+
+    for sym in choice.syms:
+        s += "  - " + sym.name
+        if sym is choice.selection:
+            s += " (selected)"
+        s += "\n"
+
+    return s + "\n"
+
+
+def _help_info(sc):
+    # Returns a string with the help text(s) of 'sc' (Symbol or Choice).
+    # Symbols and choices defined in multiple locations can have multiple help
+    # texts.
+
+    s = "\n"
+
+    for node in sc.nodes:
+        if node.help is not None:
+            s += "Help:\n\n{}\n\n".format(_indent(node.help, 2))
+
+    return s
+
+
+def _direct_dep_info(sc):
+    # Returns a string describing the direct dependencies of 'sc' (Symbol or
+    # Choice). The direct dependencies are the OR of the dependencies from each
+    # definition location. The dependencies at each definition location come
+    # from 'depends on' and dependencies inherited from parent items.
+
+    return (
+        ""
+        if sc.direct_dep is _kconf.y
+        else "Direct dependencies (={}):\n{}\n".format(
+            TRI_TO_STR[expr_value(sc.direct_dep)], _split_expr_info(sc.direct_dep, 2)
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def _defaults_info(sc):
+    # Returns a string describing the defaults of 'sc' (Symbol or Choice)
+
+    if not sc.defaults:
+        return ""
+
+    s = "Default"
+    if len(sc.defaults) > 1:
+        s += "s"
+    s += ":\n"
+
+    for val, cond in sc.orig_defaults:
+        s += "  - "
+        if isinstance(sc, Symbol):
+            s += _expr_str(val)
+
+            # Skip the tristate value hint if the expression is just a single
+            # symbol. _expr_str() already shows its value as a string.
+            #
+            # This also avoids showing the tristate value for string/int/hex
+            # defaults, which wouldn't make any sense.
+            if isinstance(val, tuple):
+                s += "  (={})".format(TRI_TO_STR[expr_value(val)])
+        else:
+            # Don't print the value next to the symbol name for choice
+            # defaults, as it looks a bit confusing
+            s += val.name
+        s += "\n"
+
+        if cond is not _kconf.y:
+            s += "    Condition (={}):\n{}".format(
+                TRI_TO_STR[expr_value(cond)], _split_expr_info(cond, 4)
+            )
+
+    return s + "\n"
+
+
+def _split_expr_info(expr, indent):
+    # Returns a string with 'expr' split into its top-level && or || operands,
+    # with one operand per line, together with the operand's value. This is
+    # usually enough to get something readable for long expressions. A fancier
+    # recursive thingy would be possible too.
+    #
+    # indent:
+    #   Number of leading spaces to add before the split expression.
+
+    if len(split_expr(expr, AND)) > 1:
+        split_op = AND
+        op_str = "&&"
+    else:
+        split_op = OR
+        op_str = "||"
+
+    s = ""
+    for i, term in enumerate(split_expr(expr, split_op)):
+        s += "{}{} {}".format(indent * " ", "  " if i == 0 else op_str, _expr_str(term))
+
+        # Don't bother showing the value hint if the expression is just a
+        # single symbol. _expr_str() already shows its value.
+        if isinstance(term, tuple):
+            s += "  (={})".format(TRI_TO_STR[expr_value(term)])
+
+        s += "\n"
+
+    return s
+
+
+def _select_imply_info(sym):
+    # Returns a string with information about which symbols 'select' or 'imply'
+    # 'sym'. The selecting/implying symbols are grouped according to which
+    # value they select/imply 'sym' to (n/m/y).
+
+    def sis(expr, val, title):
+        # sis = selects/implies
+        sis = [si for si in split_expr(expr, OR) if expr_value(si) == val]
+        if not sis:
+            return ""
+
+        res = title
+        for si in sis:
+            res += "  - {}\n".format(split_expr(si, AND)[0].name)
+        return res + "\n"
+
+    s = ""
+
+    if sym.rev_dep is not _kconf.n:
+        s += sis(sym.rev_dep, 2, "Symbols currently y-selecting this symbol:\n")
+        s += sis(sym.rev_dep, 1, "Symbols currently m-selecting this symbol:\n")
+        s += sis(sym.rev_dep, 0, "Symbols currently n-selecting this symbol (no effect):\n")
+
+    if sym.weak_rev_dep is not _kconf.n:
+        s += sis(sym.weak_rev_dep, 2, "Symbols currently y-implying this symbol:\n")
+        s += sis(sym.weak_rev_dep, 1, "Symbols currently m-implying this symbol:\n")
+        s += sis(sym.weak_rev_dep, 0, "Symbols currently n-implying this symbol (no effect):\n")
+
+    return s
+
+
+def _kconfig_def_info(item):
+    # Returns a string with the definition of 'item' in Kconfig syntax,
+    # together with the definition location(s) and their include and menu paths
+
+    nodes = [item] if isinstance(item, MenuNode) else item.nodes
+
+    s = "Kconfig definition{}, with parent deps. propagated to 'depends on'\n".format(
+        "s" if len(nodes) > 1 else ""
+    )
+    s += (len(s) - 1) * "="
+
+    for node in nodes:
+        s += (
+            "\n\n"
+            "At {}:{}\n"
+            "{}"
+            "Menu path: {}\n\n"
+            "{}".format(
+                node.filename,
+                node.linenr,
+                _include_path_info(node),
+                _menu_path_info(node),
+                _indent(node.custom_str(_name_and_val_str), 2),
+            )
+        )
+
+    return s
+
+
+def _include_path_info(node):
+    if not node.include_path:
+        # In the top-level Kconfig file
+        return ""
+
+    return "Included via {}\n".format(
+        " -> ".join("{}:{}".format(filename, linenr) for filename, linenr in node.include_path)
+    )
+
+
+def _menu_path_info(node):
+    # Returns a string describing the menu path leading up to 'node'
+
+    path = ""
+
+    while node.parent is not _kconf.top_node:
+        node = node.parent
+
+        # Promptless choices might appear among the parents. Use
+        # standard_sc_expr_str() for them, so that they show up as
+        # '<choice (name if any)>'.
+        path = " -> " + (node.prompt[0] if node.prompt else standard_sc_expr_str(node.item)) + path
+
+    return "(Top)" + path
+
+
+def _indent(s, n):
+    # Returns 's' with each line indented 'n' spaces. textwrap.indent() is not
+    # available in Python 2 (it's 3.3+).
+
+    return "\n".join(n * " " + line for line in s.split("\n"))
+
+
+def _name_and_val_str(sc):
+    # Custom symbol/choice printer that shows symbol values after symbols
+
+    # Show the values of non-constant (non-quoted) symbols that don't look like
+    # numbers. Things like 123 are actually symbol references, and only work as
+    # expected due to undefined symbols getting their name as their value.
+    # Showing the symbol value for those isn't helpful though.
+    if isinstance(sc, Symbol) and not sc.is_constant and not _is_num(sc.name):
+        if not sc.nodes:
+            # Undefined symbol reference
+            return "{}(undefined/n)".format(sc.name)
+
+        return "{}(={})".format(sc.name, sc.str_value)
+
+    # For other items, use the standard format
+    return standard_sc_expr_str(sc)
+
+
+def _expr_str(expr):
+    # Custom expression printer that shows symbol values
+    return expr_str(expr, _name_and_val_str)
+
+
+def _styled_win(style):
+    # Returns a new curses window with style 'style' and space as the fill
+    # character. The initial dimensions are (1, 1), so the window needs to be
+    # sized and positioned separately.
+
+    win = curses.newwin(1, 1)
+    _set_style(win, style)
+    return win
+
+
+def _set_style(win, style):
+    # Changes the style of an existing window
+
+    win.bkgdset(" ", _style[style])
+
+
+def _max_scroll(lst, win):
+    # Assuming 'lst' is a list of items to be displayed in 'win',
+    # returns the maximum number of steps 'win' can be scrolled down.
+    # We stop scrolling when the bottom item is visible.
+
+    return max(0, len(lst) - _height(win))
+
+
+def _edit_text(c, s, i, hscroll, width):
+    # Implements text editing commands for edit boxes. Takes a character (which
+    # could also be e.g. curses.KEY_LEFT) and the edit box state, and returns
+    # the new state after the character has been processed.
+    #
+    # c:
+    #   Character from user
+    #
+    # s:
+    #   Current contents of string
+    #
+    # i:
+    #   Current cursor index in string
+    #
+    # hscroll:
+    #   Index in s of the leftmost character in the edit box, for horizontal
+    #   scrolling
+    #
+    # width:
+    #   Width in characters of the edit box
+    #
+    # Return value:
+    #   An (s, i, hscroll) tuple for the new state
+
+    if c == curses.KEY_LEFT:
+        if i > 0:
+            i -= 1
+
+    elif c == curses.KEY_RIGHT:
+        if i < len(s):
+            i += 1
+
+    elif c in (curses.KEY_HOME, "\x01"):  # \x01 = CTRL-A
+        i = 0
+
+    elif c in (curses.KEY_END, "\x05"):  # \x05 = CTRL-E
+        i = len(s)
+
+    elif c in (curses.KEY_BACKSPACE, _ERASE_CHAR):
+        if i > 0:
+            s = s[: i - 1] + s[i:]
+            i -= 1
+
+    elif c == curses.KEY_DC:
+        s = s[:i] + s[i + 1 :]
+
+    elif c == "\x17":  # \x17 = CTRL-W
+        # The \W removes characters like ',' one at a time
+        new_i = re.search(r"(?:\w*|\W)\s*$", s[:i]).start()
+        s = s[:new_i] + s[i:]
+        i = new_i
+
+    elif c == "\x0B":  # \x0B = CTRL-K
+        s = s[:i]
+
+    elif c == "\x15":  # \x15 = CTRL-U
+        s = s[i:]
+        i = 0
+
+    elif isinstance(c, str):
+        # Insert character
+        s = s[:i] + c + s[i:]
+        i += 1
+
+    # Adjust the horizontal scroll so that the cursor never touches the left or
+    # right edges of the edit box, except when it's at the beginning or the end
+    # of the string
+    if i < hscroll + _SCROLL_OFFSET:
+        hscroll = max(i - _SCROLL_OFFSET, 0)
+    elif i >= hscroll + width - _SCROLL_OFFSET:
+        max_scroll = max(len(s) - width + 1, 0)
+        hscroll = min(i - width + _SCROLL_OFFSET + 1, max_scroll)
+
+    return s, i, hscroll
+
+
+def _load_save_info():
+    # Returns an information string for load/save dialog boxes
+
+    return "(Relative to {})\n\nRefer to your home directory with ~".format(
+        os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "")
+    )
+
+
+def _msg(title, text):
+    # Pops up a message dialog that can be dismissed with Space/Enter/ESC
+
+    _key_dialog(title, text, " \n")
+
+
+def _error(text):
+    # Pops up an error dialog that can be dismissed with Space/Enter/ESC
+
+    _msg("Error", text)
+
+
+def _node_str(node):
+    # Returns the complete menu entry text for a menu node.
+    #
+    # Example return value: "[*] Support for X"
+
+    # Calculate the indent to print the item with by checking how many levels
+    # above it the closest 'menuconfig' item is (this includes menus and
+    # choices as well as menuconfig symbols)
+    indent = 0
+    parent = node.parent
+    while not parent.is_menuconfig:
+        indent += _SUBMENU_INDENT
+        parent = parent.parent
+
+    # This approach gives nice alignment for empty string symbols ("()  Foo")
+    s = "{:{}}".format(_value_str(node), 3 + indent)
+
+    if _should_show_name(node):
+        if isinstance(node.item, Symbol):
+            s += " <{}>".format(node.item.name)
+        else:
+            # For choices, use standard_sc_expr_str(). That way they show up as
+            # '<choice (name if any)>'.
+            s += " " + standard_sc_expr_str(node.item)
+
+    if node.prompt:
+        if node.item == COMMENT:
+            s += " *** {} ***".format(node.prompt[0])
+        else:
+            s += " " + node.prompt[0]
+
+        if isinstance(node.item, Symbol):
+            sym = node.item
+
+            # Print "(NEW)" next to symbols without a user value (from e.g. a
+            # .config), but skip it for choice symbols in choices in y mode,
+            # and for symbols of UNKNOWN type (which generate a warning though)
+            if (
+                sym.user_value is None
+                and sym.orig_type
+                and not (sym.choice and sym.choice.tri_value == 2)
+            ):
+
+                s += " (NEW)"
+
+    if isinstance(node.item, Choice) and node.item.tri_value == 2:
+        # Print the prompt of the selected symbol after the choice for
+        # choices in y mode
+        sym = node.item.selection
+        if sym:
+            for sym_node in sym.nodes:
+                # Use the prompt used at this choice location, in case the
+                # choice symbol is defined in multiple locations
+                if sym_node.parent is node and sym_node.prompt:
+                    s += " ({})".format(sym_node.prompt[0])
+                    break
+            else:
+                # If the symbol isn't defined at this choice location, then
+                # just use whatever prompt we can find for it
+                for sym_node in sym.nodes:
+                    if sym_node.prompt:
+                        s += " ({})".format(sym_node.prompt[0])
+                        break
+
+    # Print "--->" next to nodes that have menus that can potentially be
+    # entered. Print "----" if the menu is empty. We don't allow those to be
+    # entered.
+    if node.is_menuconfig:
+        s += "  --->" if _shown_nodes(node) else "  ----"
+
+    return s
+
+
+def _should_show_name(node):
+    # Returns True if 'node' is a symbol or choice whose name should shown (if
+    # any, as names are optional for choices)
+
+    # The 'not node.prompt' case only hits in show-all mode, for promptless
+    # symbols and choices
+    return not node.prompt or (_show_name and isinstance(node.item, (Symbol, Choice)))
+
+
+def _value_str(node):
+    # Returns the value part ("[*]", "<M>", "(foo)" etc.) of a menu node
+
+    item = node.item
+
+    if item in (MENU, COMMENT):
+        return ""
+
+    # Wouldn't normally happen, and generates a warning
+    if not item.orig_type:
+        return ""
+
+    if item.orig_type in (STRING, INT, HEX):
+        return "({})".format(item.str_value)
+
+    # BOOL or TRISTATE
+
+    if _is_y_mode_choice_sym(item):
+        return "(X)" if item.choice.selection is item else "( )"
+
+    tri_val_str = (" ", "M", "*")[item.tri_value]
+
+    if len(item.assignable) <= 1:
+        # Pinned to a single value
+        return "" if isinstance(item, Choice) else "-{}-".format(tri_val_str)
+
+    if item.type == BOOL:
+        return "[{}]".format(tri_val_str)
+
+    # item.type == TRISTATE
+    if item.assignable == (1, 2):
+        return "{{{}}}".format(tri_val_str)  # {M}/{*}
+    return "<{}>".format(tri_val_str)
+
+
+def _is_y_mode_choice_sym(item):
+    # The choice mode is an upper bound on the visibility of choice symbols, so
+    # we can check the choice symbols' own visibility to see if the choice is
+    # in y mode
+    return isinstance(item, Symbol) and item.choice and item.visibility == 2
+
+
+def _check_valid(sym, s):
+    # Returns True if the string 's' is a well-formed value for 'sym'.
+    # Otherwise, displays an error and returns False.
+
+    if sym.orig_type not in (INT, HEX):
+        return True  # Anything goes for non-int/hex symbols
+
+    base = 10 if sym.orig_type == INT else 16
+    try:
+        int(s, base)
+    except ValueError:
+        _error("'{}' is a malformed {} value".format(s, TYPE_TO_STR[sym.orig_type]))
+        return False
+
+    for low_sym, high_sym, cond in sym.ranges:
+        if expr_value(cond):
+            low_s = low_sym.str_value
+            high_s = high_sym.str_value
+
+            if not int(low_s, base) <= int(s, base) <= int(high_s, base):
+                _error("{} is outside the range {}-{}".format(s, low_s, high_s))
+                return False
+
+            break
+
+    return True
+
+
+def _range_info(sym):
+    # Returns a string with information about the valid range for the symbol
+    # 'sym', or None if 'sym' doesn't have a range
+
+    if sym.orig_type in (INT, HEX):
+        for low, high, cond in sym.ranges:
+            if expr_value(cond):
+                return "Range: {}-{}".format(low.str_value, high.str_value)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _is_num(name):
+    # Heuristic to see if a symbol name looks like a number, for nicer output
+    # when printing expressions. Things like 16 are actually symbol names, only
+    # they get their name as their value when the symbol is undefined.
+
+    try:
+        int(name)
+    except ValueError:
+        if not name.startswith(("0x", "0X")):
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            int(name, 16)
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+    return True
+
+
+def _getch_compat(win):
+    # Uses get_wch() if available (Python 3.3+) and getch() otherwise.
+    #
+    # Also falls back on getch() if get_wch() raises curses.error, to work
+    # around an issue when resizing the terminal on at least macOS Catalina.
+    # See https://github.com/ulfalizer/Kconfiglib/issues/84.
+    #
+    # Also handles a PDCurses resizing quirk.
+
+    try:
+        c = win.get_wch()
+    except (AttributeError, curses.error):
+        c = win.getch()
+        if 0 <= c <= 255:
+            c = chr(c)
+
+    # Decent resizing behavior on PDCurses requires calling resize_term(0, 0)
+    # after receiving KEY_RESIZE, while ncurses (usually) handles terminal
+    # resizing automatically in get(_w)ch() (see the end of the
+    # resizeterm(3NCURSES) man page).
+    #
+    # resize_term(0, 0) reliably fails and does nothing on ncurses, so this
+    # hack gives ncurses/PDCurses compatibility for resizing. I don't know
+    # whether it would cause trouble for other implementations.
+    if c == curses.KEY_RESIZE:
+        try:
+            curses.resize_term(0, 0)
+        except curses.error:
+            pass
+
+    return c
+
+
+def _warn(*args):
+    # Temporarily returns from curses to shell mode and prints a warning to
+    # stderr. The warning would get lost in curses mode.
+    curses.endwin()
+    print("menuconfig warning: ", end="", file=sys.stderr)
+    print(*args, file=sys.stderr)
+    curses.doupdate()
+
+
+# Ignore exceptions from some functions that might fail, e.g. for small
+# windows. They usually do reasonable things anyway.
+
+
+def _safe_curs_set(visibility):
+    try:
+        curses.curs_set(visibility)
+    except curses.error:
+        pass
+
+
+def _safe_addstr(win, *args):
+    # Clip the line to avoid wrapping to the next line, which looks glitchy.
+    # addchstr() would do it for us, but it's not available in the 'curses'
+    # module.
+
+    attr = None
+    if isinstance(args[0], str):
+        y, x = win.getyx()
+        s = args[0]
+        if len(args) == 2:
+            attr = args[1]
+    else:
+        y, x, s = args[:3]
+        if len(args) == 4:
+            attr = args[3]
+
+    maxlen = _width(win) - x
+    s = s.expandtabs()
+
+    try:
+        # The 'curses' module uses wattr_set() internally if you pass 'attr',
+        # overwriting the background style, so setting 'attr' to 0 in the first
+        # case won't do the right thing
+        if attr is None:
+            win.addnstr(y, x, s, maxlen)
+        else:
+            win.addnstr(y, x, s, maxlen, attr)
+    except curses.error:
+        pass
+
+
+def _safe_addch(win, *args):
+    try:
+        win.addch(*args)
+    except curses.error:
+        pass
+
+
+def _safe_hline(win, *args):
+    try:
+        win.hline(*args)
+    except curses.error:
+        pass
+
+
+def _safe_vline(win, *args):
+    try:
+        win.vline(*args)
+    except curses.error:
+        pass
+
+
+def _safe_move(win, *args):
+    try:
+        win.move(*args)
+    except curses.error:
+        pass
+
+
+def _change_c_lc_ctype_to_utf8():
+    # See _CHANGE_C_LC_CTYPE_TO_UTF8
+
+    if _IS_WINDOWS:
+        # Windows rarely has issues here, and the PEP 538 implementation avoids
+        # changing the locale on it. None of the UTF-8 locales below were
+        # supported from some quick testing either. Play it safe.
+        return
+
+    def try_set_locale(loc):
+        try:
+            locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE, loc)
+            return True
+        except locale.Error:
+            return False
+
+    # Is LC_CTYPE set to the C locale?
+    if locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE) == "C":
+        # This list was taken from the PEP 538 implementation in the CPython
+        # code, in Python/pylifecycle.c
+        for loc in "C.UTF-8", "C.utf8", "UTF-8":
+            if try_set_locale(loc):
+                # LC_CTYPE successfully changed
+                return
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    _main()
diff --git a/kconfig-lib/oldconfig.py b/kconfig-lib/oldconfig.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78ed39e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kconfig-lib/oldconfig.py
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2019, Ulf Magnusson
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
+
+"""
+Implements oldconfig functionality.
+
+  1. Loads existing .config
+  2. Prompts for the value of all modifiable symbols/choices that
+     aren't already set in the .config
+  3. Writes an updated .config
+
+The default input/output filename is '.config'. A different filename can be
+passed in the KCONFIG_CONFIG environment variable.
+
+When overwriting a configuration file, the old version is saved to
+<filename>.old (e.g. .config.old).
+
+Entering '?' displays the help text of the symbol/choice, if any.
+
+Unlike 'make oldconfig', this script doesn't print menu titles and comments,
+but gives Kconfig definition locations. Printing menus and comments would be
+pretty easy to add: Look at the parents of each item, and print all menu
+prompts and comments unless they have already been printed (assuming you want
+to skip "irrelevant" menus).
+"""
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import sys
+
+from kconfiglib import Symbol, Choice, BOOL, TRISTATE, HEX, standard_kconfig
+
+
+# Python 2/3 compatibility hack
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    input = raw_input
+
+
+def _main():
+    # Earlier symbols in Kconfig files might depend on later symbols and become
+    # visible if their values change. This flag is set to True if the value of
+    # any symbol changes, in which case we rerun the oldconfig to check for new
+    # visible symbols.
+    global conf_changed
+
+    kconf = standard_kconfig(__doc__)
+    print(kconf.load_config())
+
+    while True:
+        conf_changed = False
+
+        for node in kconf.node_iter():
+            oldconfig(node)
+
+        if not conf_changed:
+            break
+
+    print(kconf.write_config())
+
+
+def oldconfig(node):
+    """
+    Prompts the user for a value if node.item is a visible symbol/choice with
+    no user value.
+    """
+    # See main()
+    global conf_changed
+
+    # Only symbols and choices can be configured
+    if not isinstance(node.item, (Symbol, Choice)):
+        return
+
+    # Skip symbols and choices that aren't visible
+    if not node.item.visibility:
+        return
+
+    # Skip symbols and choices that don't have a prompt (at this location)
+    if not node.prompt:
+        return
+
+    if isinstance(node.item, Symbol):
+        sym = node.item
+
+        # Skip symbols that already have a user value
+        if sym.user_value is not None:
+            return
+
+        # Skip symbols that can only have a single value, due to selects
+        if len(sym.assignable) == 1:
+            return
+
+        # Skip symbols in choices in y mode. We ask once for the entire choice
+        # instead.
+        if sym.choice and sym.choice.tri_value == 2:
+            return
+
+        # Loop until the user enters a valid value or enters a blank string
+        # (for the default value)
+        while True:
+            val = input(
+                "{} ({}) [{}] ".format(
+                    node.prompt[0], _name_and_loc_str(sym), _default_value_str(sym)
+                )
+            )
+
+            if val == "?":
+                _print_help(node)
+                continue
+
+            # Substitute a blank string with the default value the symbol
+            # would get
+            if not val:
+                val = sym.str_value
+
+            # Automatically add a "0x" prefix for hex symbols, like the
+            # menuconfig interface does. This isn't done when loading .config
+            # files, hence why set_value() doesn't do it automatically.
+            if sym.type == HEX and not val.startswith(("0x", "0X")):
+                val = "0x" + val
+
+            old_str_val = sym.str_value
+
+            # Kconfiglib itself will print a warning here if the value
+            # is invalid, so we don't need to bother
+            if sym.set_value(val):
+                # Valid value input. We're done with this node.
+
+                if sym.str_value != old_str_val:
+                    conf_changed = True
+
+                return
+
+    else:
+        choice = node.item
+
+        # Skip choices that already have a visible user selection...
+        if choice.user_selection and choice.user_selection.visibility == 2:
+            # ...unless there are new visible symbols in the choice. (We know
+            # they have y (2) visibility in that case, because m-visible
+            # symbols get demoted to n-visibility in y-mode choices, and the
+            # user-selected symbol had visibility y.)
+            for sym in choice.syms:
+                if sym is not choice.user_selection and sym.visibility and sym.user_value is None:
+                    # New visible symbols in the choice
+                    break
+            else:
+                # No new visible symbols in the choice
+                return
+
+        # Get a list of available selections. The mode of the choice limits
+        # the visibility of the choice value symbols, so this will indirectly
+        # skip choices in n and m mode.
+        options = [sym for sym in choice.syms if sym.visibility == 2]
+
+        if not options:
+            # No y-visible choice value symbols
+            return
+
+        # Loop until the user enters a valid selection or a blank string (for
+        # the default selection)
+        while True:
+            print("{} ({})".format(node.prompt[0], _name_and_loc_str(choice)))
+
+            for i, sym in enumerate(options, 1):
+                print(
+                    "{} {}. {} ({})".format(
+                        ">" if sym is choice.selection else " ",
+                        i,
+                        # Assume people don't define choice symbols with multiple
+                        # prompts. That generates a warning anyway.
+                        sym.nodes[0].prompt[0],
+                        sym.name,
+                    )
+                )
+
+            sel_index = input("choice[1-{}]: ".format(len(options)))
+
+            if sel_index == "?":
+                _print_help(node)
+                continue
+
+            # Pick the default selection if the string is blank
+            if not sel_index:
+                choice.selection.set_value(2)
+                break
+
+            try:
+                sel_index = int(sel_index)
+            except ValueError:
+                print("Bad index", file=sys.stderr)
+                continue
+
+            if not 1 <= sel_index <= len(options):
+                print("Bad index", file=sys.stderr)
+                continue
+
+            # Valid selection
+
+            if options[sel_index - 1].tri_value != 2:
+                conf_changed = True
+
+            options[sel_index - 1].set_value(2)
+            break
+
+        # Give all of the non-selected visible choice symbols the user value n.
+        # This makes it so that the choice is no longer considered new once we
+        # do additional passes, if the reason that it was considered new was
+        # that it had new visible choice symbols.
+        #
+        # Only giving visible choice symbols the user value n means we will
+        # prompt for the choice again if later user selections make more new
+        # choice symbols visible, which is correct.
+        for sym in choice.syms:
+            if sym is not choice.user_selection and sym.visibility:
+                sym.set_value(0)
+
+
+def _name_and_loc_str(sc):
+    # Helper for printing the name of the symbol/choice 'sc' along with the
+    # location(s) in the Kconfig files where it is defined. Unnamed choices
+    # return "choice" instead of the name.
+
+    return "{}, defined at {}".format(
+        sc.name or "choice",
+        ", ".join("{}:{}".format(node.filename, node.linenr) for node in sc.nodes),
+    )
+
+
+def _print_help(node):
+    print("\n" + (node.help or "No help text\n"))
+
+
+def _default_value_str(sym):
+    # Returns the "m/M/y" string in e.g.
+    #
+    #   TRISTATE_SYM prompt (TRISTATE_SYM, defined at Kconfig:9) [n/M/y]:
+    #
+    # For string/int/hex, returns the default value as-is.
+
+    if sym.type in (BOOL, TRISTATE):
+        return "/".join(("NMY" if sym.tri_value == tri else "nmy")[tri] for tri in sym.assignable)
+
+    # string/int/hex
+    return sym.str_value
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    _main()