fix(range): knob is not cut off in item with modern syntax (#28199)

Issue number: resolves #27199

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## What is the current behavior?
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When using the modern range in an item, the knob will get cut off by the
item when the value is at either the min or the max.

## What is the new behavior?
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this PR. -->

- Range knob is no longer cut off by the item

## Does this introduce a breaking change?

- [ ] Yes
- [x] No

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and migration path for existing applications below. -->


## Other information

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screenshots of how the component looks before and after the change. -->


This is an extension of
#27188. I decided to
make a separate branch/PR since I added tests and changed the
implementation a bit. Feel free to take all/some/none of this code.

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Co-authored-by: Sean Perkins <sean-perkins@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: ionitron <hi@ionicframework.com>

Author: 3 people