diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index afe419586..6355f1ac1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ jobs:
       run: meson builddir
     - name: build
       run: ninja -v -C builddir
+    - name: install
+      run: ninja -C builddir install
     - name: test
       run: |
         sudo ifconfig lo0 alias 127.0.0.2 up
         sudo ifconfig lo0 alias 127.0.0.3 up
         sudo ifconfig lo0 alias 127.0.0.4 up
         ninja -v -C builddir test
-    - name: install
-      run: ninja -C builddir install
 
   build-on-linux:
     strategy:
@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ jobs:
         CXX: ${{ matrix.compiler }}
     - name: build
       run: ninja -v -C builddir
-    - name: test
-      run: xvfb-run ninja -v -C builddir test
     - name: install
       run: sudo ninja -C builddir install
+    - name: test
+      run: xvfb-run ninja -v -C builddir test
 
   codecov:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ jobs:
       run: meson -D b_coverage=true builddir
     - name: build
       run: ninja -v -C builddir
-    - name: test
-      run: xvfb-run ninja -v -C builddir test
     - name: install
       run: sudo ninja -C builddir install
+    - name: test
+      run: xvfb-run ninja -v -C builddir test
     - name: lcov
       run: |
         lcov --directory . --capture --output-file coverage.info; # capture coverage info
diff --git a/src/iptux/Application.cpp b/src/iptux/Application.cpp
index 162ae3e08..e5de7f842 100644
--- a/src/iptux/Application.cpp
+++ b/src/iptux/Application.cpp
@@ -58,10 +58,13 @@ Application::Application(shared_ptr<IptuxConfig> config)
   app = gtk_application_new (application_id.c_str(), G_APPLICATION_FLAGS_NONE);
   g_signal_connect_swapped(app, "startup", G_CALLBACK(onStartup), this);
   g_signal_connect_swapped(app, "activate", G_CALLBACK(onActivate), this);
+
+  transModel = transModelNew();
 }
 
 Application::~Application() {
   g_object_unref(app);
+  transModelDelete(transModel);
   delete window;
 }
 
@@ -69,10 +72,19 @@ int Application::run(int argc, char** argv) {
   return g_application_run (G_APPLICATION (app), argc, argv);
 }
 
+void Application::startup() {
+  Application::onStartup(*this);
+}
+
+void Application::activate() {
+  Application::onActivate(*this);
+}
+
 void Application::onStartup(Application& self) {
   self.data = make_shared<UiProgramData>(self.config);
-  g_cthrd = new UiCoreThread(self.data);
-  self.window = new MainWindow(self.app, *g_cthrd);
+  self.cthrd = make_shared<UiCoreThread>(self.data);
+  g_cthrd = self.cthrd.get();
+  self.window = new MainWindow(&self, *g_cthrd);
   g_mwin = self.window;
 
   init_theme();
@@ -84,6 +96,7 @@ void Application::onStartup(Application& self) {
       { "help.report_bug", G_ACTION_CALLBACK(onReportBug), NULL, NULL, NULL, {0,0,0}},
       { "tools.transmission", G_ACTION_CALLBACK(onToolsTransmission), NULL, NULL, NULL, {0,0,0}},
       { "tools.shared_management", G_ACTION_CALLBACK(onToolsSharedManagement), NULL, NULL, NULL, {0,0,0}},
+      { "trans_model_changed" },
   };
 
   g_action_map_add_action_entries (G_ACTION_MAP (self.app),
diff --git a/src/iptux/Application.h b/src/iptux/Application.h
index 94b9c93a1..75f449e25 100644
--- a/src/iptux/Application.h
+++ b/src/iptux/Application.h
@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@
 
 #include "iptux-core/IptuxConfig.h"
 #include "iptux/UiProgramData.h"
-#include "MainWindow.h"
+#include "iptux/UiCoreThread.h"
 #include "ShareFile.h"
 
 namespace iptux {
 
+class MainWindow;
+
 class Application {
  public:
   explicit Application(std::shared_ptr<IptuxConfig> config);
@@ -17,15 +19,26 @@ class Application {
 
   int run(int argc, char** argv);
 
+  GtkApplication* getApp() {return app;}
+  std::shared_ptr<IptuxConfig> getConfig() { return config; }
+  TransModel* getTransModel() { return transModel; }
+
 private:
   std::shared_ptr<IptuxConfig> config;
   std::shared_ptr<UiProgramData> data;
+  std::shared_ptr<UiCoreThread> cthrd;
 
   GtkApplication* app;
   MainWindow* window;
   ShareFile* shareFile;
+  TransModel* transModel;
   bool started {false};
 
+public:
+  // for test
+  void startup();
+  void activate();
+
 private:
   static void onStartup (Application& self);
   static void onActivate (Application& self);
diff --git a/src/iptux/ApplicationTest.cpp b/src/iptux/ApplicationTest.cpp
index 28eea0b5e..3c83a2321 100644
--- a/src/iptux/ApplicationTest.cpp
+++ b/src/iptux/ApplicationTest.cpp
@@ -10,4 +10,6 @@ TEST(Application, Constructor) {
   gtk_init(nullptr, nullptr);
   auto config = newTestIptuxConfig();
   Application app(config);
+  app.startup();
+  app.activate();
 }
diff --git a/src/iptux/MainWindow.cpp b/src/iptux/MainWindow.cpp
index df1653854..91c9133ea 100644
--- a/src/iptux/MainWindow.cpp
+++ b/src/iptux/MainWindow.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ static gchar* palInfo2HintMarkup(const PalInfo *pal);
 /**
  * 类构造函数.
  */
-MainWindow::MainWindow(GtkApplication* app, UiCoreThread& coreThread)
+MainWindow::MainWindow(Application* app, UiCoreThread& coreThread)
     : app(app),
       coreThread(coreThread),
       window(nullptr),
@@ -93,8 +93,7 @@ void MainWindow::CreateWindow() {
   /* 创建主窗口 */
   window = CreateMainWindow();
   g_object_set_data(G_OBJECT(window), "iptux-config", &config);
-  g_object_set_data_full(G_OBJECT(window), "trans-model", transModelNew(),
-                           GDestroyNotify(g_object_unref));
+  g_object_set_data(G_OBJECT(window), "trans-model", app->getTransModel());
 
   gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), CreateAllArea());
   gtk_widget_show_all(window);
@@ -109,12 +108,11 @@ void MainWindow::CreateWindow() {
       { "about", G_ACTION_CALLBACK(onAbout)},
       { "clear_chat_history", G_ACTION_CALLBACK(onClearChatHistory)},
       { "insert_picture", G_ACTION_CALLBACK(onInsertPicture)},
-      { "trans_model_changed"},
   };
 
-  add_accelerator(app, "win.refresh", "F5");
-  add_accelerator(app, "win.detect", "<Primary>D");
-  add_accelerator(app, "win.find", "<Primary>F");
+  add_accelerator(app->getApp(), "win.refresh", "F5");
+  add_accelerator(app->getApp(), "win.detect", "<Primary>D");
+  add_accelerator(app->getApp(), "win.find", "<Primary>F");
 
   g_action_map_add_action_entries (G_ACTION_MAP (window),
                                    win_entries, G_N_ELEMENTS (win_entries),
@@ -414,7 +412,7 @@ void MainWindow::MakeItemBlinking(GroupInfo *grpinf, bool blinking) {
  */
 void MainWindow::OpenTransWindow() {
   if(transWindow == nullptr) {
-    transWindow = GTK_WIDGET(trans_window_new(GTK_WINDOW(window)));
+    transWindow = GTK_WIDGET(trans_window_new(app, GTK_WINDOW(window)));
     gtk_widget_show_all(transWindow);
     gtk_widget_hide(transWindow);
     g_signal_connect_swapped(transWindow, "delete-event", G_CALLBACK(onTransWindowDelete), this);
@@ -448,7 +446,7 @@ void MainWindow::UpdateItemToTransTree(const TransFileModel& para) {
   /* 重设数据 */
   transModelFillFromTransFileModel(model, &iter, para);
   g_action_group_activate_action(
-      G_ACTION_GROUP(window),
+      G_ACTION_GROUP(app->getApp()),
       "trans_model_changed",
       nullptr
   );
@@ -540,7 +538,7 @@ GtkWidget *MainWindow::CreateMainWindow() {
       GDK_HINT_MIN_SIZE | GDK_HINT_MAX_SIZE | GDK_HINT_BASE_SIZE |
       /*GDK_HINT_RESIZE_INC |*/ GDK_HINT_WIN_GRAVITY | GDK_HINT_USER_POS |
       GDK_HINT_USER_SIZE);
-  window = gtk_application_window_new(app);
+  window = gtk_application_window_new(app->getApp());
   gtk_window_set_icon_name(GTK_WINDOW(window), "iptux");
   if(config->GetString("bind_ip").empty()) {
     gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), _("iptux"));
diff --git a/src/iptux/MainWindow.h b/src/iptux/MainWindow.h
index e2dcd3d6e..8069fbb00 100644
--- a/src/iptux/MainWindow.h
+++ b/src/iptux/MainWindow.h
@@ -13,12 +13,14 @@
 #define IPTUX_MAINWINDOW_H
 
 #include "iptux-core/IptuxConfig.h"
+#include "iptux-core/Models.h"
+#include "iptux-core/Event.h"
+
 #include "iptux/UiProgramData.h"
 #include "iptux/WindowConfig.h"
-#include "iptux-core/Models.h"
 #include "iptux/UiModels.h"
-#include "iptux-core/Event.h"
 #include "iptux/UiCoreThread.h"
+#include "iptux/Application.h"
 
 namespace iptux {
 
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ enum class ActiveWindowType {
  */
 class MainWindow {
  public:
-  MainWindow(GtkApplication* app, UiCoreThread& coreThread);
+  MainWindow(Application* app, UiCoreThread& coreThread);
   ~MainWindow();
 
   GtkWidget* getWindow();
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ class MainWindow {
   void processEvent(std::shared_ptr<const Event> event);
 
  private:
-  GtkApplication* app;
+  Application* app;
   UiCoreThread& coreThread;
   GtkWidget* window;
   GtkWidget* transWindow;
diff --git a/src/iptux/TransWindow.cpp b/src/iptux/TransWindow.cpp
index d55badf42..597fc4d9e 100644
--- a/src/iptux/TransWindow.cpp
+++ b/src/iptux/TransWindow.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ namespace iptux {
 
 class TransWindowPrivate {
  public:
+  Application* app;
   GtkWidget* transTreeviewWidget;
 
  public:
@@ -38,18 +39,18 @@ static gboolean UpdateTransUI(GtkWindow *window);
 static TransWindowPrivate& getPriv(TransWindow* window);
 static shared_ptr<IptuxConfig> trans_window_get_config(GtkWindow *pWindow);
 
-TransWindow *trans_window_new(GtkWindow *parent) {
-  g_assert(g_object_get_data(G_OBJECT(parent), "iptux-config") != nullptr);
-  g_assert(g_object_get_data(G_OBJECT(parent), "trans-model") != nullptr);
-  g_assert(g_action_map_lookup_action(G_ACTION_MAP(parent), "trans_model_changed") != nullptr);
-
+TransWindow *trans_window_new(Application* app, GtkWindow *parent) {
+  g_assert(app != nullptr);
   GtkWindow *window;
 
   window = GTK_WINDOW(gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL));
   TransWindowPrivate* priv = new TransWindowPrivate;
+  priv->app = app;
   g_object_set_data_full(G_OBJECT(window), IPTUX_PRIVATE, priv, GDestroyNotify(TransWindowPrivate::destroy));
-  gtk_window_set_transient_for(window, parent);
-  gtk_window_set_destroy_with_parent(window, true);
+  if(parent) {
+    gtk_window_set_transient_for(window, parent);
+    gtk_window_set_destroy_with_parent(window, true);
+  }
 
   auto config = trans_window_get_config(window);
   gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), _("Files Transmission Management"));
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ TransWindow *trans_window_new(GtkWindow *parent) {
   g_signal_connect(window, "delete-event", G_CALLBACK(gtk_widget_hide), NULL);
   g_signal_connect(window, "configure-event", G_CALLBACK(TWinConfigureEvent), NULL);
   g_signal_connect_swapped(
-      g_action_map_lookup_action(G_ACTION_MAP(parent), "trans_model_changed"),
+      g_action_map_lookup_action(G_ACTION_MAP(app->getApp()), "trans_model_changed"),
       "activate",
       G_CALLBACK(UpdateTransUI),
       window
@@ -90,13 +91,11 @@ gboolean TWinConfigureEvent(GtkWindow *window) {
 }
 
 shared_ptr<IptuxConfig> trans_window_get_config(GtkWindow *window) {
-  GtkWindow* parent = gtk_window_get_transient_for(window);
-  return *(static_cast<shared_ptr<IptuxConfig> *>(g_object_get_data(G_OBJECT(parent), "iptux-config")));
+  return getPriv(window).app->getConfig();
 }
 
-GtkTreeModel* trans_window_get_trans_model(GtkWindow* window) {
-  GtkWindow* parent = gtk_window_get_transient_for(window);
-  return GTK_TREE_MODEL(g_object_get_data(G_OBJECT(parent), "trans-model"));
+TransModel* trans_window_get_trans_model(GtkWindow* window) {
+  return getPriv(window).app->getTransModel();
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/iptux/TransWindow.h b/src/iptux/TransWindow.h
index 17cfe5713..1015f33e0 100644
--- a/src/iptux/TransWindow.h
+++ b/src/iptux/TransWindow.h
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 
 #include <gtk/gtk.h>
 
+#include "iptux/Application.h"
+
 namespace iptux {
 
 typedef GtkWindow TransWindow;
-TransWindow* trans_window_new(GtkWindow* parent);
+TransWindow* trans_window_new(Application* app, GtkWindow* parent);
 
 }
 
diff --git a/src/iptux/TransWindowTest.cpp b/src/iptux/TransWindowTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..518aac092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/iptux/TransWindowTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include "iptux/TransWindow.h"
+#include "iptux-core/TestHelper.h"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace iptux;
+
+TEST(TransWindow, Constructor) {
+  gtk_init(nullptr, nullptr);
+  auto config = newTestIptuxConfig();
+  Application app(config);
+  app.startup();
+  app.activate();
+
+  TransWindow* transWindow = trans_window_new(&app, nullptr);
+  gtk_widget_destroy(GTK_WIDGET(transWindow));
+}
diff --git a/src/iptux/UiModels.cpp b/src/iptux/UiModels.cpp
index 734f8fd63..d77079a8b 100644
--- a/src/iptux/UiModels.cpp
+++ b/src/iptux/UiModels.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ TransModel* transModelNew() {
   return GTK_TREE_MODEL(model);
 }
 
+void transModelDelete(TransModel* model) {
+  g_object_unref(model);
+}
+
 void transModelFillFromTransFileModel(TransModel* model, GtkTreeIter* iter, const TransFileModel& para) {
   gtk_list_store_set(
       GTK_LIST_STORE(model), iter,
diff --git a/src/iptux/UiModels.h b/src/iptux/UiModels.h
index 1e0c9a676..81c926ce1 100644
--- a/src/iptux/UiModels.h
+++ b/src/iptux/UiModels.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ enum class TransModelColumn {
 };
 typedef GtkTreeModel TransModel;
 TransModel* transModelNew();
+void transModelDelete(TransModel*);
 void transModelFillFromTransFileModel(TransModel* model, GtkTreeIter* iter, const TransFileModel&);
 
 enum class PalTreeModelSortKey {
diff --git a/src/iptux/meson.build b/src/iptux/meson.build
index 3d6bb1685..24e052ffa 100644
--- a/src/iptux/meson.build
+++ b/src/iptux/meson.build
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ test_sources = files([
     'ApplicationTest.cpp',
     'LogSystemTest.cpp',
     'TestMain.cpp',
+    'TransWindowTest.cpp',
     'UiCoreThreadTest.cpp',
     'UiProgramDataTest.cpp',
 ])