t7529: create test to explore shared-index and sparse-index

The shared-index (aka split-index) and sparse-index features are
incompatible.  Create a set of tests to try to turn on both and see
what happens.  Also include FSMonitor in the mix.

In repo-6: we start with a cone-mode sparse-checkout with sparse-index
and then try to split it. This is correctly detected and reports an
error.

In repo-1..5: we start with a split-index and then try to turn on
sparse-checkout w/ or w/o sparse-index.  This does not fail
immediately, but rather it sets up an inconsistent state such that
later commands start to randomly fail.  I've captured the error
messages and BUG() asserts that I saw.  Sometimes successive test runs
would exit with different errors and I've tried to capture that in the
tests.

Sometimes the error/BUG() came from the FSMonitor code because the
length of the fsmonitor-dirty bitvector was larger than length of the
(now sparse) index.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Hostetler <jeffhostetler@github.com>