diff --git a/.flowconfig b/.flowconfig
index 46e35fd4e..e01587181 100644
--- a/.flowconfig
+++ b/.flowconfig
@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@
 <PROJECT_ROOT>/lib/.*
 <PROJECT_ROOT>/docs/.*
 <PROJECT_ROOT>/reports/.*
+<PROJECT_ROOT>/examples/.*
 [options]
 suppress_type=$FlowFixMe
diff --git a/.github/workflows/node-4+.yml b/.github/workflows/node-4+.yml
index d5c908cab..a21d5c9d3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/node-4+.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/node-4+.yml
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         node-version: ${{ fromJson(needs.matrix.outputs.latest) }}
         eslint:
+          - 9
           - 8
           - 7
           - 6
@@ -32,6 +33,32 @@ jobs:
           - 4
           - 3
         exclude:
+          - node-version: 16
+            eslint: 9
+          - node-version: 15
+            eslint: 9
+          - node-version: 14
+            eslint: 9
+          - node-version: 13
+            eslint: 9
+          - node-version: 12
+            eslint: 9
+          - node-version: 11
+            eslint: 9
+          - node-version: 10
+            eslint: 9
+          - node-version: 9
+            eslint: 9
+          - node-version: 8
+            eslint: 9
+          - node-version: 7
+            eslint: 9
+          - node-version: 6
+            eslint: 9
+          - node-version: 5
+            eslint: 9
+          - node-version: 4
+            eslint: 9
           - node-version: 15
             eslint: 8
           - node-version: 13
@@ -90,7 +117,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
-            fetch-depth: 0
+          fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: ljharb/actions/node/install@main
         name: 'nvm install ${{ matrix.node-version }} && npm install'
         env:
diff --git a/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/assert.js b/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/assert.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78f8d741f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/assert.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import assert from 'assert';
+
+export default assert;
diff --git a/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/fs-promises.js b/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/fs-promises.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0d0215b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/fs-promises.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
+
+export default fs;
diff --git a/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/fs.js b/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/fs.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b9cf6a67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/fs.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import fs from 'fs';
+
+export default fs;
diff --git a/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/path.js b/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/path.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b411d509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/path.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import path from 'path';
+
+export default path;
diff --git a/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/url.js b/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/url.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e851de2b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/url.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import url from 'url';
+
+export default url;
diff --git a/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/util.js b/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/util.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e9ac4b66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/util.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import util from 'util';
+
+export default util;
diff --git a/__tests__/__util__/parserOptionsMapper.js b/__tests__/__util__/parserOptionsMapper.js
index 74db94a78..790e54625 100644
--- a/__tests__/__util__/parserOptionsMapper.js
+++ b/__tests__/__util__/parserOptionsMapper.js
@@ -1,26 +1,53 @@
+import { version as eslintVersion } from 'eslint/package.json';
+import semver from 'semver';
+
+const usingLegacy = semver.major(eslintVersion) < 9;
+
 const defaultParserOptions = {
-  ecmaVersion: 2018,
   ecmaFeatures: {
     experimentalObjectRestSpread: true,
     jsx: true,
   },
 };
 
+const defaultLegacyParserOptions = {
+  ...defaultParserOptions,
+  ecmaVersion: 2018,
+};
+
+const defaultLanguageOptions = {
+  ecmaVersion: 'latest',
+  parserOptions: {
+    ...defaultParserOptions,
+  },
+};
+
 export default function parserOptionsMapper({
   code,
   errors,
   options = [],
-  parserOptions = {},
-  settings,
+  languageOptions = {},
+  settings = {},
 }) {
-  return {
-    code,
-    errors,
-    options,
-    parserOptions: {
-      ...defaultParserOptions,
-      ...parserOptions,
-    },
-    settings,
-  };
+  return usingLegacy
+    ? {
+      code,
+      errors,
+      options,
+      parserOptions: {
+        ...defaultLegacyParserOptions,
+        ...languageOptions,
+      },
+      settings,
+    }
+    : {
+      code,
+      errors,
+      options,
+      languageOptions: {
+        ...defaultLanguageOptions,
+        ...languageOptions,
+      },
+      settings,
+    };
 }
diff --git a/__tests__/src/rules/img-redundant-alt-test.js b/__tests__/src/rules/img-redundant-alt-test.js
index 3bd5fcbbe..73bb14f02 100644
--- a/__tests__/src/rules/img-redundant-alt-test.js
+++ b/__tests__/src/rules/img-redundant-alt-test.js
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ ruleTester.run('img-redundant-alt', rule, {
     { code: '<img alt={imageAlt} />' },
     { code: '<img alt={imageAlt.name} />' },
     semver.satisfies(eslintVersion, '>= 6') ? [
-      { code: '<img alt={imageAlt?.name} />', parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 2020 } },
-      { code: '<img alt="Doing cool things" aria-hidden={foo?.bar}/>', parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 2020 } },
+      { code: '<img alt={imageAlt?.name} />', languageOptions: { ecmaVersion: 2020 } },
+      { code: '<img alt="Doing cool things" aria-hidden={foo?.bar}/>', languageOptions: { ecmaVersion: 2020 } },
     ] : [],
     { code: '<img alt="Photography" />;' },
     { code: '<img alt="ImageMagick" />;' },
diff --git a/__tests__/src/util/parserOptionsMapper-test.js b/__tests__/src/util/parserOptionsMapper-test.js
index d3d1ef9d2..d22b6b647 100644
--- a/__tests__/src/util/parserOptionsMapper-test.js
+++ b/__tests__/src/util/parserOptionsMapper-test.js
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
+import { version as eslintVersion } from 'eslint/package.json';
 import expect from 'expect';
+import semver from 'semver';
 import parserOptionsMapper from '../../__util__/parserOptionsMapper';
 
+const usingLegacy = semver.major(eslintVersion) < 9;
+
 describe('parserOptionsMapper', () => {
   it('should return an test case object', () => {
     const testCase = {
@@ -8,39 +12,77 @@ describe('parserOptionsMapper', () => {
       errors: [],
       options: {},
     };
-    expect(parserOptionsMapper(testCase)).toEqual({
-      code: '<div />',
-      errors: [],
-      options: {},
-      parserOptions: {
-        ecmaVersion: 2018,
-        ecmaFeatures: {
-          experimentalObjectRestSpread: true,
-          jsx: true,
+
+    const expectedResult = usingLegacy
+      ? {
+        code: '<div />',
+        errors: [],
+        options: {},
+        parserOptions: {
+          ecmaVersion: 2018,
+          ecmaFeatures: {
+            experimentalObjectRestSpread: true,
+            jsx: true,
+          },
         },
-      },
-    });
+        settings: {},
+      }
+      : {
+        code: '<div />',
+        errors: [],
+        options: {},
+        languageOptions: {
+          ecmaVersion: 'latest',
+          parserOptions: {
+            ecmaFeatures: {
+              experimentalObjectRestSpread: true,
+              jsx: true,
+            },
+          },
+        },
+        settings: {},
+      };
+    expect(parserOptionsMapper(testCase)).toEqual(expectedResult);
   });
   it('should allow for overriding parserOptions', () => {
     const testCase = {
       code: '<div />',
       errors: [],
       options: {},
-      parserOptions: {
+      languageOptions: {
         ecmaVersion: 5,
       },
     };
-    expect(parserOptionsMapper(testCase)).toEqual({
-      code: '<div />',
-      errors: [],
-      options: {},
-      parserOptions: {
-        ecmaVersion: 5,
-        ecmaFeatures: {
-          experimentalObjectRestSpread: true,
-          jsx: true,
+
+    const expectedResult = usingLegacy
+      ? {
+        code: '<div />',
+        errors: [],
+        options: {},
+        parserOptions: {
+          ecmaVersion: 5,
+          ecmaFeatures: {
+            experimentalObjectRestSpread: true,
+            jsx: true,
+          },
         },
-      },
-    });
+        settings: {},
+      }
+      : {
+        code: '<div />',
+        errors: [],
+        options: {},
+        languageOptions: {
+          ecmaVersion: 5,
+          parserOptions: {
+            ecmaFeatures: {
+              experimentalObjectRestSpread: true,
+              jsx: true,
+            },
+          },
+        },
+        settings: {},
+      };
+    expect(parserOptionsMapper(testCase)).toEqual(expectedResult);
   });
 });
diff --git a/examples/flat-cjs/package.json b/examples/flat-cjs/package.json
index d89c7f081..80a71d9a9 100644
--- a/examples/flat-cjs/package.json
+++ b/examples/flat-cjs/package.json
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
     "react-dom": "^18.2.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@eslint/js": "^9.5.0",
+    "@eslint/js": "^9.9.1",
     "cross-env": "^7.0.3",
-    "eslint": "^8.57.0",
+    "eslint": "^9.9.1",
     "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y": "file:../..",
     "globals": "^15.6.0"
   }
diff --git a/examples/flat-esm/package.json b/examples/flat-esm/package.json
index cf10c8170..484a40a9c 100644
--- a/examples/flat-esm/package.json
+++ b/examples/flat-esm/package.json
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
     "react-dom": "^18.2.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@eslint/js": "^9.5.0",
+    "@eslint/js": "^9.9.1",
     "cross-env": "^7.0.3",
-    "eslint": "^8.57.0",
+    "eslint": "^9.9.1",
     "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y": "file:../..",
     "globals": "^15.6.0"
   }
diff --git a/examples/legacy/package.json b/examples/legacy/package.json
index 35be81484..bbd8b1bc8 100644
--- a/examples/legacy/package.json
+++ b/examples/legacy/package.json
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "cross-env": "^7.0.3",
-    "eslint": "^8.57.0",
+    "eslint": "^9.9.1",
     "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y": "file:../.."
   }
 }
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 24f497068..d4d8aff01 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     "create": "node ./scripts/create-rule",
     "flow": "flow",
     "lint:fix": "npm run lint -- --fix",
-    "lint": "eslint --ext=js,mjs,cjs,ts,tsx .",
+    "lint": "npx eslint@8 --ext=js,mjs,cjs,ts,tsx .",
     "prepublish": "not-in-publish || npm run prepublishOnly",
     "prepublishOnly": "safe-publish-latest && npm run lint && npm run flow && npm run jest",
     "pretest": "npm run lint:fix && npm run flow",
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
     "test-example:legacy": "cd examples/legacy && npm install && npm run lint",
     "test-example:flat-esm": "cd examples/flat-esm && npm install && npm run lint",
     "test-example:flat-cjs": "cd examples/flat-cjs && npm install && npm run lint",
-    "jest": "jest --coverage __tests__/**/*",
+    "jest": "jest --coverage __tests__",
     "pregenerate-list-of-rules": "npm run build",
     "generate-list-of-rules": "eslint-doc-generator --rule-doc-title-format prefix-name --rule-doc-section-options false --config-emoji recommended,☑️ --ignore-config flat/recommended --ignore-config flat/strict",
     "generate-list-of-rules:check": "npm run generate-list-of-rules -- --check",
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@
     "babel-jest": "^24.9.0",
     "babel-plugin-add-module-exports": "^1.0.4",
     "babel-preset-airbnb": "^5.0.0",
-    "eslint": "^3 || ^4 || ^5 || ^6 || ^7 || ^8",
+    "core-js": "^3.38.1",
+    "eslint": "^3 || ^4 || ^5 || ^6 || ^7 || ^8 || ^9",
     "eslint-config-airbnb-base": "^15.0.0",
     "eslint-doc-generator": "^1.7.1",
     "eslint-plugin-eslint-plugin": "^4.3.0",
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@
     "string.prototype.includes": "^2.0.0"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
-    "eslint": "^3 || ^4 || ^5 || ^6 || ^7 || ^8"
+    "eslint": "^3 || ^4 || ^5 || ^6 || ^7 || ^8 || ^9"
   },
   "jest": {
     "coverageReporters": [
@@ -111,7 +112,18 @@
     "testPathIgnorePatterns": [
       "__tests__/__util__/"
     ],
-    "testEnvironment": "node"
+    "testEnvironment": "node",
+    "moduleNameMapper": {
+      "@eslint/config-array": "<rootDir>/node_modules/@eslint/config-array/dist/cjs/index.cjs",
+      "@eslint/object-schema": "<rootDir>/node_modules/@eslint/object-schema/dist/cjs/index.cjs",
+      "node:assert": "<rootDir>/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/assert.js",
+      "node:fs/promises": "<rootDir>/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/fs-promises.js",
+      "node:fs": "<rootDir>/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/fs.js",
+      "node:path": "<rootDir>/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/path.js",
+      "node:url": "<rootDir>/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/url.js",
+      "node:util": "<rootDir>/__tests__/__util__/nodeReexports/util.js"
+    },
+    "setupFilesAfterEnv": ["<rootDir>/setup.jest.js"]
   },
   "auto-changelog": {
     "output": "CHANGELOG.md",
@@ -132,7 +144,8 @@
       "/flow",
       "scripts/",
       "CONTRIBUTING.md",
-      "/examples"
+      "/examples",
+      "setup.jest.js"
     ]
   }
 }
diff --git a/setup.jest.js b/setup.jest.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d906eae00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/setup.jest.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
+import 'core-js/stable/structured-clone';