diff --git a/documentation/src/docs/asciidoc/release-notes/release-notes-5.10.0-M1.adoc b/documentation/src/docs/asciidoc/release-notes/release-notes-5.10.0-M1.adoc
index a20ddfe9b82b..8529843fe89d 100644
--- a/documentation/src/docs/asciidoc/release-notes/release-notes-5.10.0-M1.adoc
+++ b/documentation/src/docs/asciidoc/release-notes/release-notes-5.10.0-M1.adoc
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ default.
   temporary directories. See the
   <<../user-guide/index.adoc#writing-tests-built-in-extensions-TempDirectory, User Guide>>
   for details.
+* Improve error message for non-static `@MethodSource` factory methods
 
 
 [[release-notes-5.10.0-M1-junit-vintage]]
diff --git a/junit-jupiter-params/src/main/java/org/junit/jupiter/params/provider/MethodArgumentsProvider.java b/junit-jupiter-params/src/main/java/org/junit/jupiter/params/provider/MethodArgumentsProvider.java
index 0336401b3886..6815c9cf1b71 100644
--- a/junit-jupiter-params/src/main/java/org/junit/jupiter/params/provider/MethodArgumentsProvider.java
+++ b/junit-jupiter-params/src/main/java/org/junit/jupiter/params/provider/MethodArgumentsProvider.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestFactory;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestTemplate;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
 import org.junit.platform.commons.JUnitException;
@@ -50,12 +51,27 @@ protected Stream<? extends Arguments> provideArguments(ExtensionContext context,
 		// @formatter:off
 		return stream(methodNames)
 				.map(factoryMethodName -> findFactoryMethod(testClass, testMethod, factoryMethodName))
+				.map(factoryMethod -> validateStaticFactoryMethod(context, factoryMethod))
 				.map(factoryMethod -> context.getExecutableInvoker().invoke(factoryMethod, testInstance))
 				.flatMap(CollectionUtils::toStream)
 				.map(MethodArgumentsProvider::toArguments);
 		// @formatter:on
 	}
 
+	private Method validateStaticFactoryMethod(ExtensionContext context, Method factoryMethod) {
+		if (isPerMethodLifecycle(context)) {
+			Preconditions.condition(ReflectionUtils.isStatic(factoryMethod), () -> String.format(
+				"method '%s' must be static unless the test class is annotated with @TestInstance(Lifecycle.PER_CLASS).",
+				factoryMethod.toGenericString()));
+		}
+		return factoryMethod;
+	}
+
+	private boolean isPerMethodLifecycle(ExtensionContext context) {
+		return context.getTestInstanceLifecycle().orElse(
+			TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS) == TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_METHOD;
+	}
+
 	private static Method findFactoryMethod(Class<?> testClass, Method testMethod, String factoryMethodName) {
 		String originalFactoryMethodName = factoryMethodName;
 
diff --git a/junit-jupiter-params/src/test/java/org/junit/jupiter/params/provider/MethodArgumentsProviderTests.java b/junit-jupiter-params/src/test/java/org/junit/jupiter/params/provider/MethodArgumentsProviderTests.java
index 1bd49479bb06..24c144f21c0f 100644
--- a/junit-jupiter-params/src/test/java/org/junit/jupiter/params/provider/MethodArgumentsProviderTests.java
+++ b/junit-jupiter-params/src/test/java/org/junit/jupiter/params/provider/MethodArgumentsProviderTests.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ParameterContext;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ParameterResolver;
@@ -177,7 +178,8 @@ void throwsExceptionWhenNonStaticFactoryMethodIsReferencedAndStaticIsRequired()
 		var exception = assertThrows(PreconditionViolationException.class,
 			() -> provideArguments(NonStaticTestCase.class, null, false, "nonStaticStringStreamProvider").toArray());
 
-		assertThat(exception).hasMessageContaining("Cannot invoke non-static method");
+		assertThat(exception).hasMessageContaining(
+			"must be static unless the test class is annotated with @TestInstance(Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)");
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -713,6 +715,9 @@ public void dummyMethod() {
 		var testInstance = allowNonStaticMethod ? ReflectionUtils.newInstance(testClass) : null;
 		when(extensionContext.getTestInstance()).thenReturn(Optional.ofNullable(testInstance));
 
+		var lifeCycle = allowNonStaticMethod ? TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS : TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_METHOD;
+		when(extensionContext.getTestInstanceLifecycle()).thenReturn(Optional.of(lifeCycle));
+
 		var provider = new MethodArgumentsProvider();
 		provider.accept(methodSource);
 		return provider.provideArguments(extensionContext).map(Arguments::get);