diff --git a/developer/src/kmc-ldml/src/compiler/keymanweb-compiler.ts b/developer/src/kmc-ldml/src/compiler/keymanweb-compiler.ts
index 6869f1441ea..a35739247b4 100644
--- a/developer/src/kmc-ldml/src/compiler/keymanweb-compiler.ts
+++ b/developer/src/kmc-ldml/src/compiler/keymanweb-compiler.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ export class LdmlKeyboardKeymanWebCompiler {
   private readonly options: LdmlCompilerOptions;
   private readonly nl: string;
   private readonly tab: string;
-
   constructor(private callbacks: CompilerCallbacks, options?: LdmlCompilerOptions) {
     this.options = { ...options };
     this.nl = this.options.saveDebug ? "\n" : '';
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ export class LdmlKeyboardKeymanWebCompiler {
 
   public compileVisualKeyboard(source: LDMLKeyboard.LDMLKeyboardXMLSourceFile) {
     const nl = this.nl, tab = this.tab;
-    const vkc = new LdmlKeyboardVisualKeyboardCompiler();
+    const vkc = new LdmlKeyboardVisualKeyboardCompiler(this.callbacks);
     const vk: VisualKeyboard.VisualKeyboard = vkc.compile(source);
 
     let result =
diff --git a/developer/src/kmc-ldml/src/compiler/visual-keyboard-compiler.ts b/developer/src/kmc-ldml/src/compiler/visual-keyboard-compiler.ts
index 2db9da2b539..bbb2d83abf9 100644
--- a/developer/src/kmc-ldml/src/compiler/visual-keyboard-compiler.ts
+++ b/developer/src/kmc-ldml/src/compiler/visual-keyboard-compiler.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
-import { VisualKeyboard, LDMLKeyboard } from "@keymanapp/common-types";
+import { VisualKeyboard, LDMLKeyboard, CompilerCallbacks } from "@keymanapp/common-types";
 import { KeysCompiler } from "./keys.js";
+import { CompilerMessages } from "./messages.js";
 
 export class LdmlKeyboardVisualKeyboardCompiler {
+  public constructor(private callbacks: CompilerCallbacks) {
+  }
+
   public compile(source: LDMLKeyboard.LDMLKeyboardXMLSourceFile): VisualKeyboard.VisualKeyboard {
     let result = new VisualKeyboard.VisualKeyboard();
 
@@ -29,12 +33,16 @@ export class LdmlKeyboardVisualKeyboardCompiler {
     layer: LDMLKeyboard.LKLayer,
     hardware: string,
   ) {
+    const layerId = layer.id;
     if (hardware === 'touch') {
       hardware = 'us'; // TODO-LDML: US Only. Do something different here?
     }
     const keymap = KeysCompiler.getKeymapFromForms(source.keyboard3?.forms?.form, hardware);
     if (!keymap) {
-      throw Error(`Internal error: could not find keymap for form ${hardware}`);
+      this.callbacks.reportMessage(
+        CompilerMessages.Error_InvalidHardware({ formId: hardware })
+      );
+      return;
     }
     const shift = this.translateLayerIdToVisualKeyboardShift(layer.id);
 
@@ -45,20 +53,23 @@ export class LdmlKeyboardVisualKeyboardCompiler {
       const keys = row.keys.split(' ');
       let x = -1;
       for(let key of keys) {
+        const keyId = key;
         x++;
 
         let keydef = source.keyboard3.keys?.key?.find(x => x.id == key);
 
         if (!keydef) {
-          throw Error(`Internal Error: could not find key id="${key}" in layer "${layer.id || '<none>'}", row "${y}"`);
+          this.callbacks.reportMessage(
+            CompilerMessages.Error_KeyNotFoundInKeyBag({ keyId, layer: layerId, row: y, col: x, form: hardware })
+          );
+        } else {
+          vk.keys.push({
+            flags: VisualKeyboard.VisualKeyboardKeyFlags.kvkkUnicode,
+            shift: shift,
+            text: keydef.output, // TODO-LDML: displays
+            vkey: keymap[y][x],
+          });
         }
-
-        vk.keys.push({
-          flags: VisualKeyboard.VisualKeyboardKeyFlags.kvkkUnicode,
-          shift: shift,
-          text: keydef.output, // TODO-LDML: displays
-          vkey: keymap[y][x],
-        });
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/developer/src/kmc-ldml/test/helpers/index.ts b/developer/src/kmc-ldml/test/helpers/index.ts
index c919e729ac0..ea76da94b35 100644
--- a/developer/src/kmc-ldml/test/helpers/index.ts
+++ b/developer/src/kmc-ldml/test/helpers/index.ts
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ export function compileVisualKeyboard(inputFilename: string, options: LdmlCompil
   checkMessages();
   assert.isTrue(valid, 'k.validate should not have failed');
 
-  const vk = (new LdmlKeyboardVisualKeyboardCompiler()).compile(source);
+  const vk = (new LdmlKeyboardVisualKeyboardCompiler(compilerTestCallbacks)).compile(source);
   checkMessages();
   assert.isNotNull(vk, 'LdmlKeyboardVisualKeyboardCompiler.compile should not have returned null');