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+# KEP-582: Preempt Based On Flavor Order
+
+<!--
+This is the title of your KEP. Keep it short, simple, and descriptive. A good
+title can help communicate what the KEP is and should be considered as part of
+any review.
+-->
+
+<!--
+A table of contents is helpful for quickly jumping to sections of a KEP and for
+highlighting any additional information provided beyond the standard KEP
+template.
+
+Ensure the TOC is wrapped with
+  <code>&lt;!-- toc --&rt;&lt;!-- /toc --&rt;</code>
+tags, and then generate with `hack/update-toc.sh`.
+-->
+
+<!-- toc -->
+- [Summary](#summary)
+- [Motivation](#motivation)
+  - [Goals](#goals)
+  - [Non-Goals](#non-goals)
+- [Proposal](#proposal)
+  - [User Stories (Optional)](#user-stories-optional)
+    - [Story 1](#story-1)
+  - [Notes/Constraints/Caveats (Optional)](#notesconstraintscaveats-optional)
+  - [Risks and Mitigations](#risks-and-mitigations)
+- [Design Details](#design-details)
+  - [Cluster Queue API](#cluster-queue-api)
+  - [Behavior Changes](#behavior-changes)
+  - [Implementation](#implementation)
+  - [Test Plan](#test-plan)
+      - [Prerequisite testing updates](#prerequisite-testing-updates)
+    - [Unit Tests](#unit-tests)
+    - [Integration tests](#integration-tests)
+  - [Graduation Criteria](#graduation-criteria)
+- [Implementation History](#implementation-history)
+<!-- /toc -->
+
+## Summary
+
+<!--
+This section is incredibly important for producing high-quality, user-focused
+documentation such as release notes or a development roadmap. It should be
+possible to collect this information before implementation begins, in order to
+avoid requiring implementors to split their attention between writing release
+notes and implementing the feature itself. KEP editors and SIG Docs
+should help to ensure that the tone and content of the `Summary` section is
+useful for a wide audience.
+
+A good summary is probably at least a paragraph in length.
+
+Both in this section and below, follow the guidelines of the [documentation
+style guide]. In particular, wrap lines to a reasonable length, to make it
+easier for reviewers to cite specific portions, and to minimize diff churn on
+updates.
+
+[documentation style guide]: https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/guide/style-guide.md
+-->
+This proposal introduces an opt-in mechanism to borrow quota or preempt workloads in a flavor
+before trying the next flavors in the ClusterQueue.
+
+## Motivation
+
+<!--
+This section is for explicitly listing the motivation, goals, and non-goals of
+this KEP.  Describe why the change is important and the benefits to users. The
+motivation section can optionally provide links to [experience reports] to
+demonstrate the interest in a KEP within the wider Kubernetes community.
+
+[experience reports]: https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/ExperienceReports
+-->
+
+The order of ResourceFlavors within a ClusterQueue represents preference of 
+consumption. Jobs with higher priorities sometimes prefer to consume resources
+in preferred ResourceFlavors.
+
+### Goals
+
+<!--
+List the specific goals of the KEP. What is it trying to achieve? How will we
+know that this has succeeded?
+-->
+- a mechanism to enable high priority jobs preempt low priority jobs using a flavor or borrow before considering the
+  next resource flavor when scheduling
+
+### Non-Goals
+
+- change the behavior to judge whether a podset can get enough resource in certain resource flavor. 
+- change the preemption and admission precess.
+<!--
+What is out of scope for this KEP? Listing non-goals helps to focus discussion
+and make progress.
+-->
+
+## Proposal
+
+<!--
+This is where we get down to the specifics of what the proposal actually is.
+This should have enough detail that reviewers can understand exactly what
+you're proposing, but should not include things like API designs or
+implementation. What is the desired outcome and how do we measure success?.
+The "Design Details" section below is for the real
+nitty-gritty.
+-->
+
+### User Stories (Optional)
+
+<!--
+Detail the things that people will be able to do if this KEP is implemented.
+Include as much detail as possible so that people can understand the "how" of
+the system. The goal here is to make this feel real for users without getting
+bogged down.
+-->
+
+#### Story 1
+
+As a Kueue administrator I want to ensure more important jobs running on more 
+stable resources. This can happen in case that there are normal and spot instances
+in my cluster. In this case I prefer my high priority jobs not running on spot 
+instances. If high priority jobs can preempt jobs in standard instances before trying spot instances,
+stability can be achieved.
+
+My use case can be supported by setting `.Spec.FlavorFungibility.WhenCanPreempt` to `Preempt`  in the ClusterQueue's spec.
+
+### Notes/Constraints/Caveats (Optional)
+
+<!--
+What are the caveats to the proposal?
+What are some important details that didn't come across above?
+Go in to as much detail as necessary here.
+This might be a good place to talk about core concepts and how they relate.
+-->
+
+### Risks and Mitigations
+
+<!--
+What are the risks of this proposal, and how do we mitigate? Think broadly.
+For example, consider both security and how this will impact the larger
+Kubernetes ecosystem.
+
+How will security be reviewed, and by whom?
+
+How will UX be reviewed, and by whom?
+
+Consider including folks who also work outside the SIG or subproject.
+-->
+
+## Design Details
+
+<!--
+This section should contain enough information that the specifics of your
+change are understandable. This may include API specs (though not always
+required) or even code snippets. If there's any ambiguity about HOW your
+proposal will be implemented, this is the place to discuss them.
+-->
+
+### Cluster Queue API
+
+We extend the Cluster Queue API to introduce the new fields: flavorFungibility to opt-in and configure the new behavior.
+
+For each type of resource in each podSet, Kueue will traverse all resource groups and resource flavors to find a available flavor in present. When there are insufficient resources in the flavor, kueue will prioritize preemption or borrowing based on the configured policy. 
+
+```
+const (
+	Borrow FlavorFungibilityPolicy = "Borrow"
+	Preempt  FlavorFungibilityPolicy = "Preempt"
+  TryNextFlavor FlavorFungibilityPolicy = "TryNextFlavor"
+)
+
+type FlavorFungibility struct {
+  // +kubebuilder:validation:Enum="Borrow,TryNextFlavor"
+  WhenCanBorrow FlavorFungibilityPolicy  `json:"whenCanBorrow"`
+  // +kubebuilder:validation:Enum="Preempt,TryNextFlavor"
+  WhenCanPreempt FlavorFungibilityPolicy `json:"whenCanPreempt"`
+}
+
+// ClusterQueueSpec defines the desired state of ClusterQueue
+type ClusterQueueSpec struct {
+	...
+	FlavorFungibility FlavorFungibility `json:"flavorFungibility"`
+}
+```
+
+If flavorFungibility is nil in configuration, we will set the `WhenCanBorrow` to `Borrow` and set `WhenCanPreempt` to `TryNextFlavor` to maintain consistency with the current behavior.
+
+### Behavior Changes
+
+We will not change the behavior to judge whether a podset can get enough resource in certain resource flavor. Preemption and admission will not be influenced also. We only change the order these flavors were considered.
+
+After we try to schedule a podset in a resource flavor, we decide whether to traverse to the next flavor base on the `flavorFungibility`. If the assignment mode is `NoFit`, we will always try the next flavor until the last one. When the assignment mode is `Preempt`, we can return the currenty assignment if `WhenCanPreempt` is `Preempt`. Otherwise if the assignment mode is `Fit`, we try the next flavor only when we need borrowing in the current flavor and `WhenCanBorrow` is `TryNextFlavor`.
+
+We will store the scheduling context in workload info so that we can start from where we stop in previous scheduling attempts. This will be useful to avoid to waste time in one flavor all the time if we try to preempt in a flavor and failed. Scheduling context will contain the `LastScheduledFlavorIdx`, `ClusterQueueGeneration` attached to the CQ and `CohortGeneration`. Any changes to these properties will lead to a scheduling from the first flavor.
+
+`ClusterQueueGeneration` and `CohortGeneration` mark record the resource consumption of the CQs and Cohort. Any time the available resources of the CQs or Cohort increase, we will increase the genreation. So that if the Generation in scheduling context is lower, we should retry from the first flavor. Note that increasing after decreasing of the available resource will also make the generation increased, but I think this is acceptable since we can save the memory by just storing the generation instead of the usage state for each scheduling attempt.
+
+For example, if cluster queue has 2 resource groups and workload has 1 podSet as the following:
+
+```
+...
+  - coveredResources: ["cpu", "memory"]
+    flavors:
+    - name: "default-flavor1"
+      resources:
+      - name: "cpu"
+        nominalQuota: 3 
+      - name: "memory"
+        nominalQuota: 600Mi 
+    - name: "default-flavor2"
+      resources:
+      - name: "cpu"
+        nominalQuota: 3 
+      - name: "memory"
+        nominalQuota: 600Mi 
+  - coveredResources: ["gpu"]
+    flavors:
+    - name: "vendor1"
+      resources:
+      - name: "gpu"
+        nominalQuota: 9  
+    - name: "vendor2"
+      resources:
+      - name: "gpu"
+        nominalQuota: 9  
+---  
+...
+  podSets:
+  - count: 3
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - ...
+        resources:
+          requests:
+            cpu: "1"
+            memory: 200Mi
+            gpu: 1
+```
+
+We will first try `default-flavor1` for cpu and memory resources. If `default-flavor1` doesn't fit, we try preempt in `default-flavor1`. And if we can not find enough candidates in `default-flavor1`, the workload will start from `default-flavor2` in the next time.
+
+### Implementation
+
+```
+func assignFlavors(log logr.Logger, requests []workload.PodSetResources, podSets []kueue.PodSet, resourceFlavors map[kueue.ResourceFlavorReference]*kueue.ResourceFlavor, cq *cache.ClusterQueue, lastAssignment *workload.AssigmentClusterQueueState) Assignment {
+	var assignment Assignment
+	if lastAssignment != nil {
+		assignment = Assignment{
+			TotalBorrow: make(workload.FlavorResourceQuantities),
+			PodSets:     make([]PodSetAssignment, 0, len(requests)),
+			LastState:   *lastAssignment,
+			Usage:       make(workload.FlavorResourceQuantities),
+		}
+	} else {
+		assignment = Assignment{
+			TotalBorrow: make(workload.FlavorResourceQuantities),
+			PodSets:     make([]PodSetAssignment, 0, len(requests)),
+			LastState: workload.AssigmentClusterQueueState{
+				LastAssignedFlavorIdx:  make([]map[corev1.ResourceName]int, 0),
+				CohortGeneration:       0,
+				ClusterQueueGeneration: cq.Generation,
+			},
+			Usage: make(workload.FlavorResourceQuantities),
+		}
+		if cq.Cohort != nil {
+			assignment.LastState.CohortGeneration = cq.Cohort.Generation
+		}
+	}
+  ...
+}
+
+func shouldTryNextFlavor(representativeMode FlavorAssignmentMode, flavorFungibility v1beta1.FlavorFungibility, whetherNeedBorrowing bool) bool {
+	policyPreempt := flavorFungibility.WhenCanPreempt
+	policyBorrow := flavorFungibility.WhenCanBorrow
+	if representativeMode == Preempt && policyPreempt == v1beta1.Preempt {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if representativeMode == Fit && whetherNeedBorrowing && policyBorrow == v1beta1.Borrow {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if representativeMode == Fit && !whetherNeedBorrowing {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+```
+
+### Test Plan
+
+<!--
+**Note:** *Not required until targeted at a release.*
+The goal is to ensure that we don't accept enhancements with inadequate testing.
+
+All code is expected to have adequate tests (eventually with coverage
+expectations). Please adhere to the [Kubernetes testing guidelines][testing-guidelines]
+when drafting this test plan.
+
+[testing-guidelines]: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-testing/testing.md
+-->
+
+[Y] I/we understand the owners of the involved components may require updates to
+existing tests to make this code solid enough prior to committing the changes necessary
+to implement this enhancement.
+
+##### Prerequisite testing updates
+
+<!--
+Based on reviewers feedback describe what additional tests need to be added prior
+implementing this enhancement to ensure the enhancements have also solid foundations.
+-->
+
+#### Unit Tests
+
+<!--
+In principle every added code should have complete unit test coverage, so providing
+the exact set of tests will not bring additional value.
+However, if complete unit test coverage is not possible, explain the reason of it
+together with explanation why this is acceptable.
+-->
+
+<!--
+Additionally, try to enumerate the core package you will be touching
+to implement this enhancement and provide the current unit coverage for those
+in the form of:
+- <package>: <date> - <current test coverage>
+
+This can inform certain test coverage improvements that we want to do before
+extending the production code to implement this enhancement.
+-->
+
+- `pkg/cache`: `2023-8-22` - `82.9%`
+- `pkg/scheduler`: `2023-8-22` - `80.7%`
+- `pkg/webhook`: `2023-8-22` - `71.2%`
+- `pkg/workload`: `2023-8-22` - `54.9%`
+
+#### Integration tests
+
+<!--
+Describe what tests will be added to ensure proper quality of the enhancement.
+
+After the implementation PR is merged, add the names of the tests here.
+-->
+Scenarios that `WhenCanBorrow` is set as `Borrow` and `WhenCanPreempt` is set as `tryNextFlavor` are same with current behavior. So the added integration tests will these cover scenarios:
+
+- `WhenCanBorrow` is set as `tryNextFlavor`,
+- `WhenCanPreempt` is set as `Preempt`.
+
+### Graduation Criteria
+
+<!--
+
+Clearly define what it means for the feature to be implemented and
+considered stable.
+
+If the feature you are introducing has high complexity, consider adding graduation
+milestones with these graduation criteria:
+- [Maturity levels (`alpha`, `beta`, `stable`)][maturity-levels]
+- [Feature gate][feature gate] lifecycle
+- [Deprecation policy][deprecation-policy]
+
+[feature gate]: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/feature-gates.md
+[maturity-levels]: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api_changes.md#alpha-beta-and-stable-versions
+[deprecation-policy]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/using-api/deprecation-policy/
+-->
+
+## Implementation History
+
+<!--
+Major milestones in the lifecycle of a KEP should be tracked in this section.
+Major milestones might include:
+- the `Summary` and `Motivation` sections being merged, signaling SIG acceptance
+- the `Proposal` section being merged, signaling agreement on a proposed design
+- the date implementation started
+- the first Kubernetes release where an initial version of the KEP was available
+- the version of Kubernetes where the KEP graduated to general availability
+- when the KEP was retired or superseded
+-->
diff --git a/keps/582-preempt-based-on-flavor-order/kep.yaml b/keps/582-preempt-based-on-flavor-order/kep.yaml
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@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+title: KEP Template
+kep-number: 582
+authors:
+  - "@kunwuluan"
+status: provisional
+creation-date: 2023-05-17
+reviewers:
+  - "@alculquicondor"
+  - "@tenzen-y"
+approvers:
+
+# The target maturity stage in the current dev cycle for this KEP.
+stage: beta
+
+# The most recent milestone for which work toward delivery of this KEP has been
+# done. This can be the current (upcoming) milestone, if it is being actively
+# worked on.
+latest-milestone: 0.5
+
+# The milestone at which this feature was, or is targeted to be, at each stage.
+milestone:
+  beta: 0.5
+  stable: 
+
+# The following PRR answers are required at alpha release
+# List the feature gate name and the components for which it must be enabled
+feature-gates: FlavorFungibility
+disable-supported: true
+
+# The following PRR answers are required at beta release
+metrics: