diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/allocator.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/allocator.hpp
index 6589387e7e..7bba9fd8cc 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/allocator.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/allocator.hpp
@@ -205,6 +205,16 @@ class allocator
         };
     }
 
+    /// Utility for passing deleted to shared pointer construction.
+    template <typename Type>
+    auto deleter() NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return [arena = arena_](Type* ptr) NOEXCEPT
+        {
+            deleter<Type>(arena)(ptr);
+        };
+    }
+
     /// Other
     /// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -269,6 +279,8 @@ inline bool operator==(const allocator<Left>& left,
     return left == right;
 }
 
+using byte_allocator = allocator<uint8_t>;
+
 } // namespace libbitcoin
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/system/chain/block.hpp b/include/bitcoin/system/chain/block.hpp
index 83cf2a6345..6db8d06e2f 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/system/chain/block.hpp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/system/chain/block.hpp
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class BC_API block
 
     /// Set/get memory allocation.
     void set_allocation(size_t allocation) const NOEXCEPT;
-    const size_t get_allocation() const NOEXCEPT;
+    size_t get_allocation() const NOEXCEPT;
 
     /// Identity.
     /// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/chain/block.cpp b/src/chain/block.cpp
index c2b95f9090..448af5f01a 100644
--- a/src/chain/block.cpp
+++ b/src/chain/block.cpp
@@ -105,9 +105,9 @@ block::block(reader&& source, bool witness) NOEXCEPT
 
 block::block(reader& source, bool witness) NOEXCEPT
   : header_(source.get_allocator().new_object<chain::header>(source),
-        source.get_allocator().deleter<chain::header>(source.get_arena())),
+        source.get_allocator().deleter<chain::header>()),
     txs_(source.get_allocator().new_object<transaction_cptrs>(),
-        source.get_allocator().deleter<transaction_cptrs>(source.get_arena()))
+        source.get_allocator().deleter<transaction_cptrs>())
 {
     assign_data(source, witness);
 }
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ void block::assign_data(reader& source, bool witness) NOEXCEPT
 
     for (size_t tx = 0; tx < count; ++tx)
         txs->emplace_back(allocator.new_object<transaction>(source, witness),
-            allocator.deleter<transaction>(source.get_arena()));
+            allocator.deleter<transaction>());
 
     size_ = serialized_size(*txs_);
     valid_ = source;
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ void block::set_allocation(size_t allocation) const NOEXCEPT
     allocation_ = allocation;
 }
 
-const size_t block::get_allocation() const NOEXCEPT
+size_t block::get_allocation() const NOEXCEPT
 {
     return allocation_;
 }
diff --git a/src/chain/input.cpp b/src/chain/input.cpp
index bc37e64f10..776f86d514 100644
--- a/src/chain/input.cpp
+++ b/src/chain/input.cpp
@@ -177,9 +177,9 @@ input::input(reader&& source) NOEXCEPT
 // Witness is deserialized and assigned by transaction.
 input::input(reader& source) NOEXCEPT
   : point_(source.get_allocator().new_object<chain::point>(source),
-        source.get_allocator().deleter<chain::point>(source.get_arena())),
+        source.get_allocator().deleter<chain::point>()),
     script_(source.get_allocator().new_object<chain::script>(source, true),
-        source.get_allocator().deleter<chain::script>(source.get_arena())),
+        source.get_allocator().deleter<chain::script>()),
     witness_(nullptr),
     sequence_(source.read_4_bytes_little_endian()),
     valid_(source),
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ void input::set_witness(reader& source) NOEXCEPT
     auto& allocator = source.get_allocator();
 
     witness_.reset(allocator.new_object<chain::witness>(source, true),
-        allocator.deleter<chain::witness>(source.get_arena()));
+        allocator.deleter<chain::witness>());
 
     size_.witnessed = ceilinged_add(size_.nominal,
         witness_->serialized_size(true));
diff --git a/src/chain/operation.cpp b/src/chain/operation.cpp
index a3e09530ea..37ed26226b 100644
--- a/src/chain/operation.cpp
+++ b/src/chain/operation.cpp
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ void operation::assign_data(reader& source) NOEXCEPT
 
     // An invalid source.read_bytes_raw returns nullptr.
     allocator.construct<chunk_cptr>(&data_, source.read_bytes_raw(size),
-        allocator.deleter<data_chunk>(source.get_arena()));
+        allocator.deleter<data_chunk>());
 
     underflow_ = !source;
 
diff --git a/src/chain/output.cpp b/src/chain/output.cpp
index 7daefbe995..acc46612b9 100644
--- a/src/chain/output.cpp
+++ b/src/chain/output.cpp
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ output::output(reader&& source) NOEXCEPT
 output::output(reader& source) NOEXCEPT
   : value_(source.read_8_bytes_little_endian()),
     script_(source.get_allocator().new_object<chain::script>(source, true),
-        source.get_allocator().deleter<chain::script>(source.get_arena())),
+        source.get_allocator().deleter<chain::script>()),
     valid_(source),
     size_(serialized_size(*script_, value_))
 {
diff --git a/src/chain/script.cpp b/src/chain/script.cpp
index fdc26e69a8..f552926039 100644
--- a/src/chain/script.cpp
+++ b/src/chain/script.cpp
@@ -270,6 +270,8 @@ void script::assign_data(reader& source, bool prefix) NOEXCEPT
     }
 
     valid_ = source;
+
+    // TODO: possible leak with linear arena allocation.
     offset = ops_.begin();
 }
 
@@ -285,7 +287,7 @@ script script::from_string(const std::string& mnemonic) NOEXCEPT
     if (tokens.front().empty())
         tokens.clear();
 
-    operations ops;
+    operations ops{};
     ops.reserve(tokens.size());
 
     // Create an op list from the split tokens.
diff --git a/src/chain/transaction.cpp b/src/chain/transaction.cpp
index 186805322f..c1ce944b62 100644
--- a/src/chain/transaction.cpp
+++ b/src/chain/transaction.cpp
@@ -159,9 +159,9 @@ transaction::transaction(reader&& source, bool witness) NOEXCEPT
 transaction::transaction(reader& source, bool witness) NOEXCEPT
   : version_(source.read_4_bytes_little_endian()),
     inputs_(source.get_allocator().new_object<input_cptrs>(),
-        source.get_allocator().deleter<input_cptrs>(source.get_arena())),
+        source.get_allocator().deleter<input_cptrs>()),
     outputs_(source.get_allocator().new_object<output_cptrs>(),
-        source.get_allocator().deleter<output_cptrs>(source.get_arena()))
+        source.get_allocator().deleter<output_cptrs>())
 {
     assign_data(source, witness);
 }
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ void transaction::assign_data(reader& source, bool witness) NOEXCEPT
     for (size_t in = 0; in < count; ++in)
         ins->emplace_back(
             allocator.new_object<input>(source),
-            allocator.deleter<input>(source.get_arena()));
+            allocator.deleter<input>());
 
     // Expensive repeated recomputation, so cache segregated state.
     // Detect witness as no inputs (marker) and expected flag (bip144).
@@ -261,14 +261,14 @@ void transaction::assign_data(reader& source, bool witness) NOEXCEPT
         ins->reserve(count);
         for (size_t in = 0; in < count; ++in)
             ins->emplace_back(allocator.new_object<input>(source),
-                allocator.deleter<input>(source.get_arena()));
+                allocator.deleter<input>());
 
         auto outs = to_non_const_raw_ptr(outputs_);
         count = source.read_size(max_block_size);
         outs->reserve(count);
         for (size_t out = 0; out < count; ++out)
             outs->emplace_back(allocator.new_object<output>(source),
-                allocator.deleter<output>(source.get_arena()));
+                allocator.deleter<output>());
 
         // Read or skip witnesses as specified.
         if (witness)
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ void transaction::assign_data(reader& source, bool witness) NOEXCEPT
         outs->reserve(count);
         for (size_t out = 0; out < count; ++out)
             outs->emplace_back(allocator.new_object<output>(source),
-                allocator.deleter<output>(source.get_arena()));
+                allocator.deleter<output>());
     }
 
     locktime_ = source.read_4_bytes_little_endian();
diff --git a/src/chain/witness.cpp b/src/chain/witness.cpp
index 210ddd7113..cfc5e09709 100644
--- a/src/chain/witness.cpp
+++ b/src/chain/witness.cpp
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ void witness::skip(reader& source, bool prefix) NOEXCEPT
 void witness::assign_data(reader& source, bool prefix) NOEXCEPT
 {
     size_ = zero;
-    const auto& allocator = source.get_allocator();
+    auto& allocator = source.get_allocator();
 
     if (prefix)
     {
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ void witness::assign_data(reader& source, bool prefix) NOEXCEPT
         {
             const auto size = source.read_size(max_block_weight);
             stack_.emplace_back(source.read_bytes_raw(size),
-                allocator.deleter<data_chunk>(source.get_arena()));
+                allocator.deleter<data_chunk>());
             size_ = element_size(size_, stack_.back());
         }
     }
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ void witness::assign_data(reader& source, bool prefix) NOEXCEPT
         {
             const auto size = source.read_size(max_block_weight);
             stack_.emplace_back(source.read_bytes_raw(size),
-                allocator.deleter<data_chunk>(source.get_arena()));
+                allocator.deleter<data_chunk>());
             size_ = element_size(size_, stack_.back());
         }
     }
diff --git a/test/stream/streamers/byte_reader.cpp b/test/stream/streamers/byte_reader.cpp
index 98c52523dc..819a94d7a9 100644
--- a/test/stream/streamers/byte_reader.cpp
+++ b/test/stream/streamers/byte_reader.cpp
@@ -1439,7 +1439,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(byte_reader__read_bytes_raw1__end_zero__not_null_valid)
     const auto ptr = reader.read_bytes_raw(0);
     BOOST_REQUIRE(ptr != nullptr);
     BOOST_REQUIRE(reader);
-    allocator<>::deleter<data_chunk>(reader.get_arena())(ptr);
+    reader.get_allocator().deleter<data_chunk>(reader.get_arena())(ptr);
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(byte_reader__read_bytes_raw1__to_end__expected)
@@ -1451,7 +1451,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(byte_reader__read_bytes_raw1__to_end__expected)
     BOOST_REQUIRE(ptr != nullptr);
     BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(*ptr, to_chunk("abc"));
     BOOST_REQUIRE(reader);
-    allocator<>::deleter<data_chunk>(reader.get_arena())(ptr);
+    reader.get_allocator().deleter<data_chunk>()(ptr);
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(byte_reader__read_bytes_raw1__middle__expected)
@@ -1464,7 +1464,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(byte_reader__read_bytes_raw1__middle__expected)
     BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(*ptr, to_chunk("abc"));
     BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(stream.get(), '*');
     BOOST_REQUIRE(reader);
-    allocator<>::deleter<data_chunk>(reader.get_arena())(ptr);
+    reader.get_allocator().deleter<data_chunk>()(ptr);
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(byte_reader__read_bytes_raw1__past_end__nullptr_invalid)