diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 3bedc449c14d8..982f2607180b8 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -2885,7 +2885,6 @@ struct page *follow_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
 #define FOLL_MIGRATION	0x400	/* wait for page to replace migration entry */
 #define FOLL_TRIED	0x800	/* a retry, previous pass started an IO */
 #define FOLL_REMOTE	0x2000	/* we are working on non-current tsk/mm */
-#define FOLL_COW	0x4000	/* internal GUP flag */
 #define FOLL_ANON	0x8000	/* don't do file mappings */
 #define FOLL_LONGTERM	0x10000	/* mapping lifetime is indefinite: see below */
 #define FOLL_SPLIT_PMD	0x20000	/* split huge pmd before returning */
diff --git a/mm/gup.c b/mm/gup.c
index 7328251574307..5abdaf4874605 100644
--- a/mm/gup.c
+++ b/mm/gup.c
@@ -478,14 +478,42 @@ static int follow_pfn_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
 	return -EEXIST;
 }
 
-/*
- * FOLL_FORCE can write to even unwritable pte's, but only
- * after we've gone through a COW cycle and they are dirty.
- */
-static inline bool can_follow_write_pte(pte_t pte, unsigned int flags)
+/* FOLL_FORCE can write to even unwritable PTEs in COW mappings. */
+static inline bool can_follow_write_pte(pte_t pte, struct page *page,
+					struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+					unsigned int flags)
 {
-	return pte_write(pte) ||
-		((flags & FOLL_FORCE) && (flags & FOLL_COW) && pte_dirty(pte));
+	/* If the pte is writable, we can write to the page. */
+	if (pte_write(pte))
+		return true;
+
+	/* Maybe FOLL_FORCE is set to override it? */
+	if (!(flags & FOLL_FORCE))
+		return false;
+
+	/* But FOLL_FORCE has no effect on shared mappings */
+	if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_MAYSHARE | VM_SHARED))
+		return false;
+
+	/* ... or read-only private ones */
+	if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYWRITE))
+		return false;
+
+	/* ... or already writable ones that just need to take a write fault */
+	if (vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * See can_change_pte_writable(): we broke COW and could map the page
+	 * writable if we have an exclusive anonymous page ...
+	 */
+	if (!page || !PageAnon(page) || !PageAnonExclusive(page))
+		return false;
+
+	/* ... and a write-fault isn't required for other reasons. */
+	if (vma_soft_dirty_enabled(vma) && !pte_soft_dirty(pte))
+		return false;
+	return !userfaultfd_pte_wp(vma, pte);
 }
 
 static struct page *follow_page_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
@@ -528,12 +556,19 @@ static struct page *follow_page_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	}
 	if ((flags & FOLL_NUMA) && pte_protnone(pte))
 		goto no_page;
-	if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) && !can_follow_write_pte(pte, flags)) {
-		pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
-		return NULL;
-	}
 
 	page = vm_normal_page(vma, address, pte);
+
+	/*
+	 * We only care about anon pages in can_follow_write_pte() and don't
+	 * have to worry about pte_devmap() because they are never anon.
+	 */
+	if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) &&
+	    !can_follow_write_pte(pte, page, vma, flags)) {
+		page = NULL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
 	if (!page && pte_devmap(pte) && (flags & (FOLL_GET | FOLL_PIN))) {
 		/*
 		 * Only return device mapping pages in the FOLL_GET or FOLL_PIN
@@ -986,17 +1021,6 @@ static int faultin_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		return -EBUSY;
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * The VM_FAULT_WRITE bit tells us that do_wp_page has broken COW when
-	 * necessary, even if maybe_mkwrite decided not to set pte_write. We
-	 * can thus safely do subsequent page lookups as if they were reads.
-	 * But only do so when looping for pte_write is futile: in some cases
-	 * userspace may also be wanting to write to the gotten user page,
-	 * which a read fault here might prevent (a readonly page might get
-	 * reCOWed by userspace write).
-	 */
-	if ((ret & VM_FAULT_WRITE) && !(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE))
-		*flags |= FOLL_COW;
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index 8a7c1b344abef..e9414ee57c5b1 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -1040,12 +1040,6 @@ struct page *follow_devmap_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
 
 	assert_spin_locked(pmd_lockptr(mm, pmd));
 
-	/*
-	 * When we COW a devmap PMD entry, we split it into PTEs, so we should
-	 * not be in this function with `flags & FOLL_COW` set.
-	 */
-	WARN_ONCE(flags & FOLL_COW, "mm: In follow_devmap_pmd with FOLL_COW set");
-
 	/* FOLL_GET and FOLL_PIN are mutually exclusive. */
 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE((flags & (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_GET)) ==
 			 (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_GET)))
@@ -1395,14 +1389,42 @@ vm_fault_t do_huge_pmd_wp_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 	return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
 }
 
-/*
- * FOLL_FORCE can write to even unwritable pmd's, but only
- * after we've gone through a COW cycle and they are dirty.
- */
-static inline bool can_follow_write_pmd(pmd_t pmd, unsigned int flags)
+/* FOLL_FORCE can write to even unwritable PMDs in COW mappings. */
+static inline bool can_follow_write_pmd(pmd_t pmd, struct page *page,
+					struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+					unsigned int flags)
 {
-	return pmd_write(pmd) ||
-	       ((flags & FOLL_FORCE) && (flags & FOLL_COW) && pmd_dirty(pmd));
+	/* If the pmd is writable, we can write to the page. */
+	if (pmd_write(pmd))
+		return true;
+
+	/* Maybe FOLL_FORCE is set to override it? */
+	if (!(flags & FOLL_FORCE))
+		return false;
+
+	/* But FOLL_FORCE has no effect on shared mappings */
+	if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_MAYSHARE | VM_SHARED))
+		return false;
+
+	/* ... or read-only private ones */
+	if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYWRITE))
+		return false;
+
+	/* ... or already writable ones that just need to take a write fault */
+	if (vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * See can_change_pte_writable(): we broke COW and could map the page
+	 * writable if we have an exclusive anonymous page ...
+	 */
+	if (!page || !PageAnon(page) || !PageAnonExclusive(page))
+		return false;
+
+	/* ... and a write-fault isn't required for other reasons. */
+	if (vma_soft_dirty_enabled(vma) && !pmd_soft_dirty(pmd))
+		return false;
+	return !userfaultfd_huge_pmd_wp(vma, pmd);
 }
 
 struct page *follow_trans_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
@@ -1411,12 +1433,16 @@ struct page *follow_trans_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 				   unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
-	struct page *page = NULL;
+	struct page *page;
 
 	assert_spin_locked(pmd_lockptr(mm, pmd));
 
-	if (flags & FOLL_WRITE && !can_follow_write_pmd(*pmd, flags))
-		goto out;
+	page = pmd_page(*pmd);
+	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(page) && !is_zone_device_page(page), page);
+
+	if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) &&
+	    !can_follow_write_pmd(*pmd, page, vma, flags))
+		return NULL;
 
 	/* Avoid dumping huge zero page */
 	if ((flags & FOLL_DUMP) && is_huge_zero_pmd(*pmd))
@@ -1424,10 +1450,7 @@ struct page *follow_trans_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 
 	/* Full NUMA hinting faults to serialise migration in fault paths */
 	if ((flags & FOLL_NUMA) && pmd_protnone(*pmd))
-		goto out;
-
-	page = pmd_page(*pmd);
-	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(page) && !is_zone_device_page(page), page);
+		return NULL;
 
 	if (!pmd_write(*pmd) && gup_must_unshare(flags, page))
 		return ERR_PTR(-EMLINK);
@@ -1444,7 +1467,6 @@ struct page *follow_trans_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	page += (addr & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageCompound(page) && !is_zone_device_page(page), page);
 
-out:
 	return page;
 }