diff --git a/llvm/test/CodeGen/Generic/fp128-math-libcalls.ll b/llvm/test/CodeGen/Generic/fp128-math-libcalls.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ccce4bbd2a327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/CodeGen/Generic/fp128-math-libcalls.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+; Verify that fp128 intrinsics only lower to `long double` calls (e.g. sinl) on
+; platforms where 128 and `long double` have the same layout. Otherwise, lower
+; to f128 versions (e.g. sinf128).
+;
+; Targets include:
+; * aarch64 (long double == f128, should use ld syms)
+; * arm (long double == f64, should use f128 syms)
+; * s390x (long double == f128, should use ld syms, some hardware support)
+; * x86, x64 (80-bit long double, should use ld syms)
+; * gnu (has f128 symbols on all platforms so we can use those)
+; * musl (no f128 symbols available)
+; * Windows and MacOS (no f128 symbols, long double == f64)
+
+; FIXME(#44744): arm32, x86-{32,64} musl targets, MacOS, and Windows don't have
+; f128 long double. They should be passing with CHECK-F128 rather than
+; CHECK-USELD.
+
+; RUN: %if aarch64-registered-target %{ llc < %s -mtriple=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu    | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-USELD %}
+; RUN: %if aarch64-registered-target %{ llc < %s -mtriple=aarch64-unknown-linux-musl   | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-USELD %}
+; RUN: %if aarch64-registered-target %{ llc < %s -mtriple=aarch64-unknown-none         | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-USELD %}
+; RUN: %if aarch64-registered-target %{ llc < %s -mtriple=arm64-apple-macosx           | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-USELD %}
+; RUN: %if arm-registered-target     %{ llc < %s -mtriple=arm-none-eabi                | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-USELD %}
+; RUN: %if arm-registered-target     %{ llc < %s -mtriple=arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi    | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-USELD %}
+; RUN: %if powerpc-registered-target %{ llc < %s -mtriple=powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu    | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-F128  %}
+; RUN: %if powerpc-registered-target %{ llc < %s -mtriple=powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu  | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-F128  %}
+; RUN: %if powerpc-registered-target %{ llc < %s -mtriple=powerpc64-unknown-linux-musl | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-F128  %}
+; RUN: %if riscv-registered-target   %{ llc < %s -mtriple=riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu    | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-USELD %}
+; RUN: %if systemz-registered-target %{ llc < %s -mtriple=s390x-unknown-linux-gnu      | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-S390X %}
+; RUN: %if x86-registered-target     %{ llc < %s -mtriple=i686-unknown-linux-gnu       | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-F128  %}
+; RUN: %if x86-registered-target     %{ llc < %s -mtriple=i686-unknown-linux-musl      | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-USELD %}
+; RUN: %if x86-registered-target     %{ llc < %s -mtriple=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu     | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-F128  %}
+; RUN: %if x86-registered-target     %{ llc < %s -mtriple=x86_64-unknown-linux-musl    | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-USELD %}
+;
+; FIXME(#144006): Windows-MSVC should also be run but has a ldexp selection
+; failure.
+; %if x86-registered-target     %{ llc < %s -mtriple=x86_64-pc-windows-msvc       -verify-machineinstrs | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK-ALL,CHECK-F128  %}
+
+define fp128 @test_acos(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_acos:
+; CHECK-F128:       acosf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      acosl
+; CHECK-S390X:      acosl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.acos.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_asin(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_asin:
+; CHECK-F128:       asinf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      asinl
+; CHECK-S390X:      asinl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.asin.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_atan(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:      test_atan:
+; CHECK-F128:       atanf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      atanl
+; CHECK-S390X:      atanl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.atan.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_ceil(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:      test_ceil:
+; CHECK-F128:       ceilf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      ceill
+; CHECK-S390X:      ceill
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.ceil.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_copysign(fp128 %a, fp128 %b) {
+; copysign should always get lowered to assembly.
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:      test_copysign:
+; CHECK-ALL-NOT:        copysignf128
+; CHECK-ALL-NOT:        copysignl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.copysign.f128(fp128 %a, fp128 %b)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_cos(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_cos:
+; CHECK-F128:       cosf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      cosl
+; CHECK-S390X:      cosl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.cos.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_exp10(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_exp10:
+; CHECK-F128:       exp10f128
+; CHECK-USELD:      exp10l
+; CHECK-S390X:      exp10l
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.exp10.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_exp2(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_exp2:
+; CHECK-F128:       exp2f128
+; CHECK-USELD:      exp2l
+; CHECK-S390X:      exp2l
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.exp2.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+
+define fp128 @test_exp(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_exp:
+; CHECK-F128:       expf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      expl
+; CHECK-S390X:      expl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.exp.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_fabs(fp128 %a) {
+; fabs should always get lowered to assembly.
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_fabs:
+; CHECK-ALL-NOT:    fabsf128
+; CHECK-ALL-NOT:    fabsl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.fabs.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_floor(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_floor:
+; CHECK-F128:       floorf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      floorl
+; CHECK-S390X:      floorl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.floor.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_fma(fp128 %a, fp128 %b, fp128 %c) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_fma:
+; CHECK-F128:       fmaf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      fmal
+; CHECK-S390X:      fmal
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.fma.f128(fp128 %a, fp128 %b, fp128 %c)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define { fp128, i32 } @test_frexp(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_frexp:
+; CHECK-F128:       frexpf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      frexpl
+; CHECK-S390X:      frexpl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call { fp128, i32 } @llvm.frexp.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret { fp128, i32 } %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_ldexp(fp128 %a, i32 %b) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_ldexp:
+; CHECK-F128:       ldexpf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      ldexpl
+; CHECK-S390X:      ldexpl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.ldexp.f128(fp128 %a, i32 %b)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define i64 @test_llrint(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_llrint:
+; CHECK-F128:       llrintf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      llrintl
+; CHECK-S390X:      llrintl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call i64 @llvm.llrint.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret i64 %0
+}
+
+define i64 @test_llround(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_llround:
+; CHECK-F128:       llroundf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      llroundl
+; CHECK-S390X:      llroundl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call i64 @llvm.llround.i64.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret i64 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_log10(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_log10:
+; CHECK-F128:       log10f128
+; CHECK-USELD:      log10l
+; CHECK-S390X:      log10l
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.log10.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_log2(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_log2:
+; CHECK-F128:       log2f128
+; CHECK-USELD:      log2l
+; CHECK-S390X:      log2l
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.log2.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_log(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_log:
+; CHECK-F128:       logf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      logl
+; CHECK-S390X:      logl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.log.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define i64 @test_lrint(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_lrint:
+; CHECK-F128:       lrintf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      lrintl
+; CHECK-S390X:      lrintl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call i64 @llvm.lrint.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret i64 %0
+}
+
+define i64 @test_lround(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_lround:
+; CHECK-F128:       lroundf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      lroundl
+; CHECK-S390X:      lroundl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call i64 @llvm.lround.i64.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret i64 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_nearbyint(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_nearbyint:
+; CHECK-F128:       nearbyintf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      nearbyintl
+; CHECK-S390X:      nearbyintl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.nearbyint.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_pow(fp128 %a, fp128 %b) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_pow:
+; CHECK-F128:       powf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      powl
+; CHECK-S390X:      powl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.pow.f128(fp128 %a, fp128 %b)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_rint(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_rint:
+; CHECK-F128:       rintf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      rintl
+; CHECK-S390X:      fixbr {{%.*}}, 0, {{%.*}}
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.rint.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_roundeven(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_roundeven:
+; CHECK-F128:       roundevenf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      roundevenl
+; CHECK-S390X:      roundevenl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.roundeven.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_round(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_round:
+; CHECK-F128:       roundf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      roundl
+; CHECK-S390X:      roundl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.round.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_sin(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_sin:
+; CHECK-F128:       sinf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      sinl
+; CHECK-S390X:      sinl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.sin.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_sqrt(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_sqrt:
+; CHECK-F128:       sqrtf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      sqrtl
+; CHECK-S390X:      sqxbr {{%.*}}, {{%.*}}
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.sqrt.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_tan(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_tan:
+; CHECK-F128:       tanf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      tanl
+; CHECK-S390X:      tanl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.tan.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}
+
+define fp128 @test_trunc(fp128 %a) {
+; CHECK-ALL-LABEL:  test_trunc:
+; CHECK-F128:       truncf128
+; CHECK-USELD:      truncl
+; CHECK-S390X:      truncl
+start:
+  %0 = tail call fp128 @llvm.trunc.f128(fp128 %a)
+  ret fp128 %0
+}