diff --git a/src/MacVim/MMCoreTextView.m b/src/MacVim/MMCoreTextView.m
index 44794a665c..5b91b1ad51 100644
--- a/src/MacVim/MMCoreTextView.m
+++ b/src/MacVim/MMCoreTextView.m
@@ -1333,6 +1333,15 @@ - (void)changeFont:(id)sender
 
     if (newFont) {
         NSString *name = [newFont fontName];
+
+        // If this is a system monospace font, retrieve the user-friendly
+        // name before we send it to Vim. We don't want to expose the OS-
+        // specific system font name which is confusing to the user.
+        NSString *userMonospaceFontName = [[self vimController] systemFontNamesToAlias][name];
+        if (userMonospaceFontName != nil) {
+            name = userMonospaceFontName;
+        }
+
         unsigned len = (unsigned)[name lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
         if (len > 0) {
             NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData data];
diff --git a/src/MacVim/MMVimController.h b/src/MacVim/MMVimController.h
index 4b16e08253..fc35589118 100644
--- a/src/MacVim/MMVimController.h
+++ b/src/MacVim/MMVimController.h
@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@
     BOOL                hasModifiedBuffer;
 }
 
+/// Mapping from internal names for system monospace font to user-visible one.
+/// E.g. ".AppleSystemUIFontMonospaced-Medium" -> "-monospace-Medium"
+@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSMutableDictionary<NSString*, NSString*>* systemFontNamesToAlias;
+
 - (id)initWithBackend:(id)backend pid:(int)processIdentifier;
 - (void)uninitialize;
 - (unsigned long)vimControllerId;
diff --git a/src/MacVim/MMVimController.m b/src/MacVim/MMVimController.m
index 12fa382f12..2137dedf43 100644
--- a/src/MacVim/MMVimController.m
+++ b/src/MacVim/MMVimController.m
@@ -250,6 +250,8 @@ - (void)dealloc
     [mainMenu release];  mainMenu = nil;
     [creationDate release];  creationDate = nil;
 
+    [_systemFontNamesToAlias release];  _systemFontNamesToAlias = nil;
+
     [super dealloc];
 }
 
@@ -927,6 +929,14 @@ - (void)handleMessage:(int)msgid data:(NSData *)data
                             fontWeight = NSFontWeightBlack;
                     }
                     font = [NSFont monospacedSystemFontOfSize:size weight:fontWeight];
+
+                    // We cache the internal name -> user-facing alias mapping
+                    // to allow fontSizeUp/Down actions to be able to retain
+                    // the user-facing font name in 'guifont'.
+                    if (_systemFontNamesToAlias == nil) {
+                        _systemFontNamesToAlias = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:9];
+                    }
+                    _systemFontNamesToAlias[font.fontName] = name;
                 }
                 else
 #endif
diff --git a/src/MacVim/MMWindowController.m b/src/MacVim/MMWindowController.m
index a583aa395f..727e35e7d4 100644
--- a/src/MacVim/MMWindowController.m
+++ b/src/MacVim/MMWindowController.m
@@ -1239,12 +1239,14 @@ - (IBAction)vimTouchbarItemAction:(id)sender
 
 - (IBAction)fontSizeUp:(id)sender
 {
+    // This creates a new font and triggers text view's changeFont: callback
     [[NSFontManager sharedFontManager] modifyFont:
             [NSNumber numberWithInt:NSSizeUpFontAction]];
 }
 
 - (IBAction)fontSizeDown:(id)sender
 {
+    // This creates a new font and triggers text view's changeFont: callback
     [[NSFontManager sharedFontManager] modifyFont:
             [NSNumber numberWithInt:NSSizeDownFontAction]];
 }
diff --git a/src/MacVim/MacVim.h b/src/MacVim/MacVim.h
index aa12b8c575..6bcb61057d 100644
--- a/src/MacVim/MacVim.h
+++ b/src/MacVim/MacVim.h
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ enum {
 
 extern NSString *VimFindPboardType;
 
-// Alias for system monospace font name
+/// Alias for system monospace font name
 extern NSString *MMSystemFontAlias;
 
 
diff --git a/src/MacVim/MacVimTests/MacVimTests.m b/src/MacVim/MacVimTests/MacVimTests.m
index e90ad3bd91..4e632ad5e9 100644
--- a/src/MacVim/MacVimTests/MacVimTests.m
+++ b/src/MacVim/MacVimTests/MacVimTests.m
@@ -536,10 +536,12 @@ - (void) testGuifontSystemMonospace {
     [[[app keyVimController] windowController] fontSizeUp:nil];
     [self waitForEventHandlingAndVimProcess];
     XCTAssertEqualObjects([textView font], [NSFont monospacedSystemFontOfSize:13 weight:NSFontWeightHeavy]);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects([[app keyVimController] evaluateVimExpression:@"&guifont"], @"-monospace-Heavy:h13");
 
     [[[app keyVimController] windowController] fontSizeDown:nil];
     [self waitForEventHandlingAndVimProcess];
     XCTAssertEqualObjects([textView font], [NSFont monospacedSystemFontOfSize:12 weight:NSFontWeightHeavy]);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects([[app keyVimController] evaluateVimExpression:@"&guifont"], @"-monospace-Heavy:h12");
 }
 
 /// Test that dark mode settings work and the corresponding Vim bindings are functional.