diff --git a/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/BuildScope.java b/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/BuildScope.java
index 17a78f4c..d0ac02c6 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/BuildScope.java
+++ b/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/BuildScope.java
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
  */
 package eu.maveniverse.maven.toolbox.shared;
 
+import java.util.Set;
+
 /**
  * Build scope is certain combination of {@link ProjectPath} and {@link BuildPath}.
  */
@@ -17,12 +19,12 @@ public interface BuildScope {
     String getId();
 
     /**
-     * The project path this scope belongs to.
+     * The project paths this scope belongs to.
      */
-    ProjectPath getProjectPath();
+    Set<ProjectPath> getProjectPaths();
 
     /**
-     * The build path this scope belongs to.
+     * The build paths this scope belongs to.
      */
-    BuildPath getBuildPath();
+    Set<BuildPath> getBuildPaths();
 }
diff --git a/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/BuildScopeMatrix.java b/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/BuildScopeMatrix.java
index 65a7e3f2..2c64515a 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/BuildScopeMatrix.java
+++ b/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/BuildScopeMatrix.java
@@ -20,14 +20,13 @@ public final class BuildScopeMatrix {
     private final Set<BuildPath> buildPaths;
     private final Map<String, BuildScope> buildScopes;
 
-    public BuildScopeMatrix(Collection<ProjectPath> projectPaths, Collection<BuildPath> buildPaths) {
+    public BuildScopeMatrix(
+            Collection<ProjectPath> projectPaths, Collection<BuildPath> buildPaths, BuildScope... extras) {
         requireNonNull(projectPaths, "projectPath");
         requireNonNull(buildPaths, "buildPaths");
         if (projectPaths.isEmpty() || buildPaths.isEmpty()) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("empty matrix");
         }
-        this.projectPaths = Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(projectPaths));
-        this.buildPaths = Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(buildPaths));
         HashMap<String, BuildScope> buildScopes = new HashMap<>();
         for (ProjectPath projectPath : projectPaths) {
             for (BuildPath buildPath : buildPaths) {
@@ -39,18 +38,31 @@ public String getId() {
                     }
 
                     @Override
-                    public ProjectPath getProjectPath() {
-                        return projectPath;
+                    public Set<ProjectPath> getProjectPaths() {
+                        return Collections.singleton(projectPath);
                     }
 
                     @Override
-                    public BuildPath getBuildPath() {
-                        return buildPath;
+                    public Set<BuildPath> getBuildPaths() {
+                        return Collections.singleton(buildPath);
                     }
                 });
             }
         }
+        for (BuildScope extra : extras) {
+            buildScopes.put(extra.getId(), extra);
+        }
         this.buildScopes = Collections.unmodifiableMap(buildScopes);
+
+        // now collect all paths
+        HashSet<ProjectPath> pp = new HashSet<>(projectPaths);
+        HashSet<BuildPath> bp = new HashSet<>(buildPaths);
+        buildScopes.values().forEach(s -> {
+            pp.addAll(s.getProjectPaths());
+            bp.addAll(s.getBuildPaths());
+        });
+        this.projectPaths = Collections.unmodifiableSet(pp);
+        this.buildPaths = Collections.unmodifiableSet(bp);
     }
 
     private String createId(ProjectPath projectPath, BuildPath buildPath) {
@@ -71,12 +83,12 @@ public Collection<BuildPath> allBuildPaths() {
 
     public Collection<BuildScope> byProjectPath(ProjectPath projectPath) {
         return all().stream()
-                .filter(s -> s.getProjectPath().equals(projectPath))
+                .filter(s -> s.getProjectPaths().contains(projectPath))
                 .collect(Collectors.toSet());
     }
 
     public Collection<BuildScope> byBuildPath(BuildPath buildPath) {
-        return all().stream().filter(s -> s.getBuildPath().equals(buildPath)).collect(Collectors.toSet());
+        return all().stream().filter(s -> s.getBuildPaths().contains(buildPath)).collect(Collectors.toSet());
     }
 
     public Collection<BuildScope> singleton(ProjectPath projectPath, BuildPath buildPath) {
@@ -87,12 +99,13 @@ public Collection<BuildScope> singleton(ProjectPath projectPath, BuildPath build
         return Collections.singleton(result);
     }
 
-    public Collection<BuildScope> singletonById(String id) {
-        BuildScope result = buildScopes.get(id);
-        if (result == null) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("no such build scope");
-        }
-        return Collections.singleton(result);
+    public Collection<BuildScope> select(ProjectPath projectPath, BuildPath buildPath) {
+        HashSet<BuildScope> result = new HashSet<>();
+        buildScopes.values().stream()
+                .filter(s -> s.getProjectPaths().contains(projectPath)
+                        && s.getBuildPaths().contains(buildPath))
+                .forEach(result::add);
+        return result;
     }
 
     public Collection<BuildScope> union(Collection<BuildScope> bs1, Collection<BuildScope> bs2) {
diff --git a/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/CommonBuilds.java b/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/CommonBuilds.java
index f4d09e45..485f0e0b 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/CommonBuilds.java
+++ b/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/CommonBuilds.java
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@
  */
 package eu.maveniverse.maven.toolbox.shared;
 
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
 /**
  * Set of constants meant to be used in "common builds".
  */
@@ -72,4 +77,21 @@ public int order() {
             return 2;
         }
     };
+
+    public static final BuildScope MAVEN_TEST_BUILD_SCOPE = new BuildScope() {
+        @Override
+        public String getId() {
+            return "test";
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Set<ProjectPath> getProjectPaths() {
+            return Collections.singleton(PROJECT_PATH_TEST);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Set<BuildPath> getBuildPaths() {
+            return new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(BUILD_PATH_COMPILE, BUILD_PATH_RUNTIME));
+        }
+    };
 }
diff --git a/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/java/JavaLanguage.java b/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/java/JavaLanguage.java
index 2ff215ba..74443e5a 100644
--- a/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/java/JavaLanguage.java
+++ b/shared/src/main/java/eu/maveniverse/maven/toolbox/shared/java/JavaLanguage.java
@@ -37,22 +37,32 @@ public enum MavenLevel {
                 true,
                 false,
                 new BuildScopeMatrix(
-                        Arrays.asList(CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_MAIN, CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_TEST),
-                        Arrays.asList(CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_COMPILE, CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_RUNTIME))),
+                        Collections.singletonList(CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_MAIN),
+                        Arrays.asList(CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_COMPILE, CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_RUNTIME),
+                        CommonBuilds.MAVEN_TEST_BUILD_SCOPE)),
         Maven3(
                 true,
                 false,
                 true,
                 false,
                 new BuildScopeMatrix(
-                        Arrays.asList(CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_MAIN, CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_TEST),
-                        Arrays.asList(CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_COMPILE, CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_RUNTIME))),
-        Maven4(
+                        Collections.singletonList(CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_MAIN),
+                        Arrays.asList(CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_COMPILE, CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_RUNTIME),
+                        CommonBuilds.MAVEN_TEST_BUILD_SCOPE)),
+        Maven4WithoutSystem(
                 false,
                 false,
                 false,
                 true,
                 new BuildScopeMatrix(
+                        Arrays.asList(CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_MAIN, CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_TEST),
+                        Arrays.asList(CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_COMPILE, CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_RUNTIME))),
+        Maven4WithSystem(
+                true,
+                        false,
+                        false,
+                        true,
+                        new BuildScopeMatrix(
                         Arrays.asList(CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_MAIN, CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_TEST),
                         Arrays.asList(CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_COMPILE, CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_RUNTIME)));
 
@@ -146,7 +156,7 @@ private Map<String, JavaDependencyScope> buildDependencyScopes() {
                         false,
                         buildScopeMatrix.union(
                                 buildScopeMatrix.byBuildPath(CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_COMPILE),
-                                buildScopeMatrix.singleton(
+                                buildScopeMatrix.select(
                                         CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_TEST, CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_RUNTIME))));
         result.put(
                 DS_TEST,
@@ -262,7 +272,7 @@ private Map<String, JavaResolutionScope> buildResolutionScopes() {
                         RS_TEST_COMPILE,
                         this,
                         ResolutionScope.Mode.ELIMINATE,
-                        buildScopeMatrix.singleton(CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_TEST, CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_COMPILE),
+                        buildScopeMatrix.select(CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_TEST, CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_COMPILE),
                         Collections.singletonList(dependencyScopes.get(DS_SYSTEM)),
                         nonTransitiveScopes));
         result.put(
@@ -271,7 +281,7 @@ private Map<String, JavaResolutionScope> buildResolutionScopes() {
                         RS_TEST_RUNTIME,
                         this,
                         ResolutionScope.Mode.ELIMINATE,
-                        buildScopeMatrix.singleton(CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_TEST, CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_RUNTIME),
+                        buildScopeMatrix.select(CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_TEST, CommonBuilds.BUILD_PATH_RUNTIME),
                         Collections.singletonList(dependencyScopes.get(DS_SYSTEM)),
                         nonTransitiveScopes));
         return result;
@@ -337,7 +347,8 @@ private Optional<BuildScope> getMainProjectBuildScope(JavaDependencyScope javaDe
                     .sorted(Comparator.comparing(BuildPath::order))
                     .collect(Collectors.toList())) {
                 for (BuildScope buildScope : javaDependencyScope.getPresence()) {
-                    if (buildScope.getProjectPath() == projectPath && buildScope.getBuildPath() == buildPath) {
+                    if (buildScope.getProjectPaths().contains(projectPath)
+                            && buildScope.getBuildPaths().contains(buildPath)) {
                         return Optional.of(buildScope);
                     }
                 }
@@ -418,8 +429,8 @@ private static int calculateWidth(JavaDependencyScope dependencyScope) {
         HashSet<ProjectPath> projectPaths = new HashSet<>();
         HashSet<BuildPath> buildPaths = new HashSet<>();
         dependencyScope.getPresence().forEach(s -> {
-            projectPaths.add(s.getProjectPath());
-            buildPaths.add(s.getBuildPath());
+            projectPaths.addAll(s.getProjectPaths());
+            buildPaths.addAll(s.getBuildPaths());
         });
         int result = 0;
         if (dependencyScope.isTransitive()) {
@@ -540,8 +551,9 @@ private JavaResolutionScope(
             this.mode = requireNonNull(mode, "mode");
             this.wantedPresence = Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(wantedPresence));
             Set<JavaDependencyScope> included = collectScopes(wantedPresence);
-            if (explicitlyIncluded != null) {
-                included.addAll(explicitlyIncluded);
+            // here we may have null elements, based on existence of system scope
+            if (explicitlyIncluded != null && !explicitlyIncluded.isEmpty()) {
+                explicitlyIncluded.stream().filter(Objects::nonNull).forEach(included::add);
             }
             this.directlyIncluded = Collections.unmodifiableSet(included);
             this.transitivelyExcluded = Collections.unmodifiableSet(
@@ -638,7 +650,7 @@ private void dumpDependencyScopes() {
                     System.out.println("  Presence: "
                             + s.getPresence().stream().map(BuildScope::getId).collect(Collectors.toSet()));
                     System.out.println("  Main project scope: "
-                            + s.getMainProjectBuildScope().get().getId());
+                            + s.getMainProjectBuildScope().map(BuildScope::getId).orElse("null"));
                 });
     }