diff --git a/implementations/micrometer-registry-otlp/build.gradle b/implementations/micrometer-registry-otlp/build.gradle
index 4d7bc0e06a..89843fed4b 100644
--- a/implementations/micrometer-registry-otlp/build.gradle
+++ b/implementations/micrometer-registry-otlp/build.gradle
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ dependencies {
     testImplementation 'io.rest-assured:rest-assured'
     testImplementation 'org.testcontainers:junit-jupiter'
     testImplementation 'org.awaitility:awaitility'
+	testImplementation libs.mockitoCore5
 }
 
 dockerTest {
diff --git a/implementations/micrometer-registry-otlp/src/main/java/io/micrometer/registry/otlp/OtlpMeterRegistry.java b/implementations/micrometer-registry-otlp/src/main/java/io/micrometer/registry/otlp/OtlpMeterRegistry.java
index 3427ff2b31..6e58f37bd1 100644
--- a/implementations/micrometer-registry-otlp/src/main/java/io/micrometer/registry/otlp/OtlpMeterRegistry.java
+++ b/implementations/micrometer-registry-otlp/src/main/java/io/micrometer/registry/otlp/OtlpMeterRegistry.java
@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ public class OtlpMeterRegistry extends PushMeterRegistry {
 
     private final TimeUnit baseTimeUnit;
 
+    private final String userAgentHeader;
+
     // Time when the last scheduled rollOver has started. Applicable only for delta
     // flavour.
     private volatile long lastMeterRolloverStartTime = -1;
@@ -117,15 +119,17 @@ public OtlpMeterRegistry(OtlpConfig config, Clock clock, ThreadFactory threadFac
         this(config, clock, threadFactory, new HttpUrlConnectionSender());
     }
 
+    // VisibleForTesting
     // not public until we decide what we want to expose in public API
     // HttpSender may not be a good idea if we will support a non-HTTP transport
-    private OtlpMeterRegistry(OtlpConfig config, Clock clock, ThreadFactory threadFactory, HttpSender httpSender) {
+    OtlpMeterRegistry(OtlpConfig config, Clock clock, ThreadFactory threadFactory, HttpSender httpSender) {
         super(config, clock);
         this.config = config;
         this.baseTimeUnit = config.baseTimeUnit();
         this.httpSender = httpSender;
         this.resource = Resource.newBuilder().addAllAttributes(getResourceAttributes()).build();
         this.aggregationTemporality = config.aggregationTemporality();
+        this.userAgentHeader = getUserAgentHeader();
         config().namingConvention(NamingConvention.dot);
         start(threadFactory);
     }
@@ -175,6 +179,7 @@ protected void publish() {
                         .build())
                     .build();
                 HttpSender.Request.Builder httpRequest = this.httpSender.post(this.config.url())
+                    .withHeader("User-Agent", this.userAgentHeader)
                     .withContent("application/x-protobuf", request.toByteArray());
                 this.config.headers().forEach(httpRequest::withHeader);
                 HttpSender.Response response = httpRequest.send();
@@ -487,4 +492,11 @@ static double[] getSloWithPositiveInf(DistributionStatisticConfig distributionSt
         return sloWithPositiveInf;
     }
 
+    private String getUserAgentHeader() {
+        if (this.getClass().getPackage().getImplementationVersion() == null) {
+            return "Micrometer-OTLP-Exporter-Java";
+        }
+        return "Micrometer-OTLP-Exporter-Java/" + this.getClass().getPackage().getImplementationVersion();
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/implementations/micrometer-registry-otlp/src/test/java/io/micrometer/registry/otlp/OtlpMeterRegistryTest.java b/implementations/micrometer-registry-otlp/src/test/java/io/micrometer/registry/otlp/OtlpMeterRegistryTest.java
index e86e67d6c2..9d033f7ed8 100644
--- a/implementations/micrometer-registry-otlp/src/test/java/io/micrometer/registry/otlp/OtlpMeterRegistryTest.java
+++ b/implementations/micrometer-registry-otlp/src/test/java/io/micrometer/registry/otlp/OtlpMeterRegistryTest.java
@@ -15,14 +15,17 @@
  */
 package io.micrometer.registry.otlp;
 
-import io.micrometer.core.instrument.*;
+import io.micrometer.core.Issue;
 import io.micrometer.core.instrument.Timer;
+import io.micrometer.core.instrument.*;
 import io.micrometer.core.instrument.distribution.DistributionStatisticConfig;
-import io.micrometer.core.instrument.Timer;
+import io.micrometer.core.instrument.util.NamedThreadFactory;
+import io.micrometer.core.ipc.http.HttpSender;
 import io.opentelemetry.proto.metrics.v1.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint;
 import io.opentelemetry.proto.metrics.v1.HistogramDataPoint;
 import io.opentelemetry.proto.metrics.v1.Metric;
 import io.opentelemetry.proto.metrics.v1.NumberDataPoint;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -31,6 +34,8 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.assertArg;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
 import static uk.org.webcompere.systemstubs.SystemStubs.withEnvironmentVariables;
 
 /**
@@ -47,16 +52,27 @@ abstract class OtlpMeterRegistryTest {
 
     protected static final Tag meterTag = Tag.of("key", "value");
 
-    protected MockClock clock = new MockClock();
+    protected MockClock clock;
 
-    OtlpMeterRegistry registry = new OtlpMeterRegistry(otlpConfig(), clock);
+    private HttpSender mockHttpSender;
 
-    OtlpMeterRegistry registryWithExponentialHistogram = new OtlpMeterRegistry(exponentialHistogramOtlpConfig(), clock);
+    OtlpMeterRegistry registry;
+
+    OtlpMeterRegistry registryWithExponentialHistogram;
 
     abstract OtlpConfig otlpConfig();
 
     abstract OtlpConfig exponentialHistogramOtlpConfig();
 
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        this.clock = new MockClock();
+        this.mockHttpSender = mock(HttpSender.class);
+        this.registry = new OtlpMeterRegistry(otlpConfig(), this.clock,
+                new NamedThreadFactory("otlp-metrics-publisher"), this.mockHttpSender);
+        this.registryWithExponentialHistogram = new OtlpMeterRegistry(exponentialHistogramOtlpConfig(), clock);
+    }
+
     // If the service.name was not specified, SDKs MUST fallback to 'unknown_service'
     @Test
     void unknownServiceByDefault() {
@@ -129,6 +145,23 @@ void timeGauge() {
                     + "    time_unix_nano: 1000000\n" + "    as_double: 0.024\n" + "  }\n" + "}\n");
     }
 
+    @Issue("#5577")
+    @Test
+    void httpHeaders() throws Throwable {
+        HttpSender.Request.Builder builder = HttpSender.Request.build(otlpConfig().url(), this.mockHttpSender);
+        when(mockHttpSender.post(otlpConfig().url())).thenReturn(builder);
+
+        when(mockHttpSender.send(isA(HttpSender.Request.class))).thenReturn(new HttpSender.Response(200, ""));
+
+        writeToMetric(TimeGauge.builder("gauge.time", this, TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS, o -> 24).register(registry));
+        registry.publish();
+
+        verify(this.mockHttpSender).send(assertArg(request -> {
+            assertThat(request.getRequestHeaders().get("User-Agent")).startsWith("Micrometer-OTLP-Exporter-Java");
+            assertThat(request.getRequestHeaders()).containsEntry("Content-Type", "application/x-protobuf");
+        }));
+    }
+
     @Test
     void distributionWithPercentileShouldWriteSummary() {
         Timer.Builder timer = Timer.builder("timer")