diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 5a668a8dd1bc..82552ea9c273 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -5,14 +5,6 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](http://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/)
 and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
-## [3.0.3]
-
-[3.0.3]: https://github.com/microsoft/CCF/releases/tag/ccf-3.0.3
-
-### Fixed
-
-- Node-to-node channels no longer check certificate expiry times. This previously caused "Peer certificate verification failed" error messages when node or service certs expired. (#4733)
-
 ## [3.0.2]
 
 [3.0.2]: https://github.com/microsoft/CCF/releases/tag/ccf-3.0.2
@@ -26,6 +18,11 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.
 - Access to restricted KV tables (eg - private or non-governance reads during governance, or governance writes during application execution) produce more descriptive errors. The documentation has been extended to describe these restrictions. (#4686)
 - `TCP_NODELAY` is now set for all incoming and outgoing TCP connections (#4717).
 
+### Fixed
+
+- Node-to-node channels no longer check certificate expiry times. This previously caused "Peer certificate verification failed" error messages when node or service certs expired. (#4733)
+- Fixed issue where invalid snapshots could be generated depending on the pattern of additions/removals of keys in a given key-value map (#4730).
+
 ## [3.0.1]
 
 [3.0.1]: https://github.com/microsoft/CCF/releases/tag/ccf-3.0.1
diff --git a/include/ccf/ds/logger.h b/include/ccf/ds/logger.h
index 643a93ddff62..e68166ea2f59 100644
--- a/include/ccf/ds/logger.h
+++ b/include/ccf/ds/logger.h
@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@ namespace logger
 
     static inline void default_init()
     {
+      get_loggers().clear();
       add_text_console_logger();
     }
 #endif
diff --git a/src/ds/champ_map.h b/src/ds/champ_map.h
index ae086aba09b3..0334b8b4f450 100644
--- a/src/ds/champ_map.h
+++ b/src/ds/champ_map.h
@@ -126,8 +126,10 @@ namespace champ
         const auto& entry = bin[i];
         if (k == entry->key)
         {
+          const auto diff = map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(entry->key) +
+            map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(entry->value);
           bin[i] = std::make_shared<Entry<K, V>>(k, v);
-          return map::get_size(k) + map::get_size(v);
+          return diff;
         }
       }
       bin.push_back(std::make_shared<Entry<K, V>>(k, v));
@@ -143,8 +145,8 @@ namespace champ
         const auto& entry = bin[i];
         if (k == entry->key)
         {
-          const auto diff =
-            map::get_size(entry->key) + map::get_size(entry->value);
+          const auto diff = map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(entry->key) +
+            map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(entry->value);
           bin.erase(bin.begin() + i);
           return diff;
         }
@@ -211,6 +213,7 @@ namespace champ
       return node_as<SubNodes<K, V, H>>(c_idx)->getp(depth + 1, hash, k);
     }
 
+    // Returns serialised size of overwritten (k,v) if k exists, 0 otherwise
     size_t put_mut(SmallIndex depth, Hash hash, const K& k, const V& v)
     {
       const auto idx = mask(hash, depth);
@@ -246,8 +249,8 @@ namespace champ
       const auto& entry0 = node_as<Entry<K, V>>(c_idx);
       if (k == entry0->key)
       {
-        auto current_size = map::get_size_with_padding(entry0->key) +
-          map::get_size_with_padding(entry0->value);
+        auto current_size = map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(entry0->key) +
+          map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(entry0->value);
         nodes[c_idx] = std::make_shared<Entry<K, V>>(k, v);
         return current_size;
       }
@@ -297,6 +300,7 @@ namespace champ
         std::make_shared<SubNodes<K, V, H>>(std::move(node)), r);
     }
 
+    // Returns serialised size of removed (k,v) if k exists, 0 otherwise
     size_t remove_mut(SmallIndex depth, Hash hash, const K& k)
     {
       const auto idx = mask(hash, depth);
@@ -311,8 +315,8 @@ namespace champ
         if (entry->key != k)
           return 0;
 
-        const auto diff = map::get_size_with_padding(entry->key) +
-          map::get_size_with_padding(entry->value);
+        const auto diff = map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(entry->key) +
+          map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(entry->value);
         nodes.erase(nodes.begin() + c_idx);
         data_map = data_map.clear(idx);
         return diff;
@@ -437,9 +441,10 @@ namespace champ
       if (r.second == 0)
         size_++;
 
-      const auto size_change =
-        (map::get_size_with_padding(key) + map::get_size_with_padding(value)) -
+      const auto size_change = (map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(key) +
+                                map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(value)) -
         r.second;
+
       return Map(std::move(r.first), size_, size_change + serialized_size);
     }
 
@@ -492,17 +497,14 @@ namespace champ
     {
       std::vector<KVTuple> ordered_state;
       ordered_state.reserve(map.size());
-      size_t size = 0;
+      size_t serialized_size = 0;
 
-      map.foreach([&](auto& key, auto& value) {
+      map.foreach([&ordered_state, &serialized_size](auto& key, auto& value) {
         K* k = &key;
         V* v = &value;
-        uint32_t ks = map::get_size(key);
-        uint32_t vs = map::get_size(value);
-        uint32_t key_size = ks + map::get_padding(ks);
-        uint32_t value_size = vs + map::get_padding(vs);
-
-        size += (key_size + value_size);
+        uint32_t key_size = map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(key);
+        uint32_t value_size = map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(value);
+        serialized_size += (key_size + value_size);
 
         ordered_state.emplace_back(k, static_cast<Hash>(H()(key)), v);
 
@@ -517,9 +519,10 @@ namespace champ
         });
 
       CCF_ASSERT_FMT(
-        size == map.get_serialized_size(),
-        "size:{}, map->size:{} ==> count:{}, vect:{}",
-        size,
+        serialized_size == map.get_serialized_size(),
+        "Serialized size:{}, map.get_serialized_size():{} (map count:{}, "
+        "ordered state count:{})",
+        serialized_size,
         map.get_serialized_size(),
         map.size(),
         ordered_state.size());
@@ -527,15 +530,19 @@ namespace champ
       for (const auto& p : ordered_state)
       {
         // Serialize the key
-        uint32_t key_size = map::serialize(*p.k, data, size);
-        map::add_padding(key_size, data, size);
+        uint32_t key_size = map::serialize(*p.k, data, serialized_size);
+        map::add_padding(key_size, data, serialized_size);
 
         // Serialize the value
-        uint32_t value_size = map::serialize(*p.v, data, size);
-        map::add_padding(value_size, data, size);
+        uint32_t value_size = map::serialize(*p.v, data, serialized_size);
+        map::add_padding(value_size, data, serialized_size);
       }
 
-      CCF_ASSERT_FMT(size == 0, "buffer not filled, remaining:{}", size);
+      CCF_ASSERT_FMT(
+        serialized_size == 0,
+        "Serialization buffer is not complete, remaining:{}/{}",
+        serialized_size,
+        map.get_serialized_size());
     }
   };
 
diff --git a/src/ds/map_serializers.h b/src/ds/map_serializers.h
index b5c5a5bc6369..fbaaaea7ae37 100644
--- a/src/ds/map_serializers.h
+++ b/src/ds/map_serializers.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace map
   }
 
   template <class T>
-  static size_t get_size_with_padding(const T& t)
+  static size_t get_serialized_size_with_padding(const T& t)
   {
     const uint32_t t_size = get_size(t);
     return t_size + get_padding(t_size);
diff --git a/src/ds/rb_map.h b/src/ds/rb_map.h
index a5fbaf15d23f..187a83cdeab8 100644
--- a/src/ds/rb_map.h
+++ b/src/ds/rb_map.h
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ namespace rb
         _rgt(rgt)
       {
         total_size = 1;
-        total_serialized_size =
-          map::get_size_with_padding(key) + map::get_size_with_padding(val);
+        total_serialized_size = map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(key) +
+          map::get_serialized_size_with_padding(val);
         if (lft)
         {
           total_size += lft->size();
diff --git a/src/ds/test/map_test.cpp b/src/ds/test/map_test.cpp
index 61d9dde95fa0..58f33f85821b 100644
--- a/src/ds/test/map_test.cpp
+++ b/src/ds/test/map_test.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 // Licensed under the Apache 2.0 License.
 #define DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
 #include "ccf/byte_vector.h"
+#include "ccf/ds/logger.h"
+#include "ccf/kv/serialisers/serialised_entry.h"
 #include "ds/champ_map.h"
 #include "ds/rb_map.h"
+#include "ds/std_formatters.h"
+#include "kv/untyped_change_set.h"
 
 #include <doctest/doctest.h>
 #include <random>
@@ -18,8 +22,9 @@ struct CollisionHash
   }
 };
 
-using K = uint64_t;
-using V = uint64_t;
+using K = kv::serialisers::SerialisedEntry;
+using V = kv::serialisers::SerialisedEntry;
+constexpr static size_t max_key_value_size = 128;
 
 namespace map
 {
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ struct Put : public Op<M>
   std::string str()
   {
     auto ss = std::stringstream();
-    ss << "Put(" << H<K>()(k) << ", " << v << ")";
+    ss << "Put(" << H<K>()(k) << ", value of size " << v.size() << ")";
     return ss.str();
   }
 };
@@ -157,8 +162,9 @@ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Op<M>>> gen_ops(size_t n)
 
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Op<M>>> ops;
   std::vector<K> keys;
-  for (V v = 0; v < n; ++v)
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
   {
+    V v(gen() % max_key_value_size, 'v');
     std::unique_ptr<Op<M>> op;
     auto op_i = keys.empty() ? 0 : gen_op(gen);
     switch (op_i)
@@ -166,7 +172,7 @@ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Op<M>>> gen_ops(size_t n)
       case 0:
       case 1: // insert
       {
-        auto k = gen();
+        K k(gen() % max_key_value_size, 'k');
         keys.push_back(k);
         op = std::make_unique<Put<M>>(k, v);
 
@@ -254,130 +260,77 @@ template <class M>
 static const M gen_map(size_t size)
 {
   M map;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+  Model model;
+
+  auto ops = gen_ops<M>(size);
+  for (auto& op : ops)
   {
-    map = map.put(i, i);
+    auto r = op->apply(model, map);
+    map = r.second;
   }
+
   return map;
 }
 
-TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("Snapshot map", M, RBMap, ChampMap)
+TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("Snapshot map", M, ChampMap, RBMap)
 {
-  std::vector<KVPair> results;
-  uint32_t num_elements = 100;
-  auto map = gen_map<M>(num_elements);
+  size_t ops_count = 2048;
+  auto map = gen_map<M>(ops_count);
+  std::map<K, V> contents; // Ordered content as Champ is unordered
+  std::vector<uint8_t> serialised_snapshot;
+
+  M new_map;
 
-  INFO("Check initial content of map");
+  INFO("Record content of source map");
   {
-    map.foreach([&results](const auto& key, const auto& value) {
-      results.push_back({key, value});
+    map.foreach([&contents](const auto& key, const auto& value) {
+      contents[key] = value;
       return true;
     });
-    REQUIRE_EQ(num_elements, results.size());
-    REQUIRE_EQ(map.size(), num_elements);
-  }
-
-  INFO("Populate second map and compare");
-  {
-    std::set<K> keys;
-    M new_map;
-    for (const auto& p : results)
-    {
-      REQUIRE_LT(p.k, num_elements);
-      keys.insert(p.k);
-      new_map = new_map.put(p.k, p.v);
-    }
-    REQUIRE_EQ(num_elements, new_map.size());
-    REQUIRE_EQ(num_elements, keys.size());
+    REQUIRE_EQ(map.size(), contents.size());
   }
 
-  INFO("Serialize map to array");
+  INFO("Generate snapshot");
   {
     auto snapshot = map.make_snapshot();
-    std::vector<uint8_t> s(map.get_serialized_size());
-    snapshot->serialize(s.data());
-
-    auto new_map = map::deserialize_map<M>(s);
-
-    std::set<K> keys;
-    new_map.foreach([&keys](const auto& key, const auto& value) {
-      keys.insert(key);
-      REQUIRE_EQ(key, value);
-      return true;
-    });
-    REQUIRE_EQ(map.size(), new_map.size());
-    REQUIRE_EQ(map.size(), keys.size());
+    serialised_snapshot.resize(map.get_serialized_size());
+    snapshot->serialize(serialised_snapshot.data());
 
-    // Check that new entries can be added to deserialised map
-    uint32_t offset = 1000;
-    for (uint32_t i = offset; i < offset + num_elements; ++i)
-    {
-      new_map = new_map.put(i, i);
-    }
-    REQUIRE_EQ(new_map.size(), map.size() + num_elements);
-    for (uint32_t i = offset; i < offset + num_elements; ++i)
+    INFO("Ensure serialised state is byte identical");
     {
-      auto p = new_map.get(i);
-      REQUIRE(p.has_value());
-      REQUIRE(p.value() == i);
+      auto snapshot_2 = map.make_snapshot();
+      std::vector<uint8_t> serialised_snapshot_2(map.get_serialized_size());
+      snapshot_2->serialize(serialised_snapshot_2.data());
+      REQUIRE_EQ(serialised_snapshot, serialised_snapshot_2);
     }
   }
 
-  INFO("Ensure serialized state is byte identical");
+  INFO("Apply snapshot to target map");
   {
-    auto snapshot_1 = map.make_snapshot();
-    std::vector<uint8_t> s_1(map.get_serialized_size());
-    snapshot_1->serialize(s_1.data());
-
-    auto snapshot_2 = map.make_snapshot();
-    std::vector<uint8_t> s_2(map.get_serialized_size());
-    snapshot_2->serialize(s_2.data());
+    new_map = map::deserialize_map<M>(serialised_snapshot);
+    REQUIRE_EQ(map.size(), new_map.size());
 
-    REQUIRE_EQ(s_1, s_2);
+    std::map<K, V> new_contents;
+    new_map.foreach([&new_contents](const auto& key, const auto& value) {
+      new_contents[key] = value;
+      return true;
+    });
+    REQUIRE_EQ(contents.size(), new_contents.size());
+    REQUIRE_EQ(contents, new_contents);
   }
 
-  INFO("Snapshot is immutable");
+  INFO("Check that new entries can be added to target map");
   {
-    size_t current_size = map.size();
-    auto snapshot = map.make_snapshot();
-    std::vector<uint8_t> s_1(map.get_serialized_size());
-    snapshot->serialize(s_1.data());
-
-    // Add entry in map
-    auto key = current_size + 1;
-    REQUIRE(map.get(key) == std::nullopt);
-    map = map.put(key, key);
-
-    // Even though map has been updated, snapshot is not modified
-    std::vector<uint8_t> s_2(s_1.size());
-    snapshot->serialize(s_2.data());
-    REQUIRE_EQ(s_1, s_2);
+    Model new_model;
+    auto new_ops = gen_ops<M>(ops_count);
+    for (auto& op : new_ops)
+    {
+      auto r = op->apply(new_model, new_map);
+      new_map = r.second;
+    }
   }
 }
 
-using SerialisedKey = ccf::ByteVector;
-using SerialisedValue = ccf::ByteVector;
-
-TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(
-  "Serialize map with different key sizes",
-  M,
-  UntypedChampMap<SerialisedKey, SerialisedValue>,
-  UntypedRBMap<SerialisedKey, SerialisedValue>)
-{
-  M map;
-  SerialisedKey key(16);
-  SerialisedValue long_key(128);
-  SerialisedValue value(8);
-  SerialisedValue long_value(256);
-
-  map = map.put(key, value);
-  map = map.put(long_key, long_value);
-
-  auto snapshot = map.make_snapshot();
-  std::vector<uint8_t> s(map.get_serialized_size());
-  snapshot->serialize(s.data());
-}
-
 template <typename M>
 std::map<K, V> get_all_entries(const M& map)
 {
@@ -390,6 +343,55 @@ std::map<K, V> get_all_entries(const M& map)
   return entries;
 }
 
+TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("Snapshot is immutable", M, ChampMap, RBMap)
+{
+  size_t ops_count = 2048;
+  auto map = gen_map<M>(ops_count);
+
+  // Take snapshot at original state
+  auto snapshot = map.make_snapshot();
+  size_t serialised_snapshot_before_size = snapshot->get_serialized_size();
+  std::vector<uint8_t> serialised_snapshot_before(
+    serialised_snapshot_before_size);
+  snapshot->serialize(serialised_snapshot_before.data());
+
+  INFO("Meanwhile, modify map");
+  {
+    // Remove operation is not yet implemented for RBMap
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<M, ChampMap>)
+    {
+      auto all_entries = get_all_entries(map);
+      auto& key_to_remove = all_entries.begin()->first;
+      map = map.remove(key_to_remove);
+    }
+
+    // Modify existing key with value that must be different from what `gen_map`
+    // populated the map with
+    auto all_entries = get_all_entries(map);
+    auto& key_to_add = all_entries.begin()->first;
+    map = map.put(key_to_add, V(max_key_value_size * 2, 'x'));
+  }
+
+  INFO("Even though map has been updated, original snapshot is not modified");
+  {
+    REQUIRE_EQ(
+      snapshot->get_serialized_size(), serialised_snapshot_before_size);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> serialised_snapshot_after(
+      serialised_snapshot_before_size);
+    snapshot->serialize(serialised_snapshot_after.data());
+    REQUIRE_EQ(serialised_snapshot_before, serialised_snapshot_after);
+  }
+
+  INFO("But new snapshot is different");
+  {
+    auto new_snapshot = map.make_snapshot();
+    size_t serialised_snapshot_new_size = new_snapshot->get_serialized_size();
+    std::vector<uint8_t> serialised_snapshot_new(serialised_snapshot_new_size);
+    new_snapshot->serialize(serialised_snapshot_new.data());
+    REQUIRE_NE(serialised_snapshot_before, serialised_snapshot_new);
+  }
+}
+
 template <class S, class T>
 void verify_snapshot_compatibility(const S& source_map, T& target_map)
 {
@@ -432,11 +434,11 @@ void forall_threshold(const M& map, size_t threshold)
 {
   size_t iterations_count = 0;
   map.foreach([&iterations_count, threshold](const K& k, const V& v) {
-    iterations_count++;
     if (iterations_count >= threshold)
     {
       return false;
     }
+    iterations_count++;
     return true;
   });
   REQUIRE(iterations_count == threshold);
@@ -445,8 +447,8 @@ void forall_threshold(const M& map, size_t threshold)
 TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("Foreach", M, RBMap, ChampMap)
 {
   size_t size = 100;
-  size_t threshold = size / 2;
-
   auto map = gen_map<M>(size);
+
+  size_t threshold = map.size() / 2;
   forall_threshold(map, threshold);
 }
diff --git a/src/kv/test/kv_snapshot.cpp b/src/kv/test/kv_snapshot.cpp
index 66b2604637d8..3b9e2b2dfdb4 100644
--- a/src/kv/test/kv_snapshot.cpp
+++ b/src/kv/test/kv_snapshot.cpp
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Old snapshots" * doctest::test_suite("snapshot"))
   // Test that this code can still parse snapshots produced by old versions of
   // the code
   // NB: These raw strings are base64 encodings from
-  // `sencond_serialised_snapshot` in the "Simple snapshot" test
+  // `second_serialised_snapshot` in the "Simple snapshot" test
   std::string raw_snapshot_b64;
   SUBCASE("Tombstone deletions")
   {
diff --git a/src/kv/untyped_map.h b/src/kv/untyped_map.h
index 690b8ca6f541..dfe20b4bcb5f 100644
--- a/src/kv/untyped_map.h
+++ b/src/kv/untyped_map.h
@@ -303,6 +303,7 @@ namespace kv::untyped
 
       void serialise(KvStoreSerialiser& s) override
       {
+        LOG_TRACE_FMT("Serialising snapshot for map: {}", name);
         s.start_map(name, security_domain);
         s.serialise_entry_version(version);
 
diff --git a/tests/partitions_test.py b/tests/partitions_test.py
index b9c4669a2ca7..13330fdce712 100644
--- a/tests/partitions_test.py
+++ b/tests/partitions_test.py
@@ -339,9 +339,7 @@ def set_certs(from_days_diff, validity_period_days, nodes):
             stack.enter_context(network.partitioner.partition([primary]))
 
         # Restore connectivity between backups and wait for election
-        network.wait_for_primary_unanimity(
-            nodes=[backup_a, backup_b], min_view=r.view
-        )
+        network.wait_for_primary_unanimity(nodes=[backup_a, backup_b], min_view=r.view)
 
         # Should now be able to make progress
         check_can_progress(backup_a)