diff --git a/src/compiler/checker.ts b/src/compiler/checker.ts
index 2549639115215..caec310b705b3 100644
--- a/src/compiler/checker.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/checker.ts
@@ -11737,7 +11737,10 @@ namespace ts {
                 else if ((isLiteralType(source) || source.flags & TypeFlags.String) && target.flags & TypeFlags.Index) {
                     const empty = createEmptyObjectTypeFromStringLiteral(source);
                     contravariant = !contravariant;
+                    const savePriority = priority;
+                    priority |= InferencePriority.LiteralKeyof;
                     inferFromTypes(empty, (target as IndexType).type);
+                    priority = savePriority;
                     contravariant = !contravariant;
                 }
                 else if (source.flags & TypeFlags.IndexedAccess && target.flags & TypeFlags.IndexedAccess) {
@@ -11980,6 +11983,30 @@ namespace ts {
             return candidates;
         }
 
+        function getContravariantInference(inference: InferenceInfo) {
+            return inference.priority & InferencePriority.PriorityImpliesCombination ? getIntersectionType(inference.contraCandidates) : getCommonSubtype(inference.contraCandidates);
+        }
+
+        function getCovariantInference(inference: InferenceInfo, context: InferenceContext, signature: Signature) {
+            // Extract all object literal types and replace them with a single widened and normalized type.
+            const candidates = widenObjectLiteralCandidates(inference.candidates);
+            // We widen inferred literal types if
+            // all inferences were made to top-level occurrences of the type parameter, and
+            // the type parameter has no constraint or its constraint includes no primitive or literal types, and
+            // the type parameter was fixed during inference or does not occur at top-level in the return type.
+            const widenLiteralTypes = inference.topLevel &&
+                !hasPrimitiveConstraint(inference.typeParameter) &&
+                (inference.isFixed || !isTypeParameterAtTopLevel(getReturnTypeOfSignature(signature), inference.typeParameter));
+            const baseCandidates = widenLiteralTypes ? sameMap(candidates, getWidenedLiteralType) : candidates;
+            // If all inferences were made from contravariant positions, infer a common subtype. Otherwise, if
+            // union types were requested or if all inferences were made from the return type position, infer a
+            // union type. Otherwise, infer a common supertype.
+            const unwidenedType = context.flags & InferenceFlags.InferUnionTypes || inference.priority & InferencePriority.PriorityImpliesCombination ?
+                getUnionType(baseCandidates, UnionReduction.Subtype) :
+                getCommonSupertype(baseCandidates);
+            return getWidenedType(unwidenedType);
+        }
+
         function getInferredType(context: InferenceContext, index: number): Type {
             const inference = context.inferences[index];
             let inferredType = inference.inferredType;
@@ -11987,32 +12014,16 @@ namespace ts {
                 const signature = context.signature;
                 if (signature) {
                     if (inference.candidates) {
-                        // Extract all object literal types and replace them with a single widened and normalized type.
-                        const candidates = widenObjectLiteralCandidates(inference.candidates);
-                        // We widen inferred literal types if
-                        // all inferences were made to top-level ocurrences of the type parameter, and
-                        // the type parameter has no constraint or its constraint includes no primitive or literal types, and
-                        // the type parameter was fixed during inference or does not occur at top-level in the return type.
-                        const widenLiteralTypes = inference.topLevel &&
-                            !hasPrimitiveConstraint(inference.typeParameter) &&
-                            (inference.isFixed || !isTypeParameterAtTopLevel(getReturnTypeOfSignature(signature), inference.typeParameter));
-                        const baseCandidates = widenLiteralTypes ? sameMap(candidates, getWidenedLiteralType) : candidates;
-                        // If all inferences were made from contravariant positions, infer a common subtype. Otherwise, if
-                        // union types were requested or if all inferences were made from the return type position, infer a
-                        // union type. Otherwise, infer a common supertype.
-                        const unwidenedType = context.flags & InferenceFlags.InferUnionTypes || inference.priority & InferencePriority.PriorityImpliesUnion ?
-                            getUnionType(baseCandidates, UnionReduction.Subtype) :
-                            getCommonSupertype(baseCandidates);
-                        inferredType = getWidenedType(unwidenedType);
+                        inferredType = getCovariantInference(inference, context, signature);
                         // If we have inferred 'never' but have contravariant candidates. To get a more specific type we
                         // infer from the contravariant candidates instead.
                         if (inferredType.flags & TypeFlags.Never && inference.contraCandidates) {
-                            inferredType = getCommonSubtype(inference.contraCandidates);
+                            inferredType = getContravariantInference(inference);
                         }
                     }
                     else if (inference.contraCandidates) {
                         // We only have contravariant inferences, infer the best common subtype of those
-                        inferredType = getCommonSubtype(inference.contraCandidates);
+                        inferredType = getContravariantInference(inference);
                     }
                     else if (context.flags & InferenceFlags.NoDefault) {
                         // We use silentNeverType as the wildcard that signals no inferences.
diff --git a/src/compiler/types.ts b/src/compiler/types.ts
index 42d8462cecdb7..d4699bfb7818f 100644
--- a/src/compiler/types.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/types.ts
@@ -3920,10 +3920,11 @@ namespace ts {
         HomomorphicMappedType       = 1 << 1,  // Reverse inference for homomorphic mapped type
         MappedTypeConstraint        = 1 << 2,  // Reverse inference for mapped type
         ReturnType                  = 1 << 3,  // Inference made from return type of generic function
-        NoConstraints               = 1 << 4,  // Don't infer from constraints of instantiable types
-        AlwaysStrict                = 1 << 5,  // Always use strict rules for contravariant inferences
+        LiteralKeyof                = 1 << 4,  // Inference made from a string literal to a keyof T
+        NoConstraints               = 1 << 5,  // Don't infer from constraints of instantiable types
+        AlwaysStrict                = 1 << 6,  // Always use strict rules for contravariant inferences
 
-        PriorityImpliesUnion        = ReturnType | MappedTypeConstraint,  // These priorities imply that the resulting type should be a union of all candidates
+        PriorityImpliesCombination  = ReturnType | MappedTypeConstraint | LiteralKeyof,  // These priorities imply that the resulting type should be a combination of all candidates
     }
 
     /* @internal */
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/api/tsserverlibrary.d.ts b/tests/baselines/reference/api/tsserverlibrary.d.ts
index 1048f338d922a..f7d74d4abbd57 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/api/tsserverlibrary.d.ts
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/api/tsserverlibrary.d.ts
@@ -2240,9 +2240,10 @@ declare namespace ts {
         HomomorphicMappedType = 2,
         MappedTypeConstraint = 4,
         ReturnType = 8,
-        NoConstraints = 16,
-        AlwaysStrict = 32,
-        PriorityImpliesUnion = 12,
+        LiteralKeyof = 16,
+        NoConstraints = 32,
+        AlwaysStrict = 64,
+        PriorityImpliesCombination = 28,
     }
     interface JsFileExtensionInfo {
         extension: string;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/api/typescript.d.ts b/tests/baselines/reference/api/typescript.d.ts
index 99a9bd99a6037..871b05a2132e3 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/api/typescript.d.ts
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/api/typescript.d.ts
@@ -2240,9 +2240,10 @@ declare namespace ts {
         HomomorphicMappedType = 2,
         MappedTypeConstraint = 4,
         ReturnType = 8,
-        NoConstraints = 16,
-        AlwaysStrict = 32,
-        PriorityImpliesUnion = 12,
+        LiteralKeyof = 16,
+        NoConstraints = 32,
+        AlwaysStrict = 64,
+        PriorityImpliesCombination = 28,
     }
     interface JsFileExtensionInfo {
         extension: string;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.js b/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8267417ad422f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//// [keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts]
+interface X {
+    a: string;
+    b: string;
+}
+
+declare function foo<T = X>(x: keyof T, y: keyof T): T;
+declare function bar<T>(x: keyof T, y: keyof T): T;
+
+const a = foo<X>('a', 'b'); // compiles cleanly
+const b = foo('a', 'b');    // also clean
+const c = bar('a', 'b');    // still clean
+
+//// [keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.js]
+var a = foo('a', 'b'); // compiles cleanly
+var b = foo('a', 'b'); // also clean
+var c = bar('a', 'b'); // still clean
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..88340b821d2a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/types/typeRelationships/typeInference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts ===
+interface X {
+>X : Symbol(X, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    a: string;
+>a : Symbol(X.a, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 0, 13))
+
+    b: string;
+>b : Symbol(X.b, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 1, 14))
+}
+
+declare function foo<T = X>(x: keyof T, y: keyof T): T;
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 3, 1))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 5, 21))
+>X : Symbol(X, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 0, 0))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 5, 28))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 5, 21))
+>y : Symbol(y, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 5, 39))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 5, 21))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 5, 21))
+
+declare function bar<T>(x: keyof T, y: keyof T): T;
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 5, 55))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 6, 21))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 6, 24))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 6, 21))
+>y : Symbol(y, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 6, 35))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 6, 21))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 6, 21))
+
+const a = foo<X>('a', 'b'); // compiles cleanly
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 8, 5))
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 3, 1))
+>X : Symbol(X, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 0, 0))
+
+const b = foo('a', 'b');    // also clean
+>b : Symbol(b, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 9, 5))
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 3, 1))
+
+const c = bar('a', 'b');    // still clean
+>c : Symbol(c, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 10, 5))
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts, 5, 55))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.types b/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ff7c3da19a685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.types
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/types/typeRelationships/typeInference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts ===
+interface X {
+>X : X
+
+    a: string;
+>a : string
+
+    b: string;
+>b : string
+}
+
+declare function foo<T = X>(x: keyof T, y: keyof T): T;
+>foo : <T = X>(x: keyof T, y: keyof T) => T
+>T : T
+>X : X
+>x : keyof T
+>T : T
+>y : keyof T
+>T : T
+>T : T
+
+declare function bar<T>(x: keyof T, y: keyof T): T;
+>bar : <T>(x: keyof T, y: keyof T) => T
+>T : T
+>x : keyof T
+>T : T
+>y : keyof T
+>T : T
+>T : T
+
+const a = foo<X>('a', 'b'); // compiles cleanly
+>a : X
+>foo<X>('a', 'b') : X
+>foo : <T = X>(x: keyof T, y: keyof T) => T
+>X : X
+>'a' : "a"
+>'b' : "b"
+
+const b = foo('a', 'b');    // also clean
+>b : { a: any; } & { b: any; }
+>foo('a', 'b') : { a: any; } & { b: any; }
+>foo : <T = X>(x: keyof T, y: keyof T) => T
+>'a' : "a"
+>'b' : "b"
+
+const c = bar('a', 'b');    // still clean
+>c : { a: any; } & { b: any; }
+>bar('a', 'b') : { a: any; } & { b: any; }
+>bar : <T>(x: keyof T, y: keyof T) => T
+>'a' : "a"
+>'b' : "b"
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.js b/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..581e01729d9d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.js
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//// [keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts]
+// #22736
+declare class Write {
+    protected dummy: Write;
+}
+
+declare class Col<s, a> {
+    protected dummy: [Col<s, a>, s, a];
+}
+
+declare class Table<Req, Def> {
+    protected dummy: [Table<Req, Def>, Req, Def];
+}
+
+type MakeTable<T1 extends object, T2 extends object> = {
+    [P in keyof T1]: Col<Write, T1[P]>;
+} & {
+        [P in keyof T2]: Col<Write, T2[P]>;
+    };
+
+declare class ConflictTarget<Cols> {
+    public static tableColumns<Cols>(cols: (keyof Cols)[]): ConflictTarget<Cols>;
+    protected dummy: [ConflictTarget<Cols>, Cols];
+}
+
+
+
+const bookTable: Table<BookReq, BookDef> = null as any
+
+interface BookReq {
+    readonly title: string;
+    readonly serial: number;
+}
+
+interface BookDef {
+    readonly author: string;
+    readonly numPages: number | null;
+}
+
+
+function insertOnConflictDoNothing<Req extends object, Def extends object>(_table: Table<Req, Def>, _conflictTarget: ConflictTarget<Req & Def>): boolean {
+    throw new Error();
+}
+
+function f() {
+    insertOnConflictDoNothing(bookTable, ConflictTarget.tableColumns(["serial"]));  // <-- No error here; should use the type inferred for the return type of `tableColumns`
+}
+
+
+//// [keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.js]
+var bookTable = null;
+function insertOnConflictDoNothing(_table, _conflictTarget) {
+    throw new Error();
+}
+function f() {
+    insertOnConflictDoNothing(bookTable, ConflictTarget.tableColumns(["serial"])); // <-- No error here; should use the type inferred for the return type of `tableColumns`
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c4c6b0c3cc33c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/types/typeRelationships/typeInference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts ===
+// #22736
+declare class Write {
+>Write : Symbol(Write, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    protected dummy: Write;
+>dummy : Symbol(Write.dummy, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 1, 21))
+>Write : Symbol(Write, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 0, 0))
+}
+
+declare class Col<s, a> {
+>Col : Symbol(Col, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 3, 1))
+>s : Symbol(s, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 5, 18))
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 5, 20))
+
+    protected dummy: [Col<s, a>, s, a];
+>dummy : Symbol(Col.dummy, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 5, 25))
+>Col : Symbol(Col, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 3, 1))
+>s : Symbol(s, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 5, 18))
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 5, 20))
+>s : Symbol(s, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 5, 18))
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 5, 20))
+}
+
+declare class Table<Req, Def> {
+>Table : Symbol(Table, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 7, 1))
+>Req : Symbol(Req, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 9, 20))
+>Def : Symbol(Def, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 9, 24))
+
+    protected dummy: [Table<Req, Def>, Req, Def];
+>dummy : Symbol(Table.dummy, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 9, 31))
+>Table : Symbol(Table, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 7, 1))
+>Req : Symbol(Req, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 9, 20))
+>Def : Symbol(Def, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 9, 24))
+>Req : Symbol(Req, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 9, 20))
+>Def : Symbol(Def, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 9, 24))
+}
+
+type MakeTable<T1 extends object, T2 extends object> = {
+>MakeTable : Symbol(MakeTable, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 11, 1))
+>T1 : Symbol(T1, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 13, 15))
+>T2 : Symbol(T2, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 13, 33))
+
+    [P in keyof T1]: Col<Write, T1[P]>;
+>P : Symbol(P, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 14, 5))
+>T1 : Symbol(T1, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 13, 15))
+>Col : Symbol(Col, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 3, 1))
+>Write : Symbol(Write, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 0, 0))
+>T1 : Symbol(T1, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 13, 15))
+>P : Symbol(P, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 14, 5))
+
+} & {
+        [P in keyof T2]: Col<Write, T2[P]>;
+>P : Symbol(P, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 16, 9))
+>T2 : Symbol(T2, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 13, 33))
+>Col : Symbol(Col, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 3, 1))
+>Write : Symbol(Write, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 0, 0))
+>T2 : Symbol(T2, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 13, 33))
+>P : Symbol(P, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 16, 9))
+
+    };
+
+declare class ConflictTarget<Cols> {
+>ConflictTarget : Symbol(ConflictTarget, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 17, 6))
+>Cols : Symbol(Cols, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 19, 29))
+
+    public static tableColumns<Cols>(cols: (keyof Cols)[]): ConflictTarget<Cols>;
+>tableColumns : Symbol(ConflictTarget.tableColumns, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 19, 36))
+>Cols : Symbol(Cols, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 20, 31))
+>cols : Symbol(cols, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 20, 37))
+>Cols : Symbol(Cols, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 20, 31))
+>ConflictTarget : Symbol(ConflictTarget, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 17, 6))
+>Cols : Symbol(Cols, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 20, 31))
+
+    protected dummy: [ConflictTarget<Cols>, Cols];
+>dummy : Symbol(ConflictTarget.dummy, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 20, 81))
+>ConflictTarget : Symbol(ConflictTarget, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 17, 6))
+>Cols : Symbol(Cols, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 19, 29))
+>Cols : Symbol(Cols, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 19, 29))
+}
+
+
+
+const bookTable: Table<BookReq, BookDef> = null as any
+>bookTable : Symbol(bookTable, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 26, 5))
+>Table : Symbol(Table, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 7, 1))
+>BookReq : Symbol(BookReq, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 26, 54))
+>BookDef : Symbol(BookDef, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 31, 1))
+
+interface BookReq {
+>BookReq : Symbol(BookReq, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 26, 54))
+
+    readonly title: string;
+>title : Symbol(BookReq.title, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 28, 19))
+
+    readonly serial: number;
+>serial : Symbol(BookReq.serial, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 29, 27))
+}
+
+interface BookDef {
+>BookDef : Symbol(BookDef, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 31, 1))
+
+    readonly author: string;
+>author : Symbol(BookDef.author, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 33, 19))
+
+    readonly numPages: number | null;
+>numPages : Symbol(BookDef.numPages, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 34, 28))
+}
+
+
+function insertOnConflictDoNothing<Req extends object, Def extends object>(_table: Table<Req, Def>, _conflictTarget: ConflictTarget<Req & Def>): boolean {
+>insertOnConflictDoNothing : Symbol(insertOnConflictDoNothing, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 36, 1))
+>Req : Symbol(Req, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 39, 35))
+>Def : Symbol(Def, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 39, 54))
+>_table : Symbol(_table, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 39, 75))
+>Table : Symbol(Table, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 7, 1))
+>Req : Symbol(Req, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 39, 35))
+>Def : Symbol(Def, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 39, 54))
+>_conflictTarget : Symbol(_conflictTarget, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 39, 99))
+>ConflictTarget : Symbol(ConflictTarget, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 17, 6))
+>Req : Symbol(Req, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 39, 35))
+>Def : Symbol(Def, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 39, 54))
+
+    throw new Error();
+>Error : Symbol(Error, Decl(lib.d.ts, --, --), Decl(lib.d.ts, --, --))
+}
+
+function f() {
+>f : Symbol(f, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 41, 1))
+
+    insertOnConflictDoNothing(bookTable, ConflictTarget.tableColumns(["serial"]));  // <-- No error here; should use the type inferred for the return type of `tableColumns`
+>insertOnConflictDoNothing : Symbol(insertOnConflictDoNothing, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 36, 1))
+>bookTable : Symbol(bookTable, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 26, 5))
+>ConflictTarget.tableColumns : Symbol(ConflictTarget.tableColumns, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 19, 36))
+>ConflictTarget : Symbol(ConflictTarget, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 17, 6))
+>tableColumns : Symbol(ConflictTarget.tableColumns, Decl(keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts, 19, 36))
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.types b/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cf0c3cb6a319b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.types
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/types/typeRelationships/typeInference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts ===
+// #22736
+declare class Write {
+>Write : Write
+
+    protected dummy: Write;
+>dummy : Write
+>Write : Write
+}
+
+declare class Col<s, a> {
+>Col : Col<s, a>
+>s : s
+>a : a
+
+    protected dummy: [Col<s, a>, s, a];
+>dummy : [Col<s, a>, s, a]
+>Col : Col<s, a>
+>s : s
+>a : a
+>s : s
+>a : a
+}
+
+declare class Table<Req, Def> {
+>Table : Table<Req, Def>
+>Req : Req
+>Def : Def
+
+    protected dummy: [Table<Req, Def>, Req, Def];
+>dummy : [Table<Req, Def>, Req, Def]
+>Table : Table<Req, Def>
+>Req : Req
+>Def : Def
+>Req : Req
+>Def : Def
+}
+
+type MakeTable<T1 extends object, T2 extends object> = {
+>MakeTable : MakeTable<T1, T2>
+>T1 : T1
+>T2 : T2
+
+    [P in keyof T1]: Col<Write, T1[P]>;
+>P : P
+>T1 : T1
+>Col : Col<s, a>
+>Write : Write
+>T1 : T1
+>P : P
+
+} & {
+        [P in keyof T2]: Col<Write, T2[P]>;
+>P : P
+>T2 : T2
+>Col : Col<s, a>
+>Write : Write
+>T2 : T2
+>P : P
+
+    };
+
+declare class ConflictTarget<Cols> {
+>ConflictTarget : ConflictTarget<Cols>
+>Cols : Cols
+
+    public static tableColumns<Cols>(cols: (keyof Cols)[]): ConflictTarget<Cols>;
+>tableColumns : <Cols>(cols: (keyof Cols)[]) => ConflictTarget<Cols>
+>Cols : Cols
+>cols : (keyof Cols)[]
+>Cols : Cols
+>ConflictTarget : ConflictTarget<Cols>
+>Cols : Cols
+
+    protected dummy: [ConflictTarget<Cols>, Cols];
+>dummy : [ConflictTarget<Cols>, Cols]
+>ConflictTarget : ConflictTarget<Cols>
+>Cols : Cols
+>Cols : Cols
+}
+
+
+
+const bookTable: Table<BookReq, BookDef> = null as any
+>bookTable : Table<BookReq, BookDef>
+>Table : Table<Req, Def>
+>BookReq : BookReq
+>BookDef : BookDef
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+
+interface BookReq {
+>BookReq : BookReq
+
+    readonly title: string;
+>title : string
+
+    readonly serial: number;
+>serial : number
+}
+
+interface BookDef {
+>BookDef : BookDef
+
+    readonly author: string;
+>author : string
+
+    readonly numPages: number | null;
+>numPages : number
+>null : null
+}
+
+
+function insertOnConflictDoNothing<Req extends object, Def extends object>(_table: Table<Req, Def>, _conflictTarget: ConflictTarget<Req & Def>): boolean {
+>insertOnConflictDoNothing : <Req extends object, Def extends object>(_table: Table<Req, Def>, _conflictTarget: ConflictTarget<Req & Def>) => boolean
+>Req : Req
+>Def : Def
+>_table : Table<Req, Def>
+>Table : Table<Req, Def>
+>Req : Req
+>Def : Def
+>_conflictTarget : ConflictTarget<Req & Def>
+>ConflictTarget : ConflictTarget<Cols>
+>Req : Req
+>Def : Def
+
+    throw new Error();
+>new Error() : Error
+>Error : ErrorConstructor
+}
+
+function f() {
+>f : () => void
+
+    insertOnConflictDoNothing(bookTable, ConflictTarget.tableColumns(["serial"]));  // <-- No error here; should use the type inferred for the return type of `tableColumns`
+>insertOnConflictDoNothing(bookTable, ConflictTarget.tableColumns(["serial"])) : boolean
+>insertOnConflictDoNothing : <Req extends object, Def extends object>(_table: Table<Req, Def>, _conflictTarget: ConflictTarget<Req & Def>) => boolean
+>bookTable : Table<BookReq, BookDef>
+>ConflictTarget.tableColumns(["serial"]) : ConflictTarget<BookReq & BookDef>
+>ConflictTarget.tableColumns : <Cols>(cols: (keyof Cols)[]) => ConflictTarget<Cols>
+>ConflictTarget : typeof ConflictTarget
+>tableColumns : <Cols>(cols: (keyof Cols)[]) => ConflictTarget<Cols>
+>["serial"] : "serial"[]
+>"serial" : "serial"
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/types/typeRelationships/typeInference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/types/typeRelationships/typeInference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7bd11ed2ae39e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/types/typeRelationships/typeInference/keyofInferenceIntersectsResults.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+interface X {
+    a: string;
+    b: string;
+}
+
+declare function foo<T = X>(x: keyof T, y: keyof T): T;
+declare function bar<T>(x: keyof T, y: keyof T): T;
+
+const a = foo<X>('a', 'b'); // compiles cleanly
+const b = foo('a', 'b');    // also clean
+const c = bar('a', 'b');    // still clean
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/types/typeRelationships/typeInference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/types/typeRelationships/typeInference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9de110bd1e95e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/types/typeRelationships/typeInference/keyofInferenceLowerPriorityThanReturn.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// #22736
+declare class Write {
+    protected dummy: Write;
+}
+
+declare class Col<s, a> {
+    protected dummy: [Col<s, a>, s, a];
+}
+
+declare class Table<Req, Def> {
+    protected dummy: [Table<Req, Def>, Req, Def];
+}
+
+type MakeTable<T1 extends object, T2 extends object> = {
+    [P in keyof T1]: Col<Write, T1[P]>;
+} & {
+        [P in keyof T2]: Col<Write, T2[P]>;
+    };
+
+declare class ConflictTarget<Cols> {
+    public static tableColumns<Cols>(cols: (keyof Cols)[]): ConflictTarget<Cols>;
+    protected dummy: [ConflictTarget<Cols>, Cols];
+}
+
+
+
+const bookTable: Table<BookReq, BookDef> = null as any
+
+interface BookReq {
+    readonly title: string;
+    readonly serial: number;
+}
+
+interface BookDef {
+    readonly author: string;
+    readonly numPages: number | null;
+}
+
+
+function insertOnConflictDoNothing<Req extends object, Def extends object>(_table: Table<Req, Def>, _conflictTarget: ConflictTarget<Req & Def>): boolean {
+    throw new Error();
+}
+
+function f() {
+    insertOnConflictDoNothing(bookTable, ConflictTarget.tableColumns(["serial"]));  // <-- No error here; should use the type inferred for the return type of `tableColumns`
+}