diff --git a/src/Simulation/Core/Extensions.cs b/src/Simulation/Core/Extensions.cs
index ab524f68f8e..cb1dea84a8a 100644
--- a/src/Simulation/Core/Extensions.cs
+++ b/src/Simulation/Core/Extensions.cs
@@ -24,6 +24,13 @@ public static Result ToResult(this bool b)
                 : Result.Zero;
         }
 
+        public static Result ToResult(this bool b, Qubit qubit)
+        {
+            return b
+                ? new ResultMeasured(ResultValue.One, qubit)
+                : new ResultMeasured(ResultValue.Zero, qubit);
+        }
+
         public static Result ToResult(this uint b)
         {
             Debug.Assert(b == 0 || b == 1, $"Unexpected result value: {b}");
@@ -33,6 +40,15 @@ public static Result ToResult(this uint b)
                 : Result.One;
         }
 
+        public static Result ToResult(this uint b, Qubit qubit)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(b == 0 || b == 1, $"Unexpected result value: {b}");
+
+            return b == 0
+                ? new ResultMeasured(ResultValue.Zero, qubit)
+                : new ResultMeasured(ResultValue.One, qubit);
+        }
+
         public static double Pow(this double x, double y)
         {
             return System.Math.Pow(x, y);
diff --git a/src/Simulation/Core/RuntimeMetadata.cs b/src/Simulation/Core/RuntimeMetadata.cs
index d61f63050f9..86a8067c5c3 100644
--- a/src/Simulation/Core/RuntimeMetadata.cs
+++ b/src/Simulation/Core/RuntimeMetadata.cs
@@ -42,12 +42,16 @@ public class RuntimeMetadata
         /// <summary>
         /// True if operation is composed of multiple operations.
         /// </summary>
-        /// </summary>
         /// <remarks>
         /// This is used in composite operations, such as <c>ApplyToEach</c>.
         /// </remarks>
         public bool IsComposite { get; set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// True if operation is a classically-controlled conditional operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsConditional { get; set; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Group of operations for each classical branch (<c>true</c> and <c>false</c>).
         /// </summary>
@@ -83,7 +87,8 @@ public override bool Equals(object? obj)
 
             if (this.Label != other.Label || this.FormattedNonQubitArgs != other.FormattedNonQubitArgs ||
                 this.IsAdjoint != other.IsAdjoint || this.IsControlled != other.IsControlled ||
-                this.IsMeasurement != other.IsMeasurement || this.IsComposite != other.IsComposite)
+                this.IsMeasurement != other.IsMeasurement || this.IsComposite != other.IsComposite ||
+                this.IsConditional != other.IsConditional)
                 return false;
 
             if (!ListEquals<Qubit>(this.Controls, other.Controls)) return false;
@@ -122,7 +127,7 @@ public override int GetHashCode()
             
             // Combine all other properties and get the resulting hashcode
             var otherHash = HashCode.Combine(this.Label, this.FormattedNonQubitArgs, this.IsAdjoint, this.IsControlled,
-                this.IsMeasurement, this.IsComposite);
+                this.IsMeasurement, this.IsComposite, this.IsConditional);
             
             // Combine them all together to get the final hashcode
             return HashCode.Combine(controlsHash, targetsHash, childrenHash, otherHash);
diff --git a/src/Simulation/Core/Types.cs b/src/Simulation/Core/Types.cs
index 4fac9c5e969..840668ac775 100644
--- a/src/Simulation/Core/Types.cs
+++ b/src/Simulation/Core/Types.cs
@@ -49,6 +49,24 @@ public override ResultValue GetValue()
         }
     }
 
+    public class ResultMeasured : Result
+    {
+        private ResultValue Value;
+
+        public Qubit Qubit { get; set; }
+
+        public ResultMeasured(ResultValue value, Qubit qubit)
+        {
+            Value = value;
+            Qubit = qubit;
+        }
+
+        public override ResultValue GetValue()
+        {
+            return Value;
+        }
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Represents the Result of a Measurement. Corresponds to Q# type <code>Result</code>.
     /// </summary>
diff --git a/src/Simulation/QsharpCore/ClassicalControl.cs b/src/Simulation/QsharpCore/ClassicalControl.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4645786fa92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Simulation/QsharpCore/ClassicalControl.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+#nullable enable
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.Core;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.QuantumProcessor.Extensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides interface to access base `GetRuntimeMetadata` method.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface IApplyIfElse : ICallable
+    {
+        RuntimeMetadata? GetBaseRuntimeMetadata(IApplyData args);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides static `GetRuntimeMetadata` method for ApplyIfElseR and its variants
+    /// to avoid code duplication.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class ApplyIfElseUtils<__C__, __T__, __U__>
+    {
+        public static RuntimeMetadata? GetRuntimeMetadata(IApplyIfElse op, IApplyData args)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(args.Value is ValueTuple<Result, (__C__, __T__), (__C__, __U__)>,
+                $"Failed to retrieve runtime metadata for {op.ToString()}.");
+
+            if (args.Value is ValueTuple<Result, (__C__, __T__), (__C__, __U__)> ifArgs)
+            {
+                var (result, (onZeroOp, zeroArg), (onOneOp, oneArg)) = ifArgs;
+                var metadata = op.GetBaseRuntimeMetadata(args);
+
+                if (metadata == null) return null;
+
+                if (result is ResultMeasured measured)
+                {
+                    metadata.IsConditional = true;
+                    metadata.Controls = new List<Qubit>() { measured.Qubit };
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    metadata.IsComposite = true;
+                }
+
+                return metadata;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public partial class ApplyIfElseR<__T__, __U__> : IApplyIfElse
+    {
+        public RuntimeMetadata? GetBaseRuntimeMetadata(IApplyData args) =>
+            base.GetRuntimeMetadata(args);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override RuntimeMetadata? GetRuntimeMetadata(IApplyData args) =>
+            ApplyIfElseUtils<ICallable, __T__, __U__>.GetRuntimeMetadata(this, args);
+    }
+
+    public partial class ApplyIfElseRA<__T__, __U__> : IApplyIfElse
+    {
+        public RuntimeMetadata? GetBaseRuntimeMetadata(IApplyData args) =>
+            base.GetRuntimeMetadata(args);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override RuntimeMetadata? GetRuntimeMetadata(IApplyData args) =>
+            ApplyIfElseUtils<IAdjointable, __T__, __U__>.GetRuntimeMetadata(this, args);
+    }
+
+    public partial class ApplyIfElseRC<__T__, __U__> : IApplyIfElse
+    {
+        public RuntimeMetadata? GetBaseRuntimeMetadata(IApplyData args) =>
+            base.GetRuntimeMetadata(args);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override RuntimeMetadata? GetRuntimeMetadata(IApplyData args) =>
+            ApplyIfElseUtils<IControllable, __T__, __U__>.GetRuntimeMetadata(this, args);
+    }
+
+    public partial class ApplyIfElseRCA<__T__, __U__> : IApplyIfElse
+    {
+        public RuntimeMetadata? GetBaseRuntimeMetadata(IApplyData args) =>
+            base.GetRuntimeMetadata(args);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override RuntimeMetadata? GetRuntimeMetadata(IApplyData args) =>
+            ApplyIfElseUtils<IUnitary, __T__, __U__>.GetRuntimeMetadata(this, args);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Simulation/Simulators.Tests/RuntimeMetadataTests.cs b/src/Simulation/Simulators.Tests/RuntimeMetadataTests.cs
index 8ba1e3cd373..2264a1838ee 100644
--- a/src/Simulation/Simulators.Tests/RuntimeMetadataTests.cs
+++ b/src/Simulation/Simulators.Tests/RuntimeMetadataTests.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.Core;
+using Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.QuantumProcessor.Extensions;
 using Xunit;
 
 namespace Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.Simulators.Tests
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ public void CheckEquality()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { },
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ public void CheckEquality()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { },
@@ -89,6 +92,11 @@ public void CheckEquality()
             Assert.NotEqual(a, b);
             Assert.NotEqual(a.GetHashCode(), b.GetHashCode());
             b.IsComposite = false;
+
+            b.IsConditional = true;
+            Assert.NotEqual(a, b);
+            Assert.NotEqual(a.GetHashCode(), b.GetHashCode());
+            b.IsConditional = false;
         }
 
         [Fact]
@@ -198,6 +206,7 @@ public void CNOT()
                 IsControlled = true,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { control },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -222,6 +231,7 @@ public void CCNOT()
                 IsControlled = true,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { control1, control2 },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -245,6 +255,7 @@ public void Swap()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { q1, q2 },
@@ -267,6 +278,7 @@ public void Ry()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -289,6 +301,7 @@ public void M()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = true,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { measureQubit },
@@ -311,6 +324,7 @@ public void Reset()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -358,6 +372,7 @@ public void MResetX()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = true,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { measureQubit },
@@ -380,6 +395,7 @@ public void MResetY()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = true,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { measureQubit },
@@ -402,6 +418,7 @@ public void MResetZ()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = true,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { measureQubit },
@@ -427,6 +444,7 @@ public void EmptyOperation()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { },
@@ -450,6 +468,7 @@ public void OperationAsArgument()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { q },
@@ -471,6 +490,7 @@ public void NestedOperation()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { },
@@ -493,6 +513,7 @@ public void DuplicateQubitArgs()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { q },
@@ -540,6 +561,7 @@ public void FooUDTOp()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -566,6 +588,7 @@ public void ControlledH()
                 IsControlled = true,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = controls,
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -589,6 +612,7 @@ public void ControlledX()
                 IsControlled = true,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = controls,
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -613,6 +637,7 @@ public void ControlledCNOT()
                 IsControlled = true,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = controls.Append(control),
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -639,6 +664,7 @@ public void ControlledCCNOT()
                 IsControlled = true,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { control1, control2, control3 },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -664,6 +690,7 @@ public void AdjointH()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -686,6 +713,7 @@ public void AdjointX()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -708,6 +736,7 @@ public void AdjointAdjointH()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -732,6 +761,7 @@ public void ControlledAdjointH()
                 IsControlled = true,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = controls,
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -758,6 +788,7 @@ public void ControlledAdjointAdjointH()
                 IsControlled = true,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = controls,
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -787,6 +818,7 @@ public void PartialRy()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
@@ -810,6 +842,7 @@ public void PartialUDT()
                 IsControlled = false,
                 IsMeasurement = false,
                 IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = false,
                 Children = null,
                 Controls = new List<Qubit>() { },
                 Targets = new List<Qubit>() { },
@@ -818,4 +851,119 @@ public void PartialUDT()
             Assert.Equal(op.GetRuntimeMetadata(args), expected);
         }
     }
+
+    public class ClassicallyControlledTests
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void ApplyIfElseR()
+        {
+            var qsim = new QuantumSimulator();
+            var control = new FreeQubit(0);
+            var target = new FreeQubit(1);
+            var res = new ResultMeasured(ResultValue.Zero, control);
+            var zeroOp = qsim.Get<Intrinsic.Z>();
+            var oneOp = qsim.Get<Intrinsic.X>();
+            var op = qsim.Get<ApplyIfElseR<Qubit, Qubit>>();
+            var args = op.__dataIn((res, (zeroOp, target), (oneOp, target)));
+            var expected = new RuntimeMetadata()
+            {
+                Label = "ApplyIfElseR",
+                FormattedNonQubitArgs = "(Zero, (Z), (X))",
+                IsAdjoint = false,
+                IsControlled = false,
+                IsMeasurement = false,
+                IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = true,
+                Children = null,
+                Controls = new List<Qubit>() { control },
+                Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
+            };
+
+            Assert.Equal(op.GetRuntimeMetadata(args), expected);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ApplyIfElseRA()
+        {
+            var qsim = new QuantumSimulator();
+            var control = new FreeQubit(0);
+            var target = new FreeQubit(1);
+            var res = new ResultMeasured(ResultValue.Zero, control);
+            var zeroOp = qsim.Get<Intrinsic.Z>().Adjoint;
+            var oneOp = qsim.Get<Intrinsic.X>().Adjoint;
+            var op = qsim.Get<ApplyIfElseRA<Qubit, Qubit>>();
+            var args = op.__dataIn((res, (zeroOp, target), (oneOp, target)));
+            var expected = new RuntimeMetadata()
+            {
+                Label = "ApplyIfElseRA",
+                FormattedNonQubitArgs = "(Zero, (Z), (X))",
+                IsAdjoint = false,
+                IsControlled = false,
+                IsMeasurement = false,
+                IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = true,
+                Children = null,
+                Controls = new List<Qubit>() { control },
+                Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
+            };
+
+            Assert.Equal(op.GetRuntimeMetadata(args), expected);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ApplyIfElseRC()
+        {
+            var qsim = new QuantumSimulator();
+            var control = new FreeQubit(0);
+            var target = new FreeQubit(1);
+            var res = new ResultMeasured(ResultValue.Zero, control);
+            var zeroOp = qsim.Get<Intrinsic.Z>().Controlled;
+            var oneOp = qsim.Get<Intrinsic.X>().Controlled;
+            var op = qsim.Get<ApplyIfElseRC<Qubit, Qubit>>();
+            var args = op.__dataIn((res, (zeroOp, target), (oneOp, target)));
+            var expected = new RuntimeMetadata()
+            {
+                Label = "ApplyIfElseRC",
+                FormattedNonQubitArgs = "(Zero, (Z), (X))",
+                IsAdjoint = false,
+                IsControlled = false,
+                IsMeasurement = false,
+                IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = true,
+                Children = null,
+                Controls = new List<Qubit>() { control },
+                Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
+            };
+
+            Assert.Equal(op.GetRuntimeMetadata(args), expected);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ApplyIfElseRCA()
+        {
+            var qsim = new QuantumSimulator();
+            var control = new FreeQubit(0);
+            var target = new FreeQubit(1);
+            var res = new ResultMeasured(ResultValue.Zero, control);
+            var zeroOp = qsim.Get<Intrinsic.Z>().Controlled.Adjoint;
+            var oneOp = qsim.Get<Intrinsic.X>().Controlled.Adjoint;
+            var op = qsim.Get<ApplyIfElseRCA<Qubit, Qubit>>();
+            var args = op.__dataIn((res, (zeroOp, target), (oneOp, target)));
+            var expected = new RuntimeMetadata()
+            {
+                Label = "ApplyIfElseRCA",
+                FormattedNonQubitArgs = "(Zero, (Z), (X))",
+                IsAdjoint = false,
+                IsControlled = false,
+                IsMeasurement = false,
+                IsComposite = false,
+                IsConditional = true,
+                Children = null,
+                Controls = new List<Qubit>() { control },
+                Targets = new List<Qubit>() { target },
+            };
+
+            Assert.Equal(op.GetRuntimeMetadata(args), expected);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Simulation/Simulators/QuantumSimulator/M.cs b/src/Simulation/Simulators/QuantumSimulator/M.cs
index 2b4fee0874d..a8b8974c72d 100644
--- a/src/Simulation/Simulators/QuantumSimulator/M.cs
+++ b/src/Simulation/Simulators/QuantumSimulator/M.cs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public QSimM(QuantumSimulator m) : base(m)
                 Simulator.CheckQubit(q);
                 //setting qubit as measured to allow for release
                 q.IsMeasured = true;
-                return M(Simulator.Id, (uint)q.Id).ToResult();
+                return M(Simulator.Id, (uint)q.Id).ToResult(q);
             };
         }
     }