diff --git a/change/react-native-windows-6efd65a3-c7b2-4fee-b9d9-d6dac48f59b9.json b/change/react-native-windows-6efd65a3-c7b2-4fee-b9d9-d6dac48f59b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c3635cdab66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/change/react-native-windows-6efd65a3-c7b2-4fee-b9d9-d6dac48f59b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "type": "prerelease",
+  "comment": "Fix Button visibility in dark mode by adding theme-aware root background (#15521)",
+  "packageName": "react-native-windows",
+  "email": "nitchaudhary@microsoft.com",
+  "dependentChangeType": "patch"
+}
diff --git a/vnext/Microsoft.ReactNative/Fabric/Composition/ReactNativeIsland.cpp b/vnext/Microsoft.ReactNative/Fabric/Composition/ReactNativeIsland.cpp
index 54b9ff491b1..3f566aa5552 100644
--- a/vnext/Microsoft.ReactNative/Fabric/Composition/ReactNativeIsland.cpp
+++ b/vnext/Microsoft.ReactNative/Fabric/Composition/ReactNativeIsland.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include "ReactNativeHost.h"
 #include "RootComponentView.h"
 #include "TextDrawing.h"
+#include "Theme.h"
 
 #include <winrt/Microsoft.UI.Content.h>
 #include <winrt/Microsoft.UI.Input.h>
@@ -281,6 +282,24 @@ void ReactNativeIsland::UpdateRootVisualSize() noexcept {
   UpdateDebuggerVisualSize();
 }
 
+void ReactNativeIsland::UpdateRootVisualBackground() noexcept {
+  if (m_rootVisual && m_theme) {
+    // Set a theme-aware background color on the root visual.
+    // This ensures that semi-transparent WinUI colors (like Button's ControlFillColorDefault)
+    // render correctly against the proper theme background, matching native WinUI app behavior.
+    // See Issue #15521: Button becomes invisible in dark mode.
+    auto themeImpl = winrt::get_self<winrt::Microsoft::ReactNative::Composition::implementation::Theme>(m_theme);
+    auto backgroundColor = themeImpl->PlatformColor("SolidBackgroundFillColorBase");
+    auto spriteVisual = m_rootVisual.as<winrt::Microsoft::ReactNative::Composition::Experimental::ISpriteVisual>();
+    if (spriteVisual) {
+      auto compContext =
+          winrt::Microsoft::ReactNative::Composition::Experimental::MicrosoftCompositionContextHelper::CreateContext(
+              m_compositor);
+      spriteVisual.Brush(compContext.CreateColorBrush(backgroundColor));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 void ReactNativeIsland::UpdateLoadingVisualSize() noexcept {
   if (m_loadingVisual) {
     auto drawingSurface = CreateLoadingVisualBrush();
@@ -364,6 +383,9 @@ void ReactNativeIsland::Theme(const winrt::Microsoft::ReactNative::Composition::
           const winrt::Windows::Foundation::IInspectable & /*sender*/,
           const winrt::Windows::Foundation::IInspectable & /*args*/) {
         if (auto strongThis = wkThis.get()) {
+          // Update the root visual background when theme changes (light/dark mode switch)
+          strongThis->UpdateRootVisualBackground();
+
           if (auto rootView = strongThis->GetComponentView()) {
             Mso::Functor<bool(const winrt::Microsoft::ReactNative::ComponentView &)> fn =
                 [](const winrt::Microsoft::ReactNative::ComponentView &view) noexcept {
@@ -379,6 +401,9 @@ void ReactNativeIsland::Theme(const winrt::Microsoft::ReactNative::Composition::
         }
       });
 
+  // Update the root visual background with the new theme
+  UpdateRootVisualBackground();
+
   if (auto rootView = GetComponentView()) {
     rootView->theme(winrt::get_self<winrt::Microsoft::ReactNative::Composition::implementation::Theme>(value));
   }
diff --git a/vnext/Microsoft.ReactNative/Fabric/Composition/ReactNativeIsland.h b/vnext/Microsoft.ReactNative/Fabric/Composition/ReactNativeIsland.h
index 3428495527b..f7bbef69a6a 100644
--- a/vnext/Microsoft.ReactNative/Fabric/Composition/ReactNativeIsland.h
+++ b/vnext/Microsoft.ReactNative/Fabric/Composition/ReactNativeIsland.h
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ struct ReactNativeIsland
   void ShowDebuggerUI(std::string message, const std::function<void()> &onResume) noexcept;
   void HideDebuggerUI() noexcept;
   void UpdateRootVisualSize() noexcept;
+  void UpdateRootVisualBackground() noexcept;
   void UpdateLoadingVisualSize() noexcept;
   void UpdateDebuggerVisualSize() noexcept;
   Composition::Experimental::IDrawingSurfaceBrush CreateLoadingVisualBrush() noexcept;