diff --git a/mne_bids/path.py b/mne_bids/path.py
index c76fb2a2a..63d6d1259 100644
--- a/mne_bids/path.py
+++ b/mne_bids/path.py
@@ -1473,7 +1473,7 @@ def search_folder_for_text(
 def _check_max_depth(max_depth):
     """Check that max depth is a proper input."""
     msg = "`max_depth` must be a positive integer or None"
-    if not isinstance(max_depth, (int, type(None))):
+    if not isinstance(max_depth, int | type(None)):
         raise ValueError(msg)
     if max_depth is None:
         max_depth = float("inf")
@@ -2217,7 +2217,7 @@ def _infer_datatype(*, root, sub, ses):
 
 def _path_to_str(var):
     """Make sure var is a string or Path, return string representation."""
-    if not isinstance(var, (Path, str)):
+    if not isinstance(var, Path | str):
         raise ValueError(
             f"All path parameters must be either strings or "
             f"pathlib.Path objects. Found type {type(var)}."
diff --git a/mne_bids/tsv_handler.py b/mne_bids/tsv_handler.py
index 73bc228bc..532caa370 100644
--- a/mne_bids/tsv_handler.py
+++ b/mne_bids/tsv_handler.py
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def _from_tsv(fname, dtypes=None):
     data_dict = OrderedDict()
     if dtypes is None:
         dtypes = [str] * info.shape[1]
-    if not isinstance(dtypes, (list, tuple)):
+    if not isinstance(dtypes, list | tuple):
         dtypes = [dtypes] * info.shape[1]
     if not len(dtypes) == info.shape[1]:
         raise ValueError(
diff --git a/mne_bids/utils.py b/mne_bids/utils.py
index 0bc80c2c1..fe3ad5738 100644
--- a/mne_bids/utils.py
+++ b/mne_bids/utils.py
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ def _age_on_date(bday, exp_date):
 def _check_types(variables):
     """Make sure all vars are str or None."""
     for var in variables:
-        if not isinstance(var, (str, type(None))):
+        if not isinstance(var, str | type(None)):
             raise ValueError(
                 f"You supplied a value ({var}) of type "
                 f"{type(var)}, where a string or None was "
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ def _get_mrk_meas_date(mrk):
     """Find the measurement date from a KIT marker file."""
     info = get_kit_info(mrk, False)[0]
     meas_date = info.get("meas_date", None)
-    if isinstance(meas_date, (tuple, list, np.ndarray)):
+    if isinstance(meas_date, tuple | list | np.ndarray):
         meas_date = meas_date[0]
     if isinstance(meas_date, datetime):
         meas_datetime = meas_date
diff --git a/mne_bids/write.py b/mne_bids/write.py
index c7bd1896d..16b817be8 100644
--- a/mne_bids/write.py
+++ b/mne_bids/write.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
 
 
 def _is_numeric(n):
-    return isinstance(n, (np.integer, np.floating, int, float))
+    return isinstance(n, np.integer | np.floating | int | float)
 
 
 def _channels_tsv(raw, fname, overwrite=False):
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ def _participants_tsv(raw, subject_id, fname, overwrite=False):
         if isinstance(age, tuple):  # can be removed once MNE >= 1.8 is required
             age = date(*age)
         meas_date = raw.info.get("meas_date", None)
-        if isinstance(meas_date, (tuple, list, np.ndarray)):
+        if isinstance(meas_date, tuple | list | np.ndarray):
             meas_date = meas_date[0]
 
         if meas_date is not None and age is not None:
@@ -2267,7 +2267,7 @@ def _get_t1w_mgh(fs_subject, fs_subjects_dir):
 def _get_landmarks(landmarks, image_nii, kind=""):
     import nibabel as nib
 
-    if isinstance(landmarks, (str, Path)):
+    if isinstance(landmarks, str | Path):
         landmarks, coord_frame = read_fiducials(landmarks)
         landmarks = np.array(
             [landmark["r"] for landmark in landmarks], dtype=float