diff --git a/client/client_test.go b/client/client_test.go
index a95965d66d3f..13b554816645 100644
--- a/client/client_test.go
+++ b/client/client_test.go
@@ -208,6 +208,8 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 		testExportLocalNoPlatformSplitOverwrite,
 		testValidateNullConfig,
 		testValidateInvalidConfig,
+		testValidatePlatformsEmpty,
+		testValidatePlatformsInvalid,
 	)
 }
 
diff --git a/client/validation_test.go b/client/validation_test.go
index 41886443e94a..5dd5df6cf2ce 100644
--- a/client/validation_test.go
+++ b/client/validation_test.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/llb"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/exporter/containerimage/exptypes"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/gateway/client"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/testutil/integration"
 	ocispecs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
@@ -96,3 +97,110 @@ func testValidateInvalidConfig(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid image config for export: missing os")
 }
+
+func testValidatePlatformsEmpty(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
+	requiresLinux(t)
+
+	ctx := sb.Context()
+
+	c, err := New(ctx, sb.Address())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	b := func(ctx context.Context, c client.Client) (*client.Result, error) {
+		def, err := llb.Scratch().Marshal(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		res, err := c.Solve(ctx, client.SolveRequest{
+			Evaluate:   true,
+			Definition: def.ToPB(),
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		res.AddMeta("refs.platforms", []byte("null"))
+		return res, nil
+	}
+
+	_, err = c.Build(ctx, SolveOpt{
+		Exports: []ExportEntry{
+			{
+				Type:   ExporterOCI,
+				Output: fixedWriteCloser(nopWriteCloser{io.Discard}),
+			},
+		},
+	}, "", b, nil)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid empty platforms index for exporter")
+}
+
+func testValidatePlatformsInvalid(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
+	requiresLinux(t)
+
+	ctx := sb.Context()
+
+	c, err := New(ctx, sb.Address())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	tcases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		value []exptypes.Platform
+		exp   string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "emptyID",
+			value: []exptypes.Platform{{}},
+			exp:   "invalid empty platform key for exporter",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missingOS",
+			value: []exptypes.Platform{
+				{
+					ID: "foo",
+				},
+			},
+			exp: "invalid platform value",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tcases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			b := func(ctx context.Context, c client.Client) (*client.Result, error) {
+				def, err := llb.Scratch().Marshal(ctx)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+
+				res, err := c.Solve(ctx, client.SolveRequest{
+					Evaluate:   true,
+					Definition: def.ToPB(),
+				})
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+
+				dt, err := json.Marshal(exptypes.Platforms{Platforms: tc.value})
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+
+				res.AddMeta("refs.platforms", dt)
+				return res, nil
+			}
+
+			_, err = c.Build(ctx, SolveOpt{
+				Exports: []ExportEntry{
+					{
+						Type:   ExporterOCI,
+						Output: fixedWriteCloser(nopWriteCloser{io.Discard}),
+					},
+				},
+			}, "", b, nil)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			require.Contains(t, err.Error(), tc.exp)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/exporter/containerimage/exptypes/parse.go b/exporter/containerimage/exptypes/parse.go
index f77cd3f52565..6d01dc0f6e33 100644
--- a/exporter/containerimage/exptypes/parse.go
+++ b/exporter/containerimage/exptypes/parse.go
@@ -17,6 +17,18 @@ func ParsePlatforms(meta map[string][]byte) (Platforms, error) {
 				return Platforms{}, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to parse platforms passed to provenance processor")
 			}
 		}
+		if len(ps.Platforms) == 0 {
+			return Platforms{}, errors.Errorf("invalid empty platforms index for exporter")
+		}
+		for i, p := range ps.Platforms {
+			if p.ID == "" {
+				return Platforms{}, errors.Errorf("invalid empty platform key for exporter")
+			}
+			if p.Platform.OS == "" || p.Platform.Architecture == "" {
+				return Platforms{}, errors.Errorf("invalid platform value %v for exporter", p.Platform)
+			}
+			ps.Platforms[i].Platform = platforms.Normalize(p.Platform)
+		}
 		return ps, nil
 	}
 
@@ -36,6 +48,8 @@ func ParsePlatforms(meta map[string][]byte) (Platforms, error) {
 				OSFeatures:   img.OSFeatures,
 				Variant:      img.Variant,
 			}
+		} else if img.OS != "" || img.Architecture != "" {
+			return Platforms{}, errors.Errorf("invalid image config: os and architecture must be specified together")
 		}
 	}
 	p = platforms.Normalize(p)