diff --git a/src/error.ts b/src/error.ts
index b488d0d5d7..6f91f24634 100644
--- a/src/error.ts
+++ b/src/error.ts
@@ -200,6 +200,8 @@ export class MongoError extends Error {
  * @category Error
  */
 export class MongoServerError extends MongoError {
+  /** Raw error result document returned by server. */
+  errorResponse: ErrorDescription;
   codeName?: string;
   writeConcernError?: Document;
   errInfo?: Document;
@@ -223,9 +225,17 @@ export class MongoServerError extends MongoError {
       this[kErrorLabels] = new Set(message.errorLabels);
     }
 
+    this.errorResponse = message;
+
     for (const name in message) {
-      if (name !== 'errorLabels' && name !== 'errmsg' && name !== 'message')
+      if (
+        name !== 'errorLabels' &&
+        name !== 'errmsg' &&
+        name !== 'message' &&
+        name !== 'errorResponse'
+      ) {
         this[name] = message[name];
+      }
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/sdam/server.ts b/src/sdam/server.ts
index 13cadd9f7f..f1a0bf1d98 100644
--- a/src/sdam/server.ts
+++ b/src/sdam/server.ts
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ export class Server extends TypedEventEmitter<ServerEvents> {
       this.monitor.on(event, (e: any) => this.emit(event, e));
     }
 
-    this.monitor.on('resetServer', (error: MongoError) => markServerUnknown(this, error));
+    this.monitor.on('resetServer', (error: MongoServerError) => markServerUnknown(this, error));
     this.monitor.on(Server.SERVER_HEARTBEAT_SUCCEEDED, (event: ServerHeartbeatSucceededEvent) => {
       this.emit(
         Server.DESCRIPTION_RECEIVED,
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ export class Server extends TypedEventEmitter<ServerEvents> {
       // clear for the specific service id.
       if (!this.loadBalanced) {
         error.addErrorLabel(MongoErrorLabel.ResetPool);
-        markServerUnknown(this, error);
+        markServerUnknown(this, error as MongoServerError);
       } else if (connection) {
         this.pool.clear({ serviceId: connection.serviceId });
       }
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ export class Server extends TypedEventEmitter<ServerEvents> {
             if (shouldClearPool) {
               error.addErrorLabel(MongoErrorLabel.ResetPool);
             }
-            markServerUnknown(this, error);
+            markServerUnknown(this, error as MongoServerError);
             process.nextTick(() => this.requestCheck());
           }
         }
diff --git a/src/sdam/topology_description.ts b/src/sdam/topology_description.ts
index 380e6c8f0c..f2fafaf87b 100644
--- a/src/sdam/topology_description.ts
+++ b/src/sdam/topology_description.ts
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ export class TopologyDescription {
     );
 
     if (descriptionsWithError.length > 0) {
-      return descriptionsWithError[0].error;
+      return descriptionsWithError[0].error as MongoServerError;
     }
 
     return null;
diff --git a/test/integration/collection-management/collection_management.spec.test.js b/test/integration/collection-management/collection_management.spec.test.js
index 1c78969d67..9242b24133 100644
--- a/test/integration/collection-management/collection_management.spec.test.js
+++ b/test/integration/collection-management/collection_management.spec.test.js
@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ const { loadSpecTests } = require('../../spec/index');
 const { runUnifiedSuite } = require('../../tools/unified-spec-runner/runner');
 
 // The Node driver does not have a Collection.modifyCollection helper.
-const SKIPPED_TESTS = ['modifyCollection to changeStreamPreAndPostImages enabled'];
+const SKIPPED_TESTS = [
+  'modifyCollection to changeStreamPreAndPostImages enabled',
+  'modifyCollection prepareUnique violations are accessible'
+];
 
 describe('Collection management unified spec tests', function () {
   runUnifiedSuite(loadSpecTests('collection-management'), ({ description }) =>
diff --git a/test/integration/crud/crud.spec.test.js b/test/integration/crud/crud.spec.test.js
index ce145c038c..a7fd404c8b 100644
--- a/test/integration/crud/crud.spec.test.js
+++ b/test/integration/crud/crud.spec.test.js
@@ -425,6 +425,10 @@ describe('CRUD spec v1', function () {
   }
 });
 
+// TODO(NODE-5998) - The Node driver UTR does not have a Collection.modifyCollection helper.
+const SKIPPED_TESTS = ['findOneAndUpdate document validation errInfo is accessible'];
 describe('CRUD unified', function () {
-  runUnifiedSuite(loadSpecTests(path.join('crud', 'unified')));
+  runUnifiedSuite(loadSpecTests(path.join('crud', 'unified')), ({ description }) =>
+    SKIPPED_TESTS.includes(description) ? `the Node driver does not have a collMod helper.` : false
+  );
 });
diff --git a/test/spec/collection-management/modifyCollection-errorResponse.json b/test/spec/collection-management/modifyCollection-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aea71eb08f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/collection-management/modifyCollection-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+{
+  "description": "modifyCollection-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0",
+        "observeEvents": [
+          "commandStartedEvent"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "collMod-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "initialData": [
+    {
+      "collectionName": "test",
+      "databaseName": "collMod-tests",
+      "documents": [
+        {
+          "_id": 1,
+          "x": 1
+        },
+        {
+          "_id": 2,
+          "x": 1
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "modifyCollection prepareUnique violations are accessible",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "5.2"
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "createIndex",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "keys": {
+              "x": 1
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "modifyCollection",
+          "object": "database0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "collection": "test",
+            "index": {
+              "keyPattern": {
+                "x": 1
+              },
+              "prepareUnique": true
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "insertOne",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "document": {
+              "_id": 3,
+              "x": 1
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 11000
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "modifyCollection",
+          "object": "database0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "collection": "test",
+            "index": {
+              "keyPattern": {
+                "x": 1
+              },
+              "unique": true
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "isClientError": false,
+            "errorCode": 359,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "violations": [
+                {
+                  "ids": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/test/spec/collection-management/modifyCollection-errorResponse.yml b/test/spec/collection-management/modifyCollection-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e61a01211c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/collection-management/modifyCollection-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+description: "modifyCollection-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+      observeEvents: [ commandStartedEvent ]
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name collMod-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+initialData: &initialData
+  - collectionName: *collection0Name
+    databaseName: *database0Name
+    documents:
+      - { _id: 1, x: 1 }
+      - { _id: 2, x: 1 }
+
+tests:
+  - description: "modifyCollection prepareUnique violations are accessible"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "5.2" # SERVER-61158
+    operations:
+      - name: createIndex
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          keys: { x: 1 }
+      - name: modifyCollection
+        object: *database0
+        arguments:
+          collection: *collection0Name
+          index:
+            keyPattern: { x: 1 }
+            prepareUnique: true
+      - name: insertOne
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          document: { _id: 3, x: 1 }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: 11000 # DuplicateKey
+      - name: modifyCollection
+        object: *database0
+        arguments:
+          collection: *collection0Name
+          index:
+            keyPattern: { x: 1 }
+            unique: true
+        expectError:
+          isClientError: false
+          errorCode: 359 # CannotConvertIndexToUnique
+          errorResponse:
+            violations:
+               - { ids: [ 1, 2 ] }
diff --git a/test/spec/crud/unified/aggregate-merge-errorResponse.json b/test/spec/crud/unified/aggregate-merge-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c7305fd91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/crud/unified/aggregate-merge-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{
+  "description": "aggregate-merge-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "crud-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "initialData": [
+    {
+      "collectionName": "test",
+      "databaseName": "crud-tests",
+      "documents": [
+        {
+          "_id": 1,
+          "x": 1
+        },
+        {
+          "_id": 2,
+          "x": 1
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "aggregate $merge DuplicateKey error is accessible",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "5.1",
+          "topologies": [
+            "single",
+            "replicaset"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "aggregate",
+          "object": "database0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "pipeline": [
+              {
+                "$documents": [
+                  {
+                    "_id": 2,
+                    "x": 1
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              {
+                "$merge": {
+                  "into": "test",
+                  "whenMatched": "fail"
+                }
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 11000,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "keyPattern": {
+                "_id": 1
+              },
+              "keyValue": {
+                "_id": 2
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/test/spec/crud/unified/aggregate-merge-errorResponse.yml b/test/spec/crud/unified/aggregate-merge-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5fd679bffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/crud/unified/aggregate-merge-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+description: "aggregate-merge-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name crud-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+initialData: &initialData
+  - collectionName: *collection0Name
+    databaseName: *database0Name
+    documents:
+      - { _id: 1, x: 1 }
+      - { _id: 2, x: 1 }
+
+tests:
+  - description: "aggregate $merge DuplicateKey error is accessible"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "5.1" # SERVER-59097
+        # Exclude sharded topologies since the aggregate command fails with
+        # IllegalOperation(20) instead of DuplicateKey(11000)
+        topologies: [ single, replicaset ]
+    operations:
+      - name: aggregate
+        object: *database0
+        arguments:
+          pipeline:
+            - { $documents: [ { _id: 2, x: 1 } ] }
+            - { $merge: { into: *collection0Name, whenMatched: "fail" } }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: 11000 # DuplicateKey
+          errorResponse:
+            keyPattern: { _id: 1 }
+            keyValue: { _id: 2 }
diff --git a/test/spec/crud/unified/bulkWrite-errorResponse.json b/test/spec/crud/unified/bulkWrite-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..157637c713
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/crud/unified/bulkWrite-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+{
+  "description": "bulkWrite-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0",
+        "useMultipleMongoses": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "crud-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "bulkWrite operations support errorResponse assertions",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.0.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "single",
+            "replicaset"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.2.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "sharded"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "failPoint",
+          "object": "testRunner",
+          "arguments": {
+            "client": "client0",
+            "failPoint": {
+              "configureFailPoint": "failCommand",
+              "mode": {
+                "times": 1
+              },
+              "data": {
+                "failCommands": [
+                  "insert"
+                ],
+                "errorCode": 8
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "bulkWrite",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "requests": [
+              {
+                "insertOne": {
+                  "document": {
+                    "_id": 1
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 8,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "code": 8
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/test/spec/crud/unified/bulkWrite-errorResponse.yml b/test/spec/crud/unified/bulkWrite-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d4f335dfd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/crud/unified/bulkWrite-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+description: "bulkWrite-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+      useMultipleMongoses: false
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name crud-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+tests:
+  # This test intentionally executes only a single insert operation in the bulk
+  # write to make the error code and response assertions less ambiguous. That
+  # said, some drivers may still need to skip this test because the CRUD spec
+  # does not prescribe how drivers should formulate a BulkWriteException beyond
+  # collecting write and write concern errors.
+  - description: "bulkWrite operations support errorResponse assertions"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "4.0.0"
+        topologies: [ single, replicaset ]
+      - minServerVersion: "4.2.0"
+        topologies: [ sharded ]
+    operations:
+      - name: failPoint
+        object: testRunner
+        arguments:
+          client: *client0
+          failPoint:
+            configureFailPoint: failCommand
+            mode: { times: 1 }
+            data:
+              failCommands: [ insert ]
+              errorCode: &errorCode 8 # UnknownError
+      - name: bulkWrite
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          requests:
+            - insertOne:
+                document: { _id: 1 }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: *errorCode
+          errorResponse:
+            code: *errorCode
diff --git a/test/spec/crud/unified/deleteOne-errorResponse.json b/test/spec/crud/unified/deleteOne-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f3a266f1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/crud/unified/deleteOne-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+{
+  "description": "deleteOne-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0",
+        "useMultipleMongoses": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "crud-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "delete operations support errorResponse assertions",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.0.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "single",
+            "replicaset"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.2.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "sharded"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "failPoint",
+          "object": "testRunner",
+          "arguments": {
+            "client": "client0",
+            "failPoint": {
+              "configureFailPoint": "failCommand",
+              "mode": {
+                "times": 1
+              },
+              "data": {
+                "failCommands": [
+                  "delete"
+                ],
+                "errorCode": 8
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "deleteOne",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "filter": {
+              "_id": 1
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 8,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "code": 8
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/test/spec/crud/unified/deleteOne-errorResponse.yml b/test/spec/crud/unified/deleteOne-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dcf013060e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/crud/unified/deleteOne-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+description: "deleteOne-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+      useMultipleMongoses: false
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name crud-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+tests:
+  # Some drivers may still need to skip this test because the CRUD spec does not
+  # prescribe how drivers should formulate a WriteException beyond collecting a
+  # write or write concern error.
+  - description: "delete operations support errorResponse assertions"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "4.0.0"
+        topologies: [ single, replicaset ]
+      - minServerVersion: "4.2.0"
+        topologies: [ sharded ]
+    operations:
+      - name: failPoint
+        object: testRunner
+        arguments:
+          client: *client0
+          failPoint:
+            configureFailPoint: failCommand
+            mode: { times: 1 }
+            data:
+              failCommands: [ delete ]
+              errorCode: &errorCode 8 # UnknownError
+      - name: deleteOne
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          filter: { _id: 1 }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: *errorCode
+          errorResponse:
+            code: *errorCode
diff --git a/test/spec/crud/unified/findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse.json b/test/spec/crud/unified/findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5023a450f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/crud/unified/findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+{
+  "description": "findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "crud-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "initialData": [
+    {
+      "collectionName": "test",
+      "databaseName": "crud-tests",
+      "documents": [
+        {
+          "_id": 1,
+          "x": "foo"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "findOneAndUpdate DuplicateKey error is accessible",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.2"
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "createIndex",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "keys": {
+              "x": 1
+            },
+            "unique": true
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "findOneAndUpdate",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "filter": {
+              "_id": 2
+            },
+            "update": {
+              "$set": {
+                "x": "foo"
+              }
+            },
+            "upsert": true
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 11000,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "keyPattern": {
+                "x": 1
+              },
+              "keyValue": {
+                "x": "foo"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "findOneAndUpdate document validation errInfo is accessible",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "5.0"
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "modifyCollection",
+          "object": "database0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "collection": "test",
+            "validator": {
+              "x": {
+                "$type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "findOneAndUpdate",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "filter": {
+              "_id": 1
+            },
+            "update": {
+              "$set": {
+                "x": 1
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 121,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "errInfo": {
+                "failingDocumentId": 1,
+                "details": {
+                  "$$type": "object"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/test/spec/crud/unified/findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse.yml b/test/spec/crud/unified/findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8faed76809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/crud/unified/findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+description: "findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name crud-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+initialData: &initialData
+  - collectionName: *collection0Name
+    databaseName: *database0Name
+    documents:
+      - { _id: 1, x: "foo" }
+
+tests:
+  - description: "findOneAndUpdate DuplicateKey error is accessible"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "4.2" # SERVER-37124
+    operations:
+      - name: createIndex
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          keys: { x: 1 }
+          unique: true
+      - name: findOneAndUpdate
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          filter: { _id: 2 }
+          update: { $set: { x: "foo" } }
+          upsert: true
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: 11000 # DuplicateKey
+          errorResponse:
+            keyPattern: { x: 1 }
+            keyValue: { x: "foo" }
+
+  - description: "findOneAndUpdate document validation errInfo is accessible"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "5.0"
+    operations:
+      - name: modifyCollection
+        object: *database0
+        arguments:
+          collection: *collection0Name
+          validator:
+            x: { $type: "string" }
+      - name: findOneAndUpdate
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          filter: { _id: 1 }
+          update: { $set: { x: 1 } }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: 121 # DocumentValidationFailure
+          errorResponse:
+            # Avoid asserting the exact contents of errInfo as it may vary by
+            # server version. Likewise, this is why drivers do not model the
+            # document. The following is sufficient to test that validation
+            # details are accessible. See SERVER-20547 for more context.
+            errInfo:
+              failingDocumentId: 1
+              details: { $$type: "object" }
diff --git a/test/spec/crud/unified/insertOne-errorResponse.json b/test/spec/crud/unified/insertOne-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04ea6a7451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/crud/unified/insertOne-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+{
+  "description": "insertOne-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0",
+        "useMultipleMongoses": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "crud-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "insert operations support errorResponse assertions",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.0.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "single",
+            "replicaset"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.2.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "sharded"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "failPoint",
+          "object": "testRunner",
+          "arguments": {
+            "client": "client0",
+            "failPoint": {
+              "configureFailPoint": "failCommand",
+              "mode": {
+                "times": 1
+              },
+              "data": {
+                "failCommands": [
+                  "insert"
+                ],
+                "errorCode": 8
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "insertOne",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "document": {
+              "_id": 1
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 8,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "code": 8
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/test/spec/crud/unified/insertOne-errorResponse.yml b/test/spec/crud/unified/insertOne-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b14caa1737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/crud/unified/insertOne-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+description: "insertOne-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+      useMultipleMongoses: false
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name crud-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+tests:
+  # Some drivers may still need to skip this test because the CRUD spec does not
+  # prescribe how drivers should formulate a WriteException beyond collecting a
+  # write or write concern error.
+  - description: "insert operations support errorResponse assertions"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "4.0.0"
+        topologies: [ single, replicaset ]
+      - minServerVersion: "4.2.0"
+        topologies: [ sharded ]
+    operations:
+      - name: failPoint
+        object: testRunner
+        arguments:
+          client: *client0
+          failPoint:
+            configureFailPoint: failCommand
+            mode: { times: 1 }
+            data:
+              failCommands: [ insert ]
+              errorCode: &errorCode 8 # UnknownError
+      - name: insertOne
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          document: { _id: 1 }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: *errorCode
+          errorResponse:
+            code: *errorCode
diff --git a/test/spec/crud/unified/updateOne-errorResponse.json b/test/spec/crud/unified/updateOne-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ceddbc4fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/crud/unified/updateOne-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+{
+  "description": "updateOne-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0",
+        "useMultipleMongoses": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "crud-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "update operations support errorResponse assertions",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.0.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "single",
+            "replicaset"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.2.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "sharded"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "failPoint",
+          "object": "testRunner",
+          "arguments": {
+            "client": "client0",
+            "failPoint": {
+              "configureFailPoint": "failCommand",
+              "mode": {
+                "times": 1
+              },
+              "data": {
+                "failCommands": [
+                  "update"
+                ],
+                "errorCode": 8
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "updateOne",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "filter": {
+              "_id": 1
+            },
+            "update": {
+              "$set": {
+                "x": 1
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 8,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "code": 8
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/test/spec/crud/unified/updateOne-errorResponse.yml b/test/spec/crud/unified/updateOne-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d42195b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/crud/unified/updateOne-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+description: "updateOne-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+      useMultipleMongoses: false
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name crud-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+tests:
+  # Some drivers may still need to skip this test because the CRUD spec does not
+  # prescribe how drivers should formulate a WriteException beyond collecting a
+  # write or write concern error.
+  - description: "update operations support errorResponse assertions"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "4.0.0"
+        topologies: [ single, replicaset ]
+      - minServerVersion: "4.2.0"
+        topologies: [ sharded ]
+    operations:
+      - name: failPoint
+        object: testRunner
+        arguments:
+          client: *client0
+          failPoint:
+            configureFailPoint: failCommand
+            mode: { times: 1 }
+            data:
+              failCommands: [ update ]
+              errorCode: &errorCode 8 # UnknownError
+      - name: updateOne
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          filter: { _id: 1 }
+          update: { $set: { x: 1 } }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: *errorCode
+          errorResponse:
+            code: *errorCode
diff --git a/test/spec/unified-test-format/invalid/expectedError-errorResponse-type.json b/test/spec/unified-test-format/invalid/expectedError-errorResponse-type.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6eb66d9b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/unified-test-format/invalid/expectedError-errorResponse-type.json
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "description": "expectedError-errorResponse-type",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "foo",
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "foo",
+          "object": "client0",
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorResponse": 0
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/test/spec/unified-test-format/invalid/expectedError-errorResponse-type.yml b/test/spec/unified-test-format/invalid/expectedError-errorResponse-type.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e63f6ce892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/unified-test-format/invalid/expectedError-errorResponse-type.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+description: "expectedError-errorResponse-type"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 "client0"
+
+tests:
+  - description: "foo"
+    operations:
+      - name: "foo"
+        object: *client0
+        expectError:
+          errorResponse: 0
diff --git a/test/spec/unified-test-format/valid-pass/expectedError-errorResponse.json b/test/spec/unified-test-format/valid-pass/expectedError-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..177b1baf56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/unified-test-format/valid-pass/expectedError-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{
+  "description": "expectedError-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "test"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "coll0"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "Unsupported command",
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "runCommand",
+          "object": "database0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "commandName": "unsupportedCommand",
+            "command": {
+              "unsupportedCommand": 1
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "errmsg": {
+                "$$type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "Unsupported query operator",
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "find",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "filter": {
+              "$unsupportedQueryOperator": 1
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "errmsg": {
+                "$$type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/test/spec/unified-test-format/valid-pass/expectedError-errorResponse.yml b/test/spec/unified-test-format/valid-pass/expectedError-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e10c25a1ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/unified-test-format/valid-pass/expectedError-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+description: "expectedError-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name test
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name coll0
+
+tests:
+  - description: "Unsupported command"
+    operations:
+      - name: runCommand
+        object: *database0
+        arguments:
+          commandName: unsupportedCommand
+          command: { unsupportedCommand: 1 }
+        expectError:
+          # Avoid asserting the exact error since it may vary by server version
+          errorResponse:
+            errmsg: { $$type: "string" }
+
+  - description: "Unsupported query operator"
+    operations:
+      - name: find
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          filter: { $unsupportedQueryOperator: 1 }
+        expectError:
+          # Avoid asserting the exact error since it may vary by server version
+          errorResponse:
+            errmsg: { $$type: "string" }
diff --git a/test/tools/unified-spec-runner/match.ts b/test/tools/unified-spec-runner/match.ts
index 0e9ea113c8..e12062bf85 100644
--- a/test/tools/unified-spec-runner/match.ts
+++ b/test/tools/unified-spec-runner/match.ts
@@ -771,4 +771,8 @@ export function expectErrorCheck(
   if (expected.expectResult != null) {
     resultCheck(error, expected.expectResult as any, entities);
   }
+
+  if (expected.errorResponse != null) {
+    resultCheck(error, expected.errorResponse, entities);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/test/tools/unified-spec-runner/schema.ts b/test/tools/unified-spec-runner/schema.ts
index 3b3daef804..353231cb99 100644
--- a/test/tools/unified-spec-runner/schema.ts
+++ b/test/tools/unified-spec-runner/schema.ts
@@ -368,6 +368,7 @@ export interface ExpectedError {
   errorLabelsContain?: string[];
   errorLabelsOmit?: string[];
   expectResult?: unknown;
+  errorResponse?: Document;
 }
 
 export interface ExpectedLogMessage {
diff --git a/test/unit/error.test.ts b/test/unit/error.test.ts
index 678398d27e..4a9d1423a5 100644
--- a/test/unit/error.test.ts
+++ b/test/unit/error.test.ts
@@ -113,6 +113,24 @@ describe('MongoErrors', () => {
       expect(err.message).to.equal(errorMessage);
       expect(err.someData).to.equal(12345);
     });
+    context('errorResponse property', function () {
+      it(`should set errorResponse to raw results document passed in`, function () {
+        const errorDoc = { message: 'A test error', someData: 12345 };
+        const err = new MongoServerError(errorDoc);
+        expect(err).to.be.an.instanceof(Error);
+        expect(err.errorResponse).to.deep.equal(errorDoc);
+      });
+      it(`should not construct enumerated key 'errorResponse' if present`, function () {
+        const errorDoc = {
+          message: 'A test error',
+          errorResponse: 'I will not be an enumerated key'
+        };
+        const err = new MongoServerError(errorDoc);
+        expect(err).to.be.an.instanceof(Error);
+        expect(err.errorResponse).to.deep.equal(errorDoc);
+        expect(err.errorResponse?.errorResponse).to.deep.equal('I will not be an enumerated key');
+      });
+    });
   });
 
   describe('MongoNetworkError#constructor', () => {