From 237b1a8a351a20be1f397ecd7d1a1c8d8a82a7c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pablo Hoch <pablohoch@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 25 May 2023 19:16:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Indoor Routing (#35)

---
 .pkg                                          |   6 +-
 .pkg.lock                                     |   6 +-
 CMakeLists.txt                                |   1 +
 include/ppr/backend/request_parser.h          |  49 +++++
 include/ppr/backend/requests.h                |   5 +-
 include/ppr/common/area.h                     |   5 +
 include/ppr/common/data.h                     |   2 +-
 include/ppr/common/edge.h                     |   2 +
 .../common/geometry/serializable_polygon.h    |   8 +-
 include/ppr/common/mlock.h                    |  11 +-
 include/ppr/common/routing_graph.h            |  31 ++-
 include/ppr/common/timing.h                   |   2 +-
 include/ppr/output/geojson/edge_info.h        |   3 +
 include/ppr/output/geojson/graph.h            |   5 +
 include/ppr/output/json.h                     |   8 +
 .../ppr/preprocessing/int_graph/int_area.h    |  11 +
 include/ppr/preprocessing/osm/level.h         |  15 ++
 include/ppr/preprocessing/osm/parse.h         |  37 +++-
 .../ppr/preprocessing/osm_graph/osm_area.h    |   5 +
 include/ppr/preprocessing/thread_pool.h       |   3 +-
 include/ppr/routing/additional_edges.h        |  11 +-
 include/ppr/routing/costs.h                   |   3 +-
 include/ppr/routing/directed_edge.h           |  19 +-
 include/ppr/routing/input_location.h          |  45 ++++
 include/ppr/routing/input_pt.h                |  21 +-
 include/ppr/routing/label.h                   |   7 +
 include/ppr/routing/labels_to_route.h         |   3 +-
 include/ppr/routing/pareto_dijkstra.h         |   8 +-
 include/ppr/routing/route.h                   |   6 +-
 include/ppr/routing/routing_options.h         |  27 +++
 include/ppr/routing/routing_query.h           |  21 ++
 include/ppr/routing/search.h                  |   7 +-
 src/backend/http_server.cc                    |   9 +-
 src/backend/output/route_response.cc          |   4 +
 src/cmd/backend/main.cc                       |   4 +-
 src/cmd/footrouting/main.cc                   |   4 +-
 src/preprocessing/build_routing_graph.cc      |  28 +--
 src/preprocessing/osm/way_info.cc             |  10 +
 src/preprocessing/osm_graph/areas.cc          |   2 +
 src/preprocessing/osm_graph/extractor.cc      |   6 +-
 src/routing/costs.cc                          |   4 +-
 src/routing/input_areas.cc                    |   2 +-
 src/routing/input_pt.cc                       | 194 +++++++++++++-----
 src/routing/search.cc                         | 113 +++++-----
 44 files changed, 578 insertions(+), 195 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/ppr/preprocessing/osm/level.h
 create mode 100644 include/ppr/routing/input_location.h
 create mode 100644 include/ppr/routing/routing_options.h
 create mode 100644 include/ppr/routing/routing_query.h

diff --git a/.pkg b/.pkg
index dbaf5f5..a81a8c7 100644
--- a/.pkg
+++ b/.pkg
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [cista]
   url=git@github.com:felixguendling/cista.git
   branch=master
-  commit=d14b70b9f45d249d1c9a20bcc13877cc4b771188
+  commit=fce53787252d749727eddf2bfbb40c679b4306ba
 [conf]
   url=git@github.com:motis-project/conf.git
   branch=master
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@
   commit=2a557cafb2e9e7c872358a83a63c62a7e14330b3
 [unordered_dense]
   url=git@github.com:motis-project/unordered_dense.git
-  branch=master
-  commit=77e91016354e6d8cba24a86c5abb807de2534c02
+  branch=main
+  commit=4f380fb1d64f1843ca2c993ed39a8342a8747e5d
 [fmt]
   url=git@github.com:motis-project/fmt.git
   branch=master
diff --git a/.pkg.lock b/.pkg.lock
index 3ec169d..4d1be67 100644
--- a/.pkg.lock
+++ b/.pkg.lock
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-1568225318232232742
-cista d14b70b9f45d249d1c9a20bcc13877cc4b771188
+6314464215482173470
+cista fce53787252d749727eddf2bfbb40c679b4306ba
 zlib fe8e13ffca867612951bc6baf114e5ac8b00f305
 boost be5235eb2258d2ec19e32546ab767a62311d9b46
 conf aab49490c6b77027938b74265f386144364aa266
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ libressl 390253a44ceef00eb620c38606588414326e9f23
 net 44674d2f3917e20b7019a0f7254d332522c36fb7
 protozero 8c9f3fa97c2cfdceef86d0b61818ae98e9328f29
 rapidjson e4a599d2b5dec065b1ea2af5d8dac52baa9df5f5
-unordered_dense 77e91016354e6d8cba24a86c5abb807de2534c02
+unordered_dense 4f380fb1d64f1843ca2c993ed39a8342a8747e5d
 Catch2 47d56f28a9801911c048d011b375e5631dbb658f
 utl 3d3b9f2d45fd6e864cfda0b32a924e8d445c8b69
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 6a70727..78de293 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ target_link_libraries(ppr-common
   boost
   utl
   cista
+  unordered_dense
 )
 target_compile_features(ppr-common PUBLIC cxx_std_20)
 set_target_properties(ppr-common PROPERTIES CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
diff --git a/include/ppr/backend/request_parser.h b/include/ppr/backend/request_parser.h
index fd5ad78..e44345c 100644
--- a/include/ppr/backend/request_parser.h
+++ b/include/ppr/backend/request_parser.h
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
+#include <string_view>
+
 #include "rapidjson/document.h"
 
+#include "utl/verify.h"
+
 #include "ppr/common/location.h"
+#include "ppr/routing/input_location.h"
 
 #include "ppr/profiles/parse_search_profile.h"
 
@@ -19,6 +24,21 @@ inline void get_waypoints(std::vector<location>& waypoints,
   }
 }
 
+inline ppr::routing::osm_namespace parse_osm_namespace(
+    rapidjson::Value const& val) {
+  using ppr::routing::osm_namespace;
+  auto const sv = std::string_view{val.GetString(), val.GetStringLength()};
+  if (sv == "node") {
+    return osm_namespace::NODE;
+  } else if (sv == "way") {
+    return osm_namespace::WAY;
+  } else if (sv == "relation") {
+    return osm_namespace::RELATION;
+  } else {
+    throw utl::fail("invalid osm type in request: {}", sv);
+  }
+}
+
 inline void get_location(location& loc, rapidjson::Value const& doc,
                          char const* key) {
   if (doc.HasMember(key)) {
@@ -34,6 +54,35 @@ inline void get_location(location& loc, rapidjson::Value const& doc,
   }
 }
 
+inline void get_input_location(ppr::routing::input_location& loc,
+                               rapidjson::Value const& doc, char const* key) {
+  if (doc.HasMember(key)) {
+    auto const& val = doc[key];
+    if (val.IsObject()) {
+      auto const& lng = val.FindMember("lng");
+      auto const& lat = val.FindMember("lat");
+      if (lng != val.MemberEnd() && lat != val.MemberEnd() &&
+          lng->value.IsNumber() && lat->value.IsNumber()) {
+        loc.location_ =
+            make_location(lng->value.GetDouble(), lat->value.GetDouble());
+      }
+
+      auto const& osm_id = val.FindMember("osm_id");
+      auto const& osm_type = val.FindMember("osm_type");
+      if (osm_id != val.MemberEnd() && osm_type != val.MemberEnd() &&
+          osm_id->value.IsNumber() && osm_type->value.IsString()) {
+        loc.osm_element_ = ppr::routing::osm_element{
+            osm_id->value.GetInt64(), parse_osm_namespace(osm_type->value)};
+      }
+
+      auto const& level = val.FindMember("level");
+      if (level != val.MemberEnd() && level->value.IsNumber()) {
+        loc.level_ = static_cast<int>(level->value.GetDouble() * 10.0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 inline void get_profile(ppr::routing::search_profile& profile,
                         rapidjson::Value const& doc, char const* key) {
   if (doc.HasMember(key)) {
diff --git a/include/ppr/backend/requests.h b/include/ppr/backend/requests.h
index fcd5ca8..98c8e3a 100644
--- a/include/ppr/backend/requests.h
+++ b/include/ppr/backend/requests.h
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "ppr/common/location.h"
+#include "ppr/routing/input_location.h"
 #include "ppr/routing/search_profile.h"
 
 namespace ppr::backend {
 
 struct route_request {
-  location start_;
-  location destination_;
+  ppr::routing::input_location start_;
+  ppr::routing::input_location destination_;
   ppr::routing::search_profile profile_;
   bool include_infos_{};
   bool include_full_path_{};
diff --git a/include/ppr/common/area.h b/include/ppr/common/area.h
index 225d75b..6839436 100644
--- a/include/ppr/common/area.h
+++ b/include/ppr/common/area.h
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "boost/geometry/algorithms/for_each.hpp"
 #include "boost/geometry/geometries/register/point.hpp"
 
 #include "ppr/common/data.h"
+#include "ppr/common/edge.h"
 #include "ppr/common/geometry/polygon.h"
 #include "ppr/common/geometry/serializable_polygon.h"
 #include "ppr/common/matrix.h"
@@ -86,14 +88,17 @@ struct area {
   }
 
   std::uint32_t id_{0};
+  edge_info_idx_t edge_info_{};
   polygon_t polygon_;
   names_idx_t name_{};
   std::int64_t osm_id_{0};
   bool from_way_{false};
+  std::int16_t level_{};
   matrix<double, uint16_t> dist_matrix_;
   matrix<uint16_t, uint16_t> next_matrix_;
   data::vector<uint16_t> exit_nodes_;
   data::vector<std::uint32_t> adjacent_areas_;
+  location center_{};
 };
 
 inline merc get_merc(area::point const& pt) { return to_merc(pt.location_); }
diff --git a/include/ppr/common/data.h b/include/ppr/common/data.h
index 0978712..cc2d907 100644
--- a/include/ppr/common/data.h
+++ b/include/ppr/common/data.h
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@
 
 namespace ppr {
 
-namespace data = cista::offset;
+namespace data = cista::offset;  // NOLINT(misc-unused-alias-decls)
 
 }  // namespace ppr
diff --git a/include/ppr/common/edge.h b/include/ppr/common/edge.h
index 29ad030..6ef21bf 100644
--- a/include/ppr/common/edge.h
+++ b/include/ppr/common/edge.h
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ struct edge_info {
   wheelchair_type::wheelchair_type wheelchair_ : 2;
   std::uint8_t step_count_{};
   std::int32_t marked_crossing_detour_{};
+  std::int16_t level_{};  // stored as level * 10
 };
 
 inline edge_info make_edge_info(std::int64_t osm_way_id, edge_type type,
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ inline edge_info make_edge_info(std::int64_t osm_way_id, edge_type type,
                    tri_state::UNKNOWN,
                    wheelchair_type::UNKNOWN,
                    0,
+                   0,
                    0};
 }
 
diff --git a/include/ppr/common/geometry/serializable_polygon.h b/include/ppr/common/geometry/serializable_polygon.h
index 0ad59b8..a8c09f8 100644
--- a/include/ppr/common/geometry/serializable_polygon.h
+++ b/include/ppr/common/geometry/serializable_polygon.h
@@ -55,9 +55,7 @@ inline double distance(Location const& loc,
 
 BOOST_GEOMETRY_REGISTER_RING_TEMPLATED(ppr::ring)
 
-namespace boost {
-namespace geometry {
-namespace traits {
+namespace boost::geometry::traits {
 
 template <typename Point>
 struct tag<ppr::serializable_polygon<Point>> {
@@ -120,6 +118,4 @@ struct closure<ppr::data::vector<Point>> {
   static const closure_selector value = closed;
 };
 
-}  // namespace traits
-}  // namespace geometry
-}  // namespace boost
+}  // namespace boost::geometry::traits
diff --git a/include/ppr/common/mlock.h b/include/ppr/common/mlock.h
index 638f568..8fa50f6 100644
--- a/include/ppr/common/mlock.h
+++ b/include/ppr/common/mlock.h
@@ -16,20 +16,21 @@ namespace ppr {
 
 inline bool lock_memory(void* addr, std::size_t len) {
   HANDLE proc = GetCurrentProcess();
-  SIZE_T min_size, max_size;
-  if (!GetProcessWorkingSetSize(proc, &min_size, &max_size)) {
+  SIZE_T min_size = 0;
+  SIZE_T max_size = 0;
+  if (GetProcessWorkingSetSize(proc, &min_size, &max_size) == FALSE) {
     return false;
   }
   min_size += static_cast<SIZE_T>(len);
   max_size += static_cast<SIZE_T>(len);
-  if (!SetProcessWorkingSetSize(proc, min_size, max_size)) {
+  if (SetProcessWorkingSetSize(proc, min_size, max_size) == FALSE) {
     return false;
   }
-  return VirtualLock(addr, len);
+  return VirtualLock(addr, len) != FALSE;
 }
 
 inline bool unlock_memory(void* addr, std::size_t len) {
-  return VirtualUnlock(addr, len);
+  return VirtualUnlock(addr, len) != FALSE;
 }
 
 }  // namespace ppr
diff --git a/include/ppr/common/routing_graph.h b/include/ppr/common/routing_graph.h
index 85debd2..bf72351 100644
--- a/include/ppr/common/routing_graph.h
+++ b/include/ppr/common/routing_graph.h
@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include "ankerl/unordered_dense.h"
+
 #include "boost/geometry/geometries/geometries.hpp"
 #include "boost/geometry/geometries/point_xy.hpp"
 #include "boost/geometry/geometry.hpp"
@@ -44,6 +47,11 @@ struct rg_edge {
   std::uint32_t edge_index_;
 };
 
+struct osm_index {
+  ankerl::unordered_dense::map<std::int64_t, std::uint32_t> ways_to_areas_;
+  ankerl::unordered_dense::map<std::int64_t, std::uint32_t> relations_to_areas_;
+};
+
 enum class rtree_options { DEFAULT, PREFETCH, LOCK };
 
 template <typename Value>
@@ -94,7 +102,7 @@ struct rtree_data {
       for (std::size_t i = 0U; i < file_.get_size(); i += 4096) {
         c += base[i];
       }
-      volatile char cs = c;
+      volatile char cs = c;  // NOLINT
       (void)cs;
     }
   }
@@ -119,9 +127,8 @@ struct routing_graph {
 
   routing_graph() : data_{cista::raw::make_unique<routing_graph_data>()} {}
 
-  routing_graph(cista::wrapped<routing_graph_data>&& data,
-                std::string const& filename)
-      : data_{std::move(data)}, filename_{filename} {}
+  routing_graph(cista::wrapped<routing_graph_data>&& data, std::string filename)
+      : data_{std::move(data)}, filename_{std::move(filename)} {}
 
   void create_in_edges() {
     for (auto& n : data_->nodes_) {
@@ -139,6 +146,7 @@ struct routing_graph {
                            rtree_options rtree_opt) {
     create_edge_rtree(edge_rtree_file, edge_rtree_size, rtree_opt);
     create_area_rtree(area_rtree_file, area_rtree_size, rtree_opt);
+    create_osm_index();
   }
 
   void prepare_for_routing(std::size_t edge_rtree_size = 1024UL * 1024 * 1024 *
@@ -212,6 +220,18 @@ struct routing_graph {
     }
   }
 
+  void create_osm_index() {
+    osm_index_ptr_ = std::make_unique<osm_index>();
+    osm_index_ = osm_index_ptr_.get();
+    for (auto const& a : data_->areas_) {
+      if (a.from_way_) {
+        osm_index_->ways_to_areas_[a.osm_id_] = a.id_;
+      } else {
+        osm_index_->relations_to_areas_[a.osm_id_] = a.id_;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
 public:
   cista::wrapped<routing_graph_data> data_;
 
@@ -219,6 +239,9 @@ struct routing_graph {
 
   rtree_data<edge_rtree_value_type> edge_rtree_;
   rtree_data<area_rtree_value_type> area_rtree_;
+
+  osm_index* osm_index_{};
+  std::unique_ptr<osm_index> osm_index_ptr_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace ppr
diff --git a/include/ppr/common/timing.h b/include/ppr/common/timing.h
index 32b1634..4df46e7 100644
--- a/include/ppr/common/timing.h
+++ b/include/ppr/common/timing.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ inline double ms_since(
 }
 
 inline void print_timing(std::ostream& out, char const* name, double duration) {
-  boost::io::ios_all_saver all_saver(out);
+  boost::io::ios_all_saver const all_saver(out);
   out << std::setfill('.') << std::setw(60) << std::left << name
       << std::setw(10) << std::right << duration << " ms" << std::endl;
 }
diff --git a/include/ppr/output/geojson/edge_info.h b/include/ppr/output/geojson/edge_info.h
index 71add96..dee0f89 100644
--- a/include/ppr/output/geojson/edge_info.h
+++ b/include/ppr/output/geojson/edge_info.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "rapidjson/rapidjson.h"
 
 #include "ppr/common/routing_graph.h"
+#include "ppr/output/json.h"
 
 namespace ppr::output::geojson {
 
@@ -205,6 +206,8 @@ void write_edge_info(routing_graph_data const& rg, Writer& writer,
 
   writer.String("marked_crossing_detour");
   writer.Int(info->marked_crossing_detour_);
+
+  write_level(writer, info->level_);
 }
 
 }  // namespace ppr::output::geojson
diff --git a/include/ppr/output/geojson/graph.h b/include/ppr/output/geojson/graph.h
index cb00bf4..0d8b624 100644
--- a/include/ppr/output/geojson/graph.h
+++ b/include/ppr/output/geojson/graph.h
@@ -5,8 +5,11 @@
 #include "rapidjson/rapidjson.h"
 
 #include "ppr/common/routing_graph.h"
+
 #include "ppr/output/geojson/base.h"
 #include "ppr/output/geojson/edge_info.h"
+#include "ppr/output/json.h"
+
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/osm_graph/osm_graph.h"
 
 namespace ppr::output::geojson {
@@ -97,6 +100,8 @@ void write_area_properties(routing_graph_data const& rg, Writer& writer,
     writer.String("");
   }
 
+  write_level(writer, a.level_);
+
   writer.String("from_way");
   writer.Bool(a.from_way_);
 
diff --git a/include/ppr/output/json.h b/include/ppr/output/json.h
index d4feaa0..2ebf041 100644
--- a/include/ppr/output/json.h
+++ b/include/ppr/output/json.h
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
+
 #include "ppr/common/tri_state.h"
 
 namespace ppr::output {
@@ -21,4 +23,10 @@ void write_tri_state(Writer& writer, tri_state::tri_state tri) {
   }
 }
 
+template <typename Writer>
+void write_level(Writer& writer, std::int16_t level) {
+  writer.String("level");
+  writer.Double(static_cast<double>(level) / 10.0);
+}
+
 }  // namespace ppr::output
diff --git a/include/ppr/preprocessing/int_graph/int_area.h b/include/ppr/preprocessing/int_graph/int_area.h
index 281e05a..0b33957 100644
--- a/include/ppr/preprocessing/int_graph/int_area.h
+++ b/include/ppr/preprocessing/int_graph/int_area.h
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <type_traits>
 
+#include "boost/geometry/algorithms/centroid.hpp"
+
 #include "ppr/common/names.h"
 #include "ppr/common/routing_graph.h"
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/int_graph/int_node.h"
@@ -26,9 +29,11 @@ struct int_area_point {
 struct int_area {
   explicit int_area(osm_area const& oa)
       : id_(oa.id_),
+        edge_info_(oa.edge_info_),
         name_(oa.name_),
         osm_id_(oa.osm_id_),
         from_way_(oa.from_way_),
+        level_(oa.level_),
         dist_matrix_(oa.dist_matrix_),
         next_matrix_(oa.next_matrix_),
         exit_nodes_(oa.exit_nodes_),
@@ -77,22 +82,28 @@ struct int_area {
                    });
 
     a.id_ = id_;
+    a.edge_info_ = edge_info_;
     a.name_ = name_;
     a.osm_id_ = osm_id_;
     a.from_way_ = from_way_;
+    a.level_ = level_;
     a.dist_matrix_ = dist_matrix_;
     a.next_matrix_ = next_matrix_;
     a.exit_nodes_ = exit_nodes_;
     a.adjacent_areas_ = adjacent_areas_;
+    a.center_ = to_location(
+        boost::geometry::return_centroid<merc>(a.get_outer_polygon()));
     return a;
   }
 
   std::uint32_t id_;
+  edge_info_idx_t edge_info_;
   std::vector<int_area_point> outer_;
   std::vector<std::vector<int_area_point>> inner_;
   names_idx_t name_;
   std::int64_t osm_id_;
   bool from_way_;
+  std::int16_t level_{};
   matrix<double, uint16_t> dist_matrix_;
   matrix<uint16_t, uint16_t> next_matrix_;
   data::vector<uint16_t> exit_nodes_;
diff --git a/include/ppr/preprocessing/osm/level.h b/include/ppr/preprocessing/osm/level.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d182f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ppr/preprocessing/osm/level.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "osmium/osm/tag.hpp"
+
+#include "ppr/preprocessing/osm/parse.h"
+
+namespace ppr::preprocessing::osm {
+
+inline std::int16_t get_level(osmium::TagList const& tags) {
+  return static_cast<std::int16_t>(parse_float(tags["level"]) * 10.0F);
+}
+
+}  // namespace ppr::preprocessing::osm
diff --git a/include/ppr/preprocessing/osm/parse.h b/include/ppr/preprocessing/osm/parse.h
index cf19ce7..85dd4fb 100644
--- a/include/ppr/preprocessing/osm/parse.h
+++ b/include/ppr/preprocessing/osm/parse.h
@@ -1,21 +1,44 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <string>
+#include <charconv>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <locale>
+#include <sstream>
 
 namespace ppr::preprocessing::osm {
 
-inline int parse_int(char const* str, int def = 0) {
+template <typename T>
+inline T parse_number(char const* str, T const def = 0.0F,
+                      bool const accept_partial_match = true) {
   if (str == nullptr) {
     return def;
   }
-  try {
-    if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(str[0]))) {
-      return std::stoi(str);
-    }
+  auto const len = std::strlen(str);
+  auto value = def;
+  auto const result = std::from_chars(str, str + len, value);
+  if (result.ec == std::errc{} &&
+      (accept_partial_match || result.ptr == str + len)) {
+    return value;
+  } else {
     return def;
-  } catch (...) {
+  }
+}
+
+inline int parse_int(char const* str, int const def = 0,
+                     bool const accept_partial_match = true) {
+  return parse_number(str, def, accept_partial_match);
+}
+
+inline float parse_float(char const* str, float const def = 0) {
+  if (str == nullptr) {
     return def;
   }
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss.imbue(std::locale::classic());
+  auto val = def;
+  ss << str;
+  ss >> val;
+  return ss ? val : def;
 }
 
 double parse_length(char const* str, double def = 0.0);
diff --git a/include/ppr/preprocessing/osm_graph/osm_area.h b/include/ppr/preprocessing/osm_graph/osm_area.h
index bbf9a38..5e26f71 100644
--- a/include/ppr/preprocessing/osm_graph/osm_area.h
+++ b/include/ppr/preprocessing/osm_graph/osm_area.h
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <algorithm>
 
 #include "ankerl/unordered_dense.h"
 
+#include "ppr/common/edge.h"
 #include "ppr/common/geometry/polygon.h"
 #include "ppr/common/matrix.h"
 #include "ppr/common/names.h"
+
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/osm_graph/osm_node.h"
 
 namespace ppr::preprocessing {
@@ -62,11 +65,13 @@ struct osm_area {
   }
 
   std::uint32_t id_{0};
+  edge_info_idx_t edge_info_{};
   std::vector<osm_node*> outer_;
   std::vector<std::vector<osm_node*>> inner_;
   names_idx_t name_{};
   std::int64_t osm_id_{0};
   bool from_way_{false};
+  std::int16_t level_{};
   matrix<double, uint16_t> dist_matrix_;
   matrix<uint16_t, uint16_t> next_matrix_;
   data::vector<uint16_t> exit_nodes_;
diff --git a/include/ppr/preprocessing/thread_pool.h b/include/ppr/preprocessing/thread_pool.h
index 0719877..7bd5ff2 100644
--- a/include/ppr/preprocessing/thread_pool.h
+++ b/include/ppr/preprocessing/thread_pool.h
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ namespace ppr::preprocessing {
 struct thread_pool {
   explicit thread_pool(
       unsigned num_threads = std::thread::hardware_concurrency())
-      : ios_(),
-        work_(std::make_unique<boost::asio::io_service::work>(ios_)),
+      : work_(std::make_unique<boost::asio::io_service::work>(ios_)),
         threads_(num_threads) {
     for (auto& t : threads_) {
       t = std::thread([ios = &ios_] { ios->run(); });
diff --git a/include/ppr/routing/additional_edges.h b/include/ppr/routing/additional_edges.h
index 4d298b9..57f35df 100644
--- a/include/ppr/routing/additional_edges.h
+++ b/include/ppr/routing/additional_edges.h
@@ -13,21 +13,24 @@ struct additional_edges {
     return nodes_.back().get();
   }
 
-  void connect(node* a, node* b) {
+  void connect(node* a, node* b, edge_info_idx_t const edge_info) {
     auto const d = distance(a->location_, b->location_);
-    edges_.emplace_back(std::make_unique<edge>(make_edge(edge_info_, a, b, d)));
+    edges_.emplace_back(std::make_unique<edge>(make_edge(edge_info, a, b, d)));
     auto const* a_to_b = edges_.back().get();
-    edges_.emplace_back(std::make_unique<edge>(make_edge(edge_info_, b, a, d)));
+    edges_.emplace_back(std::make_unique<edge>(make_edge(edge_info, b, a, d)));
     auto const* b_to_a = edges_.back().get();
     edge_map_[a].push_back(b_to_a);
     edge_map_[b].push_back(a_to_b);
   }
 
+  void connect(node* a, node* b) { connect(a, b, default_edge_info_); }
+
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<node>> nodes_;
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<edge>> edges_;
   ankerl::unordered_dense::map<node const*, std::vector<edge const*>> edge_map_;
   ankerl::unordered_dense::map<area const*, std::vector<node*>> area_nodes_;
-  edge_info_idx_t edge_info_{0};  // edge info created during preprocessing
+  edge_info_idx_t default_edge_info_{
+      0};  // edge info created during preprocessing
 };
 
 }  // namespace ppr::routing
diff --git a/include/ppr/routing/costs.h b/include/ppr/routing/costs.h
index 484b2a7..ffb0617 100644
--- a/include/ppr/routing/costs.h
+++ b/include/ppr/routing/costs.h
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ struct edge_costs {
   bool allowed_{false};
 };
 
-edge_costs get_edge_costs(routing_graph_data const& rg, edge const* e, bool fwd,
+edge_costs get_edge_costs(routing_graph_data const& rg, edge const* e,
+                          edge_info const* info, bool fwd,
                           search_profile const& profile);
 
 }  // namespace ppr::routing
diff --git a/include/ppr/routing/directed_edge.h b/include/ppr/routing/directed_edge.h
index 30c2a02..c26c497 100644
--- a/include/ppr/routing/directed_edge.h
+++ b/include/ppr/routing/directed_edge.h
@@ -6,14 +6,6 @@
 namespace ppr::routing {
 
 struct directed_edge {
-  directed_edge() = default;
-
-  directed_edge(edge const* edge, edge_costs const& costs, bool fwd)
-      : edge_(edge), costs_(costs), fwd_(fwd) {}
-
-  directed_edge(edge const* edge, edge_costs&& costs, bool fwd)
-      : edge_(edge), costs_(costs), fwd_(fwd) {}
-
   node const* from(routing_graph_data const& rg) const {
     return fwd_ ? edge_->from(rg) : edge_->to(rg);
   }
@@ -38,11 +30,16 @@ struct directed_edge {
     return fwd_ ? edge_->elevation_down_ : edge_->elevation_up_;
   }
 
-  bool incline_up(routing_graph_data const& rg) const {
-    return fwd_ == edge_->info(rg)->incline_up_;  // NOLINT
+  bool incline_up() const {
+    return fwd_ == static_cast<bool>(edge_info_->incline_up_);
   }
 
-  edge const* edge_{nullptr};
+  std::uint16_t level() const { return edge_info_->level_; }
+
+  bool in_area() const { return edge_info_->area_; }
+
+  edge const* edge_{};
+  edge_info const* edge_info_{};
   edge_costs costs_;
   bool fwd_{true};
 };
diff --git a/include/ppr/routing/input_location.h b/include/ppr/routing/input_location.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf29a44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ppr/routing/input_location.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "ppr/common/location.h"
+
+namespace ppr::routing {
+
+enum class osm_namespace : std::uint8_t { NODE, WAY, RELATION };
+
+struct osm_element {
+  std::int64_t id_{};
+  osm_namespace type_{osm_namespace::NODE};
+};
+
+struct input_location {
+  inline bool allows_expansion() const { return expanded_max_distance_ != 0; }
+
+  inline bool valid() const {
+    return (location_ && location_->valid()) ||
+           (osm_element_ && (osm_element_->type_ == osm_namespace::WAY ||
+                             osm_element_->type_ == osm_namespace::RELATION));
+  }
+
+  // at least one of the following must be set:
+  std::optional<location> location_;
+  std::optional<osm_element> osm_element_;
+
+  std::optional<int> level_;  // stored as level * 10
+
+  // max allowed distance to matched point in routing graph in meters:
+  double initial_max_distance_{200};
+  // if expanded != 0 and no results are found, a second pass is
+  // done with this max distance:
+  double expanded_max_distance_{300};
+};
+
+inline input_location make_input_location(location const& loc) {
+  input_location il;
+  il.location_ = loc;
+  return il;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ppr::routing
diff --git a/include/ppr/routing/input_pt.h b/include/ppr/routing/input_pt.h
index a46d6cf..f150b2e 100644
--- a/include/ppr/routing/input_pt.h
+++ b/include/ppr/routing/input_pt.h
@@ -1,28 +1,33 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "ppr/common/routing_graph.h"
+#include "ppr/routing/input_location.h"
+#include "ppr/routing/routing_options.h"
 
 namespace ppr::routing {
 
 struct input_pt {
   input_pt() = default;
 
-  input_pt(location input, location nearest_pt, edge const* nearest_edge,
-           data::vector<location>&& from_path, data::vector<location>&& to_path)
+  input_pt(routing_graph_data const& rg, location input, location nearest_pt,
+           edge const* nearest_edge, data::vector<location>&& from_path,
+           data::vector<location>&& to_path)
       : input_(input),
         nearest_pt_(nearest_pt),
         nearest_edge_(nearest_edge),
         in_area_(nullptr),
         outside_of_area_(false),
         from_path_(std::move(from_path)),
-        to_path_(std::move(to_path)) {}
+        to_path_(std::move(to_path)),
+        level_(nearest_edge->info(rg)->level_) {}
 
   explicit input_pt(location input, area const* in_area = nullptr)
       : input_(input),
         nearest_pt_(input),
         nearest_edge_(nullptr),
         in_area_(in_area),
-        outside_of_area_(false) {}
+        outside_of_area_(false),
+        level_(in_area != nullptr ? in_area->level_ : 0) {}
 
   explicit operator bool() const {
     return nearest_edge_ != nullptr || in_area_ != nullptr;
@@ -35,10 +40,12 @@ struct input_pt {
   bool outside_of_area_{false};
   data::vector<location> from_path_;
   data::vector<location> to_path_;
+  std::int16_t level_{};
 };
 
-std::vector<input_pt> nearest_points(routing_graph const& g,
-                                     location const& loc, unsigned max_query,
-                                     unsigned max_count, double max_dist);
+std::vector<input_pt> resolve_input_location(routing_graph const& g,
+                                             input_location const& il,
+                                             routing_options const& opt,
+                                             bool const expanded);
 
 }  // namespace ppr::routing
diff --git a/include/ppr/routing/label.h b/include/ppr/routing/label.h
index 19ef414..6e7a73f 100644
--- a/include/ppr/routing/label.h
+++ b/include/ppr/routing/label.h
@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ struct label {
       return false;
     }
 
+    if (edge_.level() != e.level()) {
+      // don't allow crossing between areas with different levels
+      if (edge_.in_area() && e.in_area()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
     l.pred_ = this;
     l.edge_ = e;
     l.dominated_ = dominated_;
diff --git a/include/ppr/routing/labels_to_route.h b/include/ppr/routing/labels_to_route.h
index b44ff6e..a41632a 100644
--- a/include/ppr/routing/labels_to_route.h
+++ b/include/ppr/routing/labels_to_route.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ route::edge to_route_edge(Label const* label, routing_graph_data const& rg) {
   re.oneway_street_ = ei->oneway_street_;
   re.oneway_foot_ = !(ei->allow_fwd_ && ei->allow_bwd_);
   re.area_ = ei->area_;
-  re.incline_up_ = de.incline_up(rg);
+  re.incline_up_ = de.incline_up();
   re.handrail_ = ei->handrail_;
   re.wheelchair_ = ei->wheelchair_;
   re.step_count_ = ei->step_count_;
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ route::edge to_route_edge(Label const* label, routing_graph_data const& rg) {
   re.to_node_osm_id_ = de.to(rg)->osm_id_;
   assert(re.elevation_up_ >= 0);
   assert(re.elevation_down_ >= 0);
+  re.level_ = ei->level_;
   return re;
 }
 
diff --git a/include/ppr/routing/pareto_dijkstra.h b/include/ppr/routing/pareto_dijkstra.h
index 5d3744d..69f0468 100644
--- a/include/ppr/routing/pareto_dijkstra.h
+++ b/include/ppr/routing/pareto_dijkstra.h
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 #include "ppr/routing/search_profile.h"
 #include "ppr/routing/statistics.h"
 
-namespace bg = boost::geometry;
-
 namespace ppr::routing {
 
 template <typename Label>
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ struct pareto_dijkstra {
   }
 
   void search() {
-    if (goals_.empty()) {
+    if (start_nodes_.empty() || goals_.empty()) {
       return;
     }
 
@@ -169,7 +167,9 @@ struct pareto_dijkstra {
   }
 
   directed_edge make_directed_edge(edge const* e, bool fwd) {
-    return {e, get_edge_costs(rg_, e, reverse_search_ ? !fwd : fwd, profile_),
+    auto const* ei = e->info(rg_);
+    return {e, ei,
+            get_edge_costs(rg_, e, ei, reverse_search_ ? !fwd : fwd, profile_),
             fwd};
   }
 
diff --git a/include/ppr/routing/route.h b/include/ppr/routing/route.h
index ddc3560..3b494f2 100644
--- a/include/ppr/routing/route.h
+++ b/include/ppr/routing/route.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -29,11 +30,12 @@ struct route {
     bool incline_up_{false};
     tri_state::tri_state handrail_{tri_state::UNKNOWN};
     wheelchair_type::wheelchair_type wheelchair_{wheelchair_type::UNKNOWN};
-    uint8_t step_count_{0};
-    int32_t marked_crossing_detour_{0};
+    std::uint8_t step_count_{0};
+    std::int32_t marked_crossing_detour_{0};
     side_type side_{side_type::CENTER};
     elevation_diff_t elevation_up_{0};
     elevation_diff_t elevation_down_{0};
+    std::int16_t level_{};
     std::int64_t from_node_osm_id_{};
     std::int64_t to_node_osm_id_{};
   };
diff --git a/include/ppr/routing/routing_options.h b/include/ppr/routing/routing_options.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..524325c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ppr/routing/routing_options.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace ppr::routing {
+
+struct routing_options {
+  inline unsigned max_pt_query(bool const expanded) const {
+    return expanded ? expanded_max_pt_query_ : initial_max_pt_query_;
+  }
+
+  inline unsigned max_pt_count(bool const expanded) const {
+    return expanded ? expanded_max_pt_count_ : initial_max_pt_count_;
+  }
+
+  bool allow_expansion_{true};
+  bool allow_osm_id_expansion_{true};
+
+  bool force_level_match_{false};
+  double level_dist_penalty_{50 * 50};
+
+  unsigned initial_max_pt_query_{10};
+  unsigned initial_max_pt_count_{1};
+
+  unsigned expanded_max_pt_query_{40};
+  unsigned expanded_max_pt_count_{20};
+};
+
+}  // namespace ppr::routing
diff --git a/include/ppr/routing/routing_query.h b/include/ppr/routing/routing_query.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..913b3ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ppr/routing/routing_query.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "ppr/routing/input_location.h"
+#include "ppr/routing/routing_options.h"
+#include "ppr/routing/search_profile.h"
+
+namespace ppr::routing {
+
+enum class search_direction { FWD, BWD };
+
+struct routing_query {
+  input_location start_{};
+  std::vector<input_location> destinations_;
+  search_profile const& profile_;
+  search_direction dir_{search_direction::FWD};
+  routing_options opt_{};
+};
+
+}  // namespace ppr::routing
diff --git a/include/ppr/routing/search.h b/include/ppr/routing/search.h
index 5b3a477..06804e1 100644
--- a/include/ppr/routing/search.h
+++ b/include/ppr/routing/search.h
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "ppr/common/routing_graph.h"
+
+#include "ppr/routing/input_location.h"
 #include "ppr/routing/route.h"
+#include "ppr/routing/routing_query.h"
 #include "ppr/routing/search_profile.h"
 #include "ppr/routing/statistics.h"
 
@@ -30,12 +33,12 @@ struct search_result {
   }
 };
 
-enum class search_direction { FWD, BWD };
-
 search_result find_routes(routing_graph const& g, location const& start,
                           std::vector<location> const& destinations,
                           search_profile const& profile,
                           search_direction dir = search_direction::FWD,
                           bool allow_expansion = true);
 
+search_result find_routes_v2(routing_graph const& g, routing_query const& q);
+
 }  // namespace ppr::routing
diff --git a/src/backend/http_server.cc b/src/backend/http_server.cc
index 3db22be..1228e64 100644
--- a/src/backend/http_server.cc
+++ b/src/backend/http_server.cc
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ rapidjson::Document parse_json(std::string const& s) {
 route_request parse_route_request(web_server::http_req_t const& req) {
   route_request r{};
   auto doc = parse_json(req.body());
-  get_location(r.start_, doc, "start");
-  get_location(r.destination_, doc, "destination");
+  get_input_location(r.start_, doc, "start");
+  get_input_location(r.destination_, doc, "destination");
   get_profile(r.profile_, doc, "profile");
   get_bool(r.include_infos_, doc, "include_infos");
   get_bool(r.include_full_path_, doc, "include_full_path");
@@ -119,8 +119,9 @@ struct http_server::impl {
           http::status::bad_request));
     }
 
-    auto const result =
-        find_routes(graph_, r.start_, {r.destination_}, r.profile_);
+    auto const rq =
+        ppr::routing::routing_query{r.start_, {r.destination_}, r.profile_};
+    auto const result = find_routes_v2(graph_, rq);
     auto const& stats = result.stats_;
 
     auto const t_before_encoding = timing_now();
diff --git a/src/backend/output/route_response.cc b/src/backend/output/route_response.cc
index 12e2d43..7e35181 100644
--- a/src/backend/output/route_response.cc
+++ b/src/backend/output/route_response.cc
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "ppr/backend/output/route_response.h"
+
 #include "ppr/output/json.h"
+
 #include "ppr/routing/route_steps.h"
 
 #include "rapidjson/prettywriter.h"
@@ -150,6 +152,8 @@ void write_edge(Writer& writer, route::edge const& e) {
   writer.String("marked_crossing_detour");
   writer.Int(e.marked_crossing_detour_);
 
+  write_level(writer, e.level_);
+
   writer.EndObject();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/backend/main.cc b/src/cmd/backend/main.cc
index b2ed1a3..280deee 100644
--- a/src/cmd/backend/main.cc
+++ b/src/cmd/backend/main.cc
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ int main(int argc, char const* argv[]) {
   std::cout << "Routing graph: " << rg.data_->nodes_.size() << " nodes, "
             << rg.data_->areas_.size() << " areas" << std::endl;
 
-  std::cout << "Preparing r-trees..." << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Preparing indices..." << std::endl;
   auto const t_rtrees_start = timing_now();
   auto const rtree_opt = opt.lock_rtrees_
                              ? rtree_options::LOCK
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ int main(int argc, char const* argv[]) {
   rg.prepare_for_routing(opt.edge_rtree_max_size_, opt.area_rtree_max_size_,
                          rtree_opt);
   auto const t_rtrees_duration = ms_since(t_rtrees_start);
-  std::cout << "R-trees: " << t_rtrees_duration << "ms" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Indices: " << t_rtrees_duration << "ms" << std::endl;
 
   if (opt.verify_graph_) {
     std::cout << "Verifying routing graph file..." << std::endl;
diff --git a/src/cmd/footrouting/main.cc b/src/cmd/footrouting/main.cc
index 401fe6a..1c90da5 100644
--- a/src/cmd/footrouting/main.cc
+++ b/src/cmd/footrouting/main.cc
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ int main(int argc, char const* argv[]) {
   std::cout << "Routing graph: " << rg.data_->nodes_.size() << " nodes, "
             << rg.data_->areas_.size() << " areas" << std::endl;
 
-  std::cout << "Creating r-trees..." << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Creating indices..." << std::endl;
   fs::remove(fs::path("routing-graph.ppr.ert"));
   fs::remove(fs::path("routing-graph.ppr.art"));
   rg.prepare_for_routing();
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ int main(int argc, char const* argv[]) {
   auto const d_rtree = ms_between(t_after_build, t_after_rtree);
 
   print_timing("Preprocessing", stats.d_total_pp_);
-  print_timing("R-Tree Generation", d_rtree);
+  print_timing("Index Generation", d_rtree);
 
   mem_usage_printer.stop();
 
diff --git a/src/preprocessing/build_routing_graph.cc b/src/preprocessing/build_routing_graph.cc
index 031adbb..b06f0e6 100644
--- a/src/preprocessing/build_routing_graph.cc
+++ b/src/preprocessing/build_routing_graph.cc
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ struct preprocessor {
     for_edge_pairs_ccw(
         sorted_edges,
         [&](oriented_int_edge& e1) { return is_linked(e1, side_type::LEFT); },
-        [&](oriented_int_edge& e1, oriented_int_edge& e2) {
+        [this](oriented_int_edge& e1, oriented_int_edge& e2) {
           if (is_street(ig_, e2) &&
               is_angle_around(normalized_angle(e2.angle_ - e1.angle_), 90,
                               10)) {
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ struct preprocessor {
     if (in->street_edges_ == 1) {
       auto e = std::find_if(
           begin(sorted_edges), end(sorted_edges),
-          [&](oriented_int_edge const& oie) { return is_street(ig_, oie); });
+          [this](oriented_int_edge const& oie) { return is_street(ig_, oie); });
       assert(e != end(sorted_edges));
       if (has_sidewalk(*e, side_type::LEFT)) {
         auto const& mc = first_path_pt(*e, side_type::LEFT);
@@ -136,10 +136,10 @@ struct preprocessor {
     } else {
       for_edge_pairs_ccw(
           sorted_edges,
-          [&](oriented_int_edge& e1) {
+          [this](oriented_int_edge& e1) {
             return is_street(ig_, e1) && !is_ignored(e1);
           },
-          [&](oriented_int_edge& e1, oriented_int_edge& e2) {
+          [this, in](oriented_int_edge& e1, oriented_int_edge& e2) {
             if (!is_street(ig_, e2) || is_ignored(e2)) {
               return false;
             }
@@ -173,10 +173,11 @@ struct preprocessor {
 
     for_edge_pairs_ccw(
         sorted_edges,
-        [&](oriented_int_edge& e1) {
+        [this](oriented_int_edge& e1) {
           return !is_street(ig_, e1) && !is_ignored(e1);
         },
-        [&](oriented_int_edge& e1, oriented_int_edge& e2) {
+        [this, in, &update_streets_required](oriented_int_edge& e1,
+                                             oriented_int_edge& e2) {
           if (!is_street(ig_, e2) || is_ignored(e2)) {
             return false;
           }
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ struct preprocessor {
 
     for_edge_pairs_ccw(
         sorted_edges,
-        [&](oriented_int_edge& e1) {
+        [this, in](oriented_int_edge& e1) {
           auto* n = rg_from(ig_, e1, side_type::LEFT);
           if (n == nullptr) {
             n = create_foot_node(in, in->location_);
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ struct preprocessor {
           }
           return true;
         },
-        [&](oriented_int_edge& e1, oriented_int_edge& e2) {
+        [this, in](oriented_int_edge& e1, oriented_int_edge& e2) {
           auto* n1 = rg_from(ig_, e1, side_type::LEFT);
           assert(n1 != nullptr);
           auto* n2 = rg_from(ig_, e2, side_type::LEFT);
@@ -240,8 +241,9 @@ struct preprocessor {
   void set_missing_street_nodes(
       std::vector<oriented_int_edge>& sorted_edges) const {
     for_edge_pairs_ccw(
-        sorted_edges, [&](oriented_int_edge& e1) { return is_street(ig_, e1); },
-        [&](oriented_int_edge& e1, oriented_int_edge& e2) {
+        sorted_edges,
+        [this](oriented_int_edge& e1) { return is_street(ig_, e1); },
+        [this](oriented_int_edge& e1, oriented_int_edge& e2) {
           if (!is_street(ig_, e2)) {
             return false;
           }
@@ -279,10 +281,10 @@ struct preprocessor {
     (void)in;
     for_edge_pairs_ccw(
         sorted_edges,
-        [&](oriented_int_edge& e1) {
+        [this](oriented_int_edge& e1) {
           return e1.edge_->info(ig_)->type_ == edge_type::CROSSING;
         },
-        [&](oriented_int_edge& e1, oriented_int_edge& e2) {
+        [this, in](oriented_int_edge& e1, oriented_int_edge& e2) {
           if (!is_linked(e2)) {
             return false;
           }
@@ -375,7 +377,7 @@ struct preprocessor {
 
   bool has_crossing(node const* from, node const* to) {
     return std::any_of(
-        begin(from->out_edges_), end(from->out_edges_), [&](auto&& e) {
+        begin(from->out_edges_), end(from->out_edges_), [this, to](auto&& e) {
           return e->to_ == to &&
                  e->info(*edge_infos_)->type_ == edge_type::CROSSING;
         });
diff --git a/src/preprocessing/osm/way_info.cc b/src/preprocessing/osm/way_info.cc
index 52fcd01..380ffdc 100644
--- a/src/preprocessing/osm/way_info.cc
+++ b/src/preprocessing/osm/way_info.cc
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/osm/crossing.h"
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/osm/handrail.h"
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/osm/layer.h"
+#include "ppr/preprocessing/osm/level.h"
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/osm/parse.h"
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/osm/ramp.h"
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/osm/surface.h"
@@ -203,6 +204,13 @@ way_info get_highway_info(osmium::Way const& way, osmium::TagList const& tags,
     street = extract_conveying(tags, info);
   }
 
+  info->area_ = tags.has_tag("area", "yes");
+
+  info->surface_type_ = get_surface_type(tags["surface"]);
+  info->smoothness_type_ = get_smoothness_type(tags["smoothness"]);
+
+  info->level_ = get_level(tags);
+
   auto const width = get_render_width(type, street);
   auto const layer = get_layer(tags);
 
@@ -230,6 +238,8 @@ way_info get_railway_info(osmium::Way const& way, osmium::TagList const& tags,
       make_edge_info(graph.edge_infos_, way.id(), edge_type::STREET, street,
                      crossing_type::NONE);
 
+  info->level_ = get_level(tags);
+
   auto const width = 2.0;
   auto const layer = get_layer(tags);
 
diff --git a/src/preprocessing/osm_graph/areas.cc b/src/preprocessing/osm_graph/areas.cc
index 5777977..08106ee 100644
--- a/src/preprocessing/osm_graph/areas.cc
+++ b/src/preprocessing/osm_graph/areas.cc
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ void process_area(osm_graph& graph, osm_graph_statistics& stats, osm_area* area,
     info_idx = idx;
     info->name_ = area->name_;
     info->area_ = true;
+    info->level_ = area->level_;
+    area->edge_info_ = info_idx;
   }
 
   auto vg = build_visibility_graph(area);  // NOLINT
diff --git a/src/preprocessing/osm_graph/extractor.cc b/src/preprocessing/osm_graph/extractor.cc
index 33c3597..af34f1e 100644
--- a/src/preprocessing/osm_graph/extractor.cc
+++ b/src/preprocessing/osm_graph/extractor.cc
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/names.h"
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/osm/access.h"
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/osm/crossing.h"
+#include "ppr/preprocessing/osm/level.h"
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/osm/way_info.h"
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/osm_graph/areas.h"
 #include "ppr/preprocessing/osm_graph/extractor.h"
@@ -150,10 +151,11 @@ struct extract_handler : public osmium::handler::Handler {
       a->name_ = get_name(area_tags["name"], graph_.names_, graph_.names_map_);
       a->osm_id_ = orig_id;
       a->from_way_ = from_way;
+      a->level_ = get_level(area_tags);
       for (auto const& node : a->outer_) {
         auto& areas = node_areas_[node];
         for (auto const& other_area : areas) {
-          if (other_area != a) {
+          if (other_area != a && other_area->level_ == a->level_) {
             a->adjacent_areas_.insert(other_area->id_);
             other_area->adjacent_areas_.insert(a->id_);
           }
@@ -185,7 +187,7 @@ struct extract_handler : public osmium::handler::Handler {
     std::vector<osm_node*> v;
     v.reserve(nrl.size());
     std::transform(nrl.begin(), nrl.end(), std::back_inserter(v),
-                   [&](osmium::NodeRef const& nr) {
+                   [this](osmium::NodeRef const& nr) {
                      return get_node(nr.ref(), nr.location());
                    });
     return v;
diff --git a/src/routing/costs.cc b/src/routing/costs.cc
index 9f26c8b..d4af34a 100644
--- a/src/routing/costs.cc
+++ b/src/routing/costs.cc
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ int32_t get_max_crossing_detour(search_profile const& profile,
   }
 }
 
-edge_costs get_edge_costs(routing_graph_data const& rg, edge const* e, bool fwd,
+edge_costs get_edge_costs(routing_graph_data const& rg, edge const* e,
+                          edge_info const* info, bool fwd,
                           search_profile const& profile) {
   auto const distance = e->distance_;
-  auto const info = e->info(rg);
   double duration = distance / profile.walking_speed_;
   double accessibility = 0;
   double duration_penalty = 0;
diff --git a/src/routing/input_areas.cc b/src/routing/input_areas.cc
index 77ae9b8..492efe5 100644
--- a/src/routing/input_areas.cc
+++ b/src/routing/input_areas.cc
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ void create_area_edges(area const* ar, std::vector<node*>& nodes,
     ensure_node(b);
     if (!any_edge_between(a.node_, b.node_) &&
         !additional_edge_between(a.node_, b.node_)) {
-      additional.connect(a.node_, b.node_);
+      additional.connect(a.node_, b.node_, ar->edge_info_);
     }
   });
 }
diff --git a/src/routing/input_pt.cc b/src/routing/input_pt.cc
index c56d0e0..8c2f282 100644
--- a/src/routing/input_pt.cc
+++ b/src/routing/input_pt.cc
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <optional>
 
 #include "boost/geometry/algorithms/comparable_distance.hpp"
 #include "boost/geometry/algorithms/for_each.hpp"
@@ -9,6 +10,8 @@
 
 #include "boost/iterator/function_output_iterator.hpp"
 
+#include "utl/erase_if.h"
+
 #include "ppr/common/geometry/path_conversion.h"
 #include "ppr/routing/input_pt.h"
 
@@ -57,7 +60,8 @@ location nearest_pt_on_segment(location const& loc, location const& seg_from,
   }
 }
 
-input_pt nearest_pt_on_edge(edge const* e, location const& loc) {
+input_pt nearest_pt_on_edge(routing_graph_data const& rg, edge const* e,
+                            location const& loc) {
   using loc_segment_t = boost::geometry::model::segment<location>;
   if (e == nullptr) {
     return {};
@@ -85,12 +89,19 @@ input_pt nearest_pt_on_edge(edge const* e, location const& loc) {
   std::copy(begin(path) + nearest_segment + 1, end(path),
             std::back_inserter(to_path));
 
-  return {loc, point, e, std::move(from_path), std::move(to_path)};
+  return {rg, loc, point, e, std::move(from_path), std::move(to_path)};
 }
 
 std::vector<std::pair<edge const*, double>> nearest_edges(
-    routing_graph const& g, location const& loc, unsigned max_query,
-    unsigned max_count, double max_dist) {
+    routing_graph const& g, location const& loc,
+    std::optional<std::int16_t> const& opt_level, routing_options const& opt,
+    unsigned max_query, unsigned max_count, double max_dist) {
+  auto const level = opt_level.value_or(0);
+  auto const check_level = opt_level.has_value();
+  auto const level_penalty = [&](edge const* e) {
+    return opt.level_dist_penalty_ * (std::abs(level - e->info(g)->level_));
+  };
+
   auto edges = std::vector<std::pair<edge const*, double>>{};
   edges.reserve(max_query);
   g.edge_rtree_->query(
@@ -98,8 +109,12 @@ std::vector<std::pair<edge const*, double>> nearest_edges(
       boost::make_function_output_iterator([&](auto const& entry) {
         auto const* e = entry.second.get(g.data_);
         auto const dist = distance(loc, e->path_);
+        if (check_level && opt.force_level_match_ &&
+            e->info(g)->level_ != level) {
+          return;
+        }
         if (dist <= max_dist) {
-          edges.emplace_back(e, dist);
+          edges.emplace_back(e, check_level ? dist + level_penalty(e) : dist);
         }
       }));
   if (edges.empty()) {
@@ -113,13 +128,17 @@ std::vector<std::pair<edge const*, double>> nearest_edges(
   return edges;
 }
 
-void find_nearest_edges(routing_graph const& g, location const& loc,
-                        std::vector<input_pt>& out_pts, unsigned max_query,
+void find_nearest_edges(routing_graph const& g, std::vector<input_pt>& out_pts,
+                        location const& loc,
+                        std::optional<std::int16_t> const& opt_level,
+                        routing_options const& opt, unsigned max_query,
                         unsigned max_count, double max_dist) {
-  auto const edges = nearest_edges(g, loc, max_query, max_count, max_dist);
+  auto const edges =
+      nearest_edges(g, loc, opt_level, opt, max_query, max_count, max_dist);
   std::transform(begin(edges), end(edges), std::back_inserter(out_pts),
                  [&](auto const& edge_with_dist) {
-                   return nearest_pt_on_edge(edge_with_dist.first, loc);
+                   return nearest_pt_on_edge(*g.data_, edge_with_dist.first,
+                                             loc);
                  });
 }
 
@@ -132,13 +151,18 @@ void print_area_info(routing_graph_data const& rg, area const* a) {
             << a->count_mapped_nodes() << " mapped nodes" << std::endl;
 }
 
-bool find_containing_areas(routing_graph const& g, location const& loc,
-                           std::vector<input_pt>& out_pts) {
+bool find_containing_areas(routing_graph const& g,
+                           std::vector<input_pt>& out_pts, location const& loc,
+                           std::optional<std::int16_t> const& level,
+                           routing_options const& opt) {
+  auto const force_level = level && opt.force_level_match_;
   auto found_areas = false;
   g.area_rtree_->query(
       bgi::contains(loc) &&
           bgi::satisfies([&](routing_graph::area_rtree_value_type const& val) {
-            return bg::within(loc, g.data_->areas_[val.second].polygon_);
+            auto const& a = g.data_->areas_[val.second];
+            return bg::within(loc, a.polygon_) &&
+                   (!force_level || a.level_ == *level);
           }),
       boost::make_function_output_iterator([&](auto const& entry) {
         found_areas = true;
@@ -178,37 +202,41 @@ void map_to_area_border(area const* a, input_pt& pt) {
   pt.nearest_pt_ = nearest_pt_on_segment(loc, seg_from, seg_to);
 }
 
-void find_nearest_areas(routing_graph const& g, location const& loc,
-                        std::vector<input_pt>& out_pts, unsigned max_query,
-                        unsigned max_count, double max_dist,
-                        bool include_containing = false) {
+void find_nearest_areas(routing_graph const& g, std::vector<input_pt>& out_pts,
+                        location const& loc,
+                        std::optional<std::int16_t> const& opt_level,
+                        routing_options const& opt, unsigned max_query,
+                        unsigned max_count, double max_dist) {
+  auto const level = opt_level.value_or(0);
+  auto const check_level = opt_level.has_value();
+  auto const level_penalty = [&](area const* a) {
+    return opt.level_dist_penalty_ * (std::abs(level - a->level_));
+  };
+
   auto areas = std::vector<std::pair<area const*, double>>{};
-  auto inside_count = 0U;
   g.area_rtree_->query(
       bgi::nearest(loc, max_query),
       boost::make_function_output_iterator([&](auto const& entry) {
         auto const* a = &g.data_->areas_[entry.second];
-        auto const inside = bg::within(loc, a->polygon_);
-        if (inside && !include_containing) {
+
+        if (check_level && opt.force_level_match_ && a->level_ != level) {
           return;
         }
-        if (inside) {
-          if (!include_containing) {
-            return;
-          }
-          ++inside_count;
-          areas.emplace_back(a, -1.0);
-        } else {
-          auto const dist = distance(loc, a->polygon_);
-          if (dist > max_dist) {
-            return;
-          }
-          areas.emplace_back(a, dist);
+
+        if (bg::within(loc, a->polygon_)) {
+          return;
         }
+
+        auto const dist = distance(loc, a->polygon_);
+        if (dist > max_dist) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        areas.emplace_back(a, check_level ? dist + level_penalty(a) : dist);
       }));
   std::sort(begin(areas), end(areas),
             [&](auto const& a, auto const& b) { return a.second < b.second; });
-  if (areas.size() > max_count && inside_count <= max_count) {
+  if (areas.size() > max_count) {
     areas.resize(max_count);
   }
   for (auto const& [a, dist] : areas) {
@@ -219,25 +247,93 @@ void find_nearest_areas(routing_graph const& g, location const& loc,
   }
 }
 
-std::vector<input_pt> nearest_points(routing_graph const& g,
-                                     location const& loc, unsigned max_query,
-                                     unsigned max_count, double max_dist) {
+inline bool level_found(std::vector<input_pt> const& pts,
+                        std::optional<int> opt_level) {
+  if (opt_level) {
+    auto const level = *opt_level;
+    return std::any_of(begin(pts), end(pts),
+                       [&](auto const& pt) { return pt.level_ == level; });
+  } else {
+    return !pts.empty();
+  }
+}
+
+void resolve_input_area(std::vector<input_pt>& out_pts, area const& a,
+                        input_location const& il) {
+  out_pts.emplace_back(il.location_.value_or(a.center_), &a);
+}
+
+std::vector<input_pt> resolve_input_location(routing_graph const& g,
+                                             input_location const& il,
+                                             routing_options const& opt,
+                                             bool const expanded) {
   std::vector<input_pt> pts;
 
-  find_containing_areas(g, loc, pts);
-
-  auto const area_count = static_cast<unsigned>(pts.size());
-  if (area_count < max_count) {
-    auto const max_pts = max_count - area_count;
-    find_nearest_areas(g, loc, pts, max_query, max_pts, max_dist);
-    find_nearest_edges(g, loc, pts, max_query, max_pts, max_dist);
-    if (pts.size() > max_count) {
-      std::sort(begin(pts), end(pts),
-                [&](input_pt const& a, input_pt const& b) {
-                  return bg::comparable_distance(loc, a.nearest_pt_) <
-                         bg::comparable_distance(loc, b.nearest_pt_);
-                });
-      pts.resize(max_count);
+  if (il.osm_element_) {
+    auto const& osm = *il.osm_element_;
+    switch (osm.type_) {
+      case osm_namespace::WAY: {
+        if (auto const area_it = g.osm_index_->ways_to_areas_.find(osm.id_);
+            area_it != end(g.osm_index_->ways_to_areas_)) {
+          auto const& a = g.data_->areas_.at(area_it->second);
+          resolve_input_area(pts, a, il);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case osm_namespace::RELATION: {
+        if (auto const area_it =
+                g.osm_index_->relations_to_areas_.find(osm.id_);
+            area_it != end(g.osm_index_->relations_to_areas_)) {
+          auto const& a = g.data_->areas_.at(area_it->second);
+          resolve_input_area(pts, a, il);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      default: break;
+    }
+    if (!opt.allow_osm_id_expansion_ || (!pts.empty() && !expanded)) {
+      return pts;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (il.location_) {
+    auto const& loc = *il.location_;
+
+    find_containing_areas(g, pts, loc, il.level_, opt);
+
+    auto const area_count = static_cast<unsigned>(pts.size());
+    auto const max_count = opt.max_pt_count(expanded);
+    if (area_count < max_count || !level_found(pts, il.level_)) {
+      auto const max_query = opt.max_pt_query(expanded);
+      auto const max_dist =
+          expanded ? il.expanded_max_distance_ : il.initial_max_distance_;
+      auto const max_pts = max_count - area_count;
+      find_nearest_areas(g, pts, loc, il.level_, opt, max_query, max_pts,
+                         max_dist);
+      find_nearest_edges(g, pts, loc, il.level_, opt, max_query, max_pts,
+                         max_dist);
+      if (pts.size() > max_count) {
+        if (il.level_ && !opt.force_level_match_) {
+          auto const level = *il.level_;
+          auto const level_penalty = [&](input_pt const& pt) {
+            return opt.level_dist_penalty_ * (std::abs(level - pt.level_));
+          };
+          std::sort(begin(pts), end(pts),
+                    [&](input_pt const& a, input_pt const& b) {
+                      return bg::comparable_distance(loc, a.nearest_pt_) +
+                                 level_penalty(a) <
+                             bg::comparable_distance(loc, b.nearest_pt_) +
+                                 level_penalty(b);
+                    });
+        } else {
+          std::sort(begin(pts), end(pts),
+                    [&](input_pt const& a, input_pt const& b) {
+                      return bg::comparable_distance(loc, a.nearest_pt_) <
+                             bg::comparable_distance(loc, b.nearest_pt_);
+                    });
+        }
+        pts.resize(max_count);
+      }
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/routing/search.cc b/src/routing/search.cc
index 05d568a..5a46015 100644
--- a/src/routing/search.cc
+++ b/src/routing/search.cc
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <queue>
 
+#include "utl/to_vec.h"
+
 #include "ppr/common/timing.h"
 #include "ppr/routing/label.h"
 #include "ppr/routing/labels_to_route.h"
@@ -10,19 +12,23 @@
 
 namespace ppr::routing {
 
-using mapped_pt = std::pair<location, std::vector<input_pt>>;
+search_result find_routes(
+    routing_graph_data const& rg, search_result& result,
+    std::vector<input_pt> const& start,
+    std::vector<std::vector<input_pt>> const& destinations,
+    search_profile const& profile, search_direction dir) {
 
-search_result find_routes(routing_graph_data const& rg, search_result& result,
-                          mapped_pt const& start,
-                          std::vector<mapped_pt> const& destinations,
-                          search_profile const& profile, search_direction dir) {
   auto const t_start = timing_now();
   pareto_dijkstra<label> pd(rg, profile, dir == search_direction::BWD);
 
-  pd.add_start(start.first, start.second);
+  if (!start.empty()) {
+    pd.add_start(start.front().input_, start);
+  }
 
   for (auto const& goal : destinations) {
-    pd.add_goal(goal.first, goal.second);
+    if (!goal.empty()) {
+      pd.add_goal(goal.front().input_, goal);
+    }
   }
 
   pd.search();
@@ -58,78 +64,77 @@ bool all_goals_reached(search_result const& result) {
       [](std::vector<route> const& routes) { return !routes.empty(); });
 }
 
-constexpr unsigned initial_max_pt_query = 10;
-constexpr unsigned initial_max_pt_count = 1;
-constexpr double initial_max_pt_dist = 200;
-
-constexpr unsigned expanded_max_pt_query = 40;
-constexpr unsigned expanded_max_pt_count = 20;
-constexpr double expanded_max_pt_dist = 300;
-
 search_result find_routes(routing_graph const& g, location const& start,
                           std::vector<location> const& destinations,
                           search_profile const& profile, search_direction dir,
                           bool allow_expansion) {
+  return find_routes_v2(
+      g, routing_query{make_input_location(start),
+                       utl::to_vec(destinations,
+                                   [&](auto const& loc) {
+                                     return make_input_location(loc);
+                                   }),
+                       profile, dir, routing_options{allow_expansion}});
+}
+
+search_result find_routes_v2(routing_graph const& g, routing_query const& q) {
   search_result result;
   auto const t_start = timing_now();
-  mapped_pt mapped_start = {
-      start, nearest_points(g, start, initial_max_pt_query,
-                            initial_max_pt_count, initial_max_pt_dist)};
+
+  auto start = resolve_input_location(g, q.start_, q.opt_, false);
   auto const t_after_start = timing_now();
   result.stats_.d_start_pts_ = ms_between(t_start, t_after_start);
 
-  std::vector<mapped_pt> mapped_goals;
-  mapped_goals.reserve(destinations.size());
-  std::transform(
-      begin(destinations), end(destinations), std::back_inserter(mapped_goals),
-      [&](location const& loc) {
-        return mapped_pt{
-            loc, nearest_points(g, loc, initial_max_pt_query,
-                                initial_max_pt_count, initial_max_pt_dist)};
-      });
+  auto destinations = utl::to_vec(q.destinations_, [&](auto const& il) {
+    return resolve_input_location(g, il, q.opt_, false);
+  });
   auto const t_after_dest = timing_now();
   result.stats_.d_destination_pts_ = ms_between(t_after_start, t_after_dest);
 
   auto const& rg = *g.data_;
+  auto const search = [&](auto const& from, auto const& to) {
+    find_routes(rg, result, from, to, q.profile_, q.dir_);
+  };
 
   // 1st attempt: only nearest start + goal points
-  find_routes(rg, result, mapped_start, mapped_goals, profile, dir);
+  search(start, destinations);
 
-  if (allow_expansion && !all_goals_reached(result)) {
-    auto const orig_start = mapped_start.second;
+  if (q.opt_.allow_expansion_ && !all_goals_reached(result)) {
     // 2nd attempt: expand start point
-    auto const t_before_expand_start = timing_now();
-    mapped_start.second =
-        nearest_points(g, start, expanded_max_pt_query, expanded_max_pt_count,
-                       expanded_max_pt_dist);
-    result.stats_.start_pts_extended_++;
-    result.stats_.d_start_pts_extended_ = ms_since(t_before_expand_start);
-    find_routes(rg, result, mapped_start, mapped_goals, profile, dir);
-    if (!all_goals_reached(result)) {
-      // 3rd attempt: expand goal points
-      auto const expanded_start = mapped_start.second;
-      mapped_start.second = orig_start;
+    auto expanded_start = std::vector<input_pt>{};
+    if (q.start_.allows_expansion()) {
+      auto const t_before_expand_start = timing_now();
+      expanded_start = resolve_input_location(g, q.start_, q.opt_, true);
+      ++result.stats_.start_pts_extended_;
+      result.stats_.d_start_pts_extended_ = ms_since(t_before_expand_start);
+      search(expanded_start, destinations);
+    }
+
+    // 3rd attempt: expand goal points
+    if (!all_goals_reached(result) &&
+        std::any_of(begin(q.destinations_), end(q.destinations_),
+                    [](auto const& il) { return il.allows_expansion(); })) {
       auto const t_before_expand_dest = timing_now();
-      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < destinations.size(); i++) {
-        if (result.routes_[i].empty()) {
-          mapped_goals[i].second =
-              nearest_points(g, destinations[i], expanded_max_pt_query,
-                             expanded_max_pt_count, expanded_max_pt_dist);
-          result.stats_.destination_pts_extended_++;
-        }
-      }
+      auto expanded_destinations =
+          utl::to_vec(q.destinations_, [&](auto const& il) {
+            auto const expand = il.allows_expansion();
+            if (expand) {
+              ++result.stats_.destination_pts_extended_;
+            }
+            return resolve_input_location(g, il, q.opt_, expand);
+          });
       result.stats_.d_destination_pts_extended_ =
           ms_since(t_before_expand_dest);
-      find_routes(rg, result, mapped_start, mapped_goals, profile, dir);
-      if (!all_goals_reached(result)) {
+      search(start, expanded_destinations);
+
+      if (!expanded_start.empty() && !all_goals_reached(result)) {
         // 4th attempt: expand start and goal points
-        mapped_start.second = expanded_start;
-        find_routes(rg, result, mapped_start, mapped_goals, profile, dir);
+        search(expanded_start, expanded_destinations);
       }
     }
   }
 
-  postprocess_result(result, profile);
+  postprocess_result(result, q.profile_);
   result.stats_.d_total_ = ms_since(t_start);
   return result;
 }