diff --git a/external/dist/lib/README.md b/external/dist/lib/README.md
index 8f44cd646833d6..9d6a89d7f4f346 100644
--- a/external/dist/lib/README.md
+++ b/external/dist/lib/README.md
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ pre-built library as found in e.g. the `/build`, `/web`, and `/image_decoders`
 folders in the root of this repository.
 
 Please note that the "lib" build target exists mostly to enable unit-testing in
-Node.js/Travis, and that you'll need to handle e.g. any Node.js dependencies
-yourself if using the files in this folder.
+Node.js/Travis, and that you'll need to handle e.g. any necessary polyfills
+and/or Node.js dependencies yourself if using the files in this folder.
diff --git a/gulpfile.js b/gulpfile.js
index c8f3fc98661bb6..5ccc6f40b52116 100644
--- a/gulpfile.js
+++ b/gulpfile.js
@@ -1150,92 +1150,105 @@ gulp.task("jsdoc", function(done) {
   });
 });
 
+function buildLib(defines, dir) {
+  // When we create a bundle, webpack is run on the source and it will replace
+  // require with __webpack_require__. When we want to use the real require,
+  // __non_webpack_require__ has to be used.
+  // In this target, we don't create a bundle, so we have to replace the
+  // occurences of __non_webpack_require__ ourselves.
+  function babelPluginReplaceNonWebPackRequire(babel) {
+    return {
+      visitor: {
+        Identifier(curPath, state) {
+          if (curPath.node.name === "__non_webpack_require__") {
+            curPath.replaceWith(babel.types.identifier("require"));
+          }
+        },
+      },
+    };
+  }
+  function preprocess(content) {
+    var skipBabel =
+      bundleDefines.SKIP_BABEL || /\/\*\s*no-babel-preset\s*\*\//.test(content);
+    content = preprocessor2.preprocessPDFJSCode(ctx, content);
+    content = babel.transform(content, {
+      sourceType: "module",
+      presets: skipBabel ? undefined : ["@babel/preset-env"],
+      plugins: [
+        "@babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs",
+        [
+          "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime",
+          {
+            helpers: false,
+            regenerator: true,
+          },
+        ],
+        babelPluginReplaceNonWebPackRequire,
+      ],
+    }).code;
+    var removeCjsSrc = /^(var\s+\w+\s*=\s*(_interopRequireDefault\()?require\(".*?)(?:\/src)(\/[^"]*"\)\)?;)$/gm;
+    content = content.replace(removeCjsSrc, (all, prefix, interop, suffix) => {
+      return prefix + suffix;
+    });
+    return licenseHeaderLibre + content;
+  }
+  var babel = require("@babel/core");
+  var versionInfo = getVersionJSON();
+  var bundleDefines = builder.merge(defines, {
+    BUNDLE_VERSION: versionInfo.version,
+    BUNDLE_BUILD: versionInfo.commit,
+    TESTING: process.env["TESTING"] === "true",
+  });
+  var ctx = {
+    rootPath: __dirname,
+    saveComments: false,
+    defines: bundleDefines,
+    map: {
+      "pdfjs-lib": "../pdf",
+    },
+  };
+  var licenseHeaderLibre = fs
+    .readFileSync("./src/license_header_libre.js")
+    .toString();
+  var preprocessor2 = require("./external/builder/preprocessor2.js");
+  return merge([
+    gulp.src(
+      [
+        "src/{core,display,shared}/*.js",
+        "!src/shared/{cffStandardStrings,fonts_utils}.js",
+        "src/{pdf,pdf.worker}.js",
+      ],
+      { base: "src/" }
+    ),
+    gulp.src(
+      ["examples/node/domstubs.js", "web/*.js", "!web/{pdfjs,viewer}.js"],
+      { base: "." }
+    ),
+    gulp.src("test/unit/*.js", { base: "." }),
+  ])
+    .pipe(transform("utf8", preprocess))
+    .pipe(gulp.dest(dir));
+}
+
 gulp.task(
   "lib",
   gulp.series("buildnumber", "default_preferences", function() {
-    // When we create a bundle, webpack is run on the source and it will replace
-    // require with __webpack_require__. When we want to use the real require,
-    // __non_webpack_require__ has to be used.
-    // In this target, we don't create a bundle, so we have to replace the
-    // occurences of __non_webpack_require__ ourselves.
-    function babelPluginReplaceNonWebPackRequire(babel) {
-      return {
-        visitor: {
-          Identifier(curPath, state) {
-            if (curPath.node.name === "__non_webpack_require__") {
-              curPath.replaceWith(babel.types.identifier("require"));
-            }
-          },
-        },
-      };
-    }
-    function preprocess(content) {
-      var skipBabel =
-        bundleDefines.SKIP_BABEL ||
-        /\/\*\s*no-babel-preset\s*\*\//.test(content);
-      content = preprocessor2.preprocessPDFJSCode(ctx, content);
-      content = babel.transform(content, {
-        sourceType: "module",
-        presets: skipBabel ? undefined : ["@babel/preset-env"],
-        plugins: [
-          "@babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs",
-          [
-            "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime",
-            {
-              helpers: false,
-              regenerator: true,
-            },
-          ],
-          babelPluginReplaceNonWebPackRequire,
-        ],
-      }).code;
-      var removeCjsSrc = /^(var\s+\w+\s*=\s*(_interopRequireDefault\()?require\(".*?)(?:\/src)(\/[^"]*"\)\)?;)$/gm;
-      content = content.replace(
-        removeCjsSrc,
-        (all, prefix, interop, suffix) => {
-          return prefix + suffix;
-        }
-      );
-      return licenseHeaderLibre + content;
-    }
-    var babel = require("@babel/core");
-    var versionInfo = getVersionJSON();
-    var bundleDefines = builder.merge(DEFINES, {
+    var defines = builder.merge(DEFINES, { GENERIC: true, LIB: true });
+
+    return buildLib(defines, "build/lib/");
+  })
+);
+
+gulp.task(
+  "lib-es5",
+  gulp.series("buildnumber", "default_preferences", function() {
+    var defines = builder.merge(DEFINES, {
       GENERIC: true,
       LIB: true,
-      BUNDLE_VERSION: versionInfo.version,
-      BUNDLE_BUILD: versionInfo.commit,
-      TESTING: process.env["TESTING"] === "true",
+      SKIP_BABEL: false,
     });
-    var ctx = {
-      rootPath: __dirname,
-      saveComments: false,
-      defines: bundleDefines,
-      map: {
-        "pdfjs-lib": "../pdf",
-      },
-    };
-    var licenseHeaderLibre = fs
-      .readFileSync("./src/license_header_libre.js")
-      .toString();
-    var preprocessor2 = require("./external/builder/preprocessor2.js");
-    return merge([
-      gulp.src(
-        [
-          "src/{core,display,shared}/*.js",
-          "!src/shared/{cffStandardStrings,fonts_utils}.js",
-          "src/{pdf,pdf.worker}.js",
-        ],
-        { base: "src/" }
-      ),
-      gulp.src(
-        ["examples/node/domstubs.js", "web/*.js", "!web/{pdfjs,viewer}.js"],
-        { base: "." }
-      ),
-      gulp.src("test/unit/*.js", { base: "." }),
-    ])
-      .pipe(transform("utf8", preprocess))
-      .pipe(gulp.dest("build/lib/"));
+
+    return buildLib(defines, "build/lib-es5/");
   })
 );
 
@@ -1371,7 +1384,7 @@ gulp.task("baseline", function(done) {
 
 gulp.task(
   "unittestcli",
-  gulp.series("testing-pre", "lib", function(done) {
+  gulp.series("testing-pre", "lib-es5", function(done) {
     var options = [
       "node_modules/jasmine/bin/jasmine",
       "JASMINE_CONFIG_PATH=test/unit/clitests.json",
diff --git a/src/core/worker.js b/src/core/worker.js
index 34e5a824c3f3d2..879e98a61cb462 100644
--- a/src/core/worker.js
+++ b/src/core/worker.js
@@ -136,6 +136,20 @@ var WorkerMessageHandler = {
             "; thus breaking e.g. `for...in` iteration of `Array`s."
         );
       }
+
+      // Ensure that (primarily) Node.js users won't accidentally attempt to use
+      // a non-translated build of the library, since that would quickly fail
+      // anyway because of missing polyfills (such as e.g. `ReadableStream).
+      if (
+        (typeof PDFJSDev === "undefined" || PDFJSDev.test("SKIP_BABEL")) &&
+        typeof ReadableStream === "undefined"
+      ) {
+        throw new Error(
+          "The browser/environment lacks native support for critical " +
+            "functionality used by the PDF.js library (e.g. `ReadableStream`); " +
+            "please use an ES5-compatible build instead."
+        );
+      }
     }
 
     var docId = docParams.docId;
diff --git a/src/shared/compatibility.js b/src/shared/compatibility.js
index 78373c4d12f1dc..93fee9bd145e95 100644
--- a/src/shared/compatibility.js
+++ b/src/shared/compatibility.js
@@ -14,11 +14,9 @@
  */
 /* eslint no-var: error */
 
-// Skip compatibility checks for modern builds (unless we're running the
-// unit-tests in Node.js/Travis) and if we already ran the module.
+// Skip compatibility checks for modern builds and if we already ran the module.
 if (
-  (typeof PDFJSDev === "undefined" ||
-    PDFJSDev.test("!SKIP_BABEL || (LIB && TESTING)")) &&
+  (typeof PDFJSDev === "undefined" || !PDFJSDev.test("SKIP_BABEL")) &&
   (typeof globalThis === "undefined" || !globalThis._pdfjsCompatibilityChecked)
 ) {
   // Provides support for globalThis in legacy browsers.
diff --git a/test/unit/clitests.json b/test/unit/clitests.json
index c11109675b1ede..4e22992c4eb836 100644
--- a/test/unit/clitests.json
+++ b/test/unit/clitests.json
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "spec_dir": "build/lib/test/unit",
+  "spec_dir": "build/lib-es5/test/unit",
 
   "helpers": [
     "clitests_helper.js"