diff --git a/fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/transaction/TransactionEntry.java b/fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/transaction/TransactionEntry.java
index 81e591636fb536..3538516b6fb7cf 100644
--- a/fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/transaction/TransactionEntry.java
+++ b/fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/transaction/TransactionEntry.java
@@ -248,6 +248,10 @@ public long beginTransaction(TableIf table) throws Exception {
                 throw new AnalysisException(
                         "Transaction insert must be in the same database, expect db_id=" + this.database.getId());
             }
+            if (subTransactionStates.size() >= Config.max_sub_transactions_in_transaction_load) {
+                throw new UserException("Transaction load can not have more than "
+                        + Config.max_sub_transactions_in_transaction_load + " sub transactions");
+            }
             long subTxnId;
             if (Config.isCloudMode()) {
                 TUniqueId queryId = ConnectContext.get().queryId();
diff --git a/regression-test/suites/insert_p0/transaction/txn_insert_inject_case.groovy b/regression-test/suites/insert_p0/transaction/txn_insert_inject_case.groovy
index 4e33d8a03ce313..fe0a35b8c805a0 100644
--- a/regression-test/suites/insert_p0/transaction/txn_insert_inject_case.groovy
+++ b/regression-test/suites/insert_p0/transaction/txn_insert_inject_case.groovy
@@ -231,4 +231,11 @@ suite("txn_insert_inject_case", "nonConcurrent") {
         }
         assertEquals(7, rowCount)
     }
+
+    // check the limit of sub transaction num
+    try {
+
+    } finally {
+        sql """ admin set frontend config('max_sub_txn_num' = '100') """
+    }
 }