diff --git a/apps/files_external/lib/Lib/Backend/SMB.php b/apps/files_external/lib/Lib/Backend/SMB.php
index bf73c5b40f844..6c87967608876 100644
--- a/apps/files_external/lib/Lib/Backend/SMB.php
+++ b/apps/files_external/lib/Lib/Backend/SMB.php
@@ -59,6 +59,11 @@ public function __construct(IL10N $l, Password $legacyAuth) {
 				(new DefinitionParameter('show_hidden', $l->t('Show hidden files')))
 					->setType(DefinitionParameter::VALUE_BOOLEAN)
 					->setFlag(DefinitionParameter::FLAG_OPTIONAL),
+				(new DefinitionParameter('case_sensitive', $l->t('Case sensitive file system')))
+					->setType(DefinitionParameter::VALUE_BOOLEAN)
+					->setFlag(DefinitionParameter::FLAG_OPTIONAL)
+					->setDefaultValue(true)
+					->setTooltip($l->t('Disabling it will allow to use a case insentive file system, but comes with a performance penalty')),
 				(new DefinitionParameter('check_acl', $l->t('Verify ACL access when listing files')))
 					->setType(DefinitionParameter::VALUE_BOOLEAN)
 					->setFlag(DefinitionParameter::FLAG_OPTIONAL)
diff --git a/apps/files_external/lib/Lib/Storage/SMB.php b/apps/files_external/lib/Lib/Storage/SMB.php
index c3ccc106239cf..2c0a412d341e8 100644
--- a/apps/files_external/lib/Lib/Storage/SMB.php
+++ b/apps/files_external/lib/Lib/Storage/SMB.php
@@ -93,6 +93,8 @@ class SMB extends Common implements INotifyStorage {
 	/** @var bool */
 	protected $showHidden;
 
+	private bool $caseSensitive;
+
 	/** @var bool */
 	protected $checkAcl;
 
@@ -139,6 +141,7 @@ public function __construct($params) {
 		$this->root = rtrim($this->root, '/') . '/';
 
 		$this->showHidden = isset($params['show_hidden']) && $params['show_hidden'];
+		$this->caseSensitive = (bool) ($params['case_sensitive'] ?? true);
 		$this->checkAcl = isset($params['check_acl']) && $params['check_acl'];
 
 		$this->statCache = new CappedMemoryCache();
@@ -325,6 +328,12 @@ public function rename($source, $target, $retry = true): bool {
 		if ($this->isRootDir($source) || $this->isRootDir($target)) {
 			return false;
 		}
+		if ($this->caseSensitive === false
+			&& mb_strtolower($target) === mb_strtolower($source)
+		) {
+			// Forbid changing case only on case-insensitive file system
+			return false;
+		}
 
 		$absoluteSource = $this->buildPath($source);
 		$absoluteTarget = $this->buildPath($target);
@@ -674,6 +683,16 @@ public function mkdir($path) {
 
 	public function file_exists($path) {
 		try {
+			if ($this->caseSensitive === false) {
+				$filename = basename($path);
+				$siblings = $this->getDirectoryContent(dirname($this->buildPath($path)));
+				foreach ($siblings as $sibling) {
+					if ($sibling['name'] === $filename) {
+						return true;
+					}
+				}
+				return false;
+			}
 			$this->getFileInfo($path);
 			return true;
 		} catch (\OCP\Files\NotFoundException $e) {