From d5da08674d02764d5c8627cb882b825c8ce1d2f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Niels Grewe Date: Sun, 18 Feb 2024 21:07:19 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/8] refactor(wip): Upgrade to tawny-owl 2.3.3 and BFO 2020 --- build.gradle | 2 +- .../de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/base.clj | 10 +- .../de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj | 77 +- src/main/resources/bfo.owl | 7985 +++-------------- src/main/resources/bfo_memo.clj | 168 +- .../de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj | 61 +- 6 files changed, 1576 insertions(+), 6727 deletions(-) diff --git a/build.gradle b/build.gradle index d8fc0d6..c0b1a49 100644 --- a/build.gradle +++ b/build.gradle @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ dependencies { implementation 'org.clojure:clojure:1.11.1' testRuntimeOnly 'dev.clojurephant:jovial:0.4.2' devImplementation 'org.clojure:tools.namespace:1.3.0' - implementation 'uk.org.russet:tawny-owl:1.4.0' + implementation 'uk.org.russet:tawny-owl:2.3.3' implementation 'danlentz:clj-uuid:0.1.6' } diff --git a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/base.clj b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/base.clj index 760aac5..b03a33c 100644 --- a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/base.clj +++ b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/base.clj @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ (:require [clj-uuid :as uuid] [tawny.read :as r] [tawny.memorise] - [tawny.owl]) + [tawny.owl :as o]) (:use tawny.owl) (:import (org.semanticweb.owlapi.model IRI OWLOntology))) @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ ; The namespace here must be kept as is in order to keep IRIs stable (uuid/v5 (uuid/v5 uuid/+namespace-url+ "http://www.halbordnung.de/ontologies/tqc.owl") n)) -(defdontfn iri-generate +(o/defno iri-generate "Generate IRIs for the determinist names" [o name] (iri (str (.getOntologyIRI (.getOntologyID ^OWLOntology o)) "#" (-scoped name)))) @@ -26,12 +26,10 @@ :location (resource-iri) :prefix "bfo" :iri bfo-iri - :viri "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2014-05-03/bfo.owl" + :viri "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl" :filter (clojure.core/partial tawny.read/iri-starts-with-filter "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO") :transform (clojure.core/comp r/stop-characters-transform r/exception-nil-label-transform)) - -(tawny.memorise/remember (clojure.java.io/resource "bfo_memo.clj")) - +(tawny.memorise/remember bfo (clojure.java.io/resource "bfo_memo.clj")) diff --git a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj index d8ca567..eb39006 100644 --- a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj +++ b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ ) ) -(add-superclass b/material_entity tqme) +(add-superclass tqme-ontology b/material_entity tqme) (defclass phase :label "minimal history segment" @@ -40,12 +40,9 @@ " (they only occur at instants)" " * They pertain to a single entity.")) -;; Match the history axiom -(add-superclass phase (owl-only b/part_of_occurrent (owl-not b/process_profile))) - (defoproperty phase-of :label "minimal history segment of" - :super b/specifically_depends_on_at_all_times + :super b/specifically_depends_on :domain phase :range tqme :characteristic :functional) @@ -55,12 +52,12 @@ :inverse phase-of :characteristic :inversefunctional) -(as-equivalent phase (owl-and (owl-some b/part_of_occurrent b/history) +(as-equivalent phase (owl-and (owl-some b/occurrent_part_of b/history) (owl-some b/exists_at b/zero-dimensional_temporal_region))) -(add-superclass phase (owl-some phase-of o/owl-thing)) +(add-superclass tqme-ontology phase (owl-some phase-of o/owl-thing)) -(add-superclass b/material_entity (owl-some b/has_history b/history)) +(add-superclass tqme-ontology b/material_entity (owl-some b/has_history b/history)) (defoproperty has-min-tqme @@ -71,7 +68,7 @@ ) ) -(add-subchain has-min-tqme [b/has_history b/has_occurrent_part phase-of]) +(add-subchain tqme-ontology has-min-tqme [b/has_history b/has_occurrent_part phase-of]) (defoproperty min-tqme-of :label "minimal temporally qualified material entity of" @@ -84,23 +81,47 @@ :comment "the relation between a temporally qualified material entity and a maximal one" ) -(add-subchain has-max-tqme [has-phase b/part_of_occurrent b/history_of]) +(add-subchain tqme-ontology has-max-tqme [has-phase b/occurrent_part_of b/history_of]) (defoproperty max-tqme-of :label "maximal material entity of" :domain b/material_entity :inverse has-max-tqme) -(add-subproperty min-tqme-of has-max-tqme) -(add-subproperty has-min-tqme max-tqme-of) +(add-subproperty tqme-ontology min-tqme-of has-max-tqme) +(add-subproperty tqme-ontology has-min-tqme max-tqme-of) ;; we steal a bit of stuff from tawny.owl to build our generators -(defmontfn +(defn guess-type-args - {:doc "Broadcasting version of guess-type" + {:doc "Broadcasting version of guess-type" :private true} - [o & args] - (guess-type o args)) + ;; unwind to avoid variadic args for the most common calls. + ([a] + (guess-type a)) + ([a b] + (or + (guess-type a) + (guess-type b))) + ([a b c] + (or + (guess-type a) + (guess-type b) + (guess-type c))) + ([a b c d] + (or + (guess-type a) + (guess-type b) + (guess-type c) + (guess-type d))) + ([a b c d & args] + (or + (guess-type a) + (guess-type b) + (guess-type c) + (guess-type d) + ;; guess-type already copes with collections + (guess-type args)))) (defmulti phase-perm-spec "Returns a restriction on an phase that is scoped as permanently specific" @@ -114,21 +135,21 @@ (defmethod phase-perm-spec nil [& rest] (apply guess-type-error rest)) -(defmontfn ophase-perm-spec +(defno ophase-perm-spec {:doc "Returns a restriction on an phase that is scoped as permanently specific." :arglists '([& clazzes] [ontology & clazzes])} [o class] - (owl-some o phase-of class)) + (owl-some phase-of class)) (defmethod phase-perm-spec :tawny.owl/object [& rest] (apply ophase-perm-spec rest)) -(defmontfn object-perm-spec +(defno object-perm-spec {:doc "Returns a restriction on a material entity that is scoped as permanently specific." :arglists '([& clazzes] [ontology & clazzes])} [o class] - (owl-some o b/has_history (phase-perm-spec o class))) + (owl-some b/has_history (phase-perm-spec o class))) (defn perm-spec [o class] @@ -136,13 +157,13 @@ (defn temp [o ctor relation class] - (owl-some o + (owl-some has-max-tqme - (owl-some o + (owl-some has-min-tqme - (ctor o + (ctor relation - (owl-some o min-tqme-of class) + (owl-some min-tqme-of class) ) ) ) @@ -151,10 +172,10 @@ (defn perm-gen [o ctor relation class] (owl-and - (owl-some o has-min-tqme - (ctor o relation (owl-some o min-tqme-of class))) - (owl-only o has-min-tqme - (ctor o relation (owl-some o min-tqme-of class))) + (owl-some has-min-tqme + (ctor relation (owl-some min-tqme-of class))) + (owl-only has-min-tqme + (ctor relation (owl-some min-tqme-of class))) ) ) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/main/resources/bfo.owl b/src/main/resources/bfo.owl index 8b92b0a..5735b42 100644 --- a/src/main/resources/bfo.owl +++ b/src/main/resources/bfo.owl @@ -1,58 +1,51 @@ - + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:obo="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/" + xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> - Alan Ruttenberg - Bill Duncan - Stefan Schulz - Melanie Courtot - BFO 2 Reference: BFO does not claim to be a complete coverage of all entities. It seeks only to provide coverage of those entities studied by empirical science together with those entities which affect or are involved in human activities such as data processing and planning – coverage that is sufficiently broad to provide assistance to those engaged in building domain ontologies for purposes of data annotation [17 - Mark Ressler - Fabian Neuhaus - Thomas Bittner - Bjoern Peters - Mauricio Almeida - David Osumi-Sutherland - BFO 2 Reference: For both terms and relational expressions in BFO, we distinguish between primitive and defined. ‘Entity’ is an example of one such primitive term. Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms that are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms. - Leonard Jacuzzo - Janna Hastings - Mathias Brochhausen - Randall Dipert - Larry Hunter - Robert Rovetto - Albert Goldfain - Chris Mungall - Barry Smith - Ludger Jansen - This is an early version of BFO version 2 and has not yet been extensively reviewed by the project team members. Please see the project site http://code.google.com/p/bfo/ , the bfo2 owl discussion group http://groups.google.com/group/bfo-owl-devel , the bfo2 discussion group http://groups.google.com/group/bfo-devel, the tracking google doc http://goo.gl/IlrEE, and the current version of the bfo2 reference http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/dev/bfo2-reference.docx . This ontology is generated from a specification at http://bfo.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/src/ontology/owl-group/specification/ and with the code that generates the OWL version in http://bfo.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/src/tools/. A very early version of BFO version 2 in CLIF is at http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/dev/bfo.clif - Werner Ceusters - Pierre Grenon - BFO 2 Reference: BFO’s treatment of continuants and occurrents – as also its treatment of regions, rests on a dichotomy between space and time, and on the view that there are two perspectives on reality – earlier called the ‘SNAP’ and ‘SPAN’ perspectives, both of which are essential to the non-reductionist representation of reality as we understand it from the best available science [30 - Jonathan Bona - Ron Rudnicki - Jie Zheng - James A. Overton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + Mathias Brochhausen + Ron Rudnicki + BFO 2020 + Janna Hastings + Leonard Jacuzzo + Randall Dipert + Barry Smith + Larry Hunter + Stefan Schulz + Werner Ceusters + + Jonathan Bona + Robert Rovetto + Albert Goldfain + Yongqun "Oliver" He + Bjoern Peters + Melanie Courtot + Alan Ruttenberg + Bill Duncan + Ludger Jansen + Thomas Bittner + Chris Mungall + Jie Zheng + John Beverley + Mauricio Almeida + Mark Ressler + The most recent version of this file will always be in the GitHub repository https://github.com/bfo-ontology/bfo-2020 + Mark Jensen + Neil Otte + David Osumi-Sutherland + Pierre Grenon + James A. Overton + Fabian Neuhaus + A temporal extension of Basic Formal Ontology implemented in the Web Ontology Language (OWL 2) with direct semantics. @@ -65,594 +58,251 @@ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// --> - - BFO OWL specification label - Really of interest to developers only - Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. - - - - BFO CLIF specification label - Person:Alan Ruttenberg - Really of interest to developers only - Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 - - - - - - has axiom label - - - - definition - - - - has associated axiom(nl) - - - - - editor note - - - - has associated axiom(fol) - - + + + + + - - imported from - - - - curator note - - - - definition source - - - - - term editor - - - - alternative term - - - - elucidation - - - - editor preferred term - - - - example of usage - - - + + - + + - + - - inheres in at all times - BFO 2 Reference: Inherence is a subrelation of s-depends_on which holds between a dependent continuant and an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. Since dependent continuants cannot migrate from one independent continuant bearer to another, it follows that if b s-depends_on independent continuant c at some time, then b s-depends_on c at all times at which a exists. Inherence is in this sense redundantly time-indexed.For example, consider the particular instance of openness inhering in my mouth at t as I prepare to take a bite out of a donut, followed by a closedness at t+1 when I bite the donut and start chewing. The openness instance is then shortlived, and to say that it s-depends_on my mouth at all times at which this openness exists, means: at all times during this short life. Every time you make a fist, you make a new (instance of the universal) fist. (Every time your hand has the fist-shaped quality, there is created a new instance of the universal fist-shaped quality.) - inheresInAt - inheres-in_at - (iff (inheresInAt a b t) (and (DependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [051-002] - BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'inheres in at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'inheres in@en(x,y,t)'. - BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant - b inheres_in c at t =Def. b is a dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [051-002]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b inheres_in c at t =Def. b is a dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [051-002]) - - - - - - (iff (inheresInAt a b t) (and (DependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [051-002] - - - - - - - - - - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - bearer of at some time - (iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004] - BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'bearer of at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'bearer of@en'(x,y,t) - BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant - b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004]) - bearerOfAt - bearer-of_st - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004]) - - - - - - (iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004] - - - - - - - - - - - realized in - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (Process y) (realizesAt y x t) (bearerOfAt z x t)) (hasParticipantAt y z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [106-002] - [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) - if a realizable entity b is realized in a process p, then p stands in the has_participant relation to the bearer of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [106-002]) - realized-in - realizedIn - + - + + 206-BFO + has realization + realized in + b has realization c =Def c realizes b + As for realizes + has realization - - if a realizable entity b is realized in a process p, then p stands in the has_participant relation to the bearer of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [106-002]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (Process y) (realizesAt y x t) (bearerOfAt z x t)) (hasParticipantAt y z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [106-002] - - - - - realizes - (forall (x y t) (if (realizesAt x y t) (and (Process x) (or (Disposition y) (Role y)) (exists (z) (and (MaterialEntity z) (hasParticipantAt x z t) (bearerOfAt z y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [059-003] - realizes - realizes - to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) - - + 059-BFO + realizes + (Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c + A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart + realizes - - (forall (x y t) (if (realizesAt x y t) (and (Process x) (or (Disposition y) (Role y)) (exists (z) (and (MaterialEntity z) (hasParticipantAt x z t) (bearerOfAt z y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [059-003] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) - - - - - participates in at some time - [copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: process - [copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has participant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has participant@en'(x,y,t) - [copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region, specifically dependent continuant, generically dependent continuant - participates-in_st - [copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003]) - [copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. - participatesInAt - - + - - + + + - + + + + + + - + + + 250-BFO + participates in + (Elucidation) participates in holds between some b that is either a specifically dependent continuant or generically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region & some process p such that b participates in p some way + participates in at some time - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - has participant at some time - (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [088-001] - has-participant_st - hasParticipantAt - BFO2 Reference: process - (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [087-001] - (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (existsAt y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [089-001] - (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003] - (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003] - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has participant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has participant@en'(x,y,t) - BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. - BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region, specifically dependent continuant, generically dependent continuant - has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003]) - if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003]) - if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003]) - if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001]) - if b has_participant c at t then c exists at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [089-001]) - if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001]) - - - - + + + - + + + + + + - + - - - - + 248-BFO + has participant + p has participant c =Def c participates in p + has participant at some time - - if b has_participant c at t then c exists at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [089-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (existsAt y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [089-001] - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [087-001] - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003] - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003] - - - - - - if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003]) - - - - - - if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [088-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003]) - - - - - - if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001]) - - - - - concretized by at some time - concretized-by_st - [copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] you may concretize a poem as a pattern of memory traces in your head - [copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002]) - [copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] You may concretize a piece of software by installing it in your computer - [copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'concretizes at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'concretizes@en'(x,y,t) - [copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] You may concretize a recipe that you find in a cookbook by turning it into a plan which exists as a realizable dependent continuant in your head. - + - + + + + + + + + + 258-BFO + is concretized by + c is concretized by b =Def b concretizes c + is concretized by at some time - - - - - - - - - - - - - concretizes at some time - concretizesAt - (forall (x y t) (if (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (concretizesAt z x t) (specificallyDependsOnAt z y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [076-001] - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'concretizes at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'concretizes@en'(x,y,t) - (forall (x y t) (if (concretizesAt x y t) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (genericallyDependsOnAt y z t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [075-002] - concretizes_st - You may concretize a piece of software by installing it in your computer - You may concretize a recipe that you find in a cookbook by turning it into a plan which exists as a realizable dependent continuant in your head. - b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002]) - if b g-depends on c at some time t, then there is some d, such that d concretizes b at t and d s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [076-001]) - you may concretize a poem as a pattern of memory traces in your head - + + + + + + + + - - + 256-BFO + concretizes + b concretizes c =Def b is a process or a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & there is some time t such that c is the pattern or content which b shares at t with actual or potential copies + concretizes at some time + + + + + + + + + + + + 213-BFO + preceded by + b preceded by c =Def b precedes c + The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match + preceded by + + + + + + + + + + + 270-BFO + precedes + (Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants + The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death. + precedes + Each temporal region is its own temporal extent. The temporal extent of a spatiotemporal region is the temporal region it temporally projects onto. The temporal extent of a process or process boundary that occupies temporal region t is t. + Precedes defines a strict partial order on occurrents. - - (forall (x y t) (if (concretizesAt x y t) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (genericallyDependsOnAt y z t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [075-002] - - - - - - if b g-depends on c at some time t, then there is some d, such that d concretizes b at t and d s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [076-001]) - - - - - - b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (concretizesAt z x t) (specificallyDependsOnAt z y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [076-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - occurs in - occursIn - b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t [XXX-001 - occurs-in - - - - - - - - - - + @@ -661,615 +311,83 @@ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + 143-BFO + occurs in + b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t + A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank + occurs in + - + - - contains process - contains-process - containsProcess - [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t [XXX-001 - + + + - - - - + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + 235-BFO + located in at all times + b located in c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (b and c are independent continuants and not spatial regions, and the spatial region which b occupies at t is a (proper or improper) continuant part of the spatial region which c occupies at t) + located in at all times - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - specifically depends on at all times - (forall (x y t) (if (and (Entity x) (or (continuantPartOfAt y x t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y x))) (not (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [013-002] - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [054-002] - specificallyDependsOn - (forall (x y t) (if (and (Occurrent x) (IndependentContinuant y) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t_1))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [015-002] - A pain s-depends_on the organism that is experiencing the pain - BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant\; process; process boundary - s-depends-on_at - (forall (x) (if (exists (y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (not (MaterialEntity x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [052-001] - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'specifically depends on at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'specifically depends on@en(x,y,t)'. - (forall (x y t) (if (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [136-001] - BFO 2 Reference: An entity – for example an act of communication or a game of football – can s-depends_on more than one entity. Complex phenomena for example in the psychological and social realms (such as inferring, commanding and requesting) or in the realm of multi-organismal biological processes (such as infection and resistance), will involve multiple families of dependence relations, involving both continuants and occurrents [1, 4, 28 - BFO 2 Reference: S-dependence is just one type of dependence among many; it is what, in the literature, is referred to as ‘existential dependence’ [87, 46, 65, 20 - BFO 2 Reference: the relation of s-depends_on does not in every case require simultaneous existence of its relata. Note the difference between such cases and the cases of continuant universals defined historically: the act of answering depends existentially on the prior act of questioning; the human being who was baptized or who answered a question does not himself depend existentially on the prior act of baptism or answering. He would still exist even if these acts had never taken place. - If b is s-depends_on something at some time, then b is not a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [052-001]) - If b s-depends_on something at t, then there is some c, which is an independent continuant and not a spatial region, such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [136-001]) - If occurrent b s-depends_on some independent continuant c at t, then b s-depends_on c at every time at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [015-002]) - To say that b s-depends_on a at t is to say that b and c do not share common parts & b is of its nature such that it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c and b is not a site of which c is the host [64 - a gait s-depends_on the walking object. (All at some specific time.) - a shape s-depends_on the shaped object - an entity does not s-depend_on any of its (continuant or occurrent) parts or on anything it is part of. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [013-002]) - if b s-depends_on c at t & c s-depends_on d at t then b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [054-002]) - one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of headache s-depends_on some head - one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of temperature s-depends_on some organism - one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: a process of cell death s-depends_on a cell - one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: an instance of seeing (a relational process) s-depends_on some organism and on some seen entity, which may be an occurrent or a continuant - one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of answering a question is dependent on a prior process of asking a question - one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of obeying a command is dependent on a prior process of issuing a command - one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of hitting a ball with a cricket bat - one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of paying cash to a merchant in exchange for a bag of figs - reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of buying and the associated process of selling - reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of increasing the volume of a portion of gas while temperature remains constant and the associated process of decreasing the pressure exerted by the gas - reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: in a game of chess the process of playing with the white pieces is mutually dependent on the process of playing with the black pieces - the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: football match on the players, the ground, the ball - the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: handwave on a hand - the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the hue, saturation and brightness of a color [45 - the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the pitch, timbre and volume of a tone [45 - the two-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the roles of husband and wife [20 - - - - - if b s-depends_on c at t & c s-depends_on d at t then b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [054-002]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [136-001] - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (Entity x) (or (continuantPartOfAt y x t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y x))) (not (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [013-002] - - - - - - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [054-002] - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (exists (y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (not (MaterialEntity x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [052-001] - - - - - - If occurrent b s-depends_on some independent continuant c at t, then b s-depends_on c at every time at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [015-002]) - - - - - - If b s-depends_on something at t, then there is some c, which is an independent continuant and not a spatial region, such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [136-001]) - - - - - - an entity does not s-depend_on any of its (continuant or occurrent) parts or on anything it is part of. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [013-002]) - - - - - - If b is s-depends_on something at some time, then b is not a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [052-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (Occurrent x) (IndependentContinuant y) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t_1))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [015-002] - - - - - - - - - - - function of at all times - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'function of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'function of@en(x,y,t)'. - f-of_at - (iff (functionOf a b t) (and (Function a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [067-001] - functionOfAt - a function_of b at t =Def. a is a function and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [067-001]) - - - - - - a function_of b at t =Def. a is a function and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [067-001]) - - - - - - (iff (functionOf a b t) (and (Function a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [067-001] - - - - - - - - - - - + - - quality of at all times - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'quality of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'quality of@en(x,y,t)'. - b quality_of c at t = Def. b is a quality & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [056-002]) - q-of_at - (iff (qualityOfAt a b t) (and (Quality a) (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [056-002] - qualityOfAt - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 252-BFO + generically depends on + g-depends on + b generically depends on c =Def b is a generically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & at some time t there inheres in c a specifically dependent continuant which concretizes b at t + generically depends on at some time - - b quality_of c at t = Def. b is a quality & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [056-002]) - - - - - - (iff (qualityOfAt a b t) (and (Quality a) (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [056-002] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - role of at all times - roleOfAt - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'role of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'role of@en(x,y,t)'. - (iff (roleOfAt a b t) (and (Role a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [065-001] - a role_of b at t =Def. a is a role and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [065-001]) - r-of_at - - - - - - (iff (roleOfAt a b t) (and (Role a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [065-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - a role_of b at t =Def. a is a role and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [065-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - located in at all times - located-in_at - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (locatedInAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [049-001] - locatedInAt - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'located in at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'located in@en(x,y,t)'. - (iff (locatedInAt a b t) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (exists (r_1 r_2) (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt a r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt b r_2 t) (continuantPartOfAt r_1 r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [045-001] - BFO2 Reference: independent continuant - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [048-001] - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (locatedInAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [046-001] - Located_in is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [046-001]) - Mary located_in Salzburg - b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001]) - for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [048-001]) - for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [049-001]) - the Empire State Building located_in New York. - this portion of cocaine located_in this portion of blood - this stem cell located_in this portion of bone marrow - your arm located_in your body - - - - - for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [048-001]) - - - - - - for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [049-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [048-001] - - - - - - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (locatedInAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [049-001] - - - - - - b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001]) - - - - - - Located_in is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [046-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (locatedInAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [046-001] - - - - - - (iff (locatedInAt a b t) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (exists (r_1 r_2) (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt a r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt b r_2 t) (continuantPartOfAt r_1 r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [045-001] - - - - - - - - - - - occupies spatial region at some time - occupiesSpatialRegionAt - (forall (r t) (if (Region r) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt r r t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [042-002] - BFO2 Reference: spatial region - located-at-r_st - (forall (x y r_1 t) (if (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r_1 t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (exists (r_2) (and (continuantPartOfAt r_2 r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt y r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [043-001] - (forall (x r t) (if (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r t) (and (SpatialRegion r) (IndependentContinuant x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [041-002] - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'occupies spatial region at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'occupies spatial region@en'(x,y,t) - BFO2 Reference: independent continuant - b occupies_spatial_region r at t means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [041-002]) - every region r is occupies_spatial_region r at all times. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [042-002]) - if b occupies_spatial_region r at t & b continuant_part_of b at t, then there is some r which is continuant_part_of r at t such that b occupies_spatial_region r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [043-001]) - - - - - - - b occupies_spatial_region r at t means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [041-002]) - - - - - - (forall (x y r_1 t) (if (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r_1 t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (exists (r_2) (and (continuantPartOfAt r_2 r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt y r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [043-001] - - - - - - (forall (x r t) (if (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r t) (and (SpatialRegion r) (IndependentContinuant x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [041-002] - - - - - - every region r is occupies_spatial_region r at all times. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [042-002]) - - - - - - (forall (r t) (if (Region r) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt r r t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [042-002] - - - - - - - - - - - - if b occupies_spatial_region r at t & b continuant_part_of b at t, then there is some r which is continuant_part_of r at t such that b occupies_spatial_region r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [043-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - generically depends on at some time - genericallyDependsOn - g-depends-on_st - BFO2 Reference: generically dependent continuant - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'generically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'generically depends on@en'(x,y,t) - (forall (x y) (if (exists (t) (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (exists (z) (genericallyDependsOnAt x z t_1)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [073-001] - BFO2 Reference: independent continuant - b g-depends on c at t1 means: b exists at t1 and c exists at t1 & for some type B it holds that (c instantiates B at t1) & necessarily, for all t (if b exists at t then some instance_of B exists at t) & not (b s-depends_on c at t1). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [072-002]) - if b g-depends_on c at some time t, then b g-depends_on something at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [073-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x y) (if (exists (t) (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (exists (z) (genericallyDependsOnAt x z t_1)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [073-001] - - - - - - b g-depends on c at t1 means: b exists at t1 and c exists at t1 & for some type B it holds that (c instantiates B at t1) & necessarily, for all t (if b exists at t then some instance_of B exists at t) & not (b s-depends_on c at t1). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [072-002]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - if b g-depends_on c at some time t, then b g-depends_on something at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [073-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - has function at some time - hasFunctionAt - (iff (hasFunctionAt a b t) (functionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [070-001] - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has function at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has function@en'(x,y,t) - a has_function b at t =Def. b function_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [070-001]) - has-f_st - - - - - - - - - - - - (iff (hasFunctionAt a b t) (functionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [070-001] - - - - - - a has_function b at t =Def. b function_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [070-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - has quality at some time - has-q_st - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - has role at some time - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has role at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has role@en'(x,y,t) - a has_role b at t =Def. b role_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [068-001]) - hasRoleAt - (iff (hasRoleAt a b t) (roleOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [068-001] - has-r_st - - - - - - (iff (hasRoleAt a b t) (roleOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [068-001] - - - - - - a has_role b at t =Def. b role_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [068-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - has generic dependent at some time - [copied from inverse property 'generically depends on at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant - has-g-dep_st - [copied from inverse property 'generically depends on at some time'] b g-depends on c at t1 means: b exists at t1 and c exists at t1 & for some type B it holds that (c instantiates B at t1) & necessarily, for all t (if b exists at t then some instance_of B exists at t) & not (b s-depends_on c at t1). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [072-002]) - [copied from inverse property 'generically depends on at some time'] BFO2 Reference: generically dependent continuant - [copied from inverse property 'generically depends on at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'generically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'generically depends on@en'(x,y,t) - - - - - - @@ -1280,704 +398,194 @@ + + 254-BFO + is carrier of + b is carrier of c =Def there is some time t such that c generically depends on b at t + is carrier of at some time - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - disposition of at all times - (iff (dispositionOf a b t) (and (Disposition a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [066-001] - dispositionOfAt - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'disposition of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'disposition of@en(x,y,t)'. - a disposition_of b at t =Def. a is a disposition and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [066-001]) - d-of_at - - - - - - a disposition_of b at t =Def. a is a disposition and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [066-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - (iff (dispositionOf a b t) (and (Disposition a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [066-001] - - - - - exists at - exists-at - existsAt - BFO2 Reference: entity - BFO2 Reference: temporal region - b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002]) - - + 118-BFO + exists at + (Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists + First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000 + exists at - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002]) - - - - - - has continuant part at all times - hasContinuantPartAt - (iff (hasContinuantPartAt a b t) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [006-001] - b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001]) - c-has-part_at - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times that whole exists'] forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'part of continuant'(x,y,t) - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times that whole exists'] This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'has continuant part at all times' - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has continuant part@en(x,y,t)'. - + + + 223-BFO + has continuant part at all times + b has continuant part c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (b and c are continuants & b is a part of c at t) + has continuant part at all times - - b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001]) - - - - - - (iff (hasContinuantPartAt a b t) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [006-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - has proper continuant part at all times - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has proper continuant part at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has proper continuant part@en(x,y,t)'. - hasProperContinuantPartAt - c-has-ppart_at - b has_proper_continuant_part c at t = Def. c proper_continuant_part_of b at t. [XXX-001 - - - - - - - - - has disposition at some time - has-d_st - hasDispositionAt - (iff (hasDispositionAt a b t) (dispositionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [069-001] - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has disposition at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has disposition@en'(x,y,t) - a has_disposition b at t =Def. b disposition_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [069-001]) - - - + + + 227-BFO + has proper continuant part at all times + b has proper continuant part c at all times =Def c proper continuant part of b at all times + has proper continuant part at all times - - - - - - - - (iff (hasDispositionAt a b t) (dispositionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [069-001] - - - - - - a has_disposition b at t =Def. b disposition_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [069-001]) - - - - - has material basis at all times - has-material-basis_at - hasMaterialBasisAt - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has material basis at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has material basis@en(x,y,t)'. - (forall (x y t) (if (hasMaterialBasisAt x y t) (and (Disposition x) (MaterialEntity y) (exists (z) (and (bearerOfAt z x t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t) (exists (w) (and (Disposition w) (if (hasDisposition z w) (continuantPartOfAt y z t))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [071-002] - b has_material_basis c at t means: b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer_of b at t& c continuant_part_of d at t& d has_disposition b at t because c continuant_part_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [071-002]) - the material basis of John’s disposition to cough is the viral infection in John’s upper respiratory tract - the material basis of the disposition to wear unevenly of John’s tires is the worn suspension of his car. + - + 243-BFO + has material basis at all times + b has material basis c at all times =Def For all times t, b exists at t implies (b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer of b & c continuant part of d at t & d has disposition b because c continuant part of d at t) + has material basis at all times - - - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (hasMaterialBasisAt x y t) (and (Disposition x) (MaterialEntity y) (exists (z) (and (bearerOfAt z x t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t) (exists (w) (and (Disposition w) (if (hasDisposition z w) (continuantPartOfAt y z t))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [071-002] - - - - - - b has_material_basis c at t means: b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer_of b at t& c continuant_part_of d at t& d has_disposition b at t because c continuant_part_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [071-002]) - - - - - - - - - - - has member part at some time - [copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] BFO2 Reference: object - [copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'member part of at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'member part of@en'(x,y,t) - [copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] each piece in a chess set is a member part of the chess set; each Beatle in the collection called The Beatles is a member part of The Beatles. - [copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n &gt; 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004]) - [copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] each tree in a forest is a member_part of the forest - has-member-part_st - [copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] BFO2 Reference: object aggregate - - - + + + + 230-BFO + has member part + b has member part c =Def c member part of b + has member part at some time - - - - - - - - - - - - + - has occurrent part - [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] Mary’s 5th birthday occurrent_part_of Mary’s life - [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] the first set of the tennis match occurrent_part_of the tennis match. - [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion. - (iff (hasOccurrentPart a b) (occurrentPartOf b a)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [007-001] - [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] BFO2 Reference: occurrent - o-has-part - hasOccurrentPart - [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [003-002]) - [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] The process of a footballer’s heart beating once is an occurrent part but not a temporal_part of a game of football. - b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001]) - + 202-BFO + has occurrent part + b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b + Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday + has occurrent part - - (iff (hasOccurrentPart a b) (occurrentPartOf b a)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [007-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001]) - - - - + + - has proper occurrent part - [copied from inverse property 'proper part of occurrent'] b proper_occurrent_part_of c =Def. b occurrent_part_of c & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [005-001]) - hasProperOccurrentPart - o-has-ppart - b has_proper_occurrent_part c = Def. c proper_occurrent_part_of b. [XXX-001 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - has profile - has-profile - - - + + 154-BFO + has proper occurrent part + b has proper occurrent part c =Def b has occurrent part c & b and c are not identical + As for has occurrent part. + has proper occurrent part - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - has temporal part - [copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life\. The first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game\. The process of your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the entire process of your heart beating.\ The 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life - [copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating - [copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life. - [copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] b proper_temporal_part_of c =Def. b temporal_part_of c & not (b = c). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [116-001]) - has-t-part - [copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] b temporal_part_of c =Def.b occurrent_part_of c & & for some temporal region t, b occupies_temporal_region t & for all occurrents d, t (if d occupies_temporal_region t & t? occurrent_part_of t then (d occurrent_part_of a iff d occurrent_part_of b)). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [078-003]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - has spatial occupant at some time - r-location-of_st - [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant - [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] b occupies_spatial_region r at t means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [041-002]) - [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'occupies spatial region at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'occupies spatial region@en'(x,y,t) - [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] BFO2 Reference: spatial region - - - + + 211-BFO + has temporal part + b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b + Your life has temporal part the first year of your life. + has temporal part - - - - - - - - - - - - - has location at some time - [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] Mary located_in Salzburg - has-location_st - [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] your arm located_in your body - [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'located in at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'located in@en'(x,y,t) - [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant - [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] this portion of cocaine located_in this portion of blood - [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] this stem cell located_in this portion of bone marrow - [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001]) - [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] the Empire State Building located_in New York. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - has specific dependent at some time - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of increasing the volume of a portion of gas while temperature remains constant and the associated process of decreasing the pressure exerted by the gas - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of hitting a ball with a cricket bat - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of paying cash to a merchant in exchange for a bag of figs - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: football match on the players, the ground, the ball - has-s-dep_st - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: S-dependence is just one type of dependence among many; it is what, in the literature, is referred to as ‘existential dependence’ [87, 46, 65, 20 - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] a shape s-depends_on the shaped object - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of headache s-depends_on some head - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the pitch, timbre and volume of a tone [45 - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: an instance of seeing (a relational process) s-depends_on some organism and on some seen entity, which may be an occurrent or a continuant - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] a gait s-depends_on the walking object. (All at some specific time.) - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] To say that b s-depends_on a at t is to say that b and c do not share common parts & b is of its nature such that it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c and b is not a site of which c is the host [64 - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: the relation of s-depends_on does not in every case require simultaneous existence of its relata. Note the difference between such cases and the cases of continuant universals defined historically: the act of answering depends existentially on the prior act of questioning; the human being who was baptized or who answered a question does not himself depend existentially on the prior act of baptism or answering. He would still exist even if these acts had never taken place. - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: in a game of chess the process of playing with the white pieces is mutually dependent on the process of playing with the black pieces - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the hue, saturation and brightness of a color [45 - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'specifically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'specifically depends on@en'(x,y,t) - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of buying and the associated process of selling - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of answering a question is dependent on a prior process of asking a question - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of obeying a command is dependent on a prior process of issuing a command - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: An entity – for example an act of communication or a game of football – can s-depends_on more than one entity. Complex phenomena for example in the psychological and social realms (such as inferring, commanding and requesting) or in the realm of multi-organismal biological processes (such as infection and resistance), will involve multiple families of dependence relations, involving both continuants and occurrents [1, 4, 28 - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] A pain s-depends_on the organism that is experiencing the pain - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: handwave on a hand - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the two-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the roles of husband and wife [20 - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: a process of cell death s-depends_on a cell - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant\; process; process boundary - [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of temperature s-depends_on some organism - + - - - + + - - - - - - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - has spatiotemporal occupant - occupied-by - [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatiotemporal region'] BFO 2 Reference: The occupies_spatiotemporal_region and occupies_temporal_region relations are the counterpart, on the occurrent side, of the relation occupies_spatial_region. - [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatiotemporal region'] p occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [082-003]) - - - + + 236-BFO + location of + b location of c =Def c located in b + location of at some time - - - - - - - - - - - - - material basis of at some time - material-basis-of_st - + - + + 244-BFO + material basis of + b material basis of c =Def c has material basis b + material basis of at some time - - - - - - - - - - - - - member part of at some time - BFO2 Reference: object aggregate - member-part-of_st - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'member part of at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'member part of@en'(x,y,t) - (forall (x y t) (if (memberPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [104-001] - BFO2 Reference: object - b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n &gt; 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004]) - each piece in a chess set is a member part of the chess set; each Beatle in the collection called The Beatles is a member part of The Beatles. - each tree in a forest is a member_part of the forest - if b member_part_of c at t then b continuant_part_of c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [104-001]) - memberPartOfAt - - - - - - - - b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n &gt; 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004]) - - - - - - if b member_part_of c at t then b continuant_part_of c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [104-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (memberPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [104-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - occupies spatiotemporal region - occupies - BFO 2 Reference: The occupies_spatiotemporal_region and occupies_temporal_region relations are the counterpart, on the occurrent side, of the relation occupies_spatial_region. - occupiesSpatiotemporalRegion - p occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [082-003]) - - - - + + + 228-BFO + member part of + b member part of c =Def b is an object & c is a material entity & there is some time t such that b continuant part of c at t & there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, ..., xn (for some n ≠ 1) with b = xi (for some 1 <= i <= n) + member part of at some time - - - - - - - - - - - - - - p occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [082-003]) - - - - @@ -1985,960 +593,161 @@ - part of occurrent - [copied from inverse property 'has occurrent part'] b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001]) - BFO2 Reference: occurrent - (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (occurrentPartOf x x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [113-002] - (forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (occurrentPartOf y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [123-001] - occurrentPartOf - (forall (x y z) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y z)) (occurrentPartOf x z))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [112-001] - o-part-of - (forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (occurrentPartOf v x t) (occurrentPartOf v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (occurrentPartOf w u t) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [125-001] - (forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (occurrentPartOf z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [124-001] - BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion. - Mary’s 5th birthday occurrent_part_of Mary’s life - The process of a footballer’s heart beating once is an occurrent part but not a temporal_part of a game of football. - b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [003-002]) - occurrent_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [123-001]) - occurrent_part_of is reflexive (every occurrent entity is an occurrent_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [113-002]) - occurrent_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [112-001]) - occurrent_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [125-001]) - occurrent_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [124-001]) - the first set of the tennis match occurrent_part_of the tennis match. - - - - - - (forall (x y z) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y z)) (occurrentPartOf x z))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [112-001] - - - - - - occurrent_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [125-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (occurrentPartOf v x t) (occurrentPartOf v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (occurrentPartOf w u t) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [125-001] - - - - - - occurrent_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [112-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (occurrentPartOf y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [123-001] - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (occurrentPartOf x x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [113-002] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [003-002]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (occurrentPartOf z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [124-001] - - - - - - occurrent_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [123-001]) - - - - - - occurrent_part_of is reflexive (every occurrent entity is an occurrent_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [113-002]) - - - - - - - - - - - - occurrent_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [124-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - process profile of - profile-of - processProfileOf - - - - + + 003-BFO + occurrent part of + (Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c + Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match + occurrent part of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - proper temporal part of - t-ppart-of - properTemporalPartOf - - - - + + + 116-BFO + proper temporal part of + b proper temporal part of c =Def b temporal part of c & not (b = c) + As for temporal part of. + proper temporal part of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - proper part of continuant at all times - (iff (properContinuantPartOfAt a b t) (and (continuantPartOfAt a b t) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [004-001] - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'proper part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'proper part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'. - b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001]) - properContinuantPartOfAt - c-ppart-of_at - + + + + 225-BFO + proper continuant part of at all times + b proper continuant part of c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (b continuant part of c at t & not (c proper continuant part of b at t)) + proper continuant part of at all times - - b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001]) - - - - - - (iff (properContinuantPartOfAt a b t) (and (continuantPartOfAt a b t) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [004-001] - - - - + - proper part of occurrent - (iff (properOccurrentPartOf a b) (and (occurrentPartOf a b) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [005-001] - b proper_occurrent_part_of c =Def. b occurrent_part_of c & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [005-001]) - o-ppart-of - properOccurrentPartOf - [copied from inverse property 'has proper occurrent part'] b has_proper_occurrent_part c = Def. c proper_occurrent_part_of b. [XXX-001 - - - - + + 005-BFO + proper occurrent part of + b proper occurrent part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & b and c are not identical + As for occurrent part of. + proper occurrent part of - - - - - - - - b proper_occurrent_part_of c =Def. b occurrent_part_of c & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [005-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - (iff (properOccurrentPartOf a b) (and (occurrentPartOf a b) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [005-001] - - - - - - - - - - + - temporal part of - t-part-of - (iff (temporalPartOf a b) (and (occurrentPartOf a b) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion a t))) (forall (c t_1) (if (and (Occurrent c) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion c t_1) (occurrentPartOf t_1 r)) (iff (occurrentPartOf c a) (occurrentPartOf c b)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [078-003] - (iff (properTemporalPartOf a b) (and (temporalPartOf a b) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [116-001] - temporalPartOf - (forall (x y) (if (properTemporalPartOf x y) (exists (z) (and (properTemporalPartOf z y) (not (exists (w) (and (temporalPartOf w x) (temporalPartOf w z)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [117-002] - b proper_temporal_part_of c =Def. b temporal_part_of c & not (b = c). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [116-001]) - b temporal_part_of c =Def.b occurrent_part_of c & & for some temporal region t, b occupies_temporal_region t & for all occurrents d, t (if d occupies_temporal_region t & t? occurrent_part_of t then (d occurrent_part_of a iff d occurrent_part_of b)). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [078-003]) - if b proper_temporal_part_of c, then there is some d which is a proper_temporal_part_of c and which shares no parts with b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [117-002]) - the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life\. The first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game\. The process of your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the entire process of your heart beating.\ The 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life - the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life. - your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating - - - - + + 078-BFO + temporal part of + b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies) + Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game + temporal part of - - (forall (x y) (if (properTemporalPartOf x y) (exists (z) (and (properTemporalPartOf z y) (not (exists (w) (and (temporalPartOf w x) (temporalPartOf w z)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [117-002] - - - - - - - - - - - - b temporal_part_of c =Def.b occurrent_part_of c & & for some temporal region t, b occupies_temporal_region t & for all occurrents d, t (if d occupies_temporal_region t & t? occurrent_part_of t then (d occurrent_part_of a iff d occurrent_part_of b)). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [078-003]) - - - - - - b proper_temporal_part_of c =Def. b temporal_part_of c & not (b = c). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [116-001]) - - - - - - (iff (properTemporalPartOf a b) (and (temporalPartOf a b) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [116-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - if b proper_temporal_part_of c, then there is some d which is a proper_temporal_part_of c and which shares no parts with b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [117-002]) - - - - - - - - - - - - (iff (temporalPartOf a b) (and (occurrentPartOf a b) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion a t))) (forall (c t_1) (if (and (Occurrent c) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion c t_1) (occurrentPartOf t_1 r)) (iff (occurrentPartOf c a) (occurrentPartOf c b)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [078-003] - - - - - + - - projects onto spatial region at some time - st-projects-onto-s_st - + + - - + + 080-BFO + temporally projects onto + (Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s + The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle + temporally projects onto - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - spatial projection of spatiotemporal at some time - s-projection-of-st_st - - - + + + + + 245-BFO + material basis of at all times + b material basis of c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (c has material basis b at t) + material basis of at all times - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - projects onto temporal region - st-projects-onto-t - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + 257-BFO + concretizes at all times + an s-dependent continuant b concretizes a g-dependent continuant c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (c is the pattern or content which b shares at t with actual or potential copies) + concretizes at all times - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - temporal projection of spatiotemporal - t-projection-of-st - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - occupies temporal region - occupiesTemporalRegion - spans - p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [132-001]) - - - - - - - - p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [132-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - has temporal occupant - [copied from inverse property 'occupies temporal region'] p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [132-001]) - spanOf - span-of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - during which exists - during-which-exists - [copied from inverse property 'exists at'] b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002]) - [copied from inverse property 'exists at'] BFO2 Reference: entity - [copied from inverse property 'exists at'] BFO2 Reference: temporal region - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bearer of at all times - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'bearer of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'bearer of@en(x,y,t)'. - BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region - BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant - (iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004] - b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004]) - bearer-of_at - bearerOfAt - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004] - - - - - - b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - has quality at all times - has-q_at - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - has function at all times - has-f_at - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has function at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has function@en(x,y,t)'. - (iff (hasFunctionAt a b t) (functionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [070-001] - a has_function b at t =Def. b function_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [070-001]) - hasFunctionAt - - - - - - a has_function b at t =Def. b function_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [070-001]) - - - - - - (iff (hasFunctionAt a b t) (functionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [070-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - has role at all times - hasRoleAt - has-r_at - (iff (hasRoleAt a b t) (roleOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [068-001] - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has role at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has role@en(x,y,t)'. - a has_role b at t =Def. b role_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [068-001]) - - - - - - (iff (hasRoleAt a b t) (roleOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [068-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - a has_role b at t =Def. b role_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [068-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - has disposition at all times - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has disposition at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has disposition@en(x,y,t)'. - a has_disposition b at t =Def. b disposition_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [069-001]) - has-d_at - hasDispositionAt - (iff (hasDispositionAt a b t) (dispositionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [069-001] - - - - - - a has_disposition b at t =Def. b disposition_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [069-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - (iff (hasDispositionAt a b t) (dispositionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [069-001] - - - - - - - - - - - material basis of at all times - material-basis-of_at - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - concretizes at all times - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'concretizes at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'concretizes@en(x,y,t)'. - (forall (x y t) (if (concretizesAt x y t) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (genericallyDependsOnAt y z t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [075-002] - concretizes_at - (forall (x y t) (if (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (concretizesAt z x t) (specificallyDependsOnAt z y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [076-001] - You may concretize a piece of software by installing it in your computer - You may concretize a recipe that you find in a cookbook by turning it into a plan which exists as a realizable dependent continuant in your head. - b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002]) - concretizesAt - if b g-depends on c at some time t, then there is some d, such that d concretizes b at t and d s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [076-001]) - you may concretize a poem as a pattern of memory traces in your head - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (concretizesAt x y t) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (genericallyDependsOnAt y z t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [075-002] - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (concretizesAt z x t) (specificallyDependsOnAt z y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [076-001] - - - - - - if b g-depends on c at some time t, then there is some d, such that d concretizes b at t and d s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [076-001]) - - - - - - b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002]) - - - - - - - - + - concretized by at all times - concretized-by_at - - - - - - - - - participates in at all times - participatesInAt - participates-in_at - - - - - - - - - - has participant at all times - BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region, specifically dependent continuant, generically dependent continuant - BFO2 Reference: process - (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003] - (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [087-001] - (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003] - (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (existsAt y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [089-001] - has-participant_at - (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [088-001] - hasParticipantAt - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has participant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has participant@en(x,y,t)'. - BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. - has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003]) - if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003]) - if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003]) - if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001]) - if b has_participant c at t then c exists at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [089-001]) - if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001]) - - - + - - - - - - + + + + + 259-BFO + is concretized by at all times + a g-dependent continuant c is concretized by an s-dependent continuant or process b at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (b concretizes c at t) + is concretized by at all times - - has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003]) - - - - - - if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003] - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (existsAt y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [089-001] - - - - - - if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [088-001] - - - - - - if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [087-001] - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003] - - - - - - if b has_participant c at t then c exists at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [089-001]) - - - - - - if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003]) - - - - - - - - has specific dependent at all times - has-s-dep_at - - - - - + - - - - specifically depends on at some time - s-depends-on_st - (forall (x y t) (if (and (Occurrent x) (IndependentContinuant y) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t_1))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [015-002] - BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant\; process; process boundary - (forall (x y t) (if (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [136-001] - specificallyDependsOn - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [054-002] - (forall (x) (if (exists (y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (not (MaterialEntity x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [052-001] - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'specifically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'specifically depends on@en'(x,y,t) - (forall (x y t) (if (and (Entity x) (or (continuantPartOfAt y x t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y x))) (not (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [013-002] - A pain s-depends_on the organism that is experiencing the pain - BFO 2 Reference: An entity – for example an act of communication or a game of football – can s-depends_on more than one entity. Complex phenomena for example in the psychological and social realms (such as inferring, commanding and requesting) or in the realm of multi-organismal biological processes (such as infection and resistance), will involve multiple families of dependence relations, involving both continuants and occurrents [1, 4, 28 - BFO 2 Reference: S-dependence is just one type of dependence among many; it is what, in the literature, is referred to as ‘existential dependence’ [87, 46, 65, 20 - BFO 2 Reference: the relation of s-depends_on does not in every case require simultaneous existence of its relata. Note the difference between such cases and the cases of continuant universals defined historically: the act of answering depends existentially on the prior act of questioning; the human being who was baptized or who answered a question does not himself depend existentially on the prior act of baptism or answering. He would still exist even if these acts had never taken place. - If b is s-depends_on something at some time, then b is not a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [052-001]) - If b s-depends_on something at t, then there is some c, which is an independent continuant and not a spatial region, such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [136-001]) - If occurrent b s-depends_on some independent continuant c at t, then b s-depends_on c at every time at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [015-002]) - To say that b s-depends_on a at t is to say that b and c do not share common parts & b is of its nature such that it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c and b is not a site of which c is the host [64 - a gait s-depends_on the walking object. (All at some specific time.) - a shape s-depends_on the shaped object - an entity does not s-depend_on any of its (continuant or occurrent) parts or on anything it is part of. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [013-002]) - if b s-depends_on c at t & c s-depends_on d at t then b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [054-002]) - one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of headache s-depends_on some head - one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of temperature s-depends_on some organism - one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: a process of cell death s-depends_on a cell - one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: an instance of seeing (a relational process) s-depends_on some organism and on some seen entity, which may be an occurrent or a continuant - one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of answering a question is dependent on a prior process of asking a question - one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of obeying a command is dependent on a prior process of issuing a command - one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of hitting a ball with a cricket bat - one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of paying cash to a merchant in exchange for a bag of figs - reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of buying and the associated process of selling - reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of increasing the volume of a portion of gas while temperature remains constant and the associated process of decreasing the pressure exerted by the gas - reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: in a game of chess the process of playing with the white pieces is mutually dependent on the process of playing with the black pieces - the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: football match on the players, the ground, the ball - the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: handwave on a hand - the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the hue, saturation and brightness of a color [45 - the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the pitch, timbre and volume of a tone [45 - the two-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the roles of husband and wife [20 - - - + + + - + @@ -2949,25 +758,26 @@ - - - - - - - - + + 251-BFO + participates in at all times + b participates in p at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (p has participant b at t) + participates in at all times - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - + @@ -2978,92 +788,43 @@ - - - - an entity does not s-depend_on any of its (continuant or occurrent) parts or on anything it is part of. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [013-002]) - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (exists (y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (not (MaterialEntity x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [052-001] - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (Occurrent x) (IndependentContinuant y) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t_1))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [015-002] - - - - - - If b is s-depends_on something at some time, then b is not a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [052-001]) - - - - - - if b s-depends_on c at t & c s-depends_on d at t then b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [054-002]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (Entity x) (or (continuantPartOfAt y x t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y x))) (not (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [013-002] - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [136-001] - - - - - - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [054-002] - - - - - - If b s-depends_on something at t, then there is some c, which is an independent continuant and not a spatial region, such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [136-001]) - - - - - - If occurrent b s-depends_on some independent continuant c at t, then b s-depends_on c at every time at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [015-002]) - - - - + + 249-BFO + has participant at all times + p has participant c at all times =Def for all times t, p exists at t implies (p is a process, c is a continuant, and c participates in p some way at t) + has participant at all times + - - has location at all times - has-location_at - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 237-BFO + location of at all times + b location of c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (c located in b at t) + location of at all times @@ -3071,101 +832,45 @@ - located in at some time - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (locatedInAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [049-001] - BFO2 Reference: independent continuant - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (locatedInAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [046-001] - (iff (locatedInAt a b t) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (exists (r_1 r_2) (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt a r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt b r_2 t) (continuantPartOfAt r_1 r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [045-001] - locatedInAt - located-in_st - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [048-001] - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'located in at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'located in@en'(x,y,t) - Located_in is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [046-001]) - Mary located_in Salzburg - b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001]) - for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [048-001]) - for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [049-001]) - the Empire State Building located_in New York. - this portion of cocaine located_in this portion of blood - this stem cell located_in this portion of bone marrow - your arm located_in your body - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 234-BFO + located in + b located in c =Def b is an independent continuant & c is an independent & neither is a spatial region & there is some time t such that the spatial region which b occupies at t is continuant part of the spatial region which c occupies at t + located in at some time - - - - - - - - Located_in is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [046-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [048-001] - - - - - - b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001]) - - - - - - (iff (locatedInAt a b t) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (exists (r_1 r_2) (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt a r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt b r_2 t) (continuantPartOfAt r_1 r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [045-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [049-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (locatedInAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [046-001] - - - - - - for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [048-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (locatedInAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [049-001] - - - - - has member part at all times - has-member-part_at - - + + + 231-BFO + has member part at all times + b has member part c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (c member part b at t) + has member part at all times @@ -3173,669 +878,509 @@ - member part of at all times - BFO2 Reference: object - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'member part of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'member part of@en(x,y,t)'. - memberPartOfAt - BFO2 Reference: object aggregate - member-part-of_at - (forall (x y t) (if (memberPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [104-001] - b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n &gt; 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004]) - each piece in a chess set is a member part of the chess set; each Beatle in the collection called The Beatles is a member part of The Beatles. - each tree in a forest is a member_part of the forest - if b member_part_of c at t then b continuant_part_of c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [104-001]) - - + + + 229-BFO + member part of at all times + b member part of c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (b is an object & c is an object aggregate & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1,..., xn (for some n ≠ 1) with b = xi (for some 1 <= i <= n)) + member part of at all times - - b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n &gt; 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004]) - - - - - - if b member_part_of c at t then b continuant_part_of c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [104-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (memberPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [104-001] - - - - - has proper continuant part at some time - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has proper continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has proper continuant part@en'(x,y,t) - b has_proper_continuant_part c at t = Def. c proper_continuant_part_of b at t. [XXX-001 - c-has-ppart_st - [copied from inverse property 'proper part of continuant at some time'] b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001]) - hasProperContinuantPartAt - [copied from inverse property 'proper part of continuant at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'proper part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'proper part of continuant@en'(x,y,t) + + - - + 226-BFO + has proper continuant part at some time + b has proper continuant part c at some time =Def c proper continuant part of b at some time + has proper continuant part at some time - - - - - - - - - - - - - proper part of continuant at some time - c-ppart-of_st - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'proper part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'proper part of continuant@en'(x,y,t) - properContinuantPartOfAt - [copied from inverse property 'has proper continuant part at some time'] b has_proper_continuant_part c at t = Def. c proper_continuant_part_of b at t. [XXX-001 - [copied from inverse property 'has proper continuant part at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has proper continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has proper continuant part@en'(x,y,t) - (iff (properContinuantPartOfAt a b t) (and (continuantPartOfAt a b t) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [004-001] - b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001]) - - - - + + + 224-BFO + proper continuant part of at some time + b proper continuant part of c at some time =Def for some time t (b continuant part of c at t & not (c continuant part of b at t) + proper continuant part of at some time - - - - - - - - b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - (iff (properContinuantPartOfAt a b t) (and (continuantPartOfAt a b t) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [004-001] - - - - - part of continuant at some time - (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001] - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001] - continuantPartOfAt - (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001] - BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region. - (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002] - BFO2 Reference: continuant - (forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001] - [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has continuant part@en'(x,y,t) - (forall (x t) (if (Continuant x) (continuantPartOfAt x x t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [111-002] - (iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001] - [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at some time'] b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001]) - c-part-of_st - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'part of continuant@en'(x,y,t) - BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001]) - BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion. - Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation - b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001]) - continuant_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [120-001]) - continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002]) - continuant_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [110-001]) - continuant_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [122-001]) - continuant_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [121-001]) - if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002]) - the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists. + - - + 221-BFO + continuant part of + b continuant part of c =Def b and c are continuants & there is some time t such that b and c exist at t & b continuant part of c at t + Milk teeth continuant part of human; surgically removed tumour continuant part of organism + continuant part of at some time - - continuant_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [121-001]) - - - - - - continuant_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [122-001]) - - - - - - continuant_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [110-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x t) (if (Continuant x) (continuantPartOfAt x x t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [111-002] - - - - - - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001] - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001] - - - - - - BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001] - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002] - - - - - - if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002]) - - - - - - (iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001] - - - - - - continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002]) - - - - - - b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001] - - - - - - continuant_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [120-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - part of continuant at all times - (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002] - (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001] - BFO2 Reference: continuant - continuantPartOfAt - c-part-of_at - [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times that part exists'] This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'part of continuant at all times' - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001] - (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001] - [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times that part exists'] forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'has continuant part'(x,y,t) - BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region. - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'. - (forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001] - (forall (x t) (if (Continuant x) (continuantPartOfAt x x t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [111-002] - (iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001] - BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001]) - BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion. - Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation - b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001]) - continuant_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [120-001]) - continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002]) - continuant_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [110-001]) - continuant_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [122-001]) - continuant_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [121-001]) - if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002]) - the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists. - + + + + 222-BFO + continuant part of at all times + b continuant part of c at all times =Def for all times t, (b exists at t, implies b continuant part of c at t & t is a temporal region & b and c are continuants) + Centre of mass of a material entity continuant part of material entity at all times; continuant fiat external boundary of an object continuant part of object at all times. + continuant part of at all times - - (forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001] - - - - - - continuant_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [110-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002] - - - - - - continuant_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [122-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001] - - - - - - BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001]) - - - - - - (iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001] - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001] - - - - - - (forall (x t) (if (Continuant x) (continuantPartOfAt x x t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [111-002] - - - - - - continuant_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [120-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001] - - - - - - continuant_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [121-001]) - - - - - - if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002]) - - - - - - continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002]) - - - - - has continuant part at some time - c-has-part_st - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: continuant - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists. - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001]) - hasContinuantPartAt - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion. - Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has continuant part@en'(x,y,t) - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001]) - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region. - (iff (hasContinuantPartAt a b t) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [006-001] - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'part of continuant@en'(x,y,t) - b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001]) - + 271-BFO + has continuant part + b has continuant part c =Def c continuant part of b + has continuant part at some time - - - - - - - - (iff (hasContinuantPartAt a b t) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [006-001] - - - - - - b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - has proper temporal part - has-t-ppart - - - - + + + 212-BFO + has proper temporal part + b has proper temporal part c =Def c proper temporal part of b + As for has temporal part. + has proper temporal part + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 267-BFO + environs + b environs c =Def c occurs in b + Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic + environs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - history of - [copied from inverse property 'has history'] b has_history c iff c history_of b [XXX-001 - b history_of c if c is a material entity or site and b is a history that is the unique history of cAxiom: if b history_of c and b history_of d then c=d [XXX-001 - historyOf - history-of - + - - - - + 144-BFO + history of + (Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c + This life is the history of this organism. + history of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - has history - [copied from inverse property 'history of'] b history_of c if c is a material entity or site and b is a history that is the unique history of cAxiom: if b history_of c and b history_of d then c=d [XXX-001 - hasHistory - has-history - b has_history c iff c history_of b [XXX-001 - - - - + + 145-BFO + has history + b has history c =Def c history of b + This organism has history this life + has history - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - part of continuant at all times that whole exists - This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'has continuant part at all times' - [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times'] b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001]) - forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'part of continuant'(x,y,t) - [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has continuant part@en(x,y,t)'. - c-part-of-object_at - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 260-BFO + specifically depended on by + s-depended on by + b specifically depended on by c =Def c specifically depends on b + Coloured object specifically depended on by colour + specifically depended on by - - forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'part of continuant'(x,y,t) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'has continuant part at all times' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - has continuant part at all times that part exists - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region. - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO2 Reference: continuant - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001]) - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion. - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001]) - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation - This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'part of continuant at all times' - c-has-part-object_at - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'. - [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists. - forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'has continuant part'(x,y,t) - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 012-BFO + specifically depends on + s-depends on + (Elucidation) specifically depends on is a relation between a specifically dependent continuant b and specifically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region c such that b and c share no parts in common & b is of a nature such that at all times t it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c + A shape specifically depends on the shaped object; hue, saturation and brightness of a colour sample specifically depends on each other + specifically depends on + The analogue of specifically depends on for occurrents is has participant. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 053-BFO + bearer of + b bearer of c =Def c inheres in b + A patch of ink is the bearer of a colour quality; an organism is the bearer of a temperature quality + bearer of + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 051-BFO + inheres in + b inheres in c =Def b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b specifically depends on c + A shape inheres in a shaped object; a mass inheres in a material entity + inheres in + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 132-BFO + occupies temporal region + p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t + The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945 + occupies temporal region + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 082-BFO + occupies spatiotemporal region + (Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent + A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory + occupies spatiotemporal region + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 232-BFO + occupies spatial region + b occupies spatial region r =Def b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & r is a spatial region & there is some time t such that every continuant part of b occupies some continuant part of r at t and no continuant part of b occupies any spatial region that is not a continuant part of r at t + occupies spatial region at some time + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 233-BFO + occupies spatial region at all times + an independent continuant c that is not a spatial region occupies spatial region r at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (every continuant part of c occupies some continuant part of r at t and no continuant part of c occupies any spatial region that is not a continuant part of r at t) + occupies spatial region at all times + + + + + + + + + + 246-BFO + spatially projects onto + (Elucidation) spatially projects onto is a relation between some spatiotemporal region b and spatial region c such that at some time t, c is the spatial extent of b at t + spatially projects onto at some time + + + + + + + + + + + + 247-BFO + spatially projects onto at all times + b spatially projects onto c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (b is a spatiotemporal region and c is a spatial region and c is the spatial extent of b at t) + spatially projects onto at all times + + + + + + + + + + 242-BFO + has material basis + b has material basis c =Def b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer of b & there is some time t such that c is a continuant part of d at t & d has disposition b because c is a continuant part of d at t + has material basis at some time + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 253-BFO + generically depends on at all times + g-depends on at all times + a g-dependent continuant b g-depends on an independent continuant c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (there inheres in c an s-dependent continuant which concretizes b at t) + generically depends on at all times + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 255-BFO + is carrier of at all times + b is carrier of c at all times =Def for all times t, b exists at t implies (c g-depends on b at t) + is carrier of at all times + + + + + + + + + + + 268-BFO + first instant of + t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t + An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday + first instant of + + + + + + + + + + + 261-BFO + has first instant + t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t + The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31 + has first instant + + + + + + + + + + + 269-BFO + last instant of + t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t + Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday + last instant of + + + + + + + + + + + 215-BFO + has last instant + t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t + The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31 + has last instant - - - - - - - - This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'part of continuant at all times' - - - - - - - - - - - - forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'has continuant part'(x,y,t) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -3853,2443 +1398,118 @@ + 001-BFO entity - - - - - - - entity - An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) - Entity - BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 - Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf - Julius Caesar - Verdi’s Requiem - the Second World War - your body mass index - + (Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist + Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem + entity - - per discussion with Barry Smith - Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf - - - - - - - An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - continuant + + + + + + - (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] - (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] - (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] - Continuant - continuant - (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] - A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) - BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 - Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants - if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) - if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) - if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) - + 008-BFO + continuant + (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity + A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature + continuant - - (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] - - - - - - (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] - - - - - - (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] - - - - - - if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) - - - - - - if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) - - - - - - A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) - - - - - - Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] - - - - - - if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) - - - - - occurrent - Occurrent - (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] - occurrent - (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] - An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) - BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region - BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. - Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) - Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. - Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. - b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) - + 077-BFO + occurrent + (Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region + As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant. + occurrent - - Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. - - - - - - An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) - - - - - - per discussion with Barry Smith - Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. - - - - - - b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] - - - - - - Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] - - - - - independent continuant - - - - - - - - - - - - + + 017-BFO + independent continuant + b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c + An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra + independent continuant + + + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] - (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] - (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] - For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) - For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) - ic - IndependentContinuant - a chair - a heart - a leg - a molecule - a spatial region - an atom - an orchestra. - an organism - b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) - the bottom right portion of a human torso - the interior of your mouth - - - - For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] - - - - - - (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] - - - - - - (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + 035-BFO spatial region - - - - - - - - - - - true - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - true - - - - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] - SpatialRegion - (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] - s-region - A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) - All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) - BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. - Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. - + (Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time + As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region + spatial region - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - true - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] - - - - - - All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) - - - - - - A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. - per discussion with Barry Smith - - - - - - - - - - - - true - - - - temporal region - - - - - - - - - - - true - - - - - - true - - - (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] - t-region - (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] - (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] - A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) - All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) - Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional - TemporalRegion - Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) - - - - (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - true - - - - - Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) - - - - - - All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - true - - - - - per discussion with Barry Smith - Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - two-dimensional spatial region - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] - TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion - 2d-s-region - A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) - an infinitely thin plane in space. - the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space - - - - A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - spatiotemporal region - - - - - - - - - - - true - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - true - - - - - - - - - (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] - (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] - (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] - (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] - (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] - All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) - Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) - Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) - Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself. - Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) - SpatiotemporalRegion - st-region - A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) - the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life - the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis. - the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor - - - - (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - true - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] - - - - - - (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - true - - - - - A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) - - - - - - Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) - - - - - - Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - process - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - process - Process - (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] - BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) - a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart - a process of meiosis - a process of sleeping - p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) - the course of a disease - the flight of a bird - the life of an organism - your process of aging. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) - - - - - - (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] - - - - - - - - - - - disposition - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - disposition - Disposition - (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] - (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] - BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. - If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) - an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y - b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) - certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer - children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. - the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] - - - - - - b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) - - - - - - If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) - - - - - - (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] - - - - - - - - - - - realizable entity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] - (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] - RealizableEntity - All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) - To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) - realizable - the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. - the disposition of your blood to coagulate - the function of your reproductive organs - the role of being a doctor - the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet - - - - (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] - - - - - - To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) - - - - - - - - - - - zero-dimensional spatial region - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion - (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] - 0d-s-region - A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) - - - - A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - quality - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] - Quality - (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] - quality - If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) - a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) - the ambient temperature of this portion of air - the color of a tomato - the length of the circumference of your waist - the mass of this piece of gold. - the shape of your nose - the shape of your nostril - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] - - - - - - a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - specifically dependent continuant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] - sdc - (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] - Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key - Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. - SpecificallyDependentContinuant - b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) - b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) - of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato - of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. - the disposition of this fish to decay - the function of this heart: to pump blood - the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 - the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction - the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center - the role of being a doctor - the shape of this hole. - the smell of this portion of mozzarella - - - - b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) - - - - - - (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] - - - - - - b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. - per discussion with Barry Smith - - - - - - - - - - - role - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - role - (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] - BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. - John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. - Role - b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) - the priest role - the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories - the role of a building in serving as a military target - the role of a stone in marking a property boundary - the role of subject in a clinical trial - the student role - - - - (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] - - - - - - b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fiat object - - (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] - BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions - FiatObjectPart - b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) - fiat-object - or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29 - the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body. - the Western hemisphere of the Earth - the division of the brain into regions - the division of the planet into hemispheres - the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body - the upper and lower lobes of the left lung - - - - (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] - - - - - - b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) - - - - - - - - - - - one-dimensional spatial region - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] - OneDimensionalSpatialRegion - 1d-s-region - A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) - an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space. - - - - (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] - - - - - - A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - object aggregate - - object-aggregate - ObjectAggregate - ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. - (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] - An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects - BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). - a collection of cells in a blood biobank. - a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds - a symphony orchestra - an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) - b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) - defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization - defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite - defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container - defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital - the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint - the aggregate of blood cells in your body - the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere - the restaurants in Palo Alto - your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. - - - - b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) - - - - - - An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects - - - - - - ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. - - - - - - An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] - - - - - - - - - - - three-dimensional spatial region - - (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] - 3d-s-region - ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion - A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) - a cube-shaped region of space - a sphere-shaped region of space, - - - - A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] - - - - - - - - - - - site - - Site - (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] - a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese - a rabbit hole - an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport - b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) - site - Manhattan Canyon) - the Grand Canyon - the Piazza San Marco - the cockpit of an aircraft - the hold of a ship - the interior of a kangaroo pouch - the interior of the trunk of your car - the interior of your bedroom - the interior of your office - the interior of your refrigerator - the lumen of your gut - your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) - - - - (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] - - - - - - b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) - - - - - - - - - - - object - - Object - BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). - BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 - object - BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. - BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity - BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 - atom - b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) - cell - cells and organisms - engineered artifacts - grain of sand - molecule - organelle - organism - planet - solid portions of matter - star - - - - b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - generically dependent continuant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - gdc - GenericallyDependentContinuant - (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] - The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. - b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) - the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop - the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. - - - - (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] - - - - - - b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - function - - function - (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] - A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) - BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. - Function - the function of a hammer to drive in nails - the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity - the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar - - - - A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] - - - - - - - - - - - process boundary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] - (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] - Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) - ProcessBoundary - p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) - p-boundary - the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life. - - - - (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - one-dimensional temporal region - - - (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] - 1d-t-region - A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) - BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks). - OneDimensionalTemporalRegion - the temporal region during which a process occurs. - - - - A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] - - - - - - - - - - - material entity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - material - (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] - MaterialEntity - (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] - (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] - A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) - BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 - BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. - BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. - Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) - a flame - a forest fire - a human being - a hurricane - a photon - a puff of smoke - a sea wave - a tornado - an aggregate of human beings. - an energy wave - an epidemic - every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) - the undetached arm of a human being - - - - (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) - - - - - - A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] - - - - - - Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) - - - - + + 100-BFO + temporal region + (Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold + As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region + temporal region + - + - - continuant fiat boundary - + + - + @@ -6301,730 +1521,617 @@ + 039-BFO + two-dimensional spatial region + (Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts + The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space; an infinitely thin plane in space + two-dimensional spatial region + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + 095-BFO + spatiotemporal region + (Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime + The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite + spatiotemporal region + 'Spacetime' here refers to the maximal instance of the universal spatiotemporal region. + + + + + + + + - + - + + + + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + 083-BFO + process + event + (Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant + An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer + process + + + + + + + + + + 062-BFO + disposition + internally-grounded realizable entity + (Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up + An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways + disposition + + + + + + + + + + 058-BFO + realizable entity + (Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type + The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity + realizable entity + + + + + + + + + + + + - ContinuantFiatBoundary - cf-boundary - (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] - BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions. - BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29 - Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. - Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists - b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) - + 037-BFO + zero-dimensional spatial region + (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space + The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole + zero-dimensional spatial region + + + + + + + + + 055-BFO + quality + (Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized + The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold + quality + + + + + + + + + 050-BFO + specifically dependent continuant + b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c + (with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates + (with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole + specifically dependent continuant + + + + + + + + + 061-BFO + role + externally-grounded realizable entity + (Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed + The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target + role + + + + + + + + + 027-BFO + fiat object part + (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces + The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body + fiat object part - - - - - + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. - - - - - - b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) - - - - - - (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + 038-BFO + one-dimensional spatial region + (Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines which may have points as parts + An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space; a line connecting two points; two parallel lines extended in space + one-dimensional spatial region + - + - - immaterial entity - + + + 025-BFO + object aggregate + (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit + The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank + object aggregate + 'Exactly' means that there are no parts of the object aggregate other than its member parts. + The unit can, at certain times, consist of exactly one object, for example, when a wolf litter loses all but one of its pups, but it must at some time have a plurality of member parts. + + + + + + + + - + + 040-BFO + three-dimensional spatial region + (Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts + A cube-shaped region of space; a sphere-shaped region of space; the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time + three-dimensional spatial region + + + + + + + + - + - + + + + - + - + + + + - - + + - ImmaterialEntity - immaterial - BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 - + 034-BFO + site + (Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity + A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist + site + + + + + + + + + 024-BFO + object + (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested + An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube + object + A description of three primary sorts of causal unity is provided in Basic Formal Ontology 2.0. Specification and User Guide + + + + + + + + + 074-BFO + generically dependent continuant + g-dependent continuant + (Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share + The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint + generically dependent continuant + + + + + + + + + 064-BFO + function + (Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort + The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity + function - - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + - + - + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + 084-BFO + process boundary + p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts + The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life + process boundary + - + - - one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary - + + - + - - - - - - - + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary - (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] - 1d-cf-boundary - The Equator - a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) - all geopolitical boundaries - all lines of latitude and longitude - the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin. - the median sulcus of your tongue - + + 103-BFO + one-dimensional temporal region + (Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts + The temporal region during which a process occurs + one-dimensional temporal region - - (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + + 019-BFO + material entity + (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part + A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings + material entity + - + - - process profile - + + + - - + + - - + - - + + - - (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] - ProcessProfile - process-profile - (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] - On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels - One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance. - The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on. - b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) - b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) - + 029-BFO + continuant fiat boundary + (Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity + As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface + continuant fiat boundary - - - - - - - - - - - - - b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + 028-BFO + immaterial entity + b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part + As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site + immaterial entity + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) - - - - - - (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] - - - - - - (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] - - - - + + 032-BFO + fiat line + (Elucidation) A fiat line is a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is continuous + The Equator; all geopolitical boundaries; all lines of latitude and longitude; the median sulcus of your tongue; the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin + fiat line + - relational quality - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] - John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. - RelationalQuality - a marriage bond, an instance of love, an obligation between one person and another. - r-quality - b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) - + 057-BFO + relational quality + b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d + A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another + relational quality - - (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) - - - - - two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary - 2d-cf-boundary - TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary - (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] - a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) - + + + + + + + 033-BFO + fiat surface + (Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected + The surface of the Earth; the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant + fiat surface - - (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] - - - - - - a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) - - - - - zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] - 0d-cf-boundary - ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary - a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) - the geographic North Pole - the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system. - the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet - zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. - + 031-BFO + fiat point + (Elucidation) A fiat point is a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that consists of a single point + The geographic North Pole; the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet; the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system + fiat point - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) - - - - - - (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] - - - - - - requested by Melanie Courtot - zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - zero-dimensional temporal region - - + + - 0d-t-region - (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] - A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) - ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion - a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary - right now - temporal instant. - the moment at which a child is born - the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident - the moment of death. - + 102-BFO + zero-dimensional temporal region + (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts + A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident + zero-dimensional temporal region - - - - - - - - - - - - - (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] - - - - - - A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) - - - - - history - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) - History - history - + 138-BFO + history + (Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity + The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence + history - - A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) - - - - - + - - Person:Alan Ruttenberg - - - To say that each spatiotemporal region s temporally_projects_onto some temporal region t is to say that t is the temporal extension of s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [080-003]) - To say that spatiotemporal region s spatially_projects_onto spatial region r at t is to say that r is the spatial extent of s at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [081-003]) - - - To say that each spatiotemporal region s temporally_projects_onto some temporal region t is to say that t is the temporal extension of s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [080-003]) - - - - - - To say that spatiotemporal region s spatially_projects_onto spatial region r at t is to say that r is the spatial extent of s at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [081-003]) - - - - + + + 155-BFO + temporal interval + (Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks + The year 2018. + temporal interval + A one-dimensional temporal region can include as parts not only temporal intervals but also temporal instants separated from other parts by gaps. + + + + + + + + + 209-BFO + temporal instant + (Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part + The millennium + temporal instant + @@ -7039,61 +2146,11 @@ - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -7102,209 +2159,35 @@ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - - + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + diff --git a/src/main/resources/bfo_memo.clj b/src/main/resources/bfo_memo.clj index 16cafca..d274061 100644 --- a/src/main/resources/bfo_memo.clj +++ b/src/main/resources/bfo_memo.clj @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000020" #{"specifically_dependent_continuant"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023" #{"role"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000024" #{"fiat_object"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000024" #{"fiat_object_part"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000026" #{"one-dimensional_spatial_region"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000027" #{"object_aggregate"}, @@ -33,139 +33,67 @@ "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000038" #{"one-dimensional_temporal_region"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040" #{"material_entity"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000052" - #{"inheres_in_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000053" - #{"bearer_of_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000054" #{"realized_in"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000054" #{"has_realization"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000055" #{"realizes"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000056" - #{"participates_in_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000057" - #{"has_participant_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000058" - #{"concretized_by_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000059" - #{"concretizes_at_some_time"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000056" #{"participates_in"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000057" #{"has_participant"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000058" #{"is_concretized_by"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000059" #{"concretizes"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000062" #{"preceded_by"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000063" #{"precedes"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000066" #{"occurs_in"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000067" #{"contains_process"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000070" - #{"specifically_depends_on_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000079" - #{"function_of_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000080" - #{"quality_of_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000081" - #{"role_of_at_all_times"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000082" #{"located_in_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000083" - #{"occupies_spatial_region_at_some_time"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000084" - #{"generically_depends_on_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000085" - #{"has_function_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000086" - #{"has_quality_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000087" - #{"has_role_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000101" - #{"has_generic_dependent_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000107" - #{"disposition_of_at_all_times"}, + #{"generically_depends_on"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000101" #{"is_carrier_of"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000108" #{"exists_at"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000110" #{"has_continuant_part_at_all_times"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000111" #{"has_proper_continuant_part_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000112" - #{"has_disposition_at_some_time"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000113" #{"has_material_basis_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000115" - #{"has_member_part_at_some_time"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000115" #{"has_member_part"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000117" #{"has_occurrent_part"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000118" #{"has_proper_occurrent_part"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000119" #{"has_profile"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000121" #{"has_temporal_part"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000123" - #{"has_spatial_occupant_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000124" - #{"has_location_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000125" - #{"has_specific_dependent_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000126" - #{"has_spatiotemporal_occupant"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000127" - #{"material_basis_of_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000129" - #{"member_part_of_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000130" - #{"occupies_spatiotemporal_region"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000132" #{"part_of_occurrent"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000133" #{"process_profile_of"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000124" #{"location_of"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000127" #{"material_basis_of"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000129" #{"member_part_of"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000132" #{"occurrent_part_of"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000136" #{"proper_temporal_part_of"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000137" - #{"proper_part_of_continuant_at_all_times"}, + #{"proper_continuant_part_of_at_all_times"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000138" - #{"proper_part_of_occurrent"}, + #{"proper_occurrent_part_of"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000139" #{"temporal_part_of"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000140" #{"continuant_fiat_boundary"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000141" #{"immaterial_entity"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000142" - #{"one-dimensional_continuant_fiat_boundary"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000144" #{"process_profile"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000142" #{"fiat_line"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000145" #{"relational_quality"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000146" - #{"two-dimensional_continuant_fiat_boundary"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000147" - #{"zero-dimensional_continuant_fiat_boundary"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000146" #{"fiat_surface"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000147" #{"fiat_point"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000148" #{"zero-dimensional_temporal_region"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000151" - #{"projects_onto_spatial_region_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000152" - #{"spatial_projection_of_spatiotemporal_at_some_time"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000153" - #{"projects_onto_temporal_region"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000154" - #{"temporal_projection_of_spatiotemporal"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000155" - #{"occupies_temporal_region"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000156" - #{"has_temporal_occupant"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000157" #{"during_which_exists"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000158" - #{"bearer_of_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000159" - #{"has_quality_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000160" - #{"has_function_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000161" - #{"has_role_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000162" - #{"has_disposition_at_all_times"}, + #{"temporally_projects_onto"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000163" #{"material_basis_of_at_all_times"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000164" #{"concretizes_at_all_times"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000165" - #{"concretized_by_at_all_times"}, + #{"is_concretized_by_at_all_times"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000166" #{"participates_in_at_all_times"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000167" #{"has_participant_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000168" - #{"has_specific_dependent_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000169" - #{"specifically_depends_on_at_some_time"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000170" - #{"has_location_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000171" - #{"located_in_at_some_time"}, + #{"location_of_at_all_times"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000171" #{"located_in"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000172" #{"has_member_part_at_all_times"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000173" @@ -173,23 +101,43 @@ "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000174" #{"has_proper_continuant_part_at_some_time"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000175" - #{"proper_part_of_continuant_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000176" - #{"part_of_continuant_at_some_time"}, + #{"proper_continuant_part_of_at_some_time"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000176" #{"continuant_part_of"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000177" - #{"part_of_continuant_at_all_times"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000178" - #{"has_continuant_part_at_some_time"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000179" - #{"BFO_OWL_specification_label"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000180" - #{"BFO_CLIF_specification_label"}, + #{"continuant_part_of_at_all_times"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000178" #{"has_continuant_part"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000181" #{"has_proper_temporal_part"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000182" #{"history"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000183" #{"environs"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000184" #{"history_of"}, "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000185" #{"has_history"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000186" - #{"part_of_continuant_at_all_times_that_whole_exists"}, - "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000187" - #{"has_continuant_part_at_all_times_that_part_exists"}} + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000194" + #{"specifically_depended_on_by"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000195" + #{"specifically_depends_on"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000196" #{"bearer_of"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000197" #{"inheres_in"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000199" + #{"occupies_temporal_region"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000200" + #{"occupies_spatiotemporal_region"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000202" #{"temporal_interval"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000203" #{"temporal_instant"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000210" + #{"occupies_spatial_region"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000211" + #{"occupies_spatial_region_at_all_times"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000216" + #{"spatially_projects_onto"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000217" + #{"spatially_projects_onto_at_all_times"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000218" #{"has_material_basis"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000219" + #{"generically_depends_on_at_all_times"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000220" + #{"is_carrier_of_at_all_times"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000221" #{"first_instant_of"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000222" #{"has_first_instant"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000223" #{"last_instant_of"}, + "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000224" #{"has_last_instant"}} diff --git a/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj b/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj index 6330d0f..75901f2 100644 --- a/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj +++ b/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj @@ -41,35 +41,34 @@ (use-fixtures :once write-tqme) (deftest tgr_cm+ - (o/owl-class to "tooth" - :super b/material_entity) - (o/owl-class to "organism" - :super b/material_entity) - (o/owl-class to "human" - :super "organism") - (o/disjoint-classes to (list "tooth" "organism")) - (o/add-superclass to "tooth" - (c/temp to o/owl-some b/part_of_continuant_at_all_times "organism")) - - - (o/add-superclass to "human" - (c/temp to o/owl-only b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times (o/owl-not to "tooth"))) + (def tooth (o/owl-class to "tooth" + :super b/material_entity)) + (def organism (o/owl-class to "organism" + :super b/material_entity)) + (def human (o/owl-class to "human" + :super organism)) + (o/disjoint-classes to (list tooth organism)) + (o/add-superclass to tooth + (c/temp to o/owl-some b/continuant_part_of_at_all_times organism)) + + + (o/add-superclass to human + (c/temp to o/owl-only b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times (o/owl-not tooth))) (is (r/consistent? to) "Ontology is consistent") - (is (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and to "tooth" + (is (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and tooth (o/owl-some - to c/has-min-tqme - (o/! to (o/owl-some to - b/part_of_continuant_at_all_times - (o/owl-some to c/min-tqme-of "organism"))))) + (o/! (o/owl-some + b/continuant_part_of_at_all_times + (o/owl-some c/min-tqme-of organism))))) ) "A tooth for which there is a time it is not part of any organism → OK") - (is (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and to "human" - (o/owl-some to c/has-min-tqme - (o/owl-some to b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times - (o/owl-some to + (is (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and human + (o/owl-some c/has-min-tqme + (o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times + (o/owl-some c/min-tqme-of - "tooth"))))) + tooth))))) "A human having teeth at some time → OK")) (deftest tgr_cm- @@ -82,9 +81,9 @@ (o/disjoint-classes to (list "green-color" "red-color")) (o/owl-class to "apple" :super (o/owl-and to b/material_entity - (o/owl-some to c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-some to b/has_quality_at_all_times "green-color")))) + (o/owl-some to c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-some to b/specifically_depended_on_by "green-color")))) (is (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and to "apple" - (o/owl-some to c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-only to b/has_quality_at_all_times + (o/owl-some to c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-only to b/specifically_depended_on_by (o/|| to "red-color" (o/! to "color")))))) "An apple that at some time has no other color than red → OK")) @@ -116,7 +115,7 @@ :characteristic :functional) part-of-brain (o/object-property to "part-of-brain" - :super b/part_of_continuant_at_all_times + :super b/continuant_part_of_at_all_times :domain "brain" :characteristic :inversefunctional) ventricle (o/owl-class to "ventricle" @@ -175,11 +174,11 @@ (o/disjoint-classes to (list "male-sex" "female-sex")) (o/owl-class to "mammal" :super (o/owl-and to b/material_entity - (c/perm-spec to (o/exactly to 1 b/has_quality_at_all_times "sex")))) + (c/perm-spec to (o/exactly to 1 b/specifically_depended_on_by "sex")))) (is (not (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and to "mammal" - (o/owl-some to b/has_quality_at_all_times "male-sex") - (o/owl-some to b/has_quality_at_all_times "female-sex")))) + (o/owl-some to b/specifically_depended_on_by "male-sex") + (o/owl-some to b/specifically_depended_on_by "female-sex")))) "A mammal that is biologically male at some time and biologically female at some other time → owl:Nothing")) (deftest psr_cp1 @@ -241,7 +240,7 @@ :super b/quality) (o/add-superclass to "apple" - (c/perm-gen to o/owl-some b/has_quality_at_all_times "colour")) + (c/perm-gen to o/owl-some b/specifically_depended_on_by "colour")) (.flush ^OWLReasoner (r/reasoner to)) (is (r/consistent? to) @@ -250,7 +249,7 @@ (o/with-probe-axioms to [a (o/add-subclass to (o/owl-some to c/min-tqme-of "apple") - (o/! to (o/owl-some to b/has_quality_at_all_times + (o/! to (o/owl-some to b/specifically_depended_on_by (o/owl-some to c/min-tqme-of "colour"))))] (is (not (r/consistent? to)) "There are apples without a colour → owl:Nothing")) From c44b5d0ba14290e509c9b424afe4ffc4c8c19823 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Niels Grewe Date: Sun, 18 Feb 2024 21:18:37 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/8] fix: Repair tgr-cm- and tgr-cp1 --- .../de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj | 55 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj b/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj index 75901f2..9c64e7c 100644 --- a/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj +++ b/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj @@ -72,38 +72,39 @@ "A human having teeth at some time → OK")) (deftest tgr_cm- - (o/owl-class to "color" - :super b/quality) - (o/owl-class to "red-color" - :super "color") - (o/owl-class to "green-color" - :super "color") - (o/disjoint-classes to (list "green-color" "red-color")) - (o/owl-class to "apple" - :super (o/owl-and to b/material_entity - (o/owl-some to c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-some to b/specifically_depended_on_by "green-color")))) - (is (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and to "apple" - (o/owl-some to c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-only to b/specifically_depended_on_by - (o/|| to "red-color" (o/! to "color")))))) + (def color (o/owl-class to "color" + :super b/quality)) + (def red-color (o/owl-class to "red-color" + :super color)) + (def green-color (o/owl-class to "green-color" + :super color)) + (o/disjoint-classes to (list green-color red-color)) + (def apple (o/owl-class to "apple" + :super (o/owl-and b/material_entity + (o/owl-some c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-some b/specifically_depended_on_by green-color))))) + (is (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and apple + (o/owl-some c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-only b/specifically_depended_on_by + (o/|| red-color (o/! color)))))) "An apple that at some time has no other color than red → OK")) (deftest tgr_cp1 - (o/owl-class to "birth" - :super b/process) - (o/owl-class to "mammal" - :super (o/owl-and to b/material_entity - (o/owl-some to c/has-max-tqme - (o/owl-some to c/has-min-tqme - (o/owl-some to b/participates_in_at_all_times "birth"))) - ) - ) + (def birth (o/owl-class to "birth" + :super b/process)) + (def mammal (o/owl-class to "mammal" + :super (o/owl-and b/material_entity + (o/owl-some c/has-max-tqme + (o/owl-some c/has-min-tqme + (o/owl-some b/participates_in_at_all_times birth))) + ) + ) + ) (.flush ^OWLReasoner (r/reasoner to)) - (is (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and to "mammal" - (o/owl-some to c/has-phase - (o/owl-some to c/phase-of - (o/! to (o/owl-some to + (is (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and mammal + (o/owl-some c/has-max-tqme + (o/owl-some c/has-min-tqme + (o/! (o/owl-some b/participates_in_at_all_times - "birth")))))) + birth)))))) "A mammal that at some time does not participate in a birth process → OK")) (deftest psr_cm+ From dc48782718a333cf5c4527c6d75a999c15fbd4ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Niels Grewe Date: Sun, 18 Feb 2024 22:11:05 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 3/8] fix: IRI generation --- .../de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/base.clj | 18 +++++++++++++++--- .../de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj | 3 ++- 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/base.clj b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/base.clj index b03a33c..516e4a2 100644 --- a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/base.clj +++ b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/base.clj @@ -10,9 +10,15 @@ (defonce ^String bfo-iri "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo.owl") -(defn resource-iri "Get a reference to the local BFO copy" ^IRI [] +(defonce ^String tawny-iri "http://www.purl.org/ontolink/tawny") + + +(defn bfo-resource-iri "Get a reference to the local BFO copy" ^IRI [] (IRI/create (clojure.java.io/resource "bfo.owl"))) +(defn tawny-resource-iri "Get a reference to the local tawny.owl copy" ^IRI [] + (IRI/create (clojure.java.io/resource "tawny.owl"))) + (defn -scoped "Generate a v5 UUID in the tqme namespace" [^String n] ; The namespace here must be kept as is in order to keep IRIs stable (uuid/v5 (uuid/v5 uuid/+namespace-url+ "http://www.halbordnung.de/ontologies/tqc.owl") @@ -20,10 +26,10 @@ (o/defno iri-generate "Generate IRIs for the determinist names" [o name] - (iri (str (.getOntologyIRI (.getOntologyID ^OWLOntology o)) "#" (-scoped name)))) + (iri (str (.get (.getOntologyIRI (.getOntologyID ^OWLOntology o))) "#" (-scoped name)))) (r/defread bfo - :location (resource-iri) + :location (bfo-resource-iri) :prefix "bfo" :iri bfo-iri :viri "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl" @@ -33,3 +39,9 @@ (clojure.core/comp r/stop-characters-transform r/exception-nil-label-transform)) (tawny.memorise/remember bfo (clojure.java.io/resource "bfo_memo.clj")) + +(r/defread tawny + :location (tawny-resource-iri) + :prefix "tawny" + :iri tawny-iri +) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj index eb39006..d63eda4 100644 --- a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj +++ b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ :iri-gen b/iri-generate) (owl-import b/bfo) +(owl-import b/tawny) (defclass tqme :label "temporally qualified material entity" @@ -178,4 +179,4 @@ (ctor relation (owl-some min-tqme-of class))) ) - ) \ No newline at end of file + ) From 25ad88b7f3d565ae7a5eb0c8aad6be4960520642 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Niels Grewe Date: Sun, 18 Feb 2024 22:55:47 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 4/8] fix: Adjust minimal-history-segment-of for BFO2020 --- src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj index d63eda4..c081831 100644 --- a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj +++ b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj @@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ (defoproperty phase-of :label "minimal history segment of" - :super b/specifically_depends_on :domain phase :range tqme :characteristic :functional) From 7f5a6c12bd38ded51bf37c2126d84fb59909e28a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Niels Grewe Date: Sun, 18 Feb 2024 22:56:19 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 5/8] fix: Repair psr-cm+ --- .../de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj | 91 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 48 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj b/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj index 9c64e7c..46829b8 100644 --- a/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj +++ b/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ [clojure.test] ) [:use clojure.test] - (:import (org.semanticweb.owlapi.reasoner OWLReasoner))) + (:import (org.semanticweb.owlapi.reasoner InconsistentOntologyException OWLReasoner))) (def to nil) (defn createtestontology [] @@ -35,7 +35,11 @@ (defn satisfiable? [ontology expr] (.flush ^OWLReasoner (r/reasoner ontology)) - (.isSatisfiable ^OWLReasoner (r/reasoner ontology) expr)) + (try + (.isSatisfiable ^OWLReasoner (r/reasoner ontology) expr) + (catch InconsistentOntologyException e false) + ) + ) (use-fixtures :each tqme-fixture) (use-fixtures :once write-tqme) @@ -108,57 +112,58 @@ "A mammal that at some time does not participate in a birth process → OK")) (deftest psr_cm+ - (o/owl-class to "brain" - :super b/material_entity) (let - [has-brain (o/object-property to "has-brain" - :super b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times - :range "brain" - :characteristic :functional) - - part-of-brain (o/object-property to "part-of-brain" - :super b/continuant_part_of_at_all_times - :domain "brain" - :characteristic :inversefunctional) - ventricle (o/owl-class to "ventricle" - :super (o/owl-and to b/material_entity - (c/perm-spec to (o/owl-some to part-of-brain "brain")))) human (o/owl-class to "human" - :super (o/owl-and to b/material_entity - (c/perm-spec to (o/owl-some to has-brain "brain")))) - - joes-brain (o/individual to "joes-brain" - :type "brain") - - other-brain (o/individual to "other-brain" - :type "brain" - :different joes-brain) - - joe (o/individual to "joe" - :type human - :fact (o/fact to has-brain joes-brain)) - - p1 (o/individual to "phase1" - :type c/phase - :fact (o/fact to c/phase-of joe)) - mrx (o/individual to "mrx" - :fact (o/fact to c/has-phase p1) - :comment "Mr X should in fact be identical with Joe") - - error-fact (o/fact to has-brain other-brain)] + (def brain (o/owl-class to "brain" + :super b/material_entity)) (let + [has-brain (o/object-property to "has-brain" + :super b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times + :range brain + :characteristic :functional) + + part-of-brain (o/object-property to "part-of-brain" + :super b/continuant_part_of_at_all_times + :range brain + :characteristic :inversefunctional) + ventricle (o/owl-class to "ventricle" + :super (o/owl-and b/material_entity + (c/perm-spec to (o/owl-some part-of-brain brain)))) + human (o/owl-class to "human" + :super (o/owl-and b/material_entity + (c/perm-spec to (o/owl-some has-brain brain)))) + + joes-brain (o/individual to "joes-brain" + :type brain) + + other-brain (o/individual to "other-brain" + :type brain + :different joes-brain) + + joe (o/individual to "joe" + :type human + :fact (o/fact has-brain joes-brain)) + + p1 (o/individual to "phase1" + :type c/phase + :fact (o/fact c/phase-of joe)) + mrx (o/individual to "mrx" + :fact (o/fact c/has-phase p1) + :comment "Mr X should in fact be identical with Joe") + + ] (is (r/consistent? to) "Consistent before bad axiom") (o/with-probe-axioms to - [a (o/add-fact to mrx error-fact)] + (o/add-fact to mrx (o/fact has-brain other-brain)) (is (not (r/consistent? to)) "There is a time in which Joe does not have his original brain → owl:Nothing")) ;; Sanity check: Were the probe axioms really removed? (is (r/consistent? to)) - (is (not (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and to ventricle - (o/! to - (o/owl-some to part-of-brain "brain")) - (o/owl-some to part-of-brain "brain")))) + (is (not (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and ventricle + (o/! + (o/owl-some part-of-brain brain)) + (o/owl-some part-of-brain brain)))) "A brain ventricle that is part of a human brain at some time and that is not part of any human brain at another time → owl:Nothing") ;; We have a third example here but that's essentially negation of the entire scope, so we don't do it. From 75179ca2b8d1d4dfe31dcc117440bdebda7d61d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Niels Grewe Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2024 20:38:56 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 6/8] fix: Repair most psr/pgr tests --- .../de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj | 164 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 82 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj b/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj index 46829b8..a2d6c81 100644 --- a/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj +++ b/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj @@ -76,20 +76,20 @@ "A human having teeth at some time → OK")) (deftest tgr_cm- - (def color (o/owl-class to "color" + (def colour (o/owl-class to "colour" :super b/quality)) - (def red-color (o/owl-class to "red-color" - :super color)) - (def green-color (o/owl-class to "green-color" - :super color)) - (o/disjoint-classes to (list green-color red-color)) + (def red-colour (o/owl-class to "red-colour" + :super colour)) + (def green-colour (o/owl-class to "green-colour" + :super colour)) + (o/disjoint-classes to (list green-colour red-colour)) (def apple (o/owl-class to "apple" :super (o/owl-and b/material_entity - (o/owl-some c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-some b/specifically_depended_on_by green-color))))) + (o/owl-some c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-some b/specifically_depended_on_by green-colour))))) (is (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and apple (o/owl-some c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-only b/specifically_depended_on_by - (o/|| red-color (o/! color)))))) - "An apple that at some time has no other color than red → OK")) + (o/|| red-colour (o/! colour)))))) + "An apple that at some time has no other colour than red → OK")) (deftest tgr_cp1 (def birth (o/owl-class to "birth" @@ -171,40 +171,40 @@ (deftest psr_cm- - (o/owl-class to "sex" - :super b/quality) - (o/owl-class to "male-sex" - :super "sex") - (o/owl-class to "female-sex" - :super "sex") - (o/disjoint-classes to (list "male-sex" "female-sex")) - (o/owl-class to "mammal" - :super (o/owl-and to b/material_entity - (c/perm-spec to (o/exactly to 1 b/specifically_depended_on_by "sex")))) - - (is (not (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and to "mammal" - (o/owl-some to b/specifically_depended_on_by "male-sex") - (o/owl-some to b/specifically_depended_on_by "female-sex")))) + (def sex (o/owl-class to "sex" + :super b/quality)) + (def male-sex (o/owl-class to "male-sex" + :super sex)) + (def female-sex (o/owl-class to "female-sex" + :super sex)) + (o/disjoint-classes to (list male-sex female-sex)) + (def mammal (o/owl-class to "mammal" + :super (o/owl-and b/material_entity + (c/perm-spec to (o/exactly 1 b/specifically_depended_on_by sex))))) + + (is (not (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and mammal + (o/owl-some b/specifically_depended_on_by male-sex) + (o/owl-some b/specifically_depended_on_by female-sex)))) "A mammal that is biologically male at some time and biologically female at some other time → owl:Nothing")) (deftest psr_cp1 - (o/owl-class to "life" - :super b/history) - (o/owl-class to "organism" - :super (o/owl-and to b/material_entity - (c/perm-spec to (o/exactly to 1 b/participates_in_at_all_times "life")))) + (def life (o/owl-class to "life" + :super b/history)) + (def organism (o/owl-class to "organism" + :super (o/owl-and b/material_entity + (c/perm-spec to (o/exactly 1 b/participates_in_at_all_times life))))) (let [joes-life (o/individual to "joes-life" - :type "life") + :type life) joe (o/individual to "joe" - :type "organism" - :fact (o/fact to b/participates_in_at_all_times joes-life)) + :type organism + :fact (o/fact b/participates_in_at_all_times joes-life)) other-life (o/individual to "other-life" - :type "life" + :type life :different joes-life)] (o/with-probe-axioms to - [a (o/add-fact to joe (o/fact to b/participates_in_at_all_times other-life))] + [a (o/add-fact to joe (o/fact b/participates_in_at_all_times other-life))] (is (not (r/consistent? to)) "Joe participates in two different lives → owl:Nothing")))) @@ -212,26 +212,26 @@ ;; PSR_cp2 needs to be reformulated -- it is nonesense as is (deftest pgr_cm+ - (o/owl-class to "oxygen-molecule" - :super b/material_entity) - (o/owl-class to "red-blood-cell" - :super b/material_entity) - (o/owl-class to "root-phase" - :super (o/owl-and to + (def oxygen-molecule (o/owl-class to "oxygen-molecule" + :super b/material_entity)) + (def red-blood-cell (o/owl-class to "red-blood-cell" + :super b/material_entity)) + (def root-phase (o/owl-class to "root-phase" + :super (o/owl-and c/phase - (o/! to (o/owl-some to b/has_proper_occurrent_part o/owl-thing)) - (o/! to (o/owl-some to c/phase-of (o/owl-some to b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times - "oxygen-molecule"))))) - (o/disjoint-classes to (list "oxygen-molecule" "red-blood-cell")) + (o/! (o/owl-some b/has_proper_occurrent_part o/owl-thing)) + (o/! (o/owl-some c/phase-of (o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times + oxygen-molecule)))))) + (o/disjoint-classes to (list oxygen-molecule red-blood-cell)) - (o/add-superclass to "red-blood-cell" - (c/perm-gen to o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times "oxygen-molecule")) + (o/add-superclass to red-blood-cell + (c/perm-gen to o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times oxygen-molecule)) (o/with-probe-axioms to [a (o/add-subclass to - (o/owl-some to c/min-tqme-of "red-blood-cell") - (o/! to (o/owl-some to b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times - (o/owl-some to c/min-tqme-of "oxygen-molecule"))) + (o/owl-some c/min-tqme-of red-blood-cell) + (o/! (o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times + (o/owl-some c/min-tqme-of oxygen-molecule))) )] (is (not (r/consistent? to)) "There are red blood cells without oxygen molecules → owl:Nothing")) @@ -240,13 +240,13 @@ (deftest pgr_cm- - (o/owl-class to "apple" - :super b/material_entity) - (o/owl-class to "colour" - :super b/quality) + (def apple (o/owl-class to "apple" + :super b/material_entity)) + (def colour (o/owl-class to "colour" + :super b/quality)) - (o/add-superclass to "apple" - (c/perm-gen to o/owl-some b/specifically_depended_on_by "colour")) + (o/add-superclass to apple + (c/perm-gen to o/owl-some b/specifically_depended_on_by colour)) (.flush ^OWLReasoner (r/reasoner to)) (is (r/consistent? to) @@ -254,24 +254,24 @@ (o/with-probe-axioms to [a (o/add-subclass to - (o/owl-some to c/min-tqme-of "apple") - (o/! to (o/owl-some to b/specifically_depended_on_by - (o/owl-some to c/min-tqme-of "colour"))))] + (o/owl-some c/min-tqme-of apple) + (o/! (o/owl-some b/specifically_depended_on_by + (o/owl-some c/min-tqme-of colour))))] (is (not (r/consistent? to)) "There are apples without a colour → owl:Nothing")) ) (deftest pgr_cp1 - (o/owl-class to "organism" - :super b/material_entity) - (o/owl-class to "eco-process" - :super b/process) + (def organism (o/owl-class to "organism" + :super b/material_entity)) + (def eco-process (o/owl-class to "eco-process" + :super b/process)) - (o/add-superclass to "organism" - (o/owl-and to - (o/owl-some to c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-some to b/participates_in_at_all_times "eco-process")) - (o/owl-only to c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-some to b/participates_in_at_all_times "eco-process")) + (o/add-superclass to organism + (o/owl-and + (o/owl-some c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-some b/participates_in_at_all_times eco-process)) + (o/owl-only c/has-min-tqme (o/owl-some b/participates_in_at_all_times eco-process)) ) ) @@ -280,8 +280,8 @@ (o/with-probe-axioms to [a (o/add-subclass to - (o/owl-some to c/min-tqme-of "organism") - (o/! to (o/owl-some to b/participates_in_at_all_times "eco-process")))] + (o/owl-some c/min-tqme-of organism) + (o/! (o/owl-some b/participates_in_at_all_times eco-process)))] (is (not (r/consistent? to)) "There are organisms that do not participate in any ecologic process at certain times → owl:Nothing")) ) @@ -289,30 +289,30 @@ (deftest pgr_transitivity - (o/owl-class to "blood-volume" - :super b/material_entity) - (o/owl-class to "red-blood-cell" - :super b/material_entity) - (o/owl-class to "oxygen-molecule" - :super b/material_entity) + (def blood-volume (o/owl-class to "blood-volume" + :super b/material_entity)) + (def red-blood-cell (o/owl-class to "red-blood-cell" + :super b/material_entity)) + (def oxygen-molecule (o/owl-class to "oxygen-molecule" + :super b/material_entity)) - (o/disjoint-classes to (list "blood-volume" "red-blood-cell" "oxygen-molecule")) + (o/disjoint-classes to (list blood-volume red-blood-cell oxygen-molecule)) - (o/add-superclass to "red-blood-cell" + (o/add-superclass to red-blood-cell (c/perm-gen to o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times - "oxygen-molecule")) + oxygen-molecule)) - (o/add-superclass to "blood-volume" + (o/add-superclass to blood-volume (c/perm-gen to o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times - "red-blood-cell")) + red-blood-cell)) (is (r/consistent? to) "Consistent TQME ontology for transitive permanent generic parthood") (is (not (satisfiable? to - (o/owl-and to - (o/owl-some to c/min-tqme-of "blood-volume") - (o/! to (o/owl-some to + (o/owl-and + (o/owl-some c/min-tqme-of blood-volume) + (o/! (o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times - (o/owl-some to c/min-tqme-of "oxygen-molecule")))) + (o/owl-some c/min-tqme-of oxygen-molecule)))) )) "There times where a blood volume has no oxygen molecules → owl:Nothing") ) From 3cb65d1a55787216f1531c491d5b8e40b5c73424 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Niels Grewe Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2024 20:42:03 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 7/8] refactor: Simplify macros for tawny-owl 2 BREAKING CHANGE --- .../de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj | 6 +++--- .../de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj | 20 +++++++++---------- 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj index c081831..2840b9b 100644 --- a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj +++ b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj @@ -152,11 +152,11 @@ (owl-some b/has_history (phase-perm-spec o class))) (defn perm-spec - [o class] + [class] class) (defn temp - [o ctor relation class] + [ctor relation class] (owl-some has-max-tqme (owl-some @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ ) (defn perm-gen - [o ctor relation class] + [ctor relation class] (owl-and (owl-some has-min-tqme (ctor relation (owl-some min-tqme-of class))) diff --git a/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj b/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj index a2d6c81..37a8022 100644 --- a/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj +++ b/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj @@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ :super organism)) (o/disjoint-classes to (list tooth organism)) (o/add-superclass to tooth - (c/temp to o/owl-some b/continuant_part_of_at_all_times organism)) + (c/temp o/owl-some b/continuant_part_of_at_all_times organism)) (o/add-superclass to human - (c/temp to o/owl-only b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times (o/owl-not tooth))) + (c/temp o/owl-only b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times (o/owl-not tooth))) (is (r/consistent? to) "Ontology is consistent") (is (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and tooth (o/owl-some @@ -125,10 +125,10 @@ :characteristic :inversefunctional) ventricle (o/owl-class to "ventricle" :super (o/owl-and b/material_entity - (c/perm-spec to (o/owl-some part-of-brain brain)))) + (c/perm-spec (o/owl-some part-of-brain brain)))) human (o/owl-class to "human" :super (o/owl-and b/material_entity - (c/perm-spec to (o/owl-some has-brain brain)))) + (c/perm-spec (o/owl-some has-brain brain)))) joes-brain (o/individual to "joes-brain" :type brain) @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ (o/disjoint-classes to (list male-sex female-sex)) (def mammal (o/owl-class to "mammal" :super (o/owl-and b/material_entity - (c/perm-spec to (o/exactly 1 b/specifically_depended_on_by sex))))) + (c/perm-spec (o/exactly 1 b/specifically_depended_on_by sex))))) (is (not (satisfiable? to (o/owl-and mammal (o/owl-some b/specifically_depended_on_by male-sex) @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ :super b/history)) (def organism (o/owl-class to "organism" :super (o/owl-and b/material_entity - (c/perm-spec to (o/exactly 1 b/participates_in_at_all_times life))))) + (c/perm-spec (o/exactly 1 b/participates_in_at_all_times life))))) (let [joes-life (o/individual to "joes-life" @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ (o/disjoint-classes to (list oxygen-molecule red-blood-cell)) (o/add-superclass to red-blood-cell - (c/perm-gen to o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times oxygen-molecule)) + (c/perm-gen o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times oxygen-molecule)) (o/with-probe-axioms to [a (o/add-subclass to @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ :super b/quality)) (o/add-superclass to apple - (c/perm-gen to o/owl-some b/specifically_depended_on_by colour)) + (c/perm-gen o/owl-some b/specifically_depended_on_by colour)) (.flush ^OWLReasoner (r/reasoner to)) (is (r/consistent? to) @@ -299,11 +299,11 @@ (o/disjoint-classes to (list blood-volume red-blood-cell oxygen-molecule)) (o/add-superclass to red-blood-cell - (c/perm-gen to o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times + (c/perm-gen o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times oxygen-molecule)) (o/add-superclass to blood-volume - (c/perm-gen to o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times + (c/perm-gen o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times red-blood-cell)) (is (r/consistent? to) "Consistent TQME ontology for transitive permanent generic parthood") From d865942284b1cb0c2b3a15ce2bcff53d6702d531 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Niels Grewe Date: Fri, 24 May 2024 19:35:19 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 8/8] fix(PGR, transitivity): Implement compentency question using full strength axioms --- .../de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj | 33 +++++++++++++++++++ .../de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj | 4 +-- 2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj index 2840b9b..b2cb9d5 100644 --- a/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj +++ b/src/main/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/core.clj @@ -179,3 +179,36 @@ ) ) + +(defn perm-gen-full + [ctor relation class] + (owl-and + (owl-some b/has_history + (owl-some b/has_occurrent_part + (owl-some has-phase + (ctor relation + (owl-some phase-of + (owl-some b/occurrent_part_of + (owl-some b/history_of class) + ) + ) + ) + ) + ) + ) + (owl-only b/has_history + (owl-only b/has_occurrent_part + (owl-only has-phase + (ctor relation + (owl-some phase-of + (owl-some b/occurrent_part_of + (owl-some b/history_of class) + ) + ) + ) + ) + ) + ) + + ) + ) diff --git a/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj b/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj index 37a8022..98f405e 100644 --- a/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj +++ b/src/test/clojure/de/halbordnung/ontologies/tqme/cq.clj @@ -299,11 +299,11 @@ (o/disjoint-classes to (list blood-volume red-blood-cell oxygen-molecule)) (o/add-superclass to red-blood-cell - (c/perm-gen o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times + (c/perm-gen-full o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times oxygen-molecule)) (o/add-superclass to blood-volume - (c/perm-gen o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times + (c/perm-gen-full o/owl-some b/has_continuant_part_at_all_times red-blood-cell)) (is (r/consistent? to) "Consistent TQME ontology for transitive permanent generic parthood")