diff --git a/doc/api/process.md b/doc/api/process.md
index b8c9d7b4b7ce03..2a4d6e839760be 100644
--- a/doc/api/process.md
+++ b/doc/api/process.md
@@ -3249,6 +3249,24 @@ This function is only available on POSIX platforms (i.e. not Windows or
 Android).
 This feature is not available in [`Worker`][] threads.
 
+## `process.setSourceMapsEnabled(val)`
+<!-- YAML
+added: REPLACEME
+-->
+
+> Stability: 1 - Experimental
+
+* `val` {boolean}
+
+This function enables or disables the [Source Map v3][Source Map] support for
+stack traces.
+
+It provides same features as launching Node.js process with commandline options
+`--enable-source-maps`.
+
+Only source maps in JavaScript files that are loaded after source maps has been
+enabled will be parsed and loaded.
+
 ## `process.setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback(fn)`
 <!-- YAML
 added: v9.3.0
@@ -3670,6 +3688,7 @@ cases:
 [LTS]: https://github.com/nodejs/Release
 [Readable]: stream.md#stream_readable_streams
 [Signal Events]: #process_signal_events
+[Source Map]: https://sourcemaps.info/spec.html
 [Stream compatibility]: stream.md#stream_compatibility_with_older_node_js_versions
 [TTY]: tty.md#tty_tty
 [Writable]: stream.md#stream_writable_streams
diff --git a/lib/internal/bootstrap/pre_execution.js b/lib/internal/bootstrap/pre_execution.js
index 3b69844dc4ea0c..0906b35edc5ff3 100644
--- a/lib/internal/bootstrap/pre_execution.js
+++ b/lib/internal/bootstrap/pre_execution.js
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ function prepareMainThreadExecution(expandArgv1 = false) {
   // (including preload modules).
   initializeClusterIPC();
 
+  initializeSourceMapsHandlers();
   initializeDeprecations();
   initializeWASI();
   initializeCJSLoader();
@@ -454,6 +455,12 @@ function initializeESMLoader() {
   }
 }
 
+function initializeSourceMapsHandlers() {
+  const { setSourceMapsEnabled } =
+    require('internal/source_map/source_map_cache');
+  process.setSourceMapsEnabled = setSourceMapsEnabled;
+}
+
 function initializeFrozenIntrinsics() {
   if (getOptionValue('--frozen-intrinsics')) {
     process.emitWarning('The --frozen-intrinsics flag is experimental',
@@ -485,6 +492,7 @@ module.exports = {
   initializeDeprecations,
   initializeESMLoader,
   initializeFrozenIntrinsics,
+  initializeSourceMapsHandlers,
   loadPreloadModules,
   setupTraceCategoryState,
   setupInspectorHooks,
diff --git a/lib/internal/main/worker_thread.js b/lib/internal/main/worker_thread.js
index d6434ff96e1185..71a07a63a3636a 100644
--- a/lib/internal/main/worker_thread.js
+++ b/lib/internal/main/worker_thread.js
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ const {
   initializeESMLoader,
   initializeFrozenIntrinsics,
   initializeReport,
+  initializeSourceMapsHandlers,
   loadPreloadModules,
   setupTraceCategoryState
 } = require('internal/bootstrap/pre_execution');
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ setupInspectorHooks();
 setupDebugEnv();
 
 setupWarningHandler();
+initializeSourceMapsHandlers();
 
 // Since worker threads cannot switch cwd, we do not need to
 // overwrite the process.env.NODE_V8_COVERAGE variable.
diff --git a/lib/internal/source_map/source_map_cache.js b/lib/internal/source_map/source_map_cache.js
index 07cdf8a337af7e..c0de6aeb51868f 100644
--- a/lib/internal/source_map/source_map_cache.js
+++ b/lib/internal/source_map/source_map_cache.js
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ const { IterableWeakMap } = require('internal/util/iterable_weak_map');
 const {
   normalizeReferrerURL,
 } = require('internal/modules/cjs/helpers');
+const { validateBoolean } = require('internal/validators');
 // Since the CJS module cache is mutable, which leads to memory leaks when
 // modules are deleted, we use a WeakMap so that the source map cache will
 // be purged automatically:
@@ -41,22 +42,35 @@ let SourceMap;
 let sourceMapsEnabled;
 function getSourceMapsEnabled() {
   if (sourceMapsEnabled === undefined) {
-    sourceMapsEnabled = getOptionValue('--enable-source-maps');
-    if (sourceMapsEnabled) {
-      const {
-        enableSourceMaps,
-        setPrepareStackTraceCallback
-      } = internalBinding('errors');
-      const {
-        prepareStackTrace
-      } = require('internal/source_map/prepare_stack_trace');
-      setPrepareStackTraceCallback(prepareStackTrace);
-      enableSourceMaps();
-    }
+    setSourceMapsEnabled(getOptionValue('--enable-source-maps'));
   }
   return sourceMapsEnabled;
 }
 
+function setSourceMapsEnabled(val) {
+  validateBoolean(val, 'val');
+
+  const {
+    setSourceMapsEnabled,
+    setPrepareStackTraceCallback
+  } = internalBinding('errors');
+  setSourceMapsEnabled(val);
+  if (val) {
+    const {
+      prepareStackTrace
+    } = require('internal/source_map/prepare_stack_trace');
+    setPrepareStackTraceCallback(prepareStackTrace);
+  } else if (sourceMapsEnabled !== undefined) {
+    // Reset prepare stack trace callback only when disabling source maps.
+    const {
+      prepareStackTrace,
+    } = require('internal/errors');
+    setPrepareStackTraceCallback(prepareStackTrace);
+  }
+
+  sourceMapsEnabled = val;
+}
+
 function maybeCacheSourceMap(filename, content, cjsModuleInstance) {
   const sourceMapsEnabled = getSourceMapsEnabled();
   if (!(process.env.NODE_V8_COVERAGE || sourceMapsEnabled)) return;
@@ -231,6 +245,7 @@ function findSourceMap(sourceURL) {
 module.exports = {
   findSourceMap,
   getSourceMapsEnabled,
+  setSourceMapsEnabled,
   maybeCacheSourceMap,
   sourceMapCacheToObject,
 };
diff --git a/src/node_errors.cc b/src/node_errors.cc
index a22493a140dfd2..6f71d95c391e93 100644
--- a/src/node_errors.cc
+++ b/src/node_errors.cc
@@ -820,9 +820,10 @@ void SetPrepareStackTraceCallback(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   env->set_prepare_stack_trace_callback(args[0].As<Function>());
 }
 
-static void EnableSourceMaps(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
+static void SetSourceMapsEnabled(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
-  env->set_source_maps_enabled(true);
+  CHECK(args[0]->IsBoolean());
+  env->set_source_maps_enabled(args[0].As<Boolean>()->Value());
 }
 
 static void SetEnhanceStackForFatalException(
@@ -858,7 +859,7 @@ static void TriggerUncaughtException(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
 
 void RegisterExternalReferences(ExternalReferenceRegistry* registry) {
   registry->Register(SetPrepareStackTraceCallback);
-  registry->Register(EnableSourceMaps);
+  registry->Register(SetSourceMapsEnabled);
   registry->Register(SetEnhanceStackForFatalException);
   registry->Register(NoSideEffectsToString);
   registry->Register(TriggerUncaughtException);
@@ -871,7 +872,7 @@ void Initialize(Local<Object> target,
   Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(context);
   env->SetMethod(
       target, "setPrepareStackTraceCallback", SetPrepareStackTraceCallback);
-  env->SetMethod(target, "enableSourceMaps", EnableSourceMaps);
+  env->SetMethod(target, "setSourceMapsEnabled", SetSourceMapsEnabled);
   env->SetMethod(target,
                  "setEnhanceStackForFatalException",
                  SetEnhanceStackForFatalException);
diff --git a/test/message/source_map_disabled_by_api.js b/test/message/source_map_disabled_by_api.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..8405e4f3661cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/message/source_map_disabled_by_api.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Flags: --enable-source-maps
+
+'use strict';
+require('../common');
+
+process.setSourceMapsEnabled(false);
+
+try {
+  require('../fixtures/source-map/enclosing-call-site-min.js');
+} catch (e) {
+  console.log(e);
+}
+
+delete require.cache[require
+  .resolve('../fixtures/source-map/enclosing-call-site-min.js')];
+
+// Re-enable.
+process.setSourceMapsEnabled(true);
+
+require('../fixtures/source-map/enclosing-call-site-min.js');
diff --git a/test/message/source_map_disabled_by_api.out b/test/message/source_map_disabled_by_api.out
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..d2cca7da5297e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/message/source_map_disabled_by_api.out
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Error: an error!
+    at functionD (*enclosing-call-site-min.js:1:156)
+    at functionC (*enclosing-call-site-min.js:1:97)
+    at functionB (*enclosing-call-site-min.js:1:60)
+    at functionA (*enclosing-call-site-min.js:1:26)
+    at Object.<anonymous> (*enclosing-call-site-min.js:1:199)
+    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+*enclosing-call-site.js:16
+      throw new Error('an error!')
+                ^
+
+Error: an error!
+    at functionD (*enclosing-call-site.js:16:17)
+    at functionC (*enclosing-call-site.js:10:3)
+    at functionB (*enclosing-call-site.js:6:3)
+    at functionA (*enclosing-call-site.js:2:3)
+    at Object.<anonymous> (*enclosing-call-site.js:24:3)
+    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
diff --git a/test/message/source_map_enabled_by_api.js b/test/message/source_map_enabled_by_api.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3133bd26399fd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/message/source_map_enabled_by_api.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+'use strict';
+require('../common');
+
+process.setSourceMapsEnabled(true);
+
+try {
+  require('../fixtures/source-map/enclosing-call-site-min.js');
+} catch (e) {
+  console.log(e);
+}
+
+delete require.cache[require
+  .resolve('../fixtures/source-map/enclosing-call-site-min.js')];
+
+process.setSourceMapsEnabled(false);
+
+require('../fixtures/source-map/enclosing-call-site-min.js');
diff --git a/test/message/source_map_enabled_by_api.out b/test/message/source_map_enabled_by_api.out
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..525ceccec12e4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/message/source_map_enabled_by_api.out
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+*enclosing-call-site.js:16
+      throw new Error('an error!')
+                ^
+
+Error: an error!
+    at functionD (*enclosing-call-site.js:16:17)
+    at functionC (*enclosing-call-site.js:10:3)
+    at functionB (*enclosing-call-site.js:6:3)
+    at functionA (*enclosing-call-site.js:2:3)
+    at Object.<anonymous> (*enclosing-call-site.js:24:3)
+    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+*enclosing-call-site-min.js:1
+var functionA=function(){functionB()};function functionB(){functionC()}var functionC=function(){functionD()},functionD=function(){if(0<Math.random())throw Error("an error!");},thrower=functionA;try{functionA()}catch(a){throw a;};
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ^
+
+Error: an error!
+    at functionD (*enclosing-call-site-min.js:1:156)
+    at functionC (*enclosing-call-site-min.js:1:97)
+    at functionB (*enclosing-call-site-min.js:1:60)
+    at functionA (*enclosing-call-site-min.js:1:26)
+    at Object.<anonymous> (*enclosing-call-site-min.js:1:199)
+    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
+    at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:*)
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-process-setsourcemapsenabled.js b/test/parallel/test-process-setsourcemapsenabled.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..7211cfb3b88cf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-process-setsourcemapsenabled.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+'use strict';
+require('../common');
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+const unexpectedValues = [
+  undefined,
+  null,
+  1,
+  {},
+  () => {},
+];
+for (const it of unexpectedValues) {
+  assert.throws(() => {
+    process.setSourceMapsEnabled(it);
+  }, /ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE/);
+}