diff --git a/doc/api/n-api.md b/doc/api/n-api.md
index 15a6a2932cdfaf..8e99d640c1df9d 100644
--- a/doc/api/n-api.md
+++ b/doc/api/n-api.md
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ it still gets the benefits of the ABI stability provided by the C API.
 When using `node-addon-api` instead of the C APIs, start with the API [docs][]
 for `node-addon-api`.
 
-The [Node-API Resource](https://nodejs.github.io/node-addon-examples/) offers
+The [Node-API Resource](https://nodejs.github.io/node-addon-examples/) offers
 an excellent orientation and tips for developers just getting started with
 Node-API and `node-addon-api`. Additional media resources can be found on the
 [Node-API Media][] page.
@@ -175,7 +175,8 @@ developers have run into limitations in node-gyp.
 [CMake.js][] is an alternative build system based on [CMake][].
 
 CMake.js is a good choice for projects that already use CMake or for
-developers affected by limitations in node-gyp.
+developers affected by limitations in node-gyp. [`build_with_cmake`][] is an
+example of a CMake-based native addon project.
 
 ### Uploading precompiled binaries
 
@@ -237,6 +238,18 @@ Some of the Node-API surface is experimental and requires explicit opt-in:
 In this case the entire API surface, including any experimental APIs, will be
 available to the module code.
 
+Occasionally, experimental features are introduced that affect already-released
+and stable APIs. These features can be disabled by an opt-out:
+
+```c
+#define NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL
+#define NODE_API_EXPERIMENTAL_<FEATURE_NAME>_OPT_OUT
+#include <node_api.h>
+```
+
+where `<FEATURE_NAME>` is the name of an experimental feature that affects both
+experimental and stable APIs.
+
 ## Node-API version matrix
 
 Up until version 9, Node-API versions were additive and versioned
@@ -419,7 +432,7 @@ napi_value create_addon(napi_env env) {
 #include <node_api.h>
 #include "addon.h"
 
-NAPI_MODULE_INIT() {
+NAPI_MODULE_INIT(/* napi_env env, napi_value exports */) {
   // This function body is expected to return a `napi_value`.
   // The variables `napi_env env` and `napi_value exports` may be used within
   // the body, as they are provided by the definition of `NAPI_MODULE_INIT()`.
@@ -464,7 +477,7 @@ napiVersion: 6
 -->
 
 ```c
-napi_status napi_set_instance_data(napi_env env,
+napi_status napi_set_instance_data(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                    void* data,
                                    napi_finalize finalize_cb,
                                    void* finalize_hint);
@@ -496,7 +509,7 @@ napiVersion: 6
 -->
 
 ```c
-napi_status napi_get_instance_data(napi_env env,
+napi_status napi_get_instance_data(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                    void** data);
 ```
 
@@ -598,6 +611,22 @@ when an instance of a native addon is unloaded. Notification of this event is
 delivered through the callbacks given to [`napi_add_env_cleanup_hook`][] and
 [`napi_set_instance_data`][].
 
+### `node_api_nogc_env`
+
+> Stability: 1 - Experimental
+
+This variant of `napi_env` is passed to synchronous finalizers
+([`node_api_nogc_finalize`][]). There is a subset of Node-APIs which accept
+a parameter of type `node_api_nogc_env` as their first argument. These APIs do
+not access the state of the JavaScript engine and are thus safe to call from
+synchronous finalizers. Passing a parameter of type `napi_env` to these APIs is
+allowed, however, passing a parameter of type `node_api_nogc_env` to APIs that
+access the JavaScript engine state is not allowed. Attempting to do so without
+a cast will produce a compiler warning or an error when add-ons are compiled
+with flags which cause them to emit warnings and/or errors when incorrect
+pointer types are passed into a function. Calling such APIs from a synchronous
+finalizer will ultimately result in the termination of the application.
+
 ### `napi_value`
 
 This is an opaque pointer that is used to represent a JavaScript value.
@@ -762,32 +791,36 @@ typedef napi_value (*napi_callback)(napi_env, napi_callback_info);
 Unless for reasons discussed in [Object Lifetime Management][], creating a
 handle and/or callback scope inside a `napi_callback` is not necessary.
 
-#### `napi_finalize`
+#### `node_api_nogc_finalize`
 
 <!-- YAML
-added: v8.0.0
-napiVersion: 1
+added: REPLACEME
 -->
 
+> Stability: 1 - Experimental
+
 Function pointer type for add-on provided functions that allow the user to be
 notified when externally-owned data is ready to be cleaned up because the
-object with which it was associated with has been garbage-collected. The user
-must provide a function satisfying the following signature which would get
-called upon the object's collection. Currently, `napi_finalize` can be used for
+object it was associated with has been garbage-collected. The user must provide
+a function satisfying the following signature which would get called upon the
+object's collection. Currently, `node_api_nogc_finalize` can be used for
 finding out when objects that have external data are collected.
 
 ```c
-typedef void (*napi_finalize)(napi_env env,
-                              void* finalize_data,
-                              void* finalize_hint);
+typedef void (*node_api_nogc_finalize)(node_api_nogc_env env,
+                                      void* finalize_data,
+                                      void* finalize_hint);
 ```
 
 Unless for reasons discussed in [Object Lifetime Management][], creating a
 handle and/or callback scope inside the function body is not necessary.
 
 Since these functions may be called while the JavaScript engine is in a state
-where it cannot execute JavaScript code, some Node-API calls may return
-`napi_pending_exception` even when there is no exception pending.
+where it cannot execute JavaScript code, only Node-APIs which accept a
+`node_api_nogc_env` as their first parameter may be called.
+[`node_api_post_finalizer`][] can be used to schedule Node-API calls that
+require access to the JavaScript engine's state to run after the current
+garbage collection cycle has completed.
 
 In the case of [`node_api_create_external_string_latin1`][] and
 [`node_api_create_external_string_utf16`][] the `env` parameter may be null,
@@ -796,11 +829,39 @@ shutdown.
 
 Change History:
 
+* experimental (`NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL`):
+
+  Only Node-API calls that accept a `node_api_nogc_env` as their first
+  parameter may be called, otherwise the application will be terminated with an
+  appropriate error message. This feature can be turned off by defining
+  `NODE_API_EXPERIMENTAL_NOGC_ENV_OPT_OUT`.
+
+#### `napi_finalize`
+
+<!-- YAML
+added: v8.0.0
+napiVersion: 1
+-->
+
+Function pointer type for add-on provided function that allow the user to
+schedule a group of calls to Node-APIs in response to a garbage collection
+event, after the garbage collection cycle has completed. These function
+pointers can be used with [`node_api_post_finalizer`][].
+
+```c
+typedef void (*napi_finalize)(napi_env env,
+                              void* finalize_data,
+                              void* finalize_hint);
+```
+
+Change History:
+
 * experimental (`NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL` is defined):
 
-  Node-API calls made from a finalizer will return `napi_cannot_run_js` when
-  the JavaScript engine is unable to execute JavaScript, and will return
-  `napi_exception_pending` if there is a pending exception.
+  A function of this type may no longer be used as a finalizer, except with
+  [`node_api_post_finalizer`][]. [`node_api_nogc_finalize`][] must be used
+  instead. This feature can be turned off by defining
+  `NODE_API_EXPERIMENTAL_NOGC_ENV_OPT_OUT`.
 
 #### `napi_async_execute_callback`
 
@@ -1002,7 +1063,7 @@ napiVersion: 1
 
 ```c
 napi_status
-napi_get_last_error_info(napi_env env,
+napi_get_last_error_info(node_api_nogc_env env,
                          const napi_extended_error_info** result);
 ```
 
@@ -1821,7 +1882,7 @@ napiVersion: 3
 -->
 
 ```c
-NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_add_env_cleanup_hook(napi_env env,
+NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_add_env_cleanup_hook(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                                   napi_cleanup_hook fun,
                                                   void* arg);
 ```
@@ -1851,7 +1912,7 @@ napiVersion: 3
 -->
 
 ```c
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_remove_env_cleanup_hook(napi_env env,
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_remove_env_cleanup_hook(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                                      void (*fun)(void* arg),
                                                      void* arg);
 ```
@@ -1880,7 +1941,7 @@ changes:
 
 ```c
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_add_async_cleanup_hook(
-    napi_env env,
+    node_api_nogc_env env,
     napi_async_cleanup_hook hook,
     void* arg,
     napi_async_cleanup_hook_handle* remove_handle);
@@ -2038,7 +2099,7 @@ You can also use the `NAPI_MODULE_INIT` macro, which acts as a shorthand
 for `NAPI_MODULE` and defining an `Init` function:
 
 ```c
-NAPI_MODULE_INIT() {
+NAPI_MODULE_INIT(/* napi_env env, napi_value exports */) {
   napi_value answer;
   napi_status result;
 
@@ -2052,6 +2113,9 @@ NAPI_MODULE_INIT() {
 }
 ```
 
+The parameters `env` and `exports` are provided to the body of the
+`NAPI_MODULE_INIT` macro.
+
 All Node-API addons are context-aware, meaning they may be loaded multiple
 times. There are a few design considerations when declaring such a module.
 The documentation on [context-aware addons][] provides more details.
@@ -5420,7 +5484,7 @@ napiVersion: 5
 napi_status napi_add_finalizer(napi_env env,
                                napi_value js_object,
                                void* finalize_data,
-                               napi_finalize finalize_cb,
+                               node_api_nogc_finalize finalize_cb,
                                void* finalize_hint,
                                napi_ref* result);
 ```
@@ -5458,7 +5522,7 @@ added: v21.0.0
 > Stability: 1 - Experimental
 
 ```c
-napi_status node_api_post_finalizer(napi_env env,
+napi_status node_api_post_finalizer(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                     napi_finalize finalize_cb,
                                     void* finalize_data,
                                     void* finalize_hint);
@@ -5528,7 +5592,7 @@ Once created the async worker can be queued
 for execution using the [`napi_queue_async_work`][] function:
 
 ```c
-napi_status napi_queue_async_work(napi_env env,
+napi_status napi_queue_async_work(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                   napi_async_work work);
 ```
 
@@ -5620,7 +5684,7 @@ napiVersion: 1
 -->
 
 ```c
-napi_status napi_queue_async_work(napi_env env,
+napi_status napi_queue_async_work(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                   napi_async_work work);
 ```
 
@@ -5641,7 +5705,7 @@ napiVersion: 1
 -->
 
 ```c
-napi_status napi_cancel_async_work(napi_env env,
+napi_status napi_cancel_async_work(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                    napi_async_work work);
 ```
 
@@ -5845,7 +5909,7 @@ typedef struct {
   const char* release;
 } napi_node_version;
 
-napi_status napi_get_node_version(napi_env env,
+napi_status napi_get_node_version(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                   const napi_node_version** version);
 ```
 
@@ -5868,7 +5932,7 @@ napiVersion: 1
 -->
 
 ```c
-napi_status napi_get_version(napi_env env,
+napi_status napi_get_version(node_api_nogc_env env,
                              uint32_t* result);
 ```
 
@@ -5901,7 +5965,7 @@ napiVersion: 1
 -->
 
 ```c
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_adjust_external_memory(napi_env env,
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_adjust_external_memory(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                                     int64_t change_in_bytes,
                                                     int64_t* result);
 ```
@@ -6118,7 +6182,7 @@ napiVersion: 2
 -->
 
 ```c
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_get_uv_event_loop(napi_env env,
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_get_uv_event_loop(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                                struct uv_loop_s** loop);
 ```
 
@@ -6432,7 +6496,7 @@ napiVersion: 4
 
 ```c
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status
-napi_ref_threadsafe_function(napi_env env, napi_threadsafe_function func);
+napi_ref_threadsafe_function(node_api_nogc_env env, napi_threadsafe_function func);
 ```
 
 * `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
@@ -6458,7 +6522,7 @@ napiVersion: 4
 
 ```c
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status
-napi_unref_threadsafe_function(napi_env env, napi_threadsafe_function func);
+napi_unref_threadsafe_function(node_api_nogc_env env, napi_threadsafe_function func);
 ```
 
 * `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
@@ -6484,7 +6548,7 @@ napiVersion: 9
 
 ```c
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status
-node_api_get_module_file_name(napi_env env, const char** result);
+node_api_get_module_file_name(node_api_nogc_env env, const char** result);
 
 ```
 
@@ -6548,6 +6612,7 @@ the add-on's file name during loading.
 [`Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER`]: https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-number.min_safe_integer
 [`Worker`]: worker_threads.md#class-worker
 [`async_hooks.executionAsyncResource()`]: async_hooks.md#async_hooksexecutionasyncresource
+[`build_with_cmake`]: https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-examples/tree/main/build_with_cmake
 [`global`]: globals.md#global
 [`init` hooks]: async_hooks.md#initasyncid-type-triggerasyncid-resource
 [`napi_add_async_cleanup_hook`]: #napi_add_async_cleanup_hook
@@ -6611,6 +6676,8 @@ the add-on's file name during loading.
 [`node_api_create_external_string_latin1`]: #node_api_create_external_string_latin1
 [`node_api_create_external_string_utf16`]: #node_api_create_external_string_utf16
 [`node_api_create_syntax_error`]: #node_api_create_syntax_error
+[`node_api_nogc_finalize`]: #node_api_nogc_finalize
+[`node_api_post_finalizer`]: #node_api_post_finalizer
 [`node_api_throw_syntax_error`]: #node_api_throw_syntax_error
 [`process.release`]: process.md#processrelease
 [`uv_ref`]: https://docs.libuv.org/en/v1.x/handle.html#c.uv_ref
diff --git a/doc/contributing/adding-new-napi-api.md b/doc/contributing/adding-new-napi-api.md
index e834a395b6206f..a970ed037714ec 100644
--- a/doc/contributing/adding-new-napi-api.md
+++ b/doc/contributing/adding-new-napi-api.md
@@ -51,3 +51,16 @@ Node-API.
       to the decision to take an API out of experimental status.
     * The API **must** be implemented in a Node.js implementation with an
       alternate VM.
+
+Since the adoption of the policy whereby moving to a later version of Node-API
+from an earlier version may entail rework of existing code, it is possible to
+introduce modifications to already-released Node-APIs, as long as the
+modifications affect neither the ABI nor the API of earlier versions. Such
+modifications **must** be accompanied by an opt-out flag. This provides add-on
+maintainers who take advantage of the initial compile-time flag to track
+impending changes to Node-API with
+
+* a quick fix to the breakage caused,
+* a notification that such breakage is impending, and thus
+* a buffer to adoption above and beyond the one provided by the initial
+  compile-time flag.
diff --git a/doc/contributing/releases-node-api.md b/doc/contributing/releases-node-api.md
index 5f4e6df9a5c3bc..088900f88c91e0 100644
--- a/doc/contributing/releases-node-api.md
+++ b/doc/contributing/releases-node-api.md
@@ -84,7 +84,11 @@ define guards on the declaration of the new Node-API. Check for these guards
 with:
 
 ```bash
-grep NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL src/js_native_api{_types,}.h src/node_api{_types,}.h
+grep                           \
+  -E                           \
+  'N(ODE_)?API_EXPERIMENTAL'   \
+  src/js_native_api{_types,}.h \
+  src/node_api{_types,}.h
 ```
 
 and update the define version guards with the release version:
@@ -102,6 +106,9 @@ and update the define version guards with the release version:
 
 Remove any feature flags of the form `NODE_API_EXPERIMENTAL_HAS_<FEATURE>`.
 
+Remove any additional `NODE_API_EXPERIMENTAL_*` guards along with
+`NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL`.
+
 Also, update the Node-API version value of the `napi_get_version` test in
 `test/js-native-api/test_general/test.js` with the release version `x`:
 
@@ -130,7 +137,11 @@ commits should already include `NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL` definition for the tests.
 Check for these definitions with:
 
 ```bash
-grep NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL test/node-api/*/{*.{h,c},binding.gyp} test/js-native-api/*/{*.{h,c},binding.gyp}
+grep                                    \
+  -E                                    \
+  'N(ODE_)?API_EXPERIMENTAL'            \
+  test/node-api/*/{*.{h,c},binding.gyp} \
+  test/js-native-api/*/{*.{h,c},binding.gyp}
 ```
 
 and substitute the `NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL` with the release version
@@ -141,6 +152,8 @@ and substitute the `NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL` with the release version
 + #define NAPI_VERSION 10
 ```
 
+Remove any `NODE_API_EXPERIMENTAL_*` flags.
+
 #### Step 4. Update document
 
 If this release includes new Node-APIs that were first released in this
diff --git a/src/js_native_api.h b/src/js_native_api.h
index a3ee3a0e224262..53034214b82ddd 100644
--- a/src/js_native_api.h
+++ b/src/js_native_api.h
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
 
 EXTERN_C_START
 
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-napi_get_last_error_info(napi_env env, const napi_extended_error_info** result);
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_last_error_info(
+    node_api_nogc_env env, const napi_extended_error_info** result);
 
 // Getters for defined singletons
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_undefined(napi_env env,
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
 node_api_create_external_string_latin1(napi_env env,
                                        char* str,
                                        size_t length,
-                                       napi_finalize finalize_callback,
+                                       node_api_nogc_finalize finalize_callback,
                                        void* finalize_hint,
                                        napi_value* result,
                                        bool* copied);
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
 node_api_create_external_string_utf16(napi_env env,
                                       char16_t* str,
                                       size_t length,
-                                      napi_finalize finalize_callback,
+                                      node_api_nogc_finalize finalize_callback,
                                       void* finalize_hint,
                                       napi_value* result,
                                       bool* copied);
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_instanceof(napi_env env,
 
 // Gets all callback info in a single call. (Ugly, but faster.)
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_cb_info(
-    napi_env env,               // [in] NAPI environment handle
+    napi_env env,               // [in] Node-API environment handle
     napi_callback_info cbinfo,  // [in] Opaque callback-info handle
     size_t* argc,      // [in-out] Specifies the size of the provided argv array
                        // and receives the actual count of args.
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ napi_define_class(napi_env env,
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_wrap(napi_env env,
                                              napi_value js_object,
                                              void* native_object,
-                                             napi_finalize finalize_cb,
+                                             node_api_nogc_finalize finalize_cb,
                                              void* finalize_hint,
                                              napi_ref* result);
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_unwrap(napi_env env,
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_remove_wrap(napi_env env,
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
 napi_create_external(napi_env env,
                      void* data,
-                     napi_finalize finalize_cb,
+                     node_api_nogc_finalize finalize_cb,
                      void* finalize_hint,
                      napi_value* result);
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_value_external(napi_env env,
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
 napi_create_external_arraybuffer(napi_env env,
                                  void* external_data,
                                  size_t byte_length,
-                                 napi_finalize finalize_cb,
+                                 node_api_nogc_finalize finalize_cb,
                                  void* finalize_hint,
                                  napi_value* result);
 #endif  // NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ napi_get_dataview_info(napi_env env,
                        size_t* byte_offset);
 
 // version management
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_version(napi_env env,
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_version(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                                     uint32_t* result);
 
 // Promises
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_run_script(napi_env env,
 
 // Memory management
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_adjust_external_memory(
-    napi_env env, int64_t change_in_bytes, int64_t* adjusted_value);
+    node_api_nogc_env env, int64_t change_in_bytes, int64_t* adjusted_value);
 
 #if NAPI_VERSION >= 5
 
@@ -509,12 +509,13 @@ NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_date_value(napi_env env,
                                                        double* result);
 
 // Add finalizer for pointer
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_add_finalizer(napi_env env,
-                                                      napi_value js_object,
-                                                      void* finalize_data,
-                                                      napi_finalize finalize_cb,
-                                                      void* finalize_hint,
-                                                      napi_ref* result);
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
+napi_add_finalizer(napi_env env,
+                   napi_value js_object,
+                   void* finalize_data,
+                   node_api_nogc_finalize finalize_cb,
+                   void* finalize_hint,
+                   napi_ref* result);
 
 #endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 5
 
@@ -522,7 +523,7 @@ NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_add_finalizer(napi_env env,
 #define NODE_API_EXPERIMENTAL_HAS_POST_FINALIZER
 
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-node_api_post_finalizer(napi_env env,
+node_api_post_finalizer(node_api_nogc_env env,
                         napi_finalize finalize_cb,
                         void* finalize_data,
                         void* finalize_hint);
@@ -566,10 +567,13 @@ napi_get_all_property_names(napi_env env,
                             napi_value* result);
 
 // Instance data
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_set_instance_data(
-    napi_env env, void* data, napi_finalize finalize_cb, void* finalize_hint);
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
+napi_set_instance_data(node_api_nogc_env env,
+                       void* data,
+                       napi_finalize finalize_cb,
+                       void* finalize_hint);
 
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_instance_data(napi_env env,
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_instance_data(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                                           void** data);
 #endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 6
 
diff --git a/src/js_native_api_types.h b/src/js_native_api_types.h
index 005382f173fee9..7cb5b080cc377a 100644
--- a/src/js_native_api_types.h
+++ b/src/js_native_api_types.h
@@ -22,6 +22,35 @@ typedef uint16_t char16_t;
 // JSVM API types are all opaque pointers for ABI stability
 // typedef undefined structs instead of void* for compile time type safety
 typedef struct napi_env__* napi_env;
+
+// We need to mark APIs which can be called during garbage collection (GC),
+// meaning that they do not affect the state of the JS engine, and can
+// therefore be called synchronously from a finalizer that itself runs
+// synchronously during GC. Such APIs can receive either a `napi_env` or a
+// `node_api_nogc_env` as their first parameter, because we should be able to
+// also call them during normal, non-garbage-collecting operations, whereas
+// APIs that affect the state of the JS engine can only receive a `napi_env` as
+// their first parameter, because we must not call them during GC. In lieu of
+// inheritance, we use the properties of the const qualifier to accomplish
+// this, because both a const and a non-const value can be passed to an API
+// expecting a const value, but only a non-const value can be passed to an API
+// expecting a non-const value.
+//
+// In conjunction with appropriate CFLAGS to warn us if we're passing a const
+// (nogc) environment into an API that expects a non-const environment, and the
+// definition of nogc finalizer function pointer types below, which receive a
+// nogc environment as their first parameter, and can thus only call nogc APIs
+// (unless the user explicitly casts the environment), we achieve the ability
+// to ensure at compile time that we do not call APIs that affect the state of
+// the JS engine from a synchronous (nogc) finalizer.
+#if !defined(NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL) ||                                             \
+    (defined(NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL) &&                                             \
+     defined(NODE_API_EXPERIMENTAL_NOGC_ENV_OPT_OUT))
+typedef struct napi_env__* node_api_nogc_env;
+#else
+typedef const struct napi_env__* node_api_nogc_env;
+#endif
+
 typedef struct napi_value__* napi_value;
 typedef struct napi_ref__* napi_ref;
 typedef struct napi_handle_scope__* napi_handle_scope;
@@ -116,6 +145,16 @@ typedef void(NAPI_CDECL* napi_finalize)(napi_env env,
                                         void* finalize_data,
                                         void* finalize_hint);
 
+#if !defined(NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL) ||                                             \
+    (defined(NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL) &&                                             \
+     defined(NODE_API_EXPERIMENTAL_NOGC_ENV_OPT_OUT))
+typedef napi_finalize node_api_nogc_finalize;
+#else
+typedef void(NAPI_CDECL* node_api_nogc_finalize)(node_api_nogc_env env,
+                                                 void* finalize_data,
+                                                 void* finalize_hint);
+#endif
+
 typedef struct {
   // One of utf8name or name should be NULL.
   const char* utf8name;
diff --git a/src/js_native_api_v8.cc b/src/js_native_api_v8.cc
index 53c0be9e02663d..59bfc0b18e11b1 100644
--- a/src/js_native_api_v8.cc
+++ b/src/js_native_api_v8.cc
@@ -856,7 +856,8 @@ static const char* error_messages[] = {
 };
 
 napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_last_error_info(
-    napi_env env, const napi_extended_error_info** result) {
+    node_api_nogc_env nogc_env, const napi_extended_error_info** result) {
+  napi_env env = const_cast<napi_env>(nogc_env);
   CHECK_ENV(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, result);
 
@@ -1594,14 +1595,16 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_create_string_utf16(napi_env env,
   });
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-node_api_create_external_string_latin1(napi_env env,
-                                       char* str,
-                                       size_t length,
-                                       napi_finalize finalize_callback,
-                                       void* finalize_hint,
-                                       napi_value* result,
-                                       bool* copied) {
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL node_api_create_external_string_latin1(
+    napi_env env,
+    char* str,
+    size_t length,
+    node_api_nogc_finalize nogc_finalize_callback,
+    void* finalize_hint,
+    napi_value* result,
+    bool* copied) {
+  napi_finalize finalize_callback =
+      reinterpret_cast<napi_finalize>(nogc_finalize_callback);
   return v8impl::NewExternalString(
       env,
       str,
@@ -1621,14 +1624,16 @@ node_api_create_external_string_latin1(napi_env env,
       });
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-node_api_create_external_string_utf16(napi_env env,
-                                      char16_t* str,
-                                      size_t length,
-                                      napi_finalize finalize_callback,
-                                      void* finalize_hint,
-                                      napi_value* result,
-                                      bool* copied) {
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL node_api_create_external_string_utf16(
+    napi_env env,
+    char16_t* str,
+    size_t length,
+    node_api_nogc_finalize nogc_finalize_callback,
+    void* finalize_hint,
+    napi_value* result,
+    bool* copied) {
+  napi_finalize finalize_callback =
+      reinterpret_cast<napi_finalize>(nogc_finalize_callback);
   return v8impl::NewExternalString(
       env,
       str,
@@ -2490,9 +2495,10 @@ GEN_COERCE_FUNCTION(STRING, String, string)
 napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_wrap(napi_env env,
                                  napi_value js_object,
                                  void* native_object,
-                                 napi_finalize finalize_cb,
+                                 node_api_nogc_finalize nogc_finalize_cb,
                                  void* finalize_hint,
                                  napi_ref* result) {
+  napi_finalize finalize_cb = reinterpret_cast<napi_finalize>(nogc_finalize_cb);
   return v8impl::Wrap(
       env, js_object, native_object, finalize_cb, finalize_hint, result);
 }
@@ -2509,11 +2515,13 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_remove_wrap(napi_env env,
   return v8impl::Unwrap(env, obj, result, v8impl::RemoveWrap);
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_create_external(napi_env env,
-                                            void* data,
-                                            napi_finalize finalize_cb,
-                                            void* finalize_hint,
-                                            napi_value* result) {
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL
+napi_create_external(napi_env env,
+                     void* data,
+                     node_api_nogc_finalize nogc_finalize_cb,
+                     void* finalize_hint,
+                     napi_value* result) {
+  napi_finalize finalize_cb = reinterpret_cast<napi_finalize>(nogc_finalize_cb);
   NAPI_PREAMBLE(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, result);
 
@@ -2932,7 +2940,7 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL
 napi_create_external_arraybuffer(napi_env env,
                                  void* external_data,
                                  size_t byte_length,
-                                 napi_finalize finalize_cb,
+                                 node_api_nogc_finalize finalize_cb,
                                  void* finalize_hint,
                                  napi_value* result) {
   // The API contract here is that the cleanup function runs on the JS thread,
@@ -3197,7 +3205,8 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_dataview_info(napi_env env,
   return napi_clear_last_error(env);
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_version(napi_env env, uint32_t* result) {
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_version(node_api_nogc_env env,
+                                        uint32_t* result) {
   CHECK_ENV(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, result);
   *result = NODE_API_SUPPORTED_VERSION_MAX;
@@ -3314,14 +3323,16 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_run_script(napi_env env,
   return GET_RETURN_STATUS(env);
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_add_finalizer(napi_env env,
-                                          napi_value js_object,
-                                          void* finalize_data,
-                                          napi_finalize finalize_cb,
-                                          void* finalize_hint,
-                                          napi_ref* result) {
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL
+napi_add_finalizer(napi_env env,
+                   napi_value js_object,
+                   void* finalize_data,
+                   node_api_nogc_finalize nogc_finalize_cb,
+                   void* finalize_hint,
+                   napi_ref* result) {
   // Omit NAPI_PREAMBLE and GET_RETURN_STATUS because V8 calls here cannot throw
   // JS exceptions.
+  napi_finalize finalize_cb = reinterpret_cast<napi_finalize>(nogc_finalize_cb);
   CHECK_ENV_NOT_IN_GC(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, js_object);
   CHECK_ARG(env, finalize_cb);
@@ -3345,10 +3356,11 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_add_finalizer(napi_env env,
 
 #ifdef NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL node_api_post_finalizer(napi_env env,
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL node_api_post_finalizer(node_api_nogc_env nogc_env,
                                                napi_finalize finalize_cb,
                                                void* finalize_data,
                                                void* finalize_hint) {
+  napi_env env = const_cast<napi_env>(nogc_env);
   CHECK_ENV(env);
   env->EnqueueFinalizer(v8impl::TrackedFinalizer::New(
       env, finalize_cb, finalize_data, finalize_hint));
@@ -3357,7 +3369,7 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL node_api_post_finalizer(napi_env env,
 
 #endif
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_adjust_external_memory(napi_env env,
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_adjust_external_memory(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                                    int64_t change_in_bytes,
                                                    int64_t* adjusted_value) {
   CHECK_ENV(env);
@@ -3369,10 +3381,11 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_adjust_external_memory(napi_env env,
   return napi_clear_last_error(env);
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_set_instance_data(napi_env env,
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_set_instance_data(node_api_nogc_env nogc_env,
                                               void* data,
                                               napi_finalize finalize_cb,
                                               void* finalize_hint) {
+  napi_env env = const_cast<napi_env>(nogc_env);
   CHECK_ENV(env);
 
   v8impl::RefBase* old_data = static_cast<v8impl::RefBase*>(env->instance_data);
@@ -3388,7 +3401,8 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_set_instance_data(napi_env env,
   return napi_clear_last_error(env);
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_instance_data(napi_env env, void** data) {
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_instance_data(node_api_nogc_env env,
+                                              void** data) {
   CHECK_ENV(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, data);
 
diff --git a/src/js_native_api_v8.h b/src/js_native_api_v8.h
index bdb29490dd9c4e..1974c3f6873ef7 100644
--- a/src/js_native_api_v8.h
+++ b/src/js_native_api_v8.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "js_native_api_types.h"
 #include "js_native_api_v8_internals.h"
 
-inline napi_status napi_clear_last_error(napi_env env);
+inline napi_status napi_clear_last_error(node_api_nogc_env env);
 
 namespace v8impl {
 
@@ -172,7 +172,8 @@ struct napi_env__ {
   virtual ~napi_env__() = default;
 };
 
-inline napi_status napi_clear_last_error(napi_env env) {
+inline napi_status napi_clear_last_error(node_api_nogc_env nogc_env) {
+  napi_env env = const_cast<napi_env>(nogc_env);
   env->last_error.error_code = napi_ok;
   env->last_error.engine_error_code = 0;
   env->last_error.engine_reserved = nullptr;
@@ -180,10 +181,11 @@ inline napi_status napi_clear_last_error(napi_env env) {
   return napi_ok;
 }
 
-inline napi_status napi_set_last_error(napi_env env,
+inline napi_status napi_set_last_error(node_api_nogc_env nogc_env,
                                        napi_status error_code,
                                        uint32_t engine_error_code = 0,
                                        void* engine_reserved = nullptr) {
+  napi_env env = const_cast<napi_env>(nogc_env);
   env->last_error.error_code = error_code;
   env->last_error.engine_error_code = engine_error_code;
   env->last_error.engine_reserved = engine_reserved;
diff --git a/src/node_api.cc b/src/node_api.cc
index 1a6cdcb8b1de9a..80b1610a3cc679 100644
--- a/src/node_api.cc
+++ b/src/node_api.cc
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ void NAPI_CDECL napi_module_register(napi_module* mod) {
   node::node_module_register(nm);
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_add_env_cleanup_hook(napi_env env,
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_add_env_cleanup_hook(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                                  napi_cleanup_hook fun,
                                                  void* arg) {
   CHECK_ENV(env);
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_add_env_cleanup_hook(napi_env env,
   return napi_ok;
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_remove_env_cleanup_hook(napi_env env,
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_remove_env_cleanup_hook(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                                     napi_cleanup_hook fun,
                                                     void* arg) {
   CHECK_ENV(env);
@@ -823,10 +823,11 @@ struct napi_async_cleanup_hook_handle__ {
 };
 
 napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-napi_add_async_cleanup_hook(napi_env env,
+napi_add_async_cleanup_hook(node_api_nogc_env nogc_env,
                             napi_async_cleanup_hook hook,
                             void* arg,
                             napi_async_cleanup_hook_handle* remove_handle) {
+  napi_env env = const_cast<napi_env>(nogc_env);
   CHECK_ENV(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, hook);
 
@@ -1037,12 +1038,14 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_create_buffer(napi_env env,
   return GET_RETURN_STATUS(env);
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_create_external_buffer(napi_env env,
-                                                   size_t length,
-                                                   void* data,
-                                                   napi_finalize finalize_cb,
-                                                   void* finalize_hint,
-                                                   napi_value* result) {
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL
+napi_create_external_buffer(napi_env env,
+                            size_t length,
+                            void* data,
+                            node_api_nogc_finalize nogc_finalize_cb,
+                            void* finalize_hint,
+                            napi_value* result) {
+  napi_finalize finalize_cb = reinterpret_cast<napi_finalize>(nogc_finalize_cb);
   NAPI_PREAMBLE(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, result);
 
@@ -1126,7 +1129,7 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_buffer_info(napi_env env,
   return napi_clear_last_error(env);
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_node_version(napi_env env,
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_node_version(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                              const napi_node_version** result) {
   CHECK_ENV(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, result);
@@ -1270,14 +1273,16 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_delete_async_work(napi_env env,
   return napi_clear_last_error(env);
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_uv_event_loop(napi_env env, uv_loop_t** loop) {
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_get_uv_event_loop(node_api_nogc_env nogc_env,
+                                              uv_loop_t** loop) {
+  napi_env env = const_cast<napi_env>(nogc_env);
   CHECK_ENV(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, loop);
   *loop = reinterpret_cast<node_napi_env>(env)->node_env()->event_loop();
   return napi_clear_last_error(env);
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_queue_async_work(napi_env env,
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_queue_async_work(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                              napi_async_work work) {
   CHECK_ENV(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, work);
@@ -1292,7 +1297,7 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_queue_async_work(napi_env env,
   return napi_clear_last_error(env);
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_cancel_async_work(napi_env env,
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_cancel_async_work(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                               napi_async_work work) {
   CHECK_ENV(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, work);
@@ -1312,10 +1317,12 @@ napi_create_threadsafe_function(napi_env env,
                                 size_t max_queue_size,
                                 size_t initial_thread_count,
                                 void* thread_finalize_data,
-                                napi_finalize thread_finalize_cb,
+                                node_api_nogc_finalize nogc_thread_finalize_cb,
                                 void* context,
                                 napi_threadsafe_function_call_js call_js_cb,
                                 napi_threadsafe_function* result) {
+  napi_finalize thread_finalize_cb =
+      reinterpret_cast<napi_finalize>(nogc_thread_finalize_cb);
   CHECK_ENV_NOT_IN_GC(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, async_resource_name);
   RETURN_STATUS_IF_FALSE(env, initial_thread_count > 0, napi_invalid_arg);
@@ -1397,20 +1404,21 @@ napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_release_threadsafe_function(
   return reinterpret_cast<v8impl::ThreadSafeFunction*>(func)->Release(mode);
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-napi_unref_threadsafe_function(napi_env env, napi_threadsafe_function func) {
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_unref_threadsafe_function(
+    node_api_nogc_env env, napi_threadsafe_function func) {
   CHECK_NOT_NULL(func);
   return reinterpret_cast<v8impl::ThreadSafeFunction*>(func)->Unref();
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-napi_ref_threadsafe_function(napi_env env, napi_threadsafe_function func) {
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_ref_threadsafe_function(
+    node_api_nogc_env env, napi_threadsafe_function func) {
   CHECK_NOT_NULL(func);
   return reinterpret_cast<v8impl::ThreadSafeFunction*>(func)->Ref();
 }
 
-napi_status NAPI_CDECL node_api_get_module_file_name(napi_env env,
+napi_status NAPI_CDECL node_api_get_module_file_name(node_api_nogc_env nogc_env,
                                                      const char** result) {
+  napi_env env = const_cast<napi_env>(nogc_env);
   CHECK_ENV(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, result);
 
diff --git a/src/node_api.h b/src/node_api.h
index 49a23aed9c6e90..0074124dc6aa4f 100644
--- a/src/node_api.h
+++ b/src/node_api.h
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
 napi_create_external_buffer(napi_env env,
                             size_t length,
                             void* data,
-                            napi_finalize finalize_cb,
+                            node_api_nogc_finalize finalize_cb,
                             void* finalize_hint,
                             napi_value* result);
 #endif  // NODE_API_NO_EXTERNAL_BUFFERS_ALLOWED
@@ -159,20 +159,20 @@ napi_create_async_work(napi_env env,
                        napi_async_work* result);
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_delete_async_work(napi_env env,
                                                           napi_async_work work);
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_queue_async_work(napi_env env,
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_queue_async_work(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                                          napi_async_work work);
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_cancel_async_work(napi_env env,
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_cancel_async_work(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                                           napi_async_work work);
 
 // version management
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-napi_get_node_version(napi_env env, const napi_node_version** version);
+napi_get_node_version(node_api_nogc_env env, const napi_node_version** version);
 
 #if NAPI_VERSION >= 2
 
 // Return the current libuv event loop for a given environment
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-napi_get_uv_event_loop(napi_env env, struct uv_loop_s** loop);
+napi_get_uv_event_loop(node_api_nogc_env env, struct uv_loop_s** loop);
 
 #endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 2
 
@@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ napi_get_uv_event_loop(napi_env env, struct uv_loop_s** loop);
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_fatal_exception(napi_env env,
                                                         napi_value err);
 
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-napi_add_env_cleanup_hook(napi_env env, napi_cleanup_hook fun, void* arg);
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_add_env_cleanup_hook(
+    node_api_nogc_env env, napi_cleanup_hook fun, void* arg);
 
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-napi_remove_env_cleanup_hook(napi_env env, napi_cleanup_hook fun, void* arg);
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_remove_env_cleanup_hook(
+    node_api_nogc_env env, napi_cleanup_hook fun, void* arg);
 
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
 napi_open_callback_scope(napi_env env,
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ napi_create_threadsafe_function(napi_env env,
                                 size_t max_queue_size,
                                 size_t initial_thread_count,
                                 void* thread_finalize_data,
-                                napi_finalize thread_finalize_cb,
+                                node_api_nogc_finalize thread_finalize_cb,
                                 void* context,
                                 napi_threadsafe_function_call_js call_js_cb,
                                 napi_threadsafe_function* result);
@@ -228,18 +228,18 @@ napi_acquire_threadsafe_function(napi_threadsafe_function func);
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_release_threadsafe_function(
     napi_threadsafe_function func, napi_threadsafe_function_release_mode mode);
 
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-napi_unref_threadsafe_function(napi_env env, napi_threadsafe_function func);
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_unref_threadsafe_function(
+    node_api_nogc_env env, napi_threadsafe_function func);
 
-NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-napi_ref_threadsafe_function(napi_env env, napi_threadsafe_function func);
+NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL napi_ref_threadsafe_function(
+    node_api_nogc_env env, napi_threadsafe_function func);
 
 #endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 4
 
 #if NAPI_VERSION >= 8
 
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-napi_add_async_cleanup_hook(napi_env env,
+napi_add_async_cleanup_hook(node_api_nogc_env env,
                             napi_async_cleanup_hook hook,
                             void* arg,
                             napi_async_cleanup_hook_handle* remove_handle);
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ napi_remove_async_cleanup_hook(napi_async_cleanup_hook_handle remove_handle);
 #if NAPI_VERSION >= 9
 
 NAPI_EXTERN napi_status NAPI_CDECL
-node_api_get_module_file_name(napi_env env, const char** result);
+node_api_get_module_file_name(node_api_nogc_env env, const char** result);
 
 #endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 9
 
diff --git a/test/js-native-api/common.h b/test/js-native-api/common.h
index fc6f4cb6c2e1db..1308088e7872fb 100644
--- a/test/js-native-api/common.h
+++ b/test/js-native-api/common.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define JS_NATIVE_API_COMMON_H_
 
 #include <js_native_api.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>  // abort()
 
 // Empty value so that macros here are able to return NULL or void
 #define NODE_API_RETVAL_NOTHING  // Intentionally blank #define
@@ -22,6 +23,19 @@
     }                                                                    \
   } while (0)
 
+// The nogc version of GET_AND_THROW_LAST_ERROR. We cannot access any
+// exceptions and we cannot fail by way of JS exception, so we abort.
+#define FATALLY_FAIL_WITH_LAST_ERROR(env)                                      \
+  do {                                                                         \
+    const napi_extended_error_info* error_info;                                \
+    napi_get_last_error_info((env), &error_info);                              \
+    const char* err_message = error_info->error_message;                       \
+    const char* error_message =                                                \
+        err_message != NULL ? err_message : "empty error message";             \
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", error_message);                                    \
+    abort();                                                                   \
+  } while (0)
+
 #define NODE_API_ASSERT_BASE(env, assertion, message, ret_val)           \
   do {                                                                   \
     if (!(assertion)) {                                                  \
@@ -33,6 +47,15 @@
     }                                                                    \
   } while (0)
 
+#define NODE_API_NOGC_ASSERT_BASE(assertion, message, ret_val)                 \
+  do {                                                                         \
+    if (!(assertion)) {                                                        \
+      fprintf(stderr, "assertion (" #assertion ") failed: " message);          \
+      abort();                                                                 \
+      return ret_val;                                                          \
+    }                                                                          \
+  } while (0)
+
 // Returns NULL on failed assertion.
 // This is meant to be used inside napi_callback methods.
 #define NODE_API_ASSERT(env, assertion, message)                         \
@@ -43,6 +66,9 @@
 #define NODE_API_ASSERT_RETURN_VOID(env, assertion, message)             \
   NODE_API_ASSERT_BASE(env, assertion, message, NODE_API_RETVAL_NOTHING)
 
+#define NODE_API_NOGC_ASSERT_RETURN_VOID(assertion, message)                   \
+  NODE_API_NOGC_ASSERT_BASE(assertion, message, NODE_API_RETVAL_NOTHING)
+
 #define NODE_API_CALL_BASE(env, the_call, ret_val)                       \
   do {                                                                   \
     if ((the_call) != napi_ok) {                                         \
@@ -51,6 +77,14 @@
     }                                                                    \
   } while (0)
 
+#define NODE_API_NOGC_CALL_BASE(env, the_call, ret_val)                        \
+  do {                                                                         \
+    if ((the_call) != napi_ok) {                                               \
+      FATALLY_FAIL_WITH_LAST_ERROR((env));                                     \
+      return ret_val;                                                          \
+    }                                                                          \
+  } while (0)
+
 // Returns NULL if the_call doesn't return napi_ok.
 #define NODE_API_CALL(env, the_call)                                     \
   NODE_API_CALL_BASE(env, the_call, NULL)
@@ -59,6 +93,9 @@
 #define NODE_API_CALL_RETURN_VOID(env, the_call)                         \
   NODE_API_CALL_BASE(env, the_call, NODE_API_RETVAL_NOTHING)
 
+#define NODE_API_NOGC_CALL_RETURN_VOID(env, the_call)                          \
+  NODE_API_NOGC_CALL_BASE(env, the_call, NODE_API_RETVAL_NOTHING)
+
 #define NODE_API_CHECK_STATUS(the_call)                                   \
   do {                                                                         \
     napi_status status = (the_call);                                           \
diff --git a/test/js-native-api/test_cannot_run_js/test_cannot_run_js.c b/test/js-native-api/test_cannot_run_js/test_cannot_run_js.c
index 2cd25823c924c0..c495f8780d0141 100644
--- a/test/js-native-api/test_cannot_run_js/test_cannot_run_js.c
+++ b/test/js-native-api/test_cannot_run_js/test_cannot_run_js.c
@@ -20,6 +20,15 @@ static void Finalize(napi_env env, void* data, void* hint) {
   free(ref);
 }
 
+static void NogcFinalize(node_api_nogc_env env, void* data, void* hint) {
+#ifdef NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL
+  NODE_API_NOGC_CALL_RETURN_VOID(
+      env, node_api_post_finalizer(env, Finalize, data, hint));
+#else
+  Finalize(env, data, hint);
+#endif
+}
+
 static napi_value CreateRef(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
   size_t argc = 1;
   napi_value cb;
@@ -30,7 +39,7 @@ static napi_value CreateRef(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
   NODE_API_CALL(env, napi_typeof(env, cb, &value_type));
   NODE_API_ASSERT(
       env, value_type == napi_function, "argument must be function");
-  NODE_API_CALL(env, napi_add_finalizer(env, cb, ref, Finalize, NULL, ref));
+  NODE_API_CALL(env, napi_add_finalizer(env, cb, ref, NogcFinalize, NULL, ref));
   return cb;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/js-native-api/test_finalizer/test_finalizer.c b/test/js-native-api/test_finalizer/test_finalizer.c
index 378781b7042f96..b9b046484a5288 100644
--- a/test/js-native-api/test_finalizer/test_finalizer.c
+++ b/test/js-native-api/test_finalizer/test_finalizer.c
@@ -11,17 +11,17 @@ typedef struct {
   napi_ref js_func;
 } FinalizerData;
 
-static void finalizerOnlyCallback(napi_env env,
+static void finalizerOnlyCallback(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                   void* finalize_data,
                                   void* finalize_hint) {
   FinalizerData* data = (FinalizerData*)finalize_data;
   int32_t count = ++data->finalize_count;
 
   // It is safe to access instance data
-  NODE_API_CALL_RETURN_VOID(env, napi_get_instance_data(env, (void**)&data));
-  NODE_API_ASSERT_RETURN_VOID(env,
-                              count = data->finalize_count,
-                              "Expected to be the same FinalizerData");
+  NODE_API_NOGC_CALL_RETURN_VOID(env,
+                                 napi_get_instance_data(env, (void**)&data));
+  NODE_API_NOGC_ASSERT_RETURN_VOID(count = data->finalize_count,
+                                   "Expected to be the same FinalizerData");
 }
 
 static void finalizerCallingJSCallback(napi_env env,
@@ -40,18 +40,20 @@ static void finalizerCallingJSCallback(napi_env env,
 }
 
 // Schedule async finalizer to run JavaScript-touching code.
-static void finalizerWithJSCallback(napi_env env,
+static void finalizerWithJSCallback(node_api_nogc_env env,
                                     void* finalize_data,
                                     void* finalize_hint) {
-  NODE_API_CALL_RETURN_VOID(
+  NODE_API_NOGC_CALL_RETURN_VOID(
       env,
       node_api_post_finalizer(
           env, finalizerCallingJSCallback, finalize_data, finalize_hint));
 }
 
-static void finalizerWithFailedJSCallback(napi_env env,
+static void finalizerWithFailedJSCallback(node_api_nogc_env nogc_env,
                                           void* finalize_data,
                                           void* finalize_hint) {
+  // Intentionally cast to a napi_env to test the fatal failure.
+  napi_env env = (napi_env)nogc_env;
   napi_value obj;
   FinalizerData* data = (FinalizerData*)finalize_data;
   ++data->finalize_count;
diff --git a/test/js-native-api/test_string/test_string.c b/test/js-native-api/test_string/test_string.c
index b2046e3b873392..e18aa04ad1c5e2 100644
--- a/test/js-native-api/test_string/test_string.c
+++ b/test/js-native-api/test_string/test_string.c
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ static napi_value TestTwoByteImpl(napi_env env,
   return output;
 }
 
-static void free_string(napi_env env, void* data, void* hint) {
+static void free_string(node_api_nogc_env env, void* data, void* hint) {
   free(data);
 }
 
diff --git a/test/node-api/test_reference_by_node_api_version/test_reference_by_node_api_version.c b/test/node-api/test_reference_by_node_api_version/test_reference_by_node_api_version.c
index ae4fa7cb0e8856..f9110303d2ded4 100644
--- a/test/node-api/test_reference_by_node_api_version/test_reference_by_node_api_version.c
+++ b/test/node-api/test_reference_by_node_api_version/test_reference_by_node_api_version.c
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
 
 static uint32_t finalizeCount = 0;
 
-static void FreeData(napi_env env, void* data, void* hint) {
-  NODE_API_ASSERT_RETURN_VOID(env, data != NULL, "Expects non-NULL data.");
+static void FreeData(node_api_nogc_env env, void* data, void* hint) {
+  NODE_API_NOGC_ASSERT_RETURN_VOID(data != NULL, "Expects non-NULL data.");
   free(data);
 }
 
-static void Finalize(napi_env env, void* data, void* hint) {
+static void Finalize(node_api_nogc_env env, void* data, void* hint) {
   ++finalizeCount;
 }
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ static napi_value ToUInt32Value(napi_env env, uint32_t value) {
 static napi_status InitRefArray(napi_env env) {
   // valueRefs array has one entry per napi_valuetype
   napi_ref* valueRefs = malloc(sizeof(napi_ref) * ((int)napi_bigint + 1));
-  return napi_set_instance_data(env, valueRefs, &FreeData, NULL);
+  return napi_set_instance_data(env, valueRefs, (napi_finalize)&FreeData, NULL);
 }
 
 static napi_value CreateExternal(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
diff --git a/test/node-api/test_threadsafe_function/test_uncaught_exception.c b/test/node-api/test_threadsafe_function/test_uncaught_exception.c
index f8499d4fe4d680..c5eb4271dd490e 100644
--- a/test/node-api/test_threadsafe_function/test_uncaught_exception.c
+++ b/test/node-api/test_threadsafe_function/test_uncaught_exception.c
@@ -16,6 +16,18 @@ static void ThreadSafeFunctionFinalize(napi_env env,
   NODE_API_CALL_RETURN_VOID(env, napi_delete_reference(env, js_func_ref));
 }
 
+static void ThreadSafeFunctionNogcFinalize(node_api_nogc_env env,
+                                           void* data,
+                                           void* hint) {
+#ifdef NAPI_EXPERIMENTAL
+  NODE_API_NOGC_CALL_RETURN_VOID(
+      env,
+      node_api_post_finalizer(env, ThreadSafeFunctionFinalize, data, hint));
+#else
+  ThreadSafeFunctionFinalize(env, data, hint);
+#endif
+}
+
 // Testing calling into JavaScript
 static napi_value CallIntoModule(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
   size_t argc = 4;
@@ -34,7 +46,7 @@ static napi_value CallIntoModule(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
                                                 0,
                                                 1,
                                                 finalize_func,
-                                                ThreadSafeFunctionFinalize,
+                                                ThreadSafeFunctionNogcFinalize,
                                                 NULL,
                                                 NULL,
                                                 &tsfn));
diff --git a/tools/build-addons.mjs b/tools/build-addons.mjs
index a96c18435ddc03..dc30c549fa5fbf 100755
--- a/tools/build-addons.mjs
+++ b/tools/build-addons.mjs
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ const jobs = [];
 for await (const dirent of await fs.opendir(directory)) {
   if (dirent.isDirectory()) {
     jobs.push(() => buildAddon(path.join(directory, dirent.name)));
+  } else if (dirent.isFile() && dirent.name === 'binding.gyp') {
+    jobs.push(() => buildAddon(directory));
   }
 }
 await parallel(jobs, parallelization);