diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/resolve.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/resolve.js
index 09c0265c8be2a2..61c043e35c6ce9 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/resolve.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/resolve.js
@@ -227,9 +227,15 @@ const encodedSepRegEx = /%2F|%5C/i;
  */
 function finalizeResolution(resolved, base, preserveSymlinks) {
   if (RegExpPrototypeExec(encodedSepRegEx, resolved.pathname) !== null) {
+    let basePath;
+    try {
+      basePath = fileURLToPath(base);
+    } catch {
+      basePath = base;
+    }
     throw new ERR_INVALID_MODULE_SPECIFIER(
       resolved.pathname, 'must not include encoded "/" or "\\" characters',
-      fileURLToPath(base));
+      basePath);
   }
 
   let path;
@@ -248,14 +254,26 @@ function finalizeResolution(resolved, base, preserveSymlinks) {
 
   // Check for stats.isDirectory()
   if (stats === 1) {
-    throw new ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DIR_IMPORT(path, fileURLToPath(base), String(resolved));
+    let basePath;
+    try {
+      basePath = fileURLToPath(base);
+    } catch {
+      basePath = base;
+    }
+    throw new ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DIR_IMPORT(path, basePath, String(resolved));
   } else if (stats !== 0) {
     // Check for !stats.isFile()
     if (process.env.WATCH_REPORT_DEPENDENCIES && process.send) {
       process.send({ 'watch:require': [path || resolved.pathname] });
     }
+    let basePath;
+    try {
+      basePath = fileURLToPath(base);
+    } catch {
+      basePath = base;
+    }
     throw new ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND(
-      path || resolved.pathname, base && fileURLToPath(base), resolved);
+      path || resolved.pathname, basePath, resolved);
   }
 
   if (!preserveSymlinks) {
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-main-lookup.mjs b/test/es-module/test-esm-main-lookup.mjs
index 4f4f1c378914d7..30042514f26e0e 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-main-lookup.mjs
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-main-lookup.mjs
@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@ await assert.rejects(import('../fixtures/es-modules/pjson-main'), {
   code: 'ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DIR_IMPORT',
   url: fixtures.fileURL('es-modules/pjson-main').href,
 });
+await assert.rejects(import(`data:text/javascript,import${encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(fixtures.fileURL('es-modules/pjson-main')))}`), {
+  code: 'ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DIR_IMPORT',
+  url: fixtures.fileURL('es-modules/pjson-main').href,
+});
+await assert.rejects(import(`data:text/javascript,import${encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(fixtures.fileURL('es-modules/does-not-exist')))}`), {
+  code: 'ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND',
+  url: fixtures.fileURL('es-modules/does-not-exist').href,
+});
 
 assert.deepStrictEqual(
   { ...await import('../fixtures/es-modules/pjson-main/main.mjs') },