diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md
index b22301a1f1d556..57943ce969e20b 100644
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
Report security bugs in Node.js via [HackerOne](https://hackerone.com/nodejs).
-Your report will be acknowledged within 5 days, and you’ll receive a more
+Your report will be acknowledged within 5 days, and you'll receive a more
detailed response to your report within 10 days indicating the next steps in
handling your submission.
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Here is the security disclosure policy for Node.js
* This process can take some time, especially when coordination is required
with maintainers of other projects. Every effort will be made to handle the
- bug in as timely a manner as possible; however, it’s important that we follow
+ bug in as timely a manner as possible; however, it's important that we follow
the release process above to ensure that the disclosure is handled in a
consistent manner.
diff --git a/doc/api/buffer.md b/doc/api/buffer.md
index 65eb58c04099df..04715aa2f9d798 100644
--- a/doc/api/buffer.md
+++ b/doc/api/buffer.md
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ console.log(uint16array);
```
It is possible to create a new `Buffer` that shares the same allocated
-memory as a [`TypedArray`][] instance by using the `TypedArray` object’s
+memory as a [`TypedArray`][] instance by using the `TypedArray` object's
`.buffer` property in the same way. [`Buffer.from()`][`Buffer.from(arrayBuf)`]
behaves like `new Uint8Array()` in this context.
diff --git a/doc/api/console.md b/doc/api/console.md
index 685fe370a04028..3c81a5784e2fbc 100644
--- a/doc/api/console.md
+++ b/doc/api/console.md
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ added: v10.0.0
Try to construct a table with the columns of the properties of `tabularData`
(or use `properties`) and rows of `tabularData` and log it. Falls back to just
-logging the argument if it can’t be parsed as tabular.
+logging the argument if it can't be parsed as tabular.
```js
// These can't be parsed as tabular data
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ changes:
description: The elapsed time is displayed with a suitable time unit.
- version: v6.0.0
pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/5901
- description: This method no longer supports multiple calls that don’t map
+ description: This method no longer supports multiple calls that don't map
to individual `console.time()` calls; see below for details.
-->
diff --git a/doc/api/deprecations.md b/doc/api/deprecations.md
index d8d69789e201c7..4525ffea3a1a1a 100644
--- a/doc/api/deprecations.md
+++ b/doc/api/deprecations.md
@@ -2574,7 +2574,7 @@ changes:
Type: Runtime
Passing a callback to [`worker.terminate()`][] is deprecated. Use the returned
-`Promise` instead, or a listener to the worker’s `'exit'` event.
+`Promise` instead, or a listener to the worker's `'exit'` event.
### DEP0133: `http` `connection`
diff --git a/doc/api/esm.md b/doc/api/esm.md
index 0499d90caaa2f2..1ba536bc3fb843 100644
--- a/doc/api/esm.md
+++ b/doc/api/esm.md
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ algorithm][]. All other specifier resolutions are always only resolved with
the standard relative [URL][] resolution semantics.
Like in CommonJS, module files within packages can be accessed by appending a
-path to the package name unless the package’s [`package.json`][] contains an
+path to the package name unless the package's [`package.json`][] contains an
[`"exports"`][] field, in which case files within packages can only be accessed
via the paths defined in [`"exports"`][].
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ export function globalPreload({ port }) {
### Examples
The various loader hooks can be used together to accomplish wide-ranging
-customizations of Node.js’ code loading and evaluation behaviors.
+customizations of the Node.js code loading and evaluation behaviors.
#### HTTPS loader
@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ prints the current version of CoffeeScript per the module at the URL in
#### Transpiler loader
-Sources that are in formats Node.js doesn’t understand can be converted into
+Sources that are in formats Node.js doesn't understand can be converted into
JavaScript using the [`load` hook][load hook]. Before that hook gets called,
however, a [`resolve` hook][resolve hook] needs to tell Node.js not to
throw an error on unknown file types.
diff --git a/doc/api/events.md b/doc/api/events.md
index c989e53e5c63c5..00f32bbca2912c 100644
--- a/doc/api/events.md
+++ b/doc/api/events.md
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ stack trace for such warnings.
The emitted warning can be inspected with [`process.on('warning')`][] and will
have the additional `emitter`, `type`, and `count` properties, referring to
-the event emitter instance, the event’s name and the number of attached
+the event emitter instance, the event's name and the number of attached
listeners, respectively.
Its `name` property is set to `'MaxListenersExceededWarning'`.
@@ -1624,7 +1624,7 @@ added: v14.5.0
-->
* `event` {Event}
-* Returns: {boolean} `true` if either event’s `cancelable` attribute value is
+* Returns: {boolean} `true` if either event's `cancelable` attribute value is
false or its `preventDefault()` method was not invoked, otherwise `false`.
Dispatches the `event` to the list of handlers for `event.type`.
diff --git a/doc/api/fs.md b/doc/api/fs.md
index c55d532c925119..745d95ee4f0b0e 100644
--- a/doc/api/fs.md
+++ b/doc/api/fs.md
@@ -2387,7 +2387,7 @@ The "not recommended" examples above check for existence and then use the
file; the "recommended" examples are better because they use the file directly
and handle the error, if any.
-In general, check for the existence of a file only if the file won’t be
+In general, check for the existence of a file only if the file won't be
used directly, for example when its existence is a signal from another
process.
@@ -3695,7 +3695,7 @@ If the `target` does not exist, `'file'` will be used. Windows junction points
require the destination path to be absolute. When using `'junction'`, the
`target` argument will automatically be normalized to absolute path.
-Relative targets are relative to the link’s parent directory.
+Relative targets are relative to the link's parent directory.
```mjs
import { symlink } from 'node:fs';
diff --git a/doc/api/packages.md b/doc/api/packages.md
index 178546c42f52e9..ec388fa17d25fe 100644
--- a/doc/api/packages.md
+++ b/doc/api/packages.md
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ in your project's `package.json`.
## Package entry points
-In a package’s `package.json` file, two fields can define entry points for a
+In a package's `package.json` file, two fields can define entry points for a
package: [`"main"`][] and [`"exports"`][]. The [`"main"`][] field is supported
in all versions of Node.js, but its capabilities are limited: it only defines
the main entry point of the package.
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ likely be a breaking change.**
To make the introduction of [`"exports"`][] non-breaking, ensure that every
previously supported entry point is exported. It is best to explicitly specify
-entry points so that the package’s public API is well-defined. For example,
+entry points so that the package's public API is well-defined. For example,
a project that previous exported `main`, `lib`,
`feature`, and the `package.json` could use the following `package.exports`:
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ path `import feature from 'my-mod/feature/index.js`.
### Main entry point export
To set the main entry point for a package, it is advisable to define both
-[`"exports"`][] and [`"main"`][] in the package’s [`package.json`][] file:
+[`"exports"`][] and [`"main"`][] in the package's [`package.json`][] file:
```json
{
@@ -745,8 +745,8 @@ changes:
description: Unflag self-referencing a package using its name.
-->
-Within a package, the values defined in the package’s
-`package.json` [`"exports"`][] field can be referenced via the package’s name.
+Within a package, the values defined in the package's
+`package.json` [`"exports"`][] field can be referenced via the package's name.
For example, assuming the `package.json` is:
```json
@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ This approach is appropriate for any of the following use cases:
install both this package and those other packages. For example a `utilities`
package is used directly in an application, and a `utilities-plus` package
adds a few more functions to `utilities`. Because the wrapper exports
- underlying CommonJS files, it doesn’t matter if `utilities-plus` is written in
+ underlying CommonJS files, it doesn't matter if `utilities-plus` is written in
CommonJS or ES module syntax; it will work either way.
* The package stores internal state, and the package author would prefer not to
refactor the package to isolate its state management. See the next section.
@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ be to add an export, e.g. `"./module"`, to point to an all-ES module-syntax
version of the package. This could be used via `import 'pkg/module'` by users
who are certain that the CommonJS version will not be loaded anywhere in the
application, such as by dependencies; or if the CommonJS version can be loaded
-but doesn’t affect the ES module version (for example, because the package is
+but doesn't affect the ES module version (for example, because the package is
stateless):
```json
@@ -994,22 +994,22 @@ points directly:
This can be done if both the CommonJS and ES module versions of the package are
equivalent, for example because one is the transpiled output of the other; and
-the package’s management of state is carefully isolated (or the package is
+the package's management of state is carefully isolated (or the package is
stateless).
The reason that state is an issue is because both the CommonJS and ES module
versions of the package might get used within an application; for example, the
-user’s application code could `import` the ES module version while a dependency
+user's application code could `import` the ES module version while a dependency
`require`s the CommonJS version. If that were to occur, two copies of the
package would be loaded in memory and therefore two separate states would be
present. This would likely cause hard-to-troubleshoot bugs.
-Aside from writing a stateless package (if JavaScript’s `Math` were a package,
+Aside from writing a stateless package (if JavaScript's `Math` were a package,
for example, it would be stateless as all of its methods are static), there are
-some ways to isolate state so that it’s shared between the potentially loaded
+some ways to isolate state so that it's shared between the potentially loaded
CommonJS and ES module instances of the package:
-1. If possible, contain all state within an instantiated object. JavaScript’s
+1. If possible, contain all state within an instantiated object. JavaScript's
`Date`, for example, needs to be instantiated to contain state; if it were a
package, it would be used like this:
@@ -1019,7 +1019,7 @@ CommonJS and ES module instances of the package:
// someDate contains state; Date does not
```
- The `new` keyword isn’t required; a package’s function can return a new
+ The `new` keyword isn't required; a package's function can return a new
object, or modify a passed-in object, to keep the state external to the
package.
@@ -1046,7 +1046,7 @@ CommonJS and ES module instances of the package:
each reference of `pkg` will contain the same state; and modifying that
state from either module system will apply to both.
-Any plugins that attach to the package’s singleton would need to separately
+Any plugins that attach to the package's singleton would need to separately
attach to both the CommonJS and ES module singletons.
This approach is appropriate for any of the following use cases:
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ changes:
}
```
-The `"name"` field defines your package’s name. Publishing to the
+The `"name"` field defines your package's name. Publishing to the
_npm_ registry requires a name that satisfies
[certain requirements](https://docs.npmjs.com/files/package.json#name).
@@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ Files ending with `.js` are loaded as ES modules when the nearest parent
`"module"`.
The nearest parent `package.json` is defined as the first `package.json` found
-when searching in the current folder, that folder’s parent, and so on up
+when searching in the current folder, that folder's parent, and so on up
until a node\_modules folder or the volume root is reached.
```json
diff --git a/doc/api/process.md b/doc/api/process.md
index 9f86fd5465e77f..0cfd52b6bf7366 100644
--- a/doc/api/process.md
+++ b/doc/api/process.md
@@ -1523,7 +1523,7 @@ added: v0.1.27
changes:
- version: v11.14.0
pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/26544
- description: Worker threads will now use a copy of the parent thread’s
+ description: Worker threads will now use a copy of the parent thread's
`process.env` by default, configurable through the `env`
option of the `Worker` constructor.
- version: v10.0.0
@@ -1646,7 +1646,7 @@ console.log(env.test);
Unless explicitly specified when creating a [`Worker`][] instance,
each [`Worker`][] thread has its own copy of `process.env`, based on its
-parent thread’s `process.env`, or whatever was specified as the `env` option
+parent thread's `process.env`, or whatever was specified as the `env` option
to the [`Worker`][] constructor. Changes to `process.env` will not be visible
across [`Worker`][] threads, and only the main thread can make changes that
are visible to the operating system or to native add-ons.
diff --git a/doc/api/synopsis.md b/doc/api/synopsis.md
index 3a4a6f35e1e97f..78d17ad685bd26 100644
--- a/doc/api/synopsis.md
+++ b/doc/api/synopsis.md
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Commands in this document start with `$` or `>` to replicate how they would
appear in a user's terminal. Do not include the `$` and `>` characters. They are
there to show the start of each command.
-Lines that don’t start with `$` or `>` character show the output of the previous
+Lines that don't start with `$` or `>` character show the output of the previous
command.
First, make sure to have downloaded and installed Node.js. See
diff --git a/doc/api/url.md b/doc/api/url.md
index 0830a84c1f42b6..e4018dc6ba82f9 100644
--- a/doc/api/url.md
+++ b/doc/api/url.md
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ added: v16.7.0
`URL.createObjectURL()`.
Removes the stored {Blob} identified by the given ID. Attempting to revoke a
-ID that isn’t registered will silently fail.
+ID that isn't registered will silently fail.
### Class: `URLSearchParams`
diff --git a/doc/api/v8.md b/doc/api/v8.md
index 7e935f65ed438b..80d86e400f3dd6 100644
--- a/doc/api/v8.md
+++ b/doc/api/v8.md
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ For use inside of a custom [`serializer._writeHostObject()`][].
* `buffer` {Buffer|TypedArray|DataView}
-Write raw bytes into the serializer’s internal buffer. The deserializer
+Write raw bytes into the serializer's internal buffer. The deserializer
will require a way to compute the length of the buffer.
For use inside of a custom [`serializer._writeHostObject()`][].
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ For use inside of a custom [`deserializer._readHostObject()`][].
* `length` {integer}
* Returns: {Buffer}
-Read raw bytes from the deserializer’s internal buffer. The `length` parameter
+Read raw bytes from the deserializer's internal buffer. The `length` parameter
must correspond to the length of the buffer that was passed to
[`serializer.writeRawBytes()`][].
For use inside of a custom [`deserializer._readHostObject()`][].
diff --git a/doc/api/worker_threads.md b/doc/api/worker_threads.md
index 0fa741c6ed5325..42e221a31f5f9e 100644
--- a/doc/api/worker_threads.md
+++ b/doc/api/worker_threads.md
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ changes:
Receive a single message from a given `MessagePort`. If no message is available,
`undefined` is returned, otherwise an object with a single `message` property
that contains the message payload, corresponding to the oldest message in the
-`MessagePort`’s queue.
+`MessagePort`'s queue.
```js
const { MessageChannel, receiveMessageOnPort } = require('node:worker_threads');
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ added: v10.5.0
-->
An arbitrary JavaScript value that contains a clone of the data passed
-to this thread’s `Worker` constructor.
+to this thread's `Worker` constructor.
The data is cloned as if using [`postMessage()`][`port.postMessage()`],
according to the [HTML structured clone algorithm][].
@@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ changes:
description: The `resourceLimits` option was introduced.
-->
-* `filename` {string|URL} The path to the Worker’s main script or module. Must
+* `filename` {string|URL} The path to the Worker's main script or module. Must
be either an absolute path or a relative path (i.e. relative to the
current working directory) starting with `./` or `../`, or a WHATWG `URL`
object using `file:` or `data:` protocol.
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ changes:
* `env` {Object} If set, specifies the initial value of `process.env` inside
the Worker thread. As a special value, [`worker.SHARE_ENV`][] may be used
to specify that the parent thread and the child thread should share their
- environment variables; in that case, changes to one thread’s `process.env`
+ environment variables; in that case, changes to one thread's `process.env`
object affect the other thread as well. **Default:** `process.env`.
* `eval` {boolean} If `true` and the first argument is a `string`, interpret
the first argument to the constructor as a script that is executed once the
diff --git a/doc/api/zlib.md b/doc/api/zlib.md
index ee54973e5d366a..83a767a07e0253 100644
--- a/doc/api/zlib.md
+++ b/doc/api/zlib.md
@@ -304,8 +304,8 @@ speed, at the cost of memory usage.
There are equivalents to the zlib options for Brotli-based streams, although
these options have different ranges than the zlib ones:
-* zlib’s `level` option matches Brotli’s `BROTLI_PARAM_QUALITY` option.
-* zlib’s `windowBits` option matches Brotli’s `BROTLI_PARAM_LGWIN` option.
+* zlib's `level` option matches Brotli's `BROTLI_PARAM_QUALITY` option.
+* zlib's `windowBits` option matches Brotli's `BROTLI_PARAM_LGWIN` option.
See [below][Brotli parameters] for more details on Brotli-specific options.
diff --git a/doc/contributing/cpp-style-guide.md b/doc/contributing/cpp-style-guide.md
index 64d0efee911e9d..ea2a66d34e89b7 100644
--- a/doc/contributing/cpp-style-guide.md
+++ b/doc/contributing/cpp-style-guide.md
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ tools.
## Formatting
-Unfortunately, the C++ linter (based on [Google’s `cpplint`][]), which can be
+Unfortunately, the C++ linter (based on [Google's `cpplint`][]), which can be
run explicitly via `make lint-cpp`, does not currently catch a lot of rules that
are specific to the Node.js C++ code base. This document explains the most
common of these rules:
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ void FunctionWithAVeryLongName(int parameter_with_a_very_long_name,
...);
```
-If that doesn’t work, break after the `(` and use 4 spaces of indentation:
+If that doesn't work, break after the `(` and use 4 spaces of indentation:
```cpp
void FunctionWithAReallyReallyReallyLongNameSeriouslyStopIt(
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ even `try` and `catch` **will** break.
[ES.48]: https://isocpp.github.io/CppCoreGuidelines/CppCoreGuidelines#Res-casts
[ES.49]: https://isocpp.github.io/CppCoreGuidelines/CppCoreGuidelines#Res-casts-named
[Google C++ Style Guide]: https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html
-[Google’s `cpplint`]: https://github.com/google/styleguide
+[Google's `cpplint`]: https://github.com/google/styleguide
[R.20]: https://isocpp.github.io/CppCoreGuidelines/CppCoreGuidelines#Rr-owner
[R.21]: https://isocpp.github.io/CppCoreGuidelines/CppCoreGuidelines#Rr-unique
[Run Time Type Information]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run-time_type_information
diff --git a/doc/contributing/maintaining-icu.md b/doc/contributing/maintaining-icu.md
index 73801f60ffefc5..f33cde56763305 100644
--- a/doc/contributing/maintaining-icu.md
+++ b/doc/contributing/maintaining-icu.md
@@ -193,9 +193,9 @@ Floating patches are applied at `configure` time. The "patch" files
are used instead of the original source files. The patch files are
complete `.cpp` files replacing the original contents.
-Patches are tied to a specific ICU version. They won’t apply to a
+Patches are tied to a specific ICU version. They won't apply to a
future ICU version. We assume that you filed a bug against [ICU][] and
-upstreamed the fix, so the patch won’t be needed in a later ICU
+upstreamed the fix, so the patch won't be needed in a later ICU
version.
### Example
diff --git a/onboarding.md b/onboarding.md
index 8fd51809bcaaaa..b60102f1ba84be 100644
--- a/onboarding.md
+++ b/onboarding.md
@@ -144,12 +144,12 @@ The project has a venue for real-time discussion:
* Approving a change
* Collaborators indicate that they have reviewed and approve of the changes in
- a pull request using GitHub’s approval interface
+ a pull request using GitHub's approval interface
* Some people like to comment `LGTM` (“Looks Good To Me”)
- * You have the authority to approve any other collaborator’s work.
+ * You have the authority to approve any other collaborator's work.
* You cannot approve your own pull requests.
* When explicitly using `Changes requested`, show empathy – comments will
- usually be addressed even if you don’t use it.
+ usually be addressed even if you don't use it.
* If you do, it is nice if you are available later to check whether your
comments have been addressed
* If you see that the requested changes have been made, you can clear
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ The project has a venue for real-time discussion:
comments to block the pull request from landing.
* What belongs in Node.js:
- * Opinions vary – it’s good to have a broad collaborator base for that reason!
+ * Opinions vary – it's good to have a broad collaborator base for that reason!
* If Node.js itself needs it (due to historical reasons), then it belongs in
Node.js.
* That is to say, `url` is there because of `http`, `freelist` is there
diff --git a/src/README.md b/src/README.md
index 623c3774971b6e..40e3e0f3f1a764 100644
--- a/src/README.md
+++ b/src/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# Node.js C++ codebase
-Hi! 👋 You’ve found the C++ code backing Node.js. This README aims to help you
+Hi! 👋 You've found the C++ code backing Node.js. This README aims to help you
get started working on it and document some idioms you may encounter while
doing so.
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ accessed online in the following locations:
* On GitHub: [`v8.h` in Node.js master][]
* On GitHub: [`v8.h` in V8 master][]
-* On the Chromium project’s Code Search application: [`v8.h` in Code Search][]
+* On the Chromium project's Code Search application: [`v8.h` in Code Search][]
V8 also provides an [introduction for V8 embedders][],
which can be useful for understanding some of the concepts it uses in its
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ There is a [reference documentation for the libuv API][].
The Node.js C++ files follow this structure:
-The `.h` header files contain declarations, and sometimes definitions that don’t
+The `.h` header files contain declarations, and sometimes definitions that don't
require including other headers (e.g. getters, setters, etc.). They should only
include other `.h` header files and nothing else.
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ Often, the `Context` is passed around for [exception handling][].
Typical ways of accessing the current `Context` in the Node.js code are:
* Given an [`Isolate`][], using `isolate->GetCurrentContext()`.
-* Given an [`Environment`][], using `env->context()` to get the `Environment`’s
+* Given an [`Environment`][], using `env->context()` to get the `Environment`'s
main context.
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ The current event loop can be accessed using `env->event_loop()` given an
[`Environment`][] instance. The restriction of using a single event loop
is not inherent to the design of Node.js, and a sufficiently committed person
could restructure Node.js to provide e.g. the ability to run parts of Node.js
-inside an event loop separate from the active thread’s event loop.
+inside an event loop separate from the active thread's event loop.
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ The platform can be accessed through `isolate_data->platform()` given an
* The current Node.js instance was not started by an embedder; or
* The current Node.js instance was started by an embedder whose `v8::Platform`
- implementation also implement’s the `node::MultiIsolatePlatform` interface
+ implementation also implement's the `node::MultiIsolatePlatform` interface
and who passed this to Node.js.
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ void Initialize(Local