diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 42476cea2a4..1807a7d4527 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "acir"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5d756bcab90b3a4a84dc53245890cf9bb8fcde31a1394931f5abca551b48eb20"
+checksum = "104242ac56c936464e3ac9618e1f635151e83334d8d4138f9a39490ca11acaa9"
 dependencies = [
- "acir_field 0.4.1",
+ "acir_field 0.5.0",
  "flate2",
  "rmp-serde",
  "serde",
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "687506e635efa7ce15d6b93ceae14dec1519ed2e54c24298fc8c40e86edbce24"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-bls12-381",
- "ark-bn254",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-bn254 0.3.0",
+ "ark-ff 0.3.0",
  "blake2",
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "hex",
@@ -45,12 +45,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "acir_field"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "deb7e1e30625a9125a0e700c6c6fd7442ffbcb1d235933100b791ba3786ef49e"
+checksum = "ebd6cc7ebc948cde55bf10a8c4f3e1479e03f34e00ee8ab83e86891b693dd503"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-bn254",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-bn254 0.4.0",
+ "ark-ff 0.4.1",
+ "ark-serialize 0.4.1",
  "blake2",
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "hex",
@@ -80,14 +81,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "acvm"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6c4fae94e7f3fe0d21bec4796de00bbf0cd8f781271b5203dea54897aa5387b9"
+checksum = "6145438d6c89c208cae93e49b925b0e2ac1963048a8ee4e002ca0f0de87d789e"
 dependencies = [
- "acir 0.4.1",
- "acvm_stdlib 0.4.1",
+ "acir 0.5.0",
+ "acvm_stdlib 0.5.0",
  "blake2",
- "hex",
  "indexmap",
  "k256",
  "num-bigint",
@@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "acvm_stdlib"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eaf6617b72c2cd4e965d425bc768bb77a803e485a7e37cbc09cccc5967becd7a"
+checksum = "aaabcf52a534df7ed591451cf5ac2a765416fee4e38e0c523cc29da8c244aa7c"
 dependencies = [
- "acir 0.4.1",
+ "acir 0.5.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -141,6 +141,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "version_check",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ahash"
+version = "0.8.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2c99f64d1e06488f620f932677e24bc6e2897582980441ae90a671415bd7ec2f"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "once_cell",
+ "version_check",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "aho-corasick"
 version = "0.7.20"
@@ -172,9 +183,9 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "65be532f9dd1e98ad0150b037276cde464c6f371059e6dd02c0222395761f6aa"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ec 0.3.0",
+ "ark-ff 0.3.0",
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -183,9 +194,20 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ea691771ebbb28aea556c044e2e5c5227398d840cee0c34d4d20fa8eb2689e8c"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ec 0.3.0",
+ "ark-ff 0.3.0",
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-bn254"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a22f4561524cd949590d78d7d4c5df8f592430d221f7f3c9497bbafd8972120f"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-ec 0.4.1",
+ "ark-ff 0.4.1",
+ "ark-std 0.4.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -194,10 +216,27 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "dea978406c4b1ca13c2db2373b05cc55429c3575b8b21f1b9ee859aa5b03dd42"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ff 0.3.0",
+ "ark-serialize 0.3.0",
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
+ "derivative",
+ "num-traits",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ec"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3c60370a92f8e1a5f053cad73a862e1b99bc642333cd676fa11c0c39f80f4ac2"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-ff 0.4.1",
+ "ark-poly 0.4.1",
+ "ark-serialize 0.4.1",
+ "ark-std 0.4.0",
  "derivative",
+ "hashbrown 0.13.2",
+ "itertools",
  "num-traits",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -208,10 +247,10 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6b3235cc41ee7a12aaaf2c575a2ad7b46713a8a50bda2fc3b003a04845c05dd6"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff-asm",
- "ark-ff-macros",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ff-asm 0.3.0",
+ "ark-ff-macros 0.3.0",
+ "ark-serialize 0.3.0",
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
  "derivative",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
@@ -220,6 +259,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4c2d42532524bee1da5a4f6f733eb4907301baa480829557adcff5dfaeee1d9a"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-ff-asm 0.4.1",
+ "ark-ff-macros 0.4.1",
+ "ark-serialize 0.4.1",
+ "ark-std 0.4.0",
+ "derivative",
+ "digest 0.10.6",
+ "itertools",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "paste",
+ "rustc_version 0.4.0",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff-asm"
 version = "0.3.0"
@@ -230,6 +289,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-asm"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9d6873aaba7959593d89babed381d33e2329453368f1bf3c67e07686a1c1056f"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff-macros"
 version = "0.3.0"
@@ -242,20 +311,33 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-macros"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f3c2e7d0f2d67cc7fc925355c74d36e7eda19073639be4a0a233d4611b8c959d"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-marlin"
 version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "caa8510faa8e64f0a6841ee4b58efe2d56f7a80d86fa0ce9891bbb3aa20166d9"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff",
- "ark-poly",
+ "ark-ff 0.3.0",
+ "ark-poly 0.3.0",
  "ark-poly-commit",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-serialize 0.3.0",
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
  "derivative",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.9.0",
  "rand_chacha",
 ]
 
@@ -265,26 +347,39 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7b0f78f47537c2f15706db7e98fe64cc1711dbf9def81218194e17239e53e5aa"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ff 0.3.0",
+ "ark-serialize 0.3.0",
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
  "derivative",
  "hashbrown 0.11.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-poly"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8f6ec811462cabe265cfe1b102fcfe3df79d7d2929c2425673648ee9abfd0272"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-ff 0.4.1",
+ "ark-serialize 0.4.1",
+ "ark-std 0.4.0",
+ "derivative",
+ "hashbrown 0.13.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-poly-commit"
 version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a71ddfa72bad1446cab7bbecb6018dbbdc9abcbc3a0065483ae5186ad2a64dcd"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
- "ark-poly",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ec 0.3.0",
+ "ark-ff 0.3.0",
+ "ark-poly 0.3.0",
+ "ark-serialize 0.3.0",
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
  "derivative",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.9.0",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
@@ -294,8 +389,8 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4cba4c1c99792a6834bd97f7fd76578ec2cd58d2afc5139a17e1d1bec65b38f6"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ff 0.3.0",
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
@@ -305,9 +400,21 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1d6c2b318ee6e10f8c2853e73a83adc0ccb88995aa978d8a3408d492ab2ee671"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-serialize-derive",
- "ark-std",
- "digest",
+ "ark-serialize-derive 0.3.0",
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
+ "digest 0.9.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-serialize"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e7e735959bc173ea4baf13327b19c22d452b8e9e8e8f7b7fc34e6bf0e316c33e"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-serialize-derive 0.4.1",
+ "ark-std 0.4.0",
+ "digest 0.10.6",
+ "num-bigint",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -321,6 +428,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-serialize-derive"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fd34f0920d995d2c932f38861c416f70de89a6de9875876b012557079603e6cc"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-std"
 version = "0.3.0"
@@ -331,6 +449,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand 0.8.5",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-std"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "94893f1e0c6eeab764ade8dc4c0db24caf4fe7cbbaafc0eba0a9030f447b5185"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "arkworks_backend"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -338,14 +466,14 @@ source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/arkworks_backend?rev=2f3f0db182004d5c
 dependencies = [
  "acvm 0.3.1",
  "ark-bls12-381",
- "ark-bn254",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-bn254 0.3.0",
+ "ark-ff 0.3.0",
  "ark-marlin",
- "ark-poly",
+ "ark-poly 0.3.0",
  "ark-poly-commit",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-serialize 0.3.0",
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
  "blake2",
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
 ]
@@ -385,7 +513,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "barretenberg_static_lib"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend?rev=cff757dca7971161e4bd25e7a744d910c37c22be#cff757dca7971161e4bd25e7a744d910c37c22be"
+source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend?rev=74b4d8d8b118e4477880c04149e5e9d93d388384#74b4d8d8b118e4477880c04149e5e9d93d388384"
 dependencies = [
  "barretenberg_wrapper",
  "blake2",
@@ -405,7 +533,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "barretenberg_wasm"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend?rev=cff757dca7971161e4bd25e7a744d910c37c22be#cff757dca7971161e4bd25e7a744d910c37c22be"
+source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend?rev=74b4d8d8b118e4477880c04149e5e9d93d388384#74b4d8d8b118e4477880c04149e5e9d93d388384"
 dependencies = [
  "blake2",
  "common",
@@ -479,7 +607,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0a4e37d16930f5459780f5621038b6382b9bb37c19016f39fb6b5808d831f174"
 dependencies = [
  "crypto-mac 0.8.0",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.9.0",
  "opaque-debug",
 ]
 
@@ -733,9 +861,9 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "common"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend?rev=cff757dca7971161e4bd25e7a744d910c37c22be#cff757dca7971161e4bd25e7a744d910c37c22be"
+source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend?rev=74b4d8d8b118e4477880c04149e5e9d93d388384#74b4d8d8b118e4477880c04149e5e9d93d388384"
 dependencies = [
- "acvm 0.4.1",
+ "acvm 0.5.0",
  "blake2",
  "dirs 3.0.2",
  "downloader",
@@ -932,6 +1060,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "crypto-common"
+version = "0.1.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1bfb12502f3fc46cca1bb51ac28df9d618d813cdc3d2f25b9fe775a34af26bb3"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+ "typenum",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-mac"
 version = "0.8.0"
@@ -1059,6 +1197,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "generic-array",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "digest"
+version = "0.10.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8168378f4e5023e7218c89c891c0fd8ecdb5e5e4f18cb78f38cf245dd021e76f"
+dependencies = [
+ "crypto-common",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "dirs"
 version = "3.0.2"
@@ -1125,7 +1272,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f2db227e61a43a34915680bdda462ec0e212095518020a88a1f91acd16092c39"
 dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.9.0",
  "ff",
  "funty",
  "generic-array",
@@ -1521,7 +1668,7 @@ version = "0.11.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ab5ef0d4909ef3724cc8cce6ccc8572c5c817592e9285f5464f8e86f8bd3726e"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash",
+ "ahash 0.7.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1530,7 +1677,16 @@ version = "0.12.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8a9ee70c43aaf417c914396645a0fa852624801b24ebb7ae78fe8272889ac888"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash",
+ "ahash 0.7.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.13.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "43a3c133739dddd0d2990f9a4bdf8eb4b21ef50e4851ca85ab661199821d510e"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash 0.8.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1576,7 +1732,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c1441c6b1e930e2817404b5046f1f989899143a12bf92de603b69f4e0aee1e15"
 dependencies = [
  "crypto-mac 0.10.1",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.9.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1766,6 +1922,15 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "iter-extended"
 version = "0.2.0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "itertools"
+version = "0.10.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b0fd2260e829bddf4cb6ea802289de2f86d6a7a690192fbe91b3f46e0f2c8473"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
 version = "1.0.5"
@@ -1976,7 +2141,7 @@ checksum = "7843ec2de400bcbc6a6328c958dc38e5359da6e93e72e37bc5246bf1ae776389"
 name = "nargo"
 version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
- "acvm 0.4.1",
+ "acvm 0.5.0",
  "barretenberg_static_lib",
  "barretenberg_wasm",
  "build-data",
@@ -2005,7 +2170,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "noir_wasm"
 version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
- "acvm 0.4.1",
+ "acvm 0.5.0",
  "build-data",
  "console_error_panic_hook",
  "getrandom",
@@ -2021,7 +2186,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "noirc_abi"
 version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
- "acvm 0.4.1",
+ "acvm 0.5.0",
  "iter-extended",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -2033,7 +2198,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "noirc_driver"
 version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
- "acvm 0.4.1",
+ "acvm 0.5.0",
  "dirs 4.0.0",
  "fm",
  "noirc_abi",
@@ -2057,7 +2222,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "noirc_evaluator"
 version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
- "acvm 0.4.1",
+ "acvm 0.5.0",
  "arena",
  "fm",
  "iter-extended",
@@ -2074,7 +2239,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "noirc_frontend"
 version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
- "acvm 0.4.1",
+ "acvm 0.5.0",
  "arena",
  "chumsky",
  "fm",
@@ -2878,7 +3043,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "block-buffer",
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "cpufeatures",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.9.0",
  "opaque-debug",
 ]
 
@@ -2903,7 +3068,7 @@ version = "1.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "29f060a7d147e33490ec10da418795238fd7545bba241504d6b31a409f2e6210"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.9.0",
  "rand_core 0.5.1",
 ]
 
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 6141d5e3c0a..dc61f50eb4d 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.66"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-acvm = "0.4.1"
+acvm = "0.5.0"
 arena = { path = "crates/arena" }
 fm = { path = "crates/fm" }
 iter-extended = { path = "crates/iter-extended" }
diff --git a/crates/nargo/Cargo.toml b/crates/nargo/Cargo.toml
index ac5af0de804..069508d01c4 100644
--- a/crates/nargo/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/nargo/Cargo.toml
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ termcolor = "1.1.2"
 tempdir = "0.3.7"
 
 # Backends
-aztec_backend = { optional = true, package = "barretenberg_static_lib", git = "https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend", rev = "cff757dca7971161e4bd25e7a744d910c37c22be" }
-aztec_wasm_backend = { optional = true, package = "barretenberg_wasm", git = "https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend", rev = "cff757dca7971161e4bd25e7a744d910c37c22be" }
+aztec_backend = { optional = true, package = "barretenberg_static_lib", git = "https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend", rev = "74b4d8d8b118e4477880c04149e5e9d93d388384" }
+aztec_wasm_backend = { optional = true, package = "barretenberg_wasm", git = "https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend", rev = "74b4d8d8b118e4477880c04149e5e9d93d388384" }
 marlin_arkworks_backend = { optional = true, git = "https://github.com/noir-lang/marlin_arkworks_backend", rev = "144378edad821bfaa52bf2cacca8ecc87514a4fc" }
 color-eyre = "0.6.2"
 
diff --git a/crates/nargo/src/cli/compile_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo/src/cli/compile_cmd.rs
index 70b9d22f73b..ada806842c0 100644
--- a/crates/nargo/src/cli/compile_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo/src/cli/compile_cmd.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ fn compile_and_preprocess_circuit<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     let compiled_program = compile_circuit(program_dir, false, allow_warnings)?;
     let circuit_path = save_acir_to_dir(&compiled_program.circuit, circuit_name, &circuit_dir);
 
-    preprocess_with_path(circuit_name, circuit_dir, compiled_program.circuit)?;
+    preprocess_with_path(circuit_name, circuit_dir, &compiled_program.circuit)?;
 
     Ok(circuit_path)
 }
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ pub fn compile_circuit<P: AsRef<Path>>(
 fn preprocess_with_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     key_name: &str,
     preprocess_dir: P,
-    circuit: Circuit,
+    circuit: &Circuit,
 ) -> Result<(PathBuf, PathBuf), CliError> {
     let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
 
diff --git a/crates/nargo/src/cli/contract_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo/src/cli/contract_cmd.rs
index 1aa2711d679..175e69543b2 100644
--- a/crates/nargo/src/cli/contract_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo/src/cli/contract_cmd.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ pub(crate) fn run(args: ContractCommand, config: NargoConfig) -> Result<(), CliE
     let compiled_program = compile_circuit(config.program_dir.clone(), false, args.allow_warnings)?;
 
     let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
+    #[allow(deprecated)]
     let smart_contract_string = backend.eth_contract_from_cs(compiled_program.circuit);
 
     let mut contract_dir = config.program_dir;
diff --git a/crates/nargo/src/cli/gates_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo/src/cli/gates_cmd.rs
index bae5dd22953..875a28f84e3 100644
--- a/crates/nargo/src/cli/gates_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo/src/cli/gates_cmd.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub fn count_gates_with_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
         num_opcodes
     );
 
-    let exact_circuit_size = backend.get_exact_circuit_size(compiled_program.circuit);
+    let exact_circuit_size = backend.get_exact_circuit_size(&compiled_program.circuit);
     println!("Backend circuit size: {exact_circuit_size}");
 
     Ok(())
diff --git a/crates/nargo/src/cli/prove_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo/src/cli/prove_cmd.rs
index e71185fa732..3a3ef39dad1 100644
--- a/crates/nargo/src/cli/prove_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo/src/cli/prove_cmd.rs
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ pub fn prove_with_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
         }
         None => {
             let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
-            backend.preprocess(compiled_program.circuit.clone())
+            backend.preprocess(&compiled_program.circuit)
         }
     };
 
@@ -108,17 +108,16 @@ pub fn prove_with_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     )?;
 
     let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
-    let proof =
-        backend.prove_with_pk(compiled_program.circuit.clone(), solved_witness, proving_key);
+    let proof = backend.prove_with_pk(&compiled_program.circuit, solved_witness, &proving_key);
 
     if check_proof {
         let no_proof_name = "".into();
         verify_proof(
-            compiled_program,
+            &compiled_program,
             public_inputs,
             return_value,
             &proof,
-            verification_key,
+            &verification_key,
             no_proof_name,
         )?;
     }
diff --git a/crates/nargo/src/cli/verify_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo/src/cli/verify_cmd.rs
index 8f5a1cc5789..ab1f8468b2c 100644
--- a/crates/nargo/src/cli/verify_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo/src/cli/verify_cmd.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::{
     constants::{PROOFS_DIR, PROOF_EXT, TARGET_DIR, VERIFIER_INPUT_FILE},
     errors::CliError,
 };
-use acvm::{FieldElement, ProofSystemCompiler};
+use acvm::ProofSystemCompiler;
 use clap::Args;
 use noirc_abi::input_parser::{Format, InputValue};
 use noirc_driver::CompiledProgram;
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ fn verify_with_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
         }
         None => {
             let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
-            backend.preprocess(compiled_program.circuit.clone())
+            backend.preprocess(&compiled_program.circuit)
         }
     };
 
@@ -64,35 +64,29 @@ fn verify_with_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
         read_inputs_from_file(program_dir, VERIFIER_INPUT_FILE, Format::Toml, &public_abi)?;
 
     verify_proof(
-        compiled_program,
+        &compiled_program,
         public_inputs_map,
         return_value,
         &load_hex_data(&proof_path)?,
-        verification_key,
+        &verification_key,
         proof_path,
     )
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn verify_proof(
-    compiled_program: CompiledProgram,
+    compiled_program: &CompiledProgram,
     public_inputs_map: InputMap,
     return_value: Option<InputValue>,
     proof: &[u8],
-    verification_key: Vec<u8>,
+    verification_key: &[u8],
     proof_name: PathBuf,
 ) -> Result<(), CliError> {
-    let public_abi = compiled_program.abi.public_abi();
+    let public_abi = compiled_program.abi.clone().public_abi();
     let public_inputs = public_abi.encode(&public_inputs_map, return_value)?;
 
-    let public_inputs_vec: Vec<FieldElement> = public_inputs.values().copied().collect();
-
     let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
-    let valid_proof = backend.verify_with_vk(
-        proof,
-        public_inputs_vec,
-        compiled_program.circuit,
-        verification_key,
-    );
+    let valid_proof =
+        backend.verify_with_vk(proof, public_inputs, &compiled_program.circuit, verification_key);
 
     if valid_proof {
         Ok(())
diff --git a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/lib.rs b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/lib.rs
index a6e47afbd2f..fb0ad69331b 100644
--- a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/lib.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ mod ssa;
 use acvm::{
     acir::circuit::{opcodes::Opcode as AcirOpcode, Circuit, PublicInputs},
     acir::native_types::{Expression, Witness},
-    compiler::fallback::IsBlackBoxSupported,
+    compiler::transformers::IsBlackBoxSupported,
     Language,
 };
 use errors::{RuntimeError, RuntimeErrorKind};
diff --git a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/constraints.rs b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/constraints.rs
index 645be675f40..47ffc1fd3c8 100644
--- a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/constraints.rs
+++ b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/constraints.rs
@@ -407,6 +407,7 @@ pub(crate) fn to_radix_base(
         a: lhs.clone(),
         b: result.clone(),
         radix,
+        is_little_endian: true,
     }));
 
     evaluator.opcodes.push(AcirOpcode::Arithmetic(subtract(lhs, FieldElement::one(), &bytes)));
diff --git a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/builtin.rs b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/builtin.rs
index 248cfe1e7a2..da1c51568dc 100644
--- a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/builtin.rs
+++ b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/builtin.rs
@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ impl Opcode {
                     BlackBoxFunc::AES => {
                         todo!("ICE: AES is unimplemented")
                     }
+                    BlackBoxFunc::Keccak256 => {
+                        todo!("ICE: Keccak256 is unimplemented")
+                    }
                     BlackBoxFunc::RANGE | BlackBoxFunc::AND | BlackBoxFunc::XOR => {
                         unimplemented!("ICE: these opcodes do not have Noir builtin functions")
                     }
@@ -86,6 +89,9 @@ impl Opcode {
             Opcode::LowLevel(op) => {
                 match op {
                     BlackBoxFunc::AES => todo!("ICE: AES is unimplemented"),
+                    BlackBoxFunc::Keccak256 => {
+                        todo!("ICE: Keccak256 is unimplemented")
+                    }
                     BlackBoxFunc::SHA256 | BlackBoxFunc::Blake2s => (32, ObjectType::Unsigned(8)),
                     BlackBoxFunc::HashToField128Security => (1, ObjectType::NativeField),
                     // See issue #775 on changing this to return a boolean
diff --git a/cspell.json b/cspell.json
index 5126d7a0bdf..43bf6916bbb 100644
--- a/cspell.json
+++ b/cspell.json
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
         // In code
         //
         "aeiou",
+        "arraysort",
         "arithmetization",
         "arity",
         "barretenberg",
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@
         "injective",
         "interner",
         "intrinsics",
+        "keccak",
         "krate",
         "lvalue",
         "merkle",