diff --git a/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/src/errors.rs b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/src/errors.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..14ee2d5fd8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/src/errors.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+use js_sys::{Error, JsString};
+use noirc_abi::errors::{AbiError, InputParserError};
+use wasm_bindgen::prelude::wasm_bindgen;
+
+#[wasm_bindgen(typescript_custom_section)]
+const ABI_ERROR: &'static str = r#"
+export type ABIError = Error;
+"#;
+
+/// JsAbiError is a raw js error.
+/// It'd be ideal that ABI error was a subclass of Error, but for that we'd need to use JS snippets or a js module.
+/// Currently JS snippets don't work with a nodejs target. And a module would be too much for just a custom error type.
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+extern "C" {
+    #[wasm_bindgen(extends = Error, js_name = "AbiError", typescript_type = "AbiError")]
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    pub type JsAbiError;
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(constructor, js_class = "Error")]
+    fn constructor(message: JsString) -> JsAbiError;
+}
+
+impl JsAbiError {
+    /// Creates a new execution error with the given call stack.
+    /// Call stacks won't be optional in the future, after removing ErrorLocation in ACVM.
+    pub fn new(message: String) -> Self {
+        JsAbiError::constructor(JsString::from(message))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<String> for JsAbiError {
+    fn from(value: String) -> Self {
+        JsAbiError::new(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<AbiError> for JsAbiError {
+    fn from(value: AbiError) -> Self {
+        JsAbiError::new(value.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<InputParserError> for JsAbiError {
+    fn from(value: InputParserError) -> Self {
+        JsAbiError::new(value.to_string())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/src/lib.rs b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/src/lib.rs
index 91ed724a101..2b1fc672fc4 100644
--- a/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use gloo_utils::format::JsValueSerdeExt;
 use wasm_bindgen::{prelude::wasm_bindgen, JsValue};
 
+mod errors;
 mod js_witness_map;
 mod temp;
 
+use errors::JsAbiError;
 use js_witness_map::JsWitnessMap;
 use temp::{input_value_from_json_type, JsonTypes};
 
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ pub fn abi_encode(
     abi: JsValue,
     inputs: JsValue,
     return_value: JsValue,
-) -> Result<JsWitnessMap, JsValue> {
+) -> Result<JsWitnessMap, JsAbiError> {
     console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
     let abi: Abi = JsValueSerdeExt::into_serde(&abi).map_err(|err| err.to_string())?;
     let inputs: BTreeMap<String, JsonTypes> =
@@ -36,14 +38,11 @@ pub fn abi_encode(
     } else {
         let toml_return_value =
             JsValueSerdeExt::into_serde(&return_value).expect("could not decode return value");
-        Some(
-            input_value_from_json_type(
-                toml_return_value,
-                abi.return_type.as_ref().unwrap(),
-                MAIN_RETURN_NAME,
-            )
-            .map_err(|err| err.to_string())?,
-        )
+        Some(input_value_from_json_type(
+            toml_return_value,
+            abi.return_type.as_ref().unwrap(),
+            MAIN_RETURN_NAME,
+        )?)
     };
 
     let abi_map = abi.to_btree_map();
@@ -55,32 +54,30 @@ pub fn abi_encode(
                 .ok_or_else(|| InputParserError::MissingArgument(arg_name.clone()))?;
             input_value_from_json_type(value.clone(), &abi_type, &arg_name)
                 .map(|input_value| (arg_name, input_value))
-        })
-        .map_err(|err| err.to_string())?;
+        })?;
 
-    let witness_map = abi.encode(&parsed_inputs, return_value).map_err(|err| err.to_string())?;
+    let witness_map = abi.encode(&parsed_inputs, return_value)?;
 
     Ok(witness_map.into())
 }
 
 #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = abiDecode)]
-pub fn abi_decode(abi: JsValue, witness_map: JsWitnessMap) -> Result<JsValue, JsValue> {
+pub fn abi_decode(abi: JsValue, witness_map: JsWitnessMap) -> Result<JsValue, JsAbiError> {
     console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
     let abi: Abi = JsValueSerdeExt::into_serde(&abi).map_err(|err| err.to_string())?;
 
     let witness_map = WitnessMap::from(witness_map);
 
-    let (inputs, return_value) = abi.decode(&witness_map).map_err(|err| err.to_string())?;
+    let (inputs, return_value) = abi.decode(&witness_map)?;
 
     let abi_types = abi.to_btree_map();
     let inputs_map: BTreeMap<String, JsonTypes> = try_btree_map(inputs, |(key, value)| {
         JsonTypes::try_from_input_value(&value, &abi_types[&key]).map(|value| (key, value))
-    })
-    .map_err(|err| err.to_string())?;
-    let return_value = return_value.map(|value| {
-        JsonTypes::try_from_input_value(&value, &abi.return_type.unwrap())
-            .expect("could not decode return value")
-    });
+    })?;
+
+    let return_value = return_value
+        .map(|value| JsonTypes::try_from_input_value(&value, &abi.return_type.unwrap()))
+        .transpose()?;
 
     #[derive(Serialize)]
     struct InputsAndReturn {
diff --git a/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/browser/errors.test.ts b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/browser/errors.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6cfb3d6b192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/browser/errors.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import { expect } from "@esm-bundle/chai";
+import initNoirAbi, { abiEncode } from "@noir-lang/noirc_abi";
+
+beforeEach(async () => {
+  await initNoirAbi();
+});
+
+it("errors when an integer input overflows", async () => {
+  const { abi, inputs } = await import("../shared/uint_overflow");
+
+  expect(() => abiEncode(abi, inputs, null)).to.throw(
+    "The parameter foo is expected to be a Integer { sign: Unsigned, width: 32 } but found incompatible value Field(2³⁸)",
+  );
+});
+
+it("errors when passing a field in place of an array", async () => {
+  const { abi, inputs } = await import("../shared/field_as_array");
+
+  expect(() => abiEncode(abi, inputs, null)).to.throw(
+    "cannot parse value into Array { length: 2, typ: Field }",
+  );
+});
+
+it("errors when passing an array in place of a field", async () => {
+  const { abi, inputs } = await import("../shared/array_as_field");
+
+  expect(() => abiEncode(abi, inputs, null)).to.throw(
+    "cannot parse value into Field",
+  );
+});
diff --git a/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/node/errors.test.ts b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/node/errors.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a1bda73763f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/node/errors.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { expect } from "chai";
+import { abiEncode } from "@noir-lang/noirc_abi";
+
+it("errors when an integer input overflows", async () => {
+  const { abi, inputs } = await import("../shared/uint_overflow");
+
+  expect(() => abiEncode(abi, inputs, null)).to.throw(
+    "The parameter foo is expected to be a Integer { sign: Unsigned, width: 32 } but found incompatible value Field(2³⁸)",
+  );
+});
+
+it("errors when passing a field in place of an array", async () => {
+  const { abi, inputs } = await import("../shared/field_as_array");
+
+  expect(() => abiEncode(abi, inputs, null)).to.throw(
+    "cannot parse value into Array { length: 2, typ: Field }",
+  );
+});
+
+it("errors when passing an array in place of a field", async () => {
+  const { abi, inputs } = await import("../shared/array_as_field");
+
+  expect(() => abiEncode(abi, inputs, null)).to.throw(
+    "cannot parse value into Field",
+  );
+});
diff --git a/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/shared/array_as_field.ts b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/shared/array_as_field.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ff62ec75259
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/shared/array_as_field.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+export const abi = {
+  parameters: [
+    {
+      name: "foo",
+      type: { kind: "field" },
+      visibility: "private",
+    },
+  ],
+  param_witnesses: { foo: [1, 2] },
+  return_type: null,
+  return_witnesses: [],
+};
+
+export const inputs = {
+  foo: ["1", "2"],
+};
diff --git a/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/shared/field_as_array.ts b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/shared/field_as_array.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c669154962a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/shared/field_as_array.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+export const abi = {
+  parameters: [
+    {
+      name: "foo",
+      type: { kind: "array", length: 2, type: { kind: "field" } },
+      visibility: "private",
+    },
+  ],
+  param_witnesses: { foo: [1, 2] },
+  return_type: null,
+  return_witnesses: [],
+};
+
+export const inputs = {
+  foo: "1",
+};
diff --git a/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/shared/uint_overflow.ts b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/shared/uint_overflow.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..97bfe79e926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tooling/noirc_abi_wasm/test/shared/uint_overflow.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+export const abi = {
+  parameters: [
+    {
+      name: "foo",
+      type: { kind: "integer", sign: "unsigned", width: 32 },
+      visibility: "private",
+    },
+  ],
+  param_witnesses: { foo: [1] },
+  return_type: null,
+  return_witnesses: [],
+};
+
+export const inputs = {
+  foo: `0x${(1n << 38n).toString(16)}`,
+};