diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 0d02189f508..d78ddcdd65e 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ BUILD_BIN_PATH := $(ROOT_PATH)/bin
 
 build: pd-server pd-ctl pd-recover
 
-tools: pd-tso-bench pd-heartbeat-bench regions-dump stores-dump pd-api-bench
+tools: pd-tso-bench pd-heartbeat-bench regions-dump stores-dump pd-api-bench pd-ut
 
 PD_SERVER_DEP :=
 ifeq ($(SWAGGER), 1)
@@ -108,7 +108,6 @@ pd-server-basic:
 .PHONY: pre-build build tools pd-server pd-server-basic
 
 # Tools
-
 pd-ctl:
 	cd tools && GOEXPERIMENT=$(BUILD_GOEXPERIMENT) CGO_ENABLED=$(BUILD_TOOL_CGO_ENABLED) go build -gcflags '$(GCFLAGS)' -ldflags '$(LDFLAGS)' -o $(BUILD_BIN_PATH)/pd-ctl pd-ctl/main.go
 pd-tso-bench:
@@ -127,8 +126,12 @@ regions-dump:
 	cd tools && CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -gcflags '$(GCFLAGS)' -ldflags '$(LDFLAGS)' -o $(BUILD_BIN_PATH)/regions-dump regions-dump/main.go
 stores-dump:
 	cd tools && CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -gcflags '$(GCFLAGS)' -ldflags '$(LDFLAGS)' -o $(BUILD_BIN_PATH)/stores-dump stores-dump/main.go
+pd-ut: pd-xprog
+	cd tools && GOEXPERIMENT=$(BUILD_GOEXPERIMENT) CGO_ENABLED=$(BUILD_TOOL_CGO_ENABLED) go build -gcflags '$(GCFLAGS)' -ldflags '$(LDFLAGS)' -o $(BUILD_BIN_PATH)/pd-ut pd-ut/ut.go
+pd-xprog:
+	cd tools && GOEXPERIMENT=$(BUILD_GOEXPERIMENT) CGO_ENABLED=$(BUILD_TOOL_CGO_ENABLED) go build -tags xprog -gcflags '$(GCFLAGS)' -ldflags '$(LDFLAGS)' -o $(BUILD_BIN_PATH)/xprog pd-ut/xprog.go
 
-.PHONY: pd-ctl pd-tso-bench pd-recover pd-analysis pd-heartbeat-bench simulator regions-dump stores-dump pd-api-bench
+.PHONY: pd-ctl pd-tso-bench pd-recover pd-analysis pd-heartbeat-bench simulator regions-dump stores-dump pd-api-bench pd-ut
 
 #### Docker image ####
 
@@ -225,6 +228,12 @@ failpoint-disable: install-tools
 
 #### Test ####
 
+ut: pd-ut
+	@$(FAILPOINT_ENABLE)
+	./bin/pd-ut run --race
+	@$(CLEAN_UT_BINARY)
+	@$(FAILPOINT_DISABLE)
+
 PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES := $(subst $(PD_PKG)/,,$(PACKAGES))
 TEST_PKGS := $(filter $(shell find . -iname "*_test.go" -exec dirname {} \; | \
                      sort -u | sed -e "s/^\./github.com\/tikv\/pd/"),$(PACKAGES))
@@ -303,6 +312,8 @@ split:
 
 clean: failpoint-disable clean-test clean-build
 
+CLEAN_UT_BINARY := find . -name '*.test.bin'| xargs rm -f
+
 clean-test:
 	# Cleaning test tmp...
 	rm -rf /tmp/test_pd*
@@ -310,6 +321,7 @@ clean-test:
 	rm -rf /tmp/test_etcd*
 	rm -f $(REAL_CLUSTER_TEST_PATH)/playground.log
 	go clean -testcache
+	@$(CLEAN_UT_BINARY)
 
 clean-build:
 	# Cleaning building files...
diff --git a/client/client.go b/client/client.go
index b9535aa504e..82d43181e7a 100644
--- a/client/client.go
+++ b/client/client.go
@@ -69,16 +69,10 @@ type GlobalConfigItem struct {
 	PayLoad   []byte
 }
 
-// Client is a PD (Placement Driver) RPC client.
-// It should not be used after calling Close().
-type Client interface {
-	// GetClusterID gets the cluster ID from PD.
-	GetClusterID(ctx context.Context) uint64
+// RPCClient is a PD (Placement Driver) RPC and related mcs client which can only call RPC.
+type RPCClient interface {
 	// GetAllMembers gets the members Info from PD
 	GetAllMembers(ctx context.Context) ([]*pdpb.Member, error)
-	// GetLeaderURL returns current leader's URL. It returns "" before
-	// syncing leader from server.
-	GetLeaderURL() string
 	// GetRegion gets a region and its leader Peer from PD by key.
 	// The region may expire after split. Caller is responsible for caching and
 	// taking care of region change.
@@ -133,17 +127,12 @@ type Client interface {
 	StoreGlobalConfig(ctx context.Context, configPath string, items []GlobalConfigItem) error
 	// WatchGlobalConfig returns a stream with all global config and updates
 	WatchGlobalConfig(ctx context.Context, configPath string, revision int64) (chan []GlobalConfigItem, error)
-	// UpdateOption updates the client option.
-	UpdateOption(option DynamicOption, value any) error
 
 	// GetExternalTimestamp returns external timestamp
 	GetExternalTimestamp(ctx context.Context) (uint64, error)
 	// SetExternalTimestamp sets external timestamp
 	SetExternalTimestamp(ctx context.Context, timestamp uint64) error
 
-	// GetServiceDiscovery returns ServiceDiscovery
-	GetServiceDiscovery() ServiceDiscovery
-
 	// TSOClient is the TSO client.
 	TSOClient
 	// MetaStorageClient is the meta storage client.
@@ -154,6 +143,24 @@ type Client interface {
 	GCClient
 	// ResourceManagerClient manages resource group metadata and token assignment.
 	ResourceManagerClient
+}
+
+// Client is a PD (Placement Driver) RPC client.
+// It should not be used after calling Close().
+type Client interface {
+	RPCClient
+
+	// GetClusterID gets the cluster ID from PD.
+	GetClusterID(ctx context.Context) uint64
+	// GetLeaderURL returns current leader's URL. It returns "" before
+	// syncing leader from server.
+	GetLeaderURL() string
+	// GetServiceDiscovery returns ServiceDiscovery
+	GetServiceDiscovery() ServiceDiscovery
+
+	// UpdateOption updates the client option.
+	UpdateOption(option DynamicOption, value any) error
+
 	// Close closes the client.
 	Close()
 }
diff --git a/client/resource_group/controller/util_test.go b/client/resource_group/controller/util_test.go
index a89ea08b955..10fa7c345a5 100644
--- a/client/resource_group/controller/util_test.go
+++ b/client/resource_group/controller/util_test.go
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ type example struct {
 }
 
 func TestDurationJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	example := &example{}
 
@@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ func TestDurationJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDurationTOML(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	example := &example{}
 
diff --git a/pkg/audit/audit_test.go b/pkg/audit/audit_test.go
index 8098b36975e..9066d81ebe3 100644
--- a/pkg/audit/audit_test.go
+++ b/pkg/audit/audit_test.go
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestLabelMatcher(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	matcher := &LabelMatcher{"testSuccess"}
 	labels1 := &BackendLabels{Labels: []string{"testFail", "testSuccess"}}
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@ func TestLabelMatcher(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPrometheusHistogramBackend(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	serviceAuditHistogramTest := prometheus.NewHistogramVec(
 		prometheus.HistogramOpts{
@@ -90,7 +88,6 @@ func TestPrometheusHistogramBackend(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLocalLogBackendUsingFile(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	backend := NewLocalLogBackend(true)
 	fname := testutil.InitTempFileLogger("info")
diff --git a/pkg/autoscaling/calculation_test.go b/pkg/autoscaling/calculation_test.go
index 05a348af59d..5d0c2ba1126 100644
--- a/pkg/autoscaling/calculation_test.go
+++ b/pkg/autoscaling/calculation_test.go
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestGetScaledTiKVGroups(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
@@ -214,7 +213,6 @@ func (q *mockQuerier) Query(options *QueryOptions) (QueryResult, error) {
 }
 
 func TestGetTotalCPUUseTime(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	querier := &mockQuerier{}
 	instances := []instance{
@@ -237,7 +235,6 @@ func TestGetTotalCPUUseTime(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetTotalCPUQuota(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	querier := &mockQuerier{}
 	instances := []instance{
@@ -260,7 +257,6 @@ func TestGetTotalCPUQuota(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestScaleOutGroupLabel(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	var jsonStr = []byte(`
 {
@@ -303,7 +299,6 @@ func TestScaleOutGroupLabel(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStrategyChangeCount(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	var count uint64 = 2
 	strategy := &Strategy{
diff --git a/pkg/autoscaling/prometheus_test.go b/pkg/autoscaling/prometheus_test.go
index b4cf9aefd91..3ee6cb94e37 100644
--- a/pkg/autoscaling/prometheus_test.go
+++ b/pkg/autoscaling/prometheus_test.go
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ func (c *normalClient) Do(_ context.Context, req *http.Request) (response *http.
 }
 
 func TestRetrieveCPUMetrics(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	client := &normalClient{
 		mockData: make(map[string]*response),
@@ -225,7 +224,6 @@ func (c *emptyResponseClient) Do(_ context.Context, req *http.Request) (r *http.
 }
 
 func TestEmptyResponse(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	client := &emptyResponseClient{}
 	querier := NewPrometheusQuerier(client)
@@ -253,7 +251,6 @@ func (c *errorHTTPStatusClient) Do(_ context.Context, req *http.Request) (r *htt
 }
 
 func TestErrorHTTPStatus(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	client := &errorHTTPStatusClient{}
 	querier := NewPrometheusQuerier(client)
@@ -279,7 +276,6 @@ func (c *errorPrometheusStatusClient) Do(_ context.Context, req *http.Request) (
 }
 
 func TestErrorPrometheusStatus(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	client := &errorPrometheusStatusClient{}
 	querier := NewPrometheusQuerier(client)
@@ -290,7 +286,6 @@ func TestErrorPrometheusStatus(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetInstanceNameFromAddress(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	testCases := []struct {
 		address              string
@@ -328,7 +323,6 @@ func TestGetInstanceNameFromAddress(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetDurationExpression(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	testCases := []struct {
 		duration           time.Duration
diff --git a/pkg/balancer/balancer_test.go b/pkg/balancer/balancer_test.go
index 996b4f1da35..2c760c6220c 100644
--- a/pkg/balancer/balancer_test.go
+++ b/pkg/balancer/balancer_test.go
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestBalancerPutAndDelete(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	balancers := []Balancer[uint32]{
 		NewRoundRobin[uint32](),
@@ -56,7 +55,6 @@ func TestBalancerPutAndDelete(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBalancerDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	balancers := []Balancer[uint32]{
 		NewRoundRobin[uint32](),
@@ -77,7 +75,6 @@ func TestBalancerDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRoundRobin(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	balancer := NewRoundRobin[uint32]()
 	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
diff --git a/pkg/cache/cache_test.go b/pkg/cache/cache_test.go
index dbef41d2754..43e97dfa2b0 100644
--- a/pkg/cache/cache_test.go
+++ b/pkg/cache/cache_test.go
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestExpireRegionCache(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
@@ -121,7 +120,6 @@ func sortIDs(ids []uint64) []uint64 {
 }
 
 func TestLRUCache(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	cache := newLRU(3)
 
@@ -199,7 +197,6 @@ func TestLRUCache(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestFifoCache(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	cache := NewFIFO(3)
 	cache.Put(1, "1")
@@ -227,7 +224,6 @@ func TestFifoCache(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestFifoFromLastSameElems(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	type testStruct struct {
 		value string
@@ -260,7 +256,6 @@ func TestFifoFromLastSameElems(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestTwoQueueCache(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	cache := newTwoQueue(3)
 	cache.Put(1, "1")
@@ -345,7 +340,6 @@ func (pq PriorityQueueItemTest) ID() uint64 {
 }
 
 func TestPriorityQueue(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	testData := []PriorityQueueItemTest{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
 	pq := NewPriorityQueue(0)
diff --git a/pkg/codec/codec_test.go b/pkg/codec/codec_test.go
index f734d2e528e..50bf552a60d 100644
--- a/pkg/codec/codec_test.go
+++ b/pkg/codec/codec_test.go
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestDecodeBytes(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	key := "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
 	for i := 0; i < len(key); i++ {
@@ -32,7 +31,6 @@ func TestDecodeBytes(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestTableID(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	key := EncodeBytes([]byte("t\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xff"))
 	re.Equal(int64(0xff), key.TableID())
diff --git a/pkg/core/rangetree/range_tree_test.go b/pkg/core/rangetree/range_tree_test.go
index 0664a7bdbef..6955947cb1b 100644
--- a/pkg/core/rangetree/range_tree_test.go
+++ b/pkg/core/rangetree/range_tree_test.go
@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@ func bucketDebrisFactory(startKey, endKey []byte, item RangeItem) []RangeItem {
 }
 
 func TestRingPutItem(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	bucketTree := NewRangeTree(2, bucketDebrisFactory)
 	bucketTree.Update(newSimpleBucketItem([]byte("002"), []byte("100")))
@@ -120,7 +119,6 @@ func TestRingPutItem(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDebris(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	ringItem := newSimpleBucketItem([]byte("010"), []byte("090"))
 	var overlaps []RangeItem
diff --git a/pkg/core/storelimit/limit_test.go b/pkg/core/storelimit/limit_test.go
index 75865330311..e11618767a1 100644
--- a/pkg/core/storelimit/limit_test.go
+++ b/pkg/core/storelimit/limit_test.go
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ func TestStoreLimit(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSlidingWindow(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	capacity := int64(defaultWindowSize)
 	s := NewSlidingWindows()
@@ -92,7 +91,6 @@ func TestSlidingWindow(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestWindow(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	capacity := int64(100 * 10)
 	s := newWindow(capacity)
diff --git a/pkg/encryption/config_test.go b/pkg/encryption/config_test.go
index 6f7e4a41b03..4134d46c2f3 100644
--- a/pkg/encryption/config_test.go
+++ b/pkg/encryption/config_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestAdjustDefaultValue(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	config := &Config{}
 	err := config.Adjust()
@@ -35,21 +34,18 @@ func TestAdjustDefaultValue(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestAdjustInvalidDataEncryptionMethod(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	config := &Config{DataEncryptionMethod: "unknown"}
 	re.Error(config.Adjust())
 }
 
 func TestAdjustNegativeRotationDuration(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	config := &Config{DataKeyRotationPeriod: typeutil.NewDuration(time.Duration(int64(-1)))}
 	re.Error(config.Adjust())
 }
 
 func TestAdjustInvalidMasterKeyType(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	config := &Config{MasterKey: MasterKeyConfig{Type: "unknown"}}
 	re.Error(config.Adjust())
diff --git a/pkg/encryption/crypter_test.go b/pkg/encryption/crypter_test.go
index 12a851d1563..9ac72bd7813 100644
--- a/pkg/encryption/crypter_test.go
+++ b/pkg/encryption/crypter_test.go
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestEncryptionMethodSupported(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	re.Error(CheckEncryptionMethodSupported(encryptionpb.EncryptionMethod_PLAINTEXT))
 	re.Error(CheckEncryptionMethodSupported(encryptionpb.EncryptionMethod_UNKNOWN))
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@ func TestEncryptionMethodSupported(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestKeyLength(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	_, err := KeyLength(encryptionpb.EncryptionMethod_PLAINTEXT)
 	re.Error(err)
@@ -52,7 +50,6 @@ func TestKeyLength(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestNewIv(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	ivCtr, err := NewIvCTR()
 	re.NoError(err)
@@ -63,7 +60,6 @@ func TestNewIv(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestNewDataKey(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	for _, method := range []encryptionpb.EncryptionMethod{
 		encryptionpb.EncryptionMethod_AES128_CTR,
@@ -82,7 +78,6 @@ func TestNewDataKey(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestAesGcmCrypter(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	key, err := hex.DecodeString("ed568fbd8c8018ed2d042a4e5d38d6341486922d401d2022fb81e47c900d3f07")
 	re.NoError(err)
diff --git a/pkg/encryption/master_key_test.go b/pkg/encryption/master_key_test.go
index 4bc08dab7a5..31962e9e99d 100644
--- a/pkg/encryption/master_key_test.go
+++ b/pkg/encryption/master_key_test.go
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestPlaintextMasterKey(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	config := &encryptionpb.MasterKey{
 		Backend: &encryptionpb.MasterKey_Plaintext{
@@ -50,7 +49,6 @@ func TestPlaintextMasterKey(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestEncrypt(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	keyHex := "2f07ec61e5a50284f47f2b402a962ec672e500b26cb3aa568bb1531300c74806" // #nosec G101
 	key, err := hex.DecodeString(keyHex)
@@ -66,7 +64,6 @@ func TestEncrypt(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDecrypt(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	keyHex := "2f07ec61e5a50284f47f2b402a962ec672e500b26cb3aa568bb1531300c74806" // #nosec G101
 	key, err := hex.DecodeString(keyHex)
@@ -83,7 +80,6 @@ func TestDecrypt(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestNewFileMasterKeyMissingPath(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	config := &encryptionpb.MasterKey{
 		Backend: &encryptionpb.MasterKey_File{
@@ -97,7 +93,6 @@ func TestNewFileMasterKeyMissingPath(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestNewFileMasterKeyMissingFile(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	path := dir + "/key"
@@ -113,7 +108,6 @@ func TestNewFileMasterKeyMissingFile(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestNewFileMasterKeyNotHexString(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	path := dir + "/key"
@@ -130,7 +124,6 @@ func TestNewFileMasterKeyNotHexString(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestNewFileMasterKeyLengthMismatch(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	path := dir + "/key"
@@ -147,7 +140,6 @@ func TestNewFileMasterKeyLengthMismatch(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestNewFileMasterKey(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	key := "2f07ec61e5a50284f47f2b402a962ec672e500b26cb3aa568bb1531300c74806" // #nosec G101
 	dir := t.TempDir()
diff --git a/pkg/encryption/region_crypter_test.go b/pkg/encryption/region_crypter_test.go
index 5fd9778a8c0..b1ca558063c 100644
--- a/pkg/encryption/region_crypter_test.go
+++ b/pkg/encryption/region_crypter_test.go
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ func (m *testKeyManager) GetKey(keyID uint64) (*encryptionpb.DataKey, error) {
 }
 
 func TestNilRegion(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	m := newTestKeyManager()
 	region, err := EncryptRegion(nil, m)
@@ -81,7 +80,6 @@ func TestNilRegion(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestEncryptRegionWithoutKeyManager(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	region := &metapb.Region{
 		Id:             10,
@@ -98,7 +96,6 @@ func TestEncryptRegionWithoutKeyManager(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestEncryptRegionWhileEncryptionDisabled(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	region := &metapb.Region{
 		Id:             10,
@@ -117,7 +114,6 @@ func TestEncryptRegionWhileEncryptionDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestEncryptRegion(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	startKey := []byte("abc")
 	endKey := []byte("xyz")
@@ -152,7 +148,6 @@ func TestEncryptRegion(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDecryptRegionNotEncrypted(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	region := &metapb.Region{
 		Id:             10,
@@ -170,7 +165,6 @@ func TestDecryptRegionNotEncrypted(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDecryptRegionWithoutKeyManager(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	region := &metapb.Region{
 		Id:       10,
@@ -186,7 +180,6 @@ func TestDecryptRegionWithoutKeyManager(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDecryptRegionWhileKeyMissing(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	keyID := uint64(3)
 	m := newTestKeyManager()
@@ -207,7 +200,6 @@ func TestDecryptRegionWhileKeyMissing(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDecryptRegion(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	keyID := uint64(1)
 	startKey := []byte("abc")
diff --git a/pkg/errs/errs_test.go b/pkg/errs/errs_test.go
index d76c02dc110..1dcabc32d9a 100644
--- a/pkg/errs/errs_test.go
+++ b/pkg/errs/errs_test.go
@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ func TestError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestErrorEqual(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	err1 := ErrSchedulerNotFound.FastGenByArgs()
 	err2 := ErrSchedulerNotFound.FastGenByArgs()
@@ -134,7 +133,6 @@ func TestZapError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestErrorWithStack(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	conf := &log.Config{Level: "debug", File: log.FileLogConfig{}, DisableTimestamp: true}
 	lg := newZapTestLogger(conf)
diff --git a/pkg/mock/mockhbstream/mockhbstream_test.go b/pkg/mock/mockhbstream/mockhbstream_test.go
index a8e88f61aee..aa1ca85279b 100644
--- a/pkg/mock/mockhbstream/mockhbstream_test.go
+++ b/pkg/mock/mockhbstream/mockhbstream_test.go
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestActivity(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
diff --git a/pkg/movingaverage/avg_over_time_test.go b/pkg/movingaverage/avg_over_time_test.go
index 43553d9d608..4a54e33d449 100644
--- a/pkg/movingaverage/avg_over_time_test.go
+++ b/pkg/movingaverage/avg_over_time_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestPulse(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	aot := NewAvgOverTime(5 * time.Second)
 	// warm up
@@ -43,7 +42,6 @@ func TestPulse(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPulse2(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	dur := 5 * time.Second
 	aot := NewAvgOverTime(dur)
@@ -57,7 +55,6 @@ func TestPulse2(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestChange(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	aot := NewAvgOverTime(5 * time.Second)
 
@@ -91,7 +88,6 @@ func TestChange(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMinFilled(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	interval := 10 * time.Second
 	rate := 1.0
@@ -108,7 +104,6 @@ func TestMinFilled(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUnstableInterval(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	aot := NewAvgOverTime(5 * time.Second)
 	re.Equal(0., aot.Get())
diff --git a/pkg/movingaverage/max_filter_test.go b/pkg/movingaverage/max_filter_test.go
index bba770cecc2..7d3906ec93c 100644
--- a/pkg/movingaverage/max_filter_test.go
+++ b/pkg/movingaverage/max_filter_test.go
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestMaxFilter(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	var empty float64 = 0
 	data := []float64{2, 1, 3, 4, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 0, 5}
diff --git a/pkg/movingaverage/moving_average_test.go b/pkg/movingaverage/moving_average_test.go
index 49c20637c20..fd0a1a9fcf3 100644
--- a/pkg/movingaverage/moving_average_test.go
+++ b/pkg/movingaverage/moving_average_test.go
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ func checkInstantaneous(re *require.Assertions, ma MovingAvg) {
 }
 
 func TestMedianFilter(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	var empty float64 = 0
 	data := []float64{2, 4, 2, 800, 600, 6, 3}
@@ -92,7 +91,6 @@ type testCase struct {
 }
 
 func TestMovingAvg(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	var empty float64 = 0
 	data := []float64{1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1}
diff --git a/pkg/movingaverage/weight_allocator_test.go b/pkg/movingaverage/weight_allocator_test.go
index 631a71f10c9..405d8f72876 100644
--- a/pkg/movingaverage/weight_allocator_test.go
+++ b/pkg/movingaverage/weight_allocator_test.go
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestWeightAllocator(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 
 	checkSumFunc := func(wa *WeightAllocator, length int) {
diff --git a/pkg/ratelimit/concurrency_limiter_test.go b/pkg/ratelimit/concurrency_limiter_test.go
index e77c79c8ebc..a397b6ac50f 100644
--- a/pkg/ratelimit/concurrency_limiter_test.go
+++ b/pkg/ratelimit/concurrency_limiter_test.go
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestConcurrencyLimiter(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	cl := NewConcurrencyLimiter(10)
 	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
diff --git a/pkg/ratelimit/controller_test.go b/pkg/ratelimit/controller_test.go
index 48a5ee2054b..50be24540e4 100644
--- a/pkg/ratelimit/controller_test.go
+++ b/pkg/ratelimit/controller_test.go
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ func runMulitLabelLimiter(t *testing.T, limiter *Controller, testCase []labelCas
 }
 
 func TestControllerWithConcurrencyLimiter(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	limiter := NewController(context.Background(), "grpc", nil)
 	defer limiter.Close()
@@ -191,7 +190,6 @@ func TestControllerWithConcurrencyLimiter(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBlockList(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	opts := []Option{AddLabelAllowList()}
 	limiter := NewController(context.Background(), "grpc", nil)
@@ -213,7 +211,6 @@ func TestBlockList(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestControllerWithQPSLimiter(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	limiter := NewController(context.Background(), "grpc", nil)
 	defer limiter.Close()
@@ -323,7 +320,6 @@ func TestControllerWithQPSLimiter(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestControllerWithTwoLimiters(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	limiter := NewController(context.Background(), "grpc", nil)
 	defer limiter.Close()
diff --git a/pkg/ratelimit/limiter_test.go b/pkg/ratelimit/limiter_test.go
index fabb9d98917..36f339b47ac 100644
--- a/pkg/ratelimit/limiter_test.go
+++ b/pkg/ratelimit/limiter_test.go
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ func (r *releaseUtil) append(d DoneFunc) {
 }
 
 func TestWithConcurrencyLimiter(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 
 	limiter := newLimiter()
@@ -103,7 +102,6 @@ func TestWithConcurrencyLimiter(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestWithQPSLimiter(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	limiter := newLimiter()
 	status := limiter.updateQPSConfig(float64(rate.Every(time.Second)), 1)
@@ -177,7 +175,6 @@ func TestWithQPSLimiter(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestWithTwoLimiters(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	cfg := &DimensionConfig{
 		QPS:              100,
diff --git a/pkg/ratelimit/ratelimiter_test.go b/pkg/ratelimit/ratelimiter_test.go
index 35b355e7b21..f16bb6a83d2 100644
--- a/pkg/ratelimit/ratelimiter_test.go
+++ b/pkg/ratelimit/ratelimiter_test.go
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestRateLimiter(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	limiter := NewRateLimiter(100, 100)
 
diff --git a/pkg/schedule/operator/operator_controller.go b/pkg/schedule/operator/operator_controller.go
index f05c232904f..b9294ad970d 100644
--- a/pkg/schedule/operator/operator_controller.go
+++ b/pkg/schedule/operator/operator_controller.go
@@ -324,14 +324,16 @@ func (oc *Controller) AddWaitingOperator(ops ...*Operator) int {
 			}
 			continue
 		}
-		oc.wop.PutOperator(op)
+
 		if isMerge {
 			// count two merge operators as one, so wopStatus.ops[desc] should
 			// not be updated here
 			// TODO: call checkAddOperator ...
+			oc.wop.PutMergeOperators([]*Operator{op, ops[i+1]})
 			i++
 			added++
-			oc.wop.PutOperator(ops[i])
+		} else {
+			oc.wop.PutOperator(op)
 		}
 		operatorCounter.WithLabelValues(desc, "put").Inc()
 		oc.wopStatus.incCount(desc)
diff --git a/pkg/schedule/operator/waiting_operator.go b/pkg/schedule/operator/waiting_operator.go
index b3b1b885663..f75dcf25cd8 100644
--- a/pkg/schedule/operator/waiting_operator.go
+++ b/pkg/schedule/operator/waiting_operator.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ var priorityWeight = []float64{1.0, 4.0, 9.0, 16.0}
 // WaitingOperator is an interface of waiting operators.
 type WaitingOperator interface {
 	PutOperator(op *Operator)
+	PutMergeOperators(op []*Operator)
 	GetOperator() []*Operator
 	ListOperator() []*Operator
 }
@@ -66,6 +67,21 @@ func (b *randBuckets) PutOperator(op *Operator) {
 	bucket.ops = append(bucket.ops, op)
 }
 
+// PutMergeOperators puts two operators into the random buckets.
+func (b *randBuckets) PutMergeOperators(ops []*Operator) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(ops) != 2 && (ops[0].Kind()&OpMerge == 0 || ops[1].Kind()&OpMerge == 0) {
+		return
+	}
+	priority := ops[0].GetPriorityLevel()
+	bucket := b.buckets[priority]
+	if len(bucket.ops) == 0 {
+		b.totalWeight += bucket.weight
+	}
+	bucket.ops = append(bucket.ops, ops...)
+}
+
 // ListOperator lists all operator in the random buckets.
 func (b *randBuckets) ListOperator() []*Operator {
 	b.mu.Lock()
diff --git a/pkg/slice/slice_test.go b/pkg/slice/slice_test.go
index 1fe3fe79dcf..019cd49c46a 100644
--- a/pkg/slice/slice_test.go
+++ b/pkg/slice/slice_test.go
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestSlice(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	testCases := []struct {
 		a      []int
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@ func TestSlice(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSliceContains(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	ss := []string{"a", "b", "c"}
 	re.True(slice.Contains(ss, "a"))
@@ -61,7 +59,6 @@ func TestSliceContains(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSliceRemoveGenericTypes(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	ss := []string{"a", "b", "c"}
 	ss = slice.Remove(ss, "a")
@@ -77,7 +74,6 @@ func TestSliceRemoveGenericTypes(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSliceRemove(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 
 	is := []int64{}
diff --git a/pkg/utils/apiutil/apiutil_test.go b/pkg/utils/apiutil/apiutil_test.go
index 106d3fb21cb..aee21621dd2 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/apiutil/apiutil_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/apiutil/apiutil_test.go
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestJsonRespondErrorOk(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	rd := render.New(render.Options{
 		IndentJSON: true,
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@ func TestJsonRespondErrorOk(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestJsonRespondErrorBadInput(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	rd := render.New(render.Options{
 		IndentJSON: true,
@@ -71,7 +69,6 @@ func TestJsonRespondErrorBadInput(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetIPPortFromHTTPRequest(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 
 	testCases := []struct {
diff --git a/pkg/utils/assertutil/assertutil_test.go b/pkg/utils/assertutil/assertutil_test.go
index 84bd21cef05..076cdd2ac93 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/assertutil/assertutil_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/assertutil/assertutil_test.go
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestNilFail(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	var failErr error
 	checker := NewChecker()
diff --git a/pkg/utils/grpcutil/grpcutil_test.go b/pkg/utils/grpcutil/grpcutil_test.go
index 21b7e1a4acb..2cbff4f3ebc 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/grpcutil/grpcutil_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/grpcutil/grpcutil_test.go
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ func TestToTLSConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	tlsConfig := TLSConfig{
 		KeyPath:  path.Join(certPath, "pd-server-key.pem"),
diff --git a/pkg/utils/jsonutil/jsonutil_test.go b/pkg/utils/jsonutil/jsonutil_test.go
index a046fbaf70a..1e8c21917ba 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/jsonutil/jsonutil_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/jsonutil/jsonutil_test.go
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ type testJSONStructLevel2 struct {
 }
 
 func TestJSONUtil(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	father := &testJSONStructLevel1{
 		Name: "father",
diff --git a/pkg/utils/keyutil/util_test.go b/pkg/utils/keyutil/util_test.go
index 374faa1f797..7bcb0a49c6f 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/keyutil/util_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/keyutil/util_test.go
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestKeyUtil(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	startKey := []byte("a")
 	endKey := []byte("b")
diff --git a/pkg/utils/logutil/log_test.go b/pkg/utils/logutil/log_test.go
index 7d4be7a88bd..650ba62fe9d 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/logutil/log_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/logutil/log_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestStringToZapLogLevel(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	re.Equal(zapcore.FatalLevel, StringToZapLogLevel("fatal"))
 	re.Equal(zapcore.ErrorLevel, StringToZapLogLevel("ERROR"))
@@ -35,7 +34,6 @@ func TestStringToZapLogLevel(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRedactLog(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name            string
diff --git a/pkg/utils/metricutil/metricutil_test.go b/pkg/utils/metricutil/metricutil_test.go
index b817eb0112d..acac9ce4d49 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/metricutil/metricutil_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/metricutil/metricutil_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestCamelCaseToSnakeCase(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	inputs := []struct {
 		name    string
diff --git a/pkg/utils/netutil/address_test.go b/pkg/utils/netutil/address_test.go
index faa3e2e1d04..127c9a6d0f7 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/netutil/address_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/netutil/address_test.go
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestResolveLoopBackAddr(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	nodes := []struct {
 		address     string
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ func TestResolveLoopBackAddr(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestIsEnableHttps(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	re.False(IsEnableHTTPS(http.DefaultClient))
 	httpClient := &http.Client{
diff --git a/pkg/utils/reflectutil/tag_test.go b/pkg/utils/reflectutil/tag_test.go
index f613f1f81b6..3e49e093912 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/reflectutil/tag_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/reflectutil/tag_test.go
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ type testStruct3 struct {
 }
 
 func TestFindJSONFullTagByChildTag(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	key := "enable"
 	result := FindJSONFullTagByChildTag(reflect.TypeOf(testStruct1{}), key)
@@ -51,7 +50,6 @@ func TestFindJSONFullTagByChildTag(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestFindSameFieldByJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	input := map[string]any{
 		"name": "test2",
@@ -65,7 +63,6 @@ func TestFindSameFieldByJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestFindFieldByJSONTag(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	t1 := testStruct1{}
 	t2 := testStruct2{}
diff --git a/pkg/utils/requestutil/context_test.go b/pkg/utils/requestutil/context_test.go
index 298fc1ff8a3..e6bdcd7be46 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/requestutil/context_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/requestutil/context_test.go
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestRequestInfo(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	_, ok := RequestInfoFrom(ctx)
@@ -53,7 +52,6 @@ func TestRequestInfo(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestEndTime(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	_, ok := EndTimeFrom(ctx)
diff --git a/pkg/utils/typeutil/comparison_test.go b/pkg/utils/typeutil/comparison_test.go
index b296405b3d5..b53e961b4ee 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/typeutil/comparison_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/typeutil/comparison_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestMinUint64(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	re.Equal(uint64(1), MinUint64(1, 2))
 	re.Equal(uint64(1), MinUint64(2, 1))
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@ func TestMinUint64(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMaxUint64(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	re.Equal(uint64(2), MaxUint64(1, 2))
 	re.Equal(uint64(2), MaxUint64(2, 1))
@@ -39,7 +37,6 @@ func TestMaxUint64(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMinDuration(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	re.Equal(time.Second, MinDuration(time.Minute, time.Second))
 	re.Equal(time.Second, MinDuration(time.Second, time.Minute))
@@ -47,7 +44,6 @@ func TestMinDuration(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestEqualFloat(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	f1 := rand.Float64()
 	re.True(Float64Equal(f1, f1*1.000))
@@ -55,7 +51,6 @@ func TestEqualFloat(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestAreStringSlicesEquivalent(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	re.True(AreStringSlicesEquivalent(nil, nil))
 	re.True(AreStringSlicesEquivalent([]string{}, nil))
diff --git a/pkg/utils/typeutil/conversion_test.go b/pkg/utils/typeutil/conversion_test.go
index 14b2f9dea52..7b17cfcbe2c 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/typeutil/conversion_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/typeutil/conversion_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestBytesToUint64(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	str := "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03\xe8"
 	a, err := BytesToUint64([]byte(str))
@@ -32,7 +31,6 @@ func TestBytesToUint64(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUint64ToBytes(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	var a uint64 = 1000
 	b := Uint64ToBytes(a)
@@ -41,7 +39,6 @@ func TestUint64ToBytes(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestJSONToUint64Slice(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	type testArray struct {
 		Array []uint64 `json:"array"`
diff --git a/pkg/utils/typeutil/duration_test.go b/pkg/utils/typeutil/duration_test.go
index cff7c3cd66c..42db0be8cdc 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/typeutil/duration_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/typeutil/duration_test.go
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ type example struct {
 }
 
 func TestDurationJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	example := &example{}
 
@@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ func TestDurationJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDurationTOML(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	example := &example{}
 
diff --git a/pkg/utils/typeutil/size_test.go b/pkg/utils/typeutil/size_test.go
index 57c246953e4..f2772ff8c6d 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/typeutil/size_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/typeutil/size_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestSizeJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	b := ByteSize(265421587)
 	o, err := json.Marshal(b)
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ func TestSizeJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestParseMbFromText(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	testCases := []struct {
 		body []string
diff --git a/pkg/utils/typeutil/string_slice_test.go b/pkg/utils/typeutil/string_slice_test.go
index 9a197eb68e4..9177cee0eb9 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/typeutil/string_slice_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/typeutil/string_slice_test.go
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestStringSliceJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	b := StringSlice([]string{"zone", "rack"})
 	o, err := json.Marshal(b)
@@ -36,7 +35,6 @@ func TestStringSliceJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	ss := StringSlice([]string{})
 	b, err := json.Marshal(ss)
diff --git a/pkg/utils/typeutil/time_test.go b/pkg/utils/typeutil/time_test.go
index 7a5baf55afa..b8078f63fa8 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/typeutil/time_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/typeutil/time_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestParseTimestamp(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
 		t := time.Now().Add(time.Second * time.Duration(rand.Int31n(1000)))
@@ -39,7 +38,6 @@ func TestParseTimestamp(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSubTimeByWallClock(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
 		r := rand.Int63n(1000)
@@ -63,7 +61,6 @@ func TestSubTimeByWallClock(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSmallTimeDifference(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	re := require.New(t)
 	t1, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04:05.999", "2021-04-26 00:44:25.682")
 	re.NoError(err)
diff --git a/server/api/health_test.go b/server/api/health_test.go
index 6d2caec12cd..89a9627bc37 100644
--- a/server/api/health_test.go
+++ b/server/api/health_test.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func checkSliceResponse(re *require.Assertions, body []byte, cfgs []*config.Config, unhealthy string) {
-	got := []Health{}
+	var got []Health
 	re.NoError(json.Unmarshal(body, &got))
 	re.Len(cfgs, len(got))
 
diff --git a/server/api/member_test.go b/server/api/member_test.go
index 65c0ff67360..5d692cda7d9 100644
--- a/server/api/member_test.go
+++ b/server/api/member_test.go
@@ -158,26 +158,7 @@ func (suite *memberTestSuite) changeLeaderPeerUrls(leader *pdpb.Member, id uint6
 	resp.Body.Close()
 }
 
-type resignTestSuite struct {
-	suite.Suite
-	cfgs    []*config.Config
-	servers []*server.Server
-	clean   testutil.CleanupFunc
-}
-
-func TestResignTestSuite(t *testing.T) {
-	suite.Run(t, new(resignTestSuite))
-}
-
-func (suite *resignTestSuite) SetupSuite() {
-	suite.cfgs, suite.servers, suite.clean = mustNewCluster(suite.Require(), 1)
-}
-
-func (suite *resignTestSuite) TearDownSuite() {
-	suite.clean()
-}
-
-func (suite *resignTestSuite) TestResignMyself() {
+func (suite *memberTestSuite) TestResignMyself() {
 	re := suite.Require()
 	addr := suite.cfgs[0].ClientUrls + apiPrefix + "/api/v1/leader/resign"
 	resp, err := testDialClient.Post(addr, "", nil)
diff --git a/tools/go.mod b/tools/go.mod
index 8287f834471..9d8728f7034 100644
--- a/tools/go.mod
+++ b/tools/go.mod
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/tikv/pd v0.0.0-00010101000000-000000000000
 	github.com/tikv/pd/client v0.0.0-00010101000000-000000000000
 	go.etcd.io/etcd v0.5.0-alpha.5.0.20240320135013-950cd5fbe6ca
+	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3
 	go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
 	golang.org/x/text v0.14.0
diff --git a/tools/go.sum b/tools/go.sum
index ac6cc75903e..d7c7a4801b1 100644
--- a/tools/go.sum
+++ b/tools/go.sum
@@ -385,6 +385,8 @@ github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZN
 github.com/power-devops/perfstat v0.0.0-20210106213030-5aafc221ea8c/go.mod h1:OmDBASR4679mdNQnz2pUhc2G8CO2JrUAVFDRBDP/hJE=
 github.com/power-devops/perfstat v0.0.0-20221212215047-62379fc7944b h1:0LFwY6Q3gMACTjAbMZBjXAqTOzOwFaj2Ld6cjeQ7Rig=
 github.com/power-devops/perfstat v0.0.0-20221212215047-62379fc7944b/go.mod h1:OmDBASR4679mdNQnz2pUhc2G8CO2JrUAVFDRBDP/hJE=
+github.com/prashantv/gostub v1.1.0 h1:BTyx3RfQjRHnUWaGF9oQos79AlQ5k8WNktv7VGvVH4g=
+github.com/prashantv/gostub v1.1.0/go.mod h1:A5zLQHz7ieHGG7is6LLXLz7I8+3LZzsrV0P1IAHhP5U=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.0 h1:ygXvpU1AoN1MhdzckN+PyD9QJOSD4x7kmXYlnfbA6JU=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.0/go.mod h1:ZRM9uEAypZakd+q/x7+gmsvXdURP+DABIEIjnmDdp+k=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190812154241-14fe0d1b01d4/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
@@ -514,6 +516,8 @@ go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0/go.mod h1:fEN4uk6kAWBTFdckzkM89CLk9XfWZrxpCo0nPH17wJc=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.9.0/go.mod h1:fEN4uk6kAWBTFdckzkM89CLk9XfWZrxpCo0nPH17wJc=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.10.0 h1:9qC72Qh0+3MqyJbAn8YU5xVq1frD8bn3JtD2oXtafVQ=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.10.0/go.mod h1:LUxbIzbOniOlMKjJjyPfpl4v+PKK2cNJn91OQbhoJI0=
+go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3 h1:kWazyxZUrS3Gs4qUpbwo5kEIMGe/DAvi5Z4tl2NW4j8=
+go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3/go.mod h1:eRbA25aqJrxAbsLO0xy5jVwPt7FQnRgjW+efnwa1WM0=
 go.uber.org/dig v1.9.0 h1:pJTDXKEhRqBI8W7rU7kwT5EgyRZuSMVSFcZolOvKK9U=
 go.uber.org/dig v1.9.0/go.mod h1:X34SnWGr8Fyla9zQNO2GSO2D+TIuqB14OS8JhYocIyw=
 go.uber.org/fx v1.12.0 h1:+1+3Cz9M0dFMPy9SW9XUIUHye8bnPUm7q7DroNGWYG4=
diff --git a/tools/pd-ut/README.md b/tools/pd-ut/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..77b59bea4f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/pd-ut/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# pd-ut
+
+pd-ut is a tool to run unit tests for PD.
+
+## Build
+
+1. [Go](https://golang.org/) Version 1.21 or later
+2. In the root directory of the [PD project](https://github.com/tikv/pd), use the `make pd-ut` command to compile and generate `bin/pd-ut`
+
+## Usage
+
+This section describes how to use the pd-ut tool.
+
+### brief run all tests
+```shell
+make ut 
+```
+
+
+### run by pd-ut
+
+- You should `make failpoint-enable` before running the tests.
+- And after running the tests, you should `make failpoint-disable` and `make clean-test` to disable the failpoint and clean the environment.
+
+#### Flags description
+
+```shell
+// run all tests
+pd-ut
+
+// show usage
+pd-ut -h
+
+// list all packages
+pd-ut list
+
+// list test cases of a single package
+pd-ut list $package
+
+// list test cases that match a pattern
+pd-ut list $package 'r:$regex'
+
+// run all tests
+pd-ut run
+
+// run test all cases of a single package
+pd-ut run $package
+
+// run test cases of a single package
+pd-ut run $package $test
+
+// run test cases that match a pattern
+pd-ut run $package 'r:$regex'
+
+// build all test package
+pd-ut build
+
+// build a test package
+pd-ut build xxx
+
+// write the junitfile
+pd-ut run --junitfile xxx
+
+// test with race flag
+pd-ut run --race
+```
diff --git a/tools/pd-ut/ut.go b/tools/pd-ut/ut.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5d50bbd51a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/pd-ut/ut.go
@@ -0,0 +1,803 @@
+// Copyright 2024 TiKV Project Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path"
+	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	// Set the correct value when it runs inside docker.
+	_ "go.uber.org/automaxprocs"
+)
+
+func usage() bool {
+	msg := `// run all tests
+pd-ut
+
+// show usage
+pd-ut -h
+
+// list all packages
+pd-ut list
+
+// list test cases of a single package
+pd-ut list $package
+
+// list test cases that match a pattern
+pd-ut list $package 'r:$regex'
+
+// run all tests
+pd-ut run
+
+// run test all cases of a single package
+pd-ut run $package
+
+// run test cases of a single package
+pd-ut run $package $test
+
+// run test cases that match a pattern
+pd-ut run $package 'r:$regex'
+
+// build all test package
+pd-ut build
+
+// build a test package
+pd-ut build xxx
+
+// write the junitfile
+pd-ut run --junitfile xxx
+
+// test with race flag
+pd-ut run --race`
+
+	fmt.Println(msg)
+	return true
+}
+
+const modulePath = "github.com/tikv/pd"
+
+var (
+	// runtime
+	p             int
+	buildParallel int
+	workDir       string
+	// arguments
+	race      bool
+	junitFile string
+)
+
+func main() {
+	race = handleFlag("--race")
+	junitFile = stripFlag("--junitfile")
+
+	// Get the correct count of CPU if it's in docker.
+	p = runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0)
+	// We use 2 * p for `go build` to make it faster.
+	buildParallel = p * 2
+	var err error
+	workDir, err = os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("os.Getwd() error", err)
+	}
+
+	var isSucceed bool
+	// run all tests
+	if len(os.Args) == 1 {
+		isSucceed = cmdRun()
+	}
+
+	if len(os.Args) >= 2 {
+		switch os.Args[1] {
+		case "list":
+			isSucceed = cmdList(os.Args[2:]...)
+		case "build":
+			isSucceed = cmdBuild(os.Args[2:]...)
+		case "run":
+			isSucceed = cmdRun(os.Args[2:]...)
+		default:
+			isSucceed = usage()
+		}
+	}
+	if !isSucceed {
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+func cmdList(args ...string) bool {
+	pkgs, err := listPackages()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Println("list package error", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// list all packages
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		for _, pkg := range pkgs {
+			fmt.Println(pkg)
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// list test case of a single package
+	if len(args) == 1 || len(args) == 2 {
+		pkg := args[0]
+		pkgs = filter(pkgs, func(s string) bool { return s == pkg })
+		if len(pkgs) != 1 {
+			fmt.Println("package not exist", pkg)
+			return false
+		}
+
+		err := buildTestBinary(pkg)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Println("build package error", pkg, err)
+			return false
+		}
+		exist, err := testBinaryExist(pkg)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Println("check test binary existence error", err)
+			return false
+		}
+		if !exist {
+			fmt.Println("no test case in ", pkg)
+			return false
+		}
+
+		res := listTestCases(pkg, nil)
+
+		if len(args) == 2 {
+			res, err = filterTestCases(res, args[1])
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Println("filter test cases error", err)
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, x := range res {
+			fmt.Println(x.test)
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func cmdBuild(args ...string) bool {
+	pkgs, err := listPackages()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Println("list package error", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// build all packages
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		err := buildTestBinaryMulti(pkgs)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Println("build package error", pkgs, err)
+			return false
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// build test binary of a single package
+	if len(args) >= 1 {
+		pkg := args[0]
+		err := buildTestBinary(pkg)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Println("build package error", pkg, err)
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func cmdRun(args ...string) bool {
+	var err error
+	pkgs, err := listPackages()
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("list packages error", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	tasks := make([]task, 0, 5000)
+	start := time.Now()
+	// run all tests
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		err := buildTestBinaryMulti(pkgs)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Println("build package error", pkgs, err)
+			return false
+		}
+
+		for _, pkg := range pkgs {
+			exist, err := testBinaryExist(pkg)
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Println("check test binary existence error", err)
+				return false
+			}
+			if !exist {
+				fmt.Println("no test case in ", pkg)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			tasks = listTestCases(pkg, tasks)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// run tests for a single package
+	if len(args) == 1 {
+		pkg := args[0]
+		err := buildTestBinary(pkg)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Println("build package error", pkg, err)
+			return false
+		}
+		exist, err := testBinaryExist(pkg)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Println("check test binary existence error", err)
+			return false
+		}
+
+		if !exist {
+			fmt.Println("no test case in ", pkg)
+			return false
+		}
+		tasks = listTestCases(pkg, tasks)
+	}
+
+	// run a single test
+	if len(args) == 2 {
+		pkg := args[0]
+		err := buildTestBinary(pkg)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Println("build package error", pkg, err)
+			return false
+		}
+		exist, err := testBinaryExist(pkg)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Println("check test binary existence error", err)
+			return false
+		}
+		if !exist {
+			fmt.Println("no test case in ", pkg)
+			return false
+		}
+
+		tasks = listTestCases(pkg, tasks)
+		tasks, err = filterTestCases(tasks, args[1])
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Println("filter test cases error", err)
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf("building task finish, parallelism=%d, count=%d, takes=%v\n", buildParallel, len(tasks), time.Since(start))
+
+	taskCh := make(chan task, 100)
+	works := make([]numa, p)
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < p; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go works[i].worker(&wg, taskCh)
+	}
+
+	shuffle(tasks)
+
+	start = time.Now()
+	for _, task := range tasks {
+		taskCh <- task
+	}
+	close(taskCh)
+	wg.Wait()
+	fmt.Println("run all tasks takes", time.Since(start))
+
+	if junitFile != "" {
+		out := collectTestResults(works)
+		f, err := os.Create(junitFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Println("create junit file fail:", err)
+			return false
+		}
+		if err := write(f, out); err != nil {
+			fmt.Println("write junit file error:", err)
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, work := range works {
+		if work.Fail {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// stripFlag strip the '--flag xxx' from the command line os.Args
+// Example of the os.Args changes
+// Before: ut run pkg TestXXX --junitfile yyy
+// After: ut run pkg TestXXX
+// The value of the flag is returned.
+func stripFlag(flag string) string {
+	var res string
+	tmp := os.Args[:0]
+	// Iter to the flag
+	var i int
+	for ; i < len(os.Args); i++ {
+		if os.Args[i] == flag {
+			i++
+			break
+		}
+		tmp = append(tmp, os.Args[i])
+	}
+	// Handle the flag
+	if i < len(os.Args) {
+		res = os.Args[i]
+		i++
+	}
+	// Iter the remain flags
+	for ; i < len(os.Args); i++ {
+		tmp = append(tmp, os.Args[i])
+	}
+
+	os.Args = tmp
+	return res
+}
+
+func handleFlag(f string) (found bool) {
+	tmp := os.Args[:0]
+	for i := 0; i < len(os.Args); i++ {
+		if os.Args[i] == f {
+			found = true
+			continue
+		}
+		tmp = append(tmp, os.Args[i])
+	}
+	os.Args = tmp
+	return
+}
+
+type task struct {
+	pkg  string
+	test string
+}
+
+func (t *task) String() string {
+	return t.pkg + " " + t.test
+}
+
+func listTestCases(pkg string, tasks []task) []task {
+	newCases := listNewTestCases(pkg)
+	for _, c := range newCases {
+		tasks = append(tasks, task{pkg, c})
+	}
+
+	return tasks
+}
+
+func filterTestCases(tasks []task, arg1 string) ([]task, error) {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(arg1, "r:") {
+		r, err := regexp.Compile(arg1[2:])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		tmp := tasks[:0]
+		for _, task := range tasks {
+			if r.MatchString(task.test) {
+				tmp = append(tmp, task)
+			}
+		}
+		return tmp, nil
+	}
+	tmp := tasks[:0]
+	for _, task := range tasks {
+		if strings.Contains(task.test, arg1) {
+			tmp = append(tmp, task)
+		}
+	}
+	return tmp, nil
+}
+
+func listPackages() ([]string, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", "list", "./...")
+	ss, err := cmdToLines(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, withTrace(err)
+	}
+
+	ret := ss[:0]
+	for _, s := range ss {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(s, modulePath) {
+			continue
+		}
+		pkg := s[len(modulePath)+1:]
+		if skipDIR(pkg) {
+			continue
+		}
+		ret = append(ret, pkg)
+	}
+	return ret, nil
+}
+
+type numa struct {
+	Fail    bool
+	results []testResult
+}
+
+func (n *numa) worker(wg *sync.WaitGroup, ch chan task) {
+	defer wg.Done()
+	for t := range ch {
+		res := n.runTestCase(t.pkg, t.test)
+		if res.Failure != nil {
+			fmt.Println("[FAIL] ", t.pkg, t.test)
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "err=%s\n%s", res.err.Error(), res.Failure.Contents)
+			n.Fail = true
+		}
+		n.results = append(n.results, res)
+	}
+}
+
+type testResult struct {
+	JUnitTestCase
+	d   time.Duration
+	err error
+}
+
+func (n *numa) runTestCase(pkg string, fn string) testResult {
+	res := testResult{
+		JUnitTestCase: JUnitTestCase{
+			ClassName: path.Join(modulePath, pkg),
+			Name:      fn,
+		},
+	}
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	var err error
+	var start time.Time
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		cmd := n.testCommand(pkg, fn)
+		cmd.Dir = path.Join(workDir, pkg)
+		// Combine the test case output, so the run result for failed cases can be displayed.
+		cmd.Stdout = &buf
+		cmd.Stderr = &buf
+
+		start = time.Now()
+		err = cmd.Run()
+		if err != nil {
+			var exitError *exec.ExitError
+			if errors.As(err, &exitError) {
+				// Retry 3 times to get rid of the weird error:
+				switch err.Error() {
+				case "signal: segmentation fault (core dumped)":
+					buf.Reset()
+					continue
+				case "signal: trace/breakpoint trap (core dumped)":
+					buf.Reset()
+					continue
+				}
+				if strings.Contains(buf.String(), "panic during panic") {
+					buf.Reset()
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		break
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		res.Failure = &JUnitFailure{
+			Message:  "Failed",
+			Contents: buf.String(),
+		}
+		res.err = err
+	}
+
+	res.d = time.Since(start)
+	res.Time = formatDurationAsSeconds(res.d)
+	return res
+}
+
+func collectTestResults(workers []numa) JUnitTestSuites {
+	version := goVersion()
+	// pkg => test cases
+	pkgs := make(map[string][]JUnitTestCase)
+	durations := make(map[string]time.Duration)
+
+	// The test result in workers are shuffled, so group by the packages here
+	for _, n := range workers {
+		for _, res := range n.results {
+			cases, ok := pkgs[res.ClassName]
+			if !ok {
+				cases = make([]JUnitTestCase, 0, 10)
+			}
+			cases = append(cases, res.JUnitTestCase)
+			pkgs[res.ClassName] = cases
+			durations[res.ClassName] += res.d
+		}
+	}
+
+	suites := JUnitTestSuites{}
+	// Turn every package result to a suite.
+	for pkg, cases := range pkgs {
+		suite := JUnitTestSuite{
+			Tests:      len(cases),
+			Failures:   failureCases(cases),
+			Time:       formatDurationAsSeconds(durations[pkg]),
+			Name:       pkg,
+			Properties: packageProperties(version),
+			TestCases:  cases,
+		}
+		suites.Suites = append(suites.Suites, suite)
+	}
+	return suites
+}
+
+func failureCases(input []JUnitTestCase) int {
+	sum := 0
+	for _, v := range input {
+		if v.Failure != nil {
+			sum++
+		}
+	}
+	return sum
+}
+
+func (n *numa) testCommand(pkg string, fn string) *exec.Cmd {
+	args := make([]string, 0, 10)
+	exe := "./" + testFileName(pkg)
+	args = append(args, "-test.cpu", "1")
+	if !race {
+		args = append(args, []string{"-test.timeout", "2m"}...)
+	} else {
+		// it takes a longer when race is enabled. so it is set more timeout value.
+		args = append(args, []string{"-test.timeout", "5m"}...)
+	}
+
+	// core.test -test.run TestClusteredPrefixColum
+	args = append(args, "-test.run", "^"+fn+"$")
+
+	return exec.Command(exe, args...)
+}
+
+func skipDIR(pkg string) bool {
+	skipDir := []string{"tests", "bin", "cmd", "tools"}
+	for _, ignore := range skipDir {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(pkg, ignore) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// buildTestBinaryMulti is much faster than build the test packages one by one.
+func buildTestBinaryMulti(pkgs []string) error {
+	// go test --exec=xprog --tags=tso_function_test,deadlock -vet=off --count=0 $(pkgs)
+	xprogPath := path.Join(workDir, "bin/xprog")
+	packages := make([]string, 0, len(pkgs))
+	for _, pkg := range pkgs {
+		packages = append(packages, path.Join(modulePath, pkg))
+	}
+
+	p := strconv.Itoa(buildParallel)
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", "test", "-p", p, "--exec", xprogPath, "-vet", "off", "--tags=tso_function_test,deadlock")
+	cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, packages...)
+	cmd.Dir = workDir
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		return withTrace(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func buildTestBinary(pkg string) error {
+	//nolint:gosec
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", "test", "-c", "-vet", "off", "--tags=tso_function_test,deadlock", "-o", testFileName(pkg), "-v")
+	if race {
+		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-race")
+	}
+	cmd.Dir = path.Join(workDir, pkg)
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		return withTrace(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func testBinaryExist(pkg string) (bool, error) {
+	_, err := os.Stat(testFileFullPath(pkg))
+	if err != nil {
+		var pathError *os.PathError
+		if errors.As(err, &pathError) {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return true, withTrace(err)
+}
+
+func testFileName(pkg string) string {
+	_, file := path.Split(pkg)
+	return file + ".test.bin"
+}
+
+func testFileFullPath(pkg string) string {
+	return path.Join(workDir, pkg, testFileName(pkg))
+}
+
+func listNewTestCases(pkg string) []string {
+	exe := "./" + testFileName(pkg)
+
+	// core.test -test.list Test
+	cmd := exec.Command(exe, "-test.list", "Test")
+	cmd.Dir = path.Join(workDir, pkg)
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	cmd.Stdout = &buf
+	err := cmd.Run()
+	res := strings.Split(buf.String(), "\n")
+	if err != nil && len(res) == 0 {
+		fmt.Println("err ==", err)
+	}
+	return filter(res, func(s string) bool {
+		return strings.HasPrefix(s, "Test") && s != "TestT" && s != "TestBenchDaily"
+	})
+}
+
+func cmdToLines(cmd *exec.Cmd) ([]string, error) {
+	res, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, withTrace(err)
+	}
+	ss := bytes.Split(res, []byte{'\n'})
+	ret := make([]string, len(ss))
+	for i, s := range ss {
+		ret[i] = string(s)
+	}
+	return ret, nil
+}
+
+func filter(input []string, f func(string) bool) []string {
+	ret := input[:0]
+	for _, s := range input {
+		if f(s) {
+			ret = append(ret, s)
+		}
+	}
+	return ret
+}
+
+func shuffle(tasks []task) {
+	for i := 0; i < len(tasks); i++ {
+		pos := rand.Intn(len(tasks))
+		tasks[i], tasks[pos] = tasks[pos], tasks[i]
+	}
+}
+
+type errWithStack struct {
+	err error
+	buf []byte
+}
+
+func (e *errWithStack) Error() string {
+	return e.err.Error() + "\n" + string(e.buf)
+}
+
+func withTrace(err error) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var errStack *errWithStack
+	if errors.As(err, &errStack) {
+		return err
+	}
+	var stack [4096]byte
+	sz := runtime.Stack(stack[:], false)
+	return &errWithStack{err, stack[:sz]}
+}
+
+func formatDurationAsSeconds(d time.Duration) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%f", d.Seconds())
+}
+
+func packageProperties(goVersion string) []JUnitProperty {
+	return []JUnitProperty{
+		{Name: "go.version", Value: goVersion},
+	}
+}
+
+// goVersion returns the version as reported by the go binary in PATH. This
+// version will not be the same as runtime.Version, which is always the version
+// of go used to build the gotestsum binary.
+//
+// To skip the os/exec call set the GOVERSION environment variable to the
+// desired value.
+func goVersion() string {
+	if version, ok := os.LookupEnv("GOVERSION"); ok {
+		return version
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", "version")
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "unknown"
+	}
+	return strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(string(out)), "go version ")
+}
+
+func write(out io.Writer, suites JUnitTestSuites) error {
+	doc, err := xml.MarshalIndent(suites, "", "\t")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = out.Write([]byte(xml.Header))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = out.Write(doc)
+	return err
+}
+
+// JUnitTestSuites is a collection of JUnit test suites.
+type JUnitTestSuites struct {
+	XMLName xml.Name `xml:"testsuites"`
+	Suites  []JUnitTestSuite
+}
+
+// JUnitTestSuite is a single JUnit test suite which may contain many
+// testcases.
+type JUnitTestSuite struct {
+	XMLName    xml.Name        `xml:"testsuite"`
+	Tests      int             `xml:"tests,attr"`
+	Failures   int             `xml:"failures,attr"`
+	Time       string          `xml:"time,attr"`
+	Name       string          `xml:"name,attr"`
+	Properties []JUnitProperty `xml:"properties>property,omitempty"`
+	TestCases  []JUnitTestCase
+}
+
+// JUnitTestCase is a single test case with its result.
+type JUnitTestCase struct {
+	XMLName     xml.Name          `xml:"testcase"`
+	ClassName   string            `xml:"classname,attr"`
+	Name        string            `xml:"name,attr"`
+	Time        string            `xml:"time,attr"`
+	SkipMessage *JUnitSkipMessage `xml:"skipped,omitempty"`
+	Failure     *JUnitFailure     `xml:"failure,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// JUnitSkipMessage contains the reason why a testcase was skipped.
+type JUnitSkipMessage struct {
+	Message string `xml:"message,attr"`
+}
+
+// JUnitProperty represents a key/value pair used to define properties.
+type JUnitProperty struct {
+	Name  string `xml:"name,attr"`
+	Value string `xml:"value,attr"`
+}
+
+// JUnitFailure contains data related to a failed test.
+type JUnitFailure struct {
+	Message  string `xml:"message,attr"`
+	Type     string `xml:"type,attr"`
+	Contents string `xml:",chardata"`
+}
diff --git a/tools/pd-ut/xprog.go b/tools/pd-ut/xprog.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cf3e9b295e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/pd-ut/xprog.go
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Copyright 2024 TiKV Project Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//go:build xprog
+// +build xprog
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	// See https://github.com/golang/go/issues/15513#issuecomment-773994959
+	// go test --exec=xprog ./...
+	// Command line args looks like:
+	// '$CWD/xprog /tmp/go-build2662369829/b1382/aggfuncs.test -test.paniconexit0 -test.timeout=10m0s'
+	// This program moves the test binary /tmp/go-build2662369829/b1382/aggfuncs.test to someplace else for later use.
+
+	// Extract the current work directory
+	cwd := os.Args[0]
+	cwd = cwd[:len(cwd)-len("bin/xprog")]
+
+	testBinaryPath := os.Args[1]
+	dir, _ := filepath.Split(testBinaryPath)
+
+	// Extract the package info from /tmp/go-build2662369829/b1382/importcfg.link
+	pkg := getPackageInfo(dir)
+
+	const prefix = "github.com/tikv/pd/"
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(pkg, prefix) {
+		os.Exit(-3)
+	}
+
+	// github.com/tikv/pd/server/api/api.test => server/api/api
+	pkg = pkg[len(prefix) : len(pkg)-len(".test")]
+
+	_, file := filepath.Split(pkg)
+
+	// The path of the destination file looks like $CWD/server/api/api.test.bin
+	newName := filepath.Join(cwd, pkg, file+".test.bin")
+
+	if err1 := os.Rename(testBinaryPath, newName); err1 != nil {
+		// Rename fail, handle error like "invalid cross-device linkcd tools/check"
+		err1 = MoveFile(testBinaryPath, newName)
+		if err1 != nil {
+			os.Exit(-4)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func getPackageInfo(dir string) string {
+	// Read the /tmp/go-build2662369829/b1382/importcfg.link file to get the package information
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(dir, "importcfg.link"))
+	if err != nil {
+		os.Exit(-1)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	r := bufio.NewReader(f)
+	line, _, err := r.ReadLine()
+	if err != nil {
+		os.Exit(-2)
+	}
+	start := strings.IndexByte(string(line), ' ')
+	end := strings.IndexByte(string(line), '=')
+	pkg := string(line[start+1 : end])
+	return pkg
+}
+
+func MoveFile(srcPath, dstPath string) error {
+	inputFile, err := os.Open(srcPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't open source file: %s", err)
+	}
+	outputFile, err := os.Create(dstPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		inputFile.Close()
+		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't open dst file: %s", err)
+	}
+	defer outputFile.Close()
+	_, err = io.Copy(outputFile, inputFile)
+	inputFile.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("writing to output file failed: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Handle the permissions
+	si, err := os.Stat(srcPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("stat error: %s", err)
+	}
+	err = os.Chmod(dstPath, si.Mode())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("chmod error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// The copy was successful, so now delete the original file
+	err = os.Remove(srcPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed removing original file: %s", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}