diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index de92b77..4481936 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "@openactive/data-model-validator": "^2.0.0",
     "cache-parser": "^1.2.4",
-    "jsonpath": "^1.1.1",
     "lodash": "^4.17.21",
     "luxon": "^1.4.2",
     "node-fetch": "^2.2.0"
diff --git a/src/rules/page/after-change-number-rule.js b/src/rules/page/after-change-number-rule.js
index 419a226..42c3cf3 100644
--- a/src/rules/page/after-change-number-rule.js
+++ b/src/rules/page/after-change-number-rule.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ const {
   ValidationErrorCategory,
   ValidationErrorSeverity,
 } = require('@openactive/data-model-validator');
-const jp = require('jsonpath');
+const _ = require('lodash');
 const RpdeRule = require('../../rpde-rule');
 const RpdeErrorType = require('../../errors/rpde-error-type');
 const UrlHelper = require('../../helpers/url-helper');
@@ -53,12 +53,9 @@ class AfterChangeNumberRule extends RpdeRule {
     const lastChangeNumber = UrlHelper.getParam('afterChangeNumber', node.url) || this.lastChangeNumber;
     const afterChangeNumber = UrlHelper.getParam('afterChangeNumber', node.data.next, node.url);
     if (afterChangeNumber !== null) {
-      const modified = jp.query(node.data, '$.items[0].modified');
+      const modified = _.get(node.data, 'items[0].modified');
       if (
-        modified.length === 0
-        || (
-          typeof modified[0] !== 'number'
-          && !modified[0].match(/^[1-9][0-9]*$/)
+        _.isNil(modified) || (typeof modified !== 'number' && !modified.match(/^[1-9][0-9]*$/)
         )
       ) {
         node.log.addPageError(
diff --git a/src/rules/page/after-timestamp-rule.js b/src/rules/page/after-timestamp-rule.js
index 1ab8cb8..7f61701 100644
--- a/src/rules/page/after-timestamp-rule.js
+++ b/src/rules/page/after-timestamp-rule.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ const {
   ValidationErrorCategory,
   ValidationErrorSeverity,
 } = require('@openactive/data-model-validator');
-const jp = require('jsonpath');
+const _ = require('lodash');
 const RpdeRule = require('../../rpde-rule');
 const RpdeErrorType = require('../../errors/rpde-error-type');
 const UrlHelper = require('../../helpers/url-helper');
@@ -93,15 +93,15 @@ class AfterTimestampRule extends RpdeRule {
     const afterTimestamp = UrlHelper.getParam('afterTimestamp', node.data.next, node.url);
     const afterId = UrlHelper.getParam('afterId', node.data.next, node.url);
     if (afterTimestamp !== null) {
-      const modified = jp.query(node.data, '$.items[0].modified');
+      const modified = _.get(node.data, 'items[0].modified');
       if (modified.length !== 0) {
         if (
-          typeof modified[0] === 'number'
-          || modified[0].match(/^[1-9][0-9]*$/)
+          typeof modified === 'number'
+          || modified.match(/^[1-9][0-9]*$/)
         ) {
           if (
-            typeof modified[0] === 'string'
-            && modified[0].match(/^[1-9][0-9]*$/)
+            typeof modified === 'string'
+            && modified.match(/^[1-9][0-9]*$/)
           ) {
             node.log.addPageError(
               node.url,
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class AfterTimestampRule extends RpdeRule {
 
       // Do we have a last item that matches afterId and afterTimestamp?
       if (node.data.items.length > 0) {
-        const lastItem = jp.query(node.data, `$.items[${node.data.items.length - 1}]`)[0];
+        const lastItem = _.get(node.data, `items[${node.data.items.length - 1}]`);
         const lastItemModified = lastItem.modified;
         const lastItemId = lastItem.id;
         const lastItemCompare = {
diff --git a/src/rules/page/deleted-items-rule.js b/src/rules/page/deleted-items-rule.js
index efae84f..2d8b7f8 100644
--- a/src/rules/page/deleted-items-rule.js
+++ b/src/rules/page/deleted-items-rule.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ const {
   ValidationErrorCategory,
   ValidationErrorSeverity,
 } = require('@openactive/data-model-validator');
-const jp = require('jsonpath');
+const _ = require('lodash');
 const RpdeRule = require('../../rpde-rule');
 const RpdeErrorType = require('../../errors/rpde-error-type');
 
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ const DeletedItemsRule = class extends RpdeRule {
       return;
     }
     if (!this.deletedItemsFound) {
-      const deleted = jp.query(node.data, '$..items[?(@.state=="deleted")]');
-      if (deleted.length > 0) {
+      const hasDeleted = _.isArray(node.data.items) && node.data.items.some((item) => item.state === 'deleted');
+      if (hasDeleted) {
         this.deletedItemsFound = true;
       }
     }
diff --git a/src/rules/page/duplicate-items-rule.js b/src/rules/page/duplicate-items-rule.js
index 1f39256..3be0dbd 100644
--- a/src/rules/page/duplicate-items-rule.js
+++ b/src/rules/page/duplicate-items-rule.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ const {
   ValidationErrorCategory,
   ValidationErrorSeverity,
 } = require('@openactive/data-model-validator');
-const jp = require('jsonpath');
+const _ = require('lodash');
 const RpdeRule = require('../../rpde-rule');
 const RpdeErrorType = require('../../errors/rpde-error-type');
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const DuplicateItemsRule = class extends RpdeRule {
     if (typeof node.data !== 'object' || node.isItemDuplicationPermissible) {
       return;
     }
-    const ids = jp.query(node.data, '$.items[*].id');
+    const ids = (_.isArray(node.data.items) && node.data.items.map((item) => item.id)) || [];
     for (const id of ids) {
       if (this.itemMap.indexOf(id) >= 0) {
         node.log.addPageError(