diff --git a/xmodule/annotatable_block.py b/xmodule/annotatable_block.py
index 774ad900979b..9ec6bf21dace 100644
--- a/xmodule/annotatable_block.py
+++ b/xmodule/annotatable_block.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import textwrap
 
 from lxml import etree
-from pkg_resources import resource_string
+from pkg_resources import resource_filename
 from web_fragments.fragment import Fragment
 from xblock.core import XBlock
 from xblock.fields import Scope, String
@@ -75,28 +75,28 @@ class AnnotatableBlock(
 
     preview_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/html/display.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/annotatable/display.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/javascript_loader.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/collapsible.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/html/display.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/annotatable/display.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/javascript_loader.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/collapsible.js'),
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     preview_view_css = {
         'scss': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/annotatable/display.scss'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/annotatable/display.scss'),
         ],
     }
 
     studio_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/raw/edit/xml.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/raw/edit/xml.js'),
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     studio_view_css = {
         'scss': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/codemirror/codemirror.scss'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/codemirror/codemirror.scss'),
         ],
     }
     studio_js_module_name = "XMLEditingDescriptor"
diff --git a/xmodule/capa_block.py b/xmodule/capa_block.py
index 3c02053c0eb0..2b2ec8082534 100644
--- a/xmodule/capa_block.py
+++ b/xmodule/capa_block.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 from django.utils.encoding import smart_str
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 from lxml import etree
-from pkg_resources import resource_string
+from pkg_resources import resource_filename
 from pytz import utc
 from web_fragments.fragment import Fragment
 from xblock.core import XBlock
@@ -168,32 +168,32 @@ class ProblemBlock(
 
     preview_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/javascript_loader.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/capa/display.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/collapsible.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/capa/imageinput.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/capa/schematic.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/javascript_loader.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/capa/display.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/collapsible.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/capa/imageinput.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/capa/schematic.js'),
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js')
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js')
     }
 
     preview_view_css = {
         'scss': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/capa/display.scss'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/capa/display.scss'),
         ],
     }
 
     studio_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/problem/edit.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/problem/edit.js'),
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
 
     studio_view_css = {
         'scss': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/editor/edit.scss'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/problem/edit.scss'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/editor/edit.scss'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/problem/edit.scss'),
         ]
     }
 
diff --git a/xmodule/conditional_block.py b/xmodule/conditional_block.py
index 91e7af2c156e..7fe545d1a307 100644
--- a/xmodule/conditional_block.py
+++ b/xmodule/conditional_block.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 from lazy import lazy
 from lxml import etree
 from opaque_keys.edx.locator import BlockUsageLocator
-from pkg_resources import resource_string
+from pkg_resources import resource_filename
 from web_fragments.fragment import Fragment
 from xblock.core import XBlock
 from xblock.fields import ReferenceList, Scope, String
@@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ class ConditionalBlock(
 
     preview_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/conditional/display.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/javascript_loader.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/collapsible.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/conditional/display.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/javascript_loader.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/collapsible.js'),
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     preview_view_css = {
         'scss': [],
@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@ class ConditionalBlock(
     mako_template = 'widgets/metadata-edit.html'
     studio_js_module_name = 'SequenceDescriptor'
     studio_view_js = {
-        'js': [resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/sequence/edit.js')],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'js': [resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/sequence/edit.js')],
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     studio_view_css = {
         'scss': [],
diff --git a/xmodule/html_block.py b/xmodule/html_block.py
index ed5d84e395c0..48786c2c5611 100644
--- a/xmodule/html_block.py
+++ b/xmodule/html_block.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import textwrap
 from datetime import datetime
 
-from pkg_resources import resource_string
+from pkg_resources import resource_filename
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from fs.errors import ResourceNotFound
@@ -144,15 +144,15 @@ def studio_view(self, _context):
 
     preview_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/html/display.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/javascript_loader.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/collapsible.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/html/imageModal.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/common_static/js/vendor/draggabilly.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/html/display.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/javascript_loader.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/collapsible.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/html/imageModal.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/common_static/js/vendor/draggabilly.js'),
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
-    preview_view_css = {'scss': [resource_string(__name__, 'css/html/display.scss')]}
+    preview_view_css = {'scss': [resource_filename(__name__, 'css/html/display.scss')]}
 
     uses_xmodule_styles_setup = True
 
@@ -164,14 +164,14 @@ def studio_view(self, _context):
 
     studio_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/html/edit.js')
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/html/edit.js')
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     studio_view_css = {
         'scss': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/editor/edit.scss'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/html/edit.scss')
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/editor/edit.scss'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/html/edit.scss')
         ]
     }
 
diff --git a/xmodule/library_content_block.py b/xmodule/library_content_block.py
index 04abe5de6eb3..7193247f58d5 100644
--- a/xmodule/library_content_block.py
+++ b/xmodule/library_content_block.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 from lxml import etree
 from lxml.etree import XMLSyntaxError
 from opaque_keys.edx.locator import LibraryLocator
-from pkg_resources import resource_string
+from pkg_resources import resource_filename
 from web_fragments.fragment import Fragment
 from webob import Response
 from xblock.completable import XBlockCompletionMode
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class LibraryContentBlock(
 
     preview_view_js = {
         'js': [],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     preview_view_css = {
         'scss': [],
@@ -107,9 +107,9 @@ class LibraryContentBlock(
     studio_js_module_name = "VerticalDescriptor"
     studio_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/vertical/edit.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/vertical/edit.js'),
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     studio_view_css = {
         'scss': [],
diff --git a/xmodule/lti_block.py b/xmodule/lti_block.py
index 8bf60f1c4486..76c03d73a671 100644
--- a/xmodule/lti_block.py
+++ b/xmodule/lti_block.py
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
 from django.conf import settings
 from lxml import etree
 from oauthlib.oauth1.rfc5849 import signature
-from pkg_resources import resource_string
+from pkg_resources import resource_filename
 from pytz import UTC
 from webob import Response
 from web_fragments.fragment import Fragment
@@ -374,13 +374,13 @@ class LTIBlock(
 
     preview_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/lti/lti.js')
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/lti/lti.js')
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     preview_view_css = {
         'scss': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/lti/lti.scss')
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/lti/lti.scss')
         ],
     }
 
@@ -389,9 +389,9 @@ class LTIBlock(
     studio_js_module_name = 'MetadataOnlyEditingDescriptor'
     studio_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/raw/edit/metadata-only.js')
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/raw/edit/metadata-only.js')
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     studio_view_css = {
         'scss': [],
diff --git a/xmodule/poll_block.py b/xmodule/poll_block.py
index b29ed710e922..0ce6d38e1e51 100644
--- a/xmodule/poll_block.py
+++ b/xmodule/poll_block.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from copy import deepcopy
 
-from pkg_resources import resource_string
+from pkg_resources import resource_filename
 from web_fragments.fragment import Fragment
 
 from lxml import etree
@@ -86,15 +86,15 @@ class PollBlock(
 
     preview_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/javascript_loader.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/poll/poll.js'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/poll/poll_main.js')
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/javascript_loader.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/poll/poll.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/poll/poll_main.js')
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     preview_view_css = {
         'scss': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/poll/display.scss')
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/poll/display.scss')
         ],
     }
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class PollBlock(
     # the static_content command happy.
     studio_view_js = {
         'js': [],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js')
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js')
     }
 
     studio_view_css = {
diff --git a/xmodule/seq_block.py b/xmodule/seq_block.py
index 0d8be411fd58..250a69d83b6a 100644
--- a/xmodule/seq_block.py
+++ b/xmodule/seq_block.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 from lxml import etree
 from opaque_keys.edx.keys import UsageKey
-from pkg_resources import resource_string
+from pkg_resources import resource_filename
 from pytz import UTC
 from web_fragments.fragment import Fragment
 from xblock.completable import XBlockCompletionMode
@@ -273,14 +273,14 @@ class SequenceBlock(
 
     preview_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/sequence/display.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/sequence/display.js'),
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js')
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js')
     }
 
     preview_view_css = {
         'scss': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/sequence/display.scss'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/sequence/display.scss'),
         ],
     }
 
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ class SequenceBlock(
     # the static_content command happy.
     studio_view_js = {
         'js': [],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js')
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js')
     }
 
     studio_view_css = {
diff --git a/xmodule/split_test_block.py b/xmodule/split_test_block.py
index c45848800fb3..f9f8eea812f1 100644
--- a/xmodule/split_test_block.py
+++ b/xmodule/split_test_block.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 from lxml import etree
-from pkg_resources import resource_string
+from pkg_resources import resource_filename
 from web_fragments.fragment import Fragment
 from webob import Response
 from xblock.core import XBlock
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class SplitTestBlock(  # lint-amnesty, pylint: disable=abstract-method
 
     preview_view_js = {
         'js': [],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     preview_view_css = {
         'scss': [],
@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ class SplitTestBlock(  # lint-amnesty, pylint: disable=abstract-method
     mako_template = "widgets/metadata-only-edit.html"
     studio_js_module_name = 'SequenceDescriptor'
     studio_view_js = {
-        'js': [resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/sequence/edit.js')],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'js': [resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/sequence/edit.js')],
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     studio_view_css = {
         'scss': [],
diff --git a/xmodule/static_content.py b/xmodule/static_content.py
index 2447347da90f..58ffcb2de12b 100755
--- a/xmodule/static_content.py
+++ b/xmodule/static_content.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 import sys
 import textwrap
 from collections import defaultdict
-from pkg_resources import resource_string
+from pkg_resources import resource_filename
 
 import django
 from docopt import docopt
@@ -43,27 +43,27 @@ class VideoBlock(HTMLSnippet):  # lint-amnesty, pylint: disable=abstract-method
 
     preview_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/video/10_main.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/video/10_main.js'),
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js')
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js')
     }
     preview_view_css = {
         'scss': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/video/display.scss'),
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/video/accessible_menu.scss'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/video/display.scss'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/video/accessible_menu.scss'),
         ],
     }
 
     studio_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/tabs/tabs-aggregator.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/tabs/tabs-aggregator.js'),
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
 
     studio_view_css = {
         'scss': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/tabs/tabs.scss'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/tabs/tabs.scss'),
         ]
     }
 
@@ -132,7 +132,9 @@ def _write_styles(selector, output_root, classes, css_attribute, suffix):
     for class_ in classes:
         class_css = getattr(class_, css_attribute)()
         for filetype in ('sass', 'scss', 'css'):
-            for idx, fragment in enumerate(class_css.get(filetype, [])):
+            for idx, fragment_path in enumerate(class_css.get(filetype, [])):
+                with open(fragment_path, 'rb') as fragment_file:
+                    fragment = fragment_file.read()
                 css_fragments[idx, filetype, fragment].add(class_.__name__)
     css_imports = defaultdict(set)
     for (idx, filetype, fragment), classes in sorted(css_fragments.items()):  # lint-amnesty, pylint: disable=redefined-argument-from-local
@@ -177,10 +179,14 @@ def _write_js(output_root, classes, js_attribute):
     fragment_owners = defaultdict(list)
     for class_ in classes:
         module_js = getattr(class_, js_attribute)()
+        with open(module_js.get('xmodule_js'), 'rb') as xmodule_js_file:
+            xmodule_js_fragment = xmodule_js_file.read()
         # It will enforce 000 prefix for xmodule.js.
-        fragment_owners[(0, 'js', module_js.get('xmodule_js'))].append(getattr(class_, js_attribute + '_bundle_name')())
+        fragment_owners[(0, 'js', xmodule_js_fragment)].append(getattr(class_, js_attribute + '_bundle_name')())
         for filetype in ('coffee', 'js'):
-            for idx, fragment in enumerate(module_js.get(filetype, [])):
+            for idx, fragment_path in enumerate(module_js.get(filetype, [])):
+                with open(fragment_path, 'rb') as fragment_file:
+                    fragment = fragment_file.read()
                 fragment_owners[(idx + 1, filetype, fragment)].append(getattr(class_, js_attribute + '_bundle_name')())
 
     for (idx, filetype, fragment), owners in sorted(fragment_owners.items()):
diff --git a/xmodule/template_block.py b/xmodule/template_block.py
index 70bafca7753e..71b2c21f1441 100644
--- a/xmodule/template_block.py
+++ b/xmodule/template_block.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from xblock.core import XBlock
 
 from lxml import etree
-from pkg_resources import resource_string
+from pkg_resources import resource_filename
 from web_fragments.fragment import Fragment
 from xmodule.editing_block import EditingMixin
 from xmodule.raw_block import RawMixin
@@ -67,17 +67,17 @@ class CustomTagBlock(CustomTagTemplateBlock):  # pylint: disable=abstract-method
 
     preview_view_js = {
         'js': [],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     preview_view_css = {
         'scss': [],
     }
     studio_view_js = {
-        'js': [resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/raw/edit/xml.js')],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'js': [resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/raw/edit/xml.js')],
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     studio_view_css = {
-        'scss': [resource_string(__name__, 'css/codemirror/codemirror.scss')],
+        'scss': [resource_filename(__name__, 'css/codemirror/codemirror.scss')],
     }
 
     def studio_view(self, _context):
diff --git a/xmodule/word_cloud_block.py b/xmodule/word_cloud_block.py
index 2e7fadd0a2be..d7d35dedc5f3 100644
--- a/xmodule/word_cloud_block.py
+++ b/xmodule/word_cloud_block.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 import json
 import logging
 
-from pkg_resources import resource_string
+from pkg_resources import resource_filename
 
 from web_fragments.fragment import Fragment
 from xblock.core import XBlock
@@ -114,21 +114,21 @@ class WordCloudBlock(  # pylint: disable=abstract-method
 
     preview_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'assets/word_cloud/src/js/word_cloud.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'assets/word_cloud/src/js/word_cloud.js'),
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     preview_view_css = {
         'scss': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'css/word_cloud/display.scss'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'css/word_cloud/display.scss'),
         ],
     }
 
     studio_view_js = {
         'js': [
-            resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/raw/edit/metadata-only.js'),
+            resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/raw/edit/metadata-only.js'),
         ],
-        'xmodule_js': resource_string(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
+        'xmodule_js': resource_filename(__name__, 'js/src/xmodule.js'),
     }
     studio_view_css = {
         'scss': [],