diff --git a/pandas/io/parsers/c_parser_wrapper.py b/pandas/io/parsers/c_parser_wrapper.py
index 818c9f5ff6b80..aa9f3556c8f62 100644
--- a/pandas/io/parsers/c_parser_wrapper.py
+++ b/pandas/io/parsers/c_parser_wrapper.py
@@ -258,8 +258,9 @@ def read(
                 )
 
                 columns = _filter_usecols(self.usecols, columns)
+                columns_set = set(columns)
 
-                col_dict = {k: v for k, v in col_dict.items() if k in columns}
+                col_dict = {k: v for k, v in col_dict.items() if k in columns_set}
 
                 return index, columns, col_dict