diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
index 8695e196c4f38..6f7fc58ad5084 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
@@ -401,6 +401,7 @@ Other API changes
 - Index set operations (like union or intersection) will now ignore the dtype of
   an empty ``RangeIndex`` or empty ``Index`` with object dtype when determining
   the dtype of the resulting Index (:issue:`60797`)
+- :meth:`DataFrame.query` does not accept ``**kwargs`` anymore and requires passing keywords for desired arguments (:issue:`61405`)
 
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 .. _whatsnew_300.deprecations:
diff --git a/pandas/core/frame.py b/pandas/core/frame.py
index 6158e19737185..678edf51ee79b 100644
--- a/pandas/core/frame.py
+++ b/pandas/core/frame.py
@@ -4477,18 +4477,58 @@ def _get_item(self, item: Hashable) -> Series:
 
     @overload
     def query(
-        self, expr: str, *, inplace: Literal[False] = ..., **kwargs
+        self,
+        expr: str,
+        *,
+        parser: Literal["pandas", "python"] = ...,
+        engine: Literal["python", "numexpr"] | None = ...,
+        local_dict: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
+        global_dict: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
+        resolvers: list[Mapping] | None = ...,
+        level: int = ...,
+        inplace: Literal[False] = ...,
     ) -> DataFrame: ...
 
     @overload
-    def query(self, expr: str, *, inplace: Literal[True], **kwargs) -> None: ...
+    def query(
+        self,
+        expr: str,
+        *,
+        parser: Literal["pandas", "python"] = ...,
+        engine: Literal["python", "numexpr"] | None = ...,
+        local_dict: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
+        global_dict: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
+        resolvers: list[Mapping] | None = ...,
+        level: int = ...,
+        inplace: Literal[True],
+    ) -> None: ...
 
     @overload
     def query(
-        self, expr: str, *, inplace: bool = ..., **kwargs
+        self,
+        expr: str,
+        *,
+        parser: Literal["pandas", "python"] = ...,
+        engine: Literal["python", "numexpr"] | None = ...,
+        local_dict: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
+        global_dict: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
+        resolvers: list[Mapping] | None = ...,
+        level: int = ...,
+        inplace: bool = ...,
     ) -> DataFrame | None: ...
 
-    def query(self, expr: str, *, inplace: bool = False, **kwargs) -> DataFrame | None:
+    def query(
+        self,
+        expr: str,
+        *,
+        parser: Literal["pandas", "python"] = "pandas",
+        engine: Literal["python", "numexpr"] | None = None,
+        local_dict: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        global_dict: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        resolvers: list[Mapping] | None = None,
+        level: int = 0,
+        inplace: bool = False,
+    ) -> DataFrame | None:
         """
         Query the columns of a DataFrame with a boolean expression.
 
@@ -4507,11 +4547,41 @@ def query(self, expr: str, *, inplace: bool = False, **kwargs) -> DataFrame | No
 
             See the documentation for :meth:`DataFrame.eval` for details on
             referring to column names and variables in the query string.
+        parser : {'pandas', 'python'}, default 'pandas'
+            The parser to use to construct the syntax tree from the expression. The
+            default of ``'pandas'`` parses code slightly different than standard
+            Python. Alternatively, you can parse an expression using the
+            ``'python'`` parser to retain strict Python semantics.  See the
+            :ref:`enhancing performance <enhancingperf.eval>` documentation for
+            more details.
+        engine : {'python', 'numexpr'}, default 'numexpr'
+
+            The engine used to evaluate the expression. Supported engines are
+
+            - None : tries to use ``numexpr``, falls back to ``python``
+            - ``'numexpr'`` : This default engine evaluates pandas objects using
+              numexpr for large speed ups in complex expressions with large frames.
+            - ``'python'`` : Performs operations as if you had ``eval``'d in top
+              level python. This engine is generally not that useful.
+
+            More backends may be available in the future.
+        local_dict : dict or None, optional
+            A dictionary of local variables, taken from locals() by default.
+        global_dict : dict or None, optional
+            A dictionary of global variables, taken from globals() by default.
+        resolvers : list of dict-like or None, optional
+            A list of objects implementing the ``__getitem__`` special method that
+            you can use to inject an additional collection of namespaces to use for
+            variable lookup. For example, this is used in the
+            :meth:`~DataFrame.query` method to inject the
+            ``DataFrame.index`` and ``DataFrame.columns``
+            variables that refer to their respective :class:`~pandas.DataFrame`
+            instance attributes.
+        level : int, optional
+            The number of prior stack frames to traverse and add to the current
+            scope. Most users will **not** need to change this parameter.
         inplace : bool
             Whether to modify the DataFrame rather than creating a new one.
-        **kwargs
-            See the documentation for :func:`eval` for complete details
-            on the keyword arguments accepted by :meth:`DataFrame.query`.
 
         Returns
         -------
@@ -4624,8 +4694,15 @@ def query(self, expr: str, *, inplace: bool = False, **kwargs) -> DataFrame | No
         if not isinstance(expr, str):
             msg = f"expr must be a string to be evaluated, {type(expr)} given"
             raise ValueError(msg)
-        kwargs["level"] = kwargs.pop("level", 0) + 1
-        kwargs["target"] = None
+        kwargs: Any = {
+            "level": level + 1,
+            "target": None,
+            "parser": parser,
+            "engine": engine,
+            "local_dict": local_dict,
+            "global_dict": global_dict,
+            "resolvers": resolvers or (),
+        }
 
         res = self.eval(expr, **kwargs)