diff --git a/applications/generate/philadelphia/java.py b/applications/generate/philadelphia/java.py
index ae20b43c..33791457 100644
--- a/applications/generate/philadelphia/java.py
+++ b/applications/generate/philadelphia/java.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 import typing
 
 
-_TYPE_FORMATTERS: typing.Dict[str, typing.Callable[[str], str]] = {
+_TYPE_FORMATTERS: dict[str, typing.Callable[[str], str]] = {
     'char': lambda value: '\'' + value + '\'',
     'int': str,
     'String': lambda value: '"' + value + '"',
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class ConstantField(typing.NamedTuple):
     value: str
 
 
-def _format_constant_fields(fields: typing.List[ConstantField]) -> str:
+def _format_constant_fields(fields: list[ConstantField]) -> str:
     type_width = max(len(field.type_) for field in fields)
     name_width = max(len(field.name) for field in fields)
     return '\n'.join(_format_constant_field(field, type_width, name_width)
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def _format_constant_field(field: ConstantField, type_width: int,
 class InnerClass:
 
     def __init__(self, name: str, javadoc: str,
-            fields: typing.List[ConstantField]) -> None:
+            fields: list[ConstantField]) -> None:
         self.name = name
         self.javadoc = javadoc
         self.fields = fields
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ def _format_fields(self) -> str:
 class Class:
 
     def __init__(self, name: str, javadoc: str,
-            classes: typing.Optional[typing.List[InnerClass]] = None,
-            fields: typing.Optional[typing.List[ConstantField]] = None) -> None:
+            classes: typing.Optional[list[InnerClass]] = None,
+            fields: typing.Optional[list[ConstantField]] = None) -> None:
         self.name = name
         self.javadoc = javadoc
         self.classes = classes if classes else []
diff --git a/applications/generate/philadelphia/model.py b/applications/generate/philadelphia/model.py
index 33100958..9d07e93b 100644
--- a/applications/generate/philadelphia/model.py
+++ b/applications/generate/philadelphia/model.py
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ class Value(typing.NamedTuple):
 
 class Enumeration(typing.NamedTuple):
     primary_field: Field
-    secondary_fields: typing.List[Field]
+    secondary_fields: list[Field]
     type_: str
-    values: typing.List[Value]
+    values: list[Value]
 
 
 class Message(typing.NamedTuple):
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def read_dialect(filename: str) -> Dialect:
     return Dialect(package_name, class_name_prefix, name)
 
 
-def format_enumerations(enumerations: typing.List[Enumeration], dialect: Dialect) -> java.CompilationUnit:
+def format_enumerations(enumerations: list[Enumeration], dialect: Dialect) -> java.CompilationUnit:
     name = '{}Enumerations'.format(dialect.class_name_prefix)
     javadoc = 'Enumerations for {}.'.format(dialect.name)
     classes = [_format_enumeration(enumeration) for enumeration in enumerations]
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def _format_secondary_fields_javadoc(enumeration: Enumeration) -> typing.Optiona
     return '{}{}{}'.format(header, items, footer)
 
 
-def format_msg_types(messages: typing.List[Message], dialect: Dialect) -> java.CompilationUnit:
+def format_msg_types(messages: list[Message], dialect: Dialect) -> java.CompilationUnit:
     name = '{}MsgTypes'.format(dialect.class_name_prefix)
     javadoc = 'Message types for {}.'.format(dialect.name)
     fields = [_format_msg_type(message) for message in messages]
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def _format_msg_type(message: Message) -> java.ConstantField:
     return java.ConstantField(type_=type_, name=message.name, value=message.msg_type)
 
 
-def format_tags(fields: typing.List[Field], dialect: Dialect) -> java.CompilationUnit:
+def format_tags(fields: list[Field], dialect: Dialect) -> java.CompilationUnit:
     name = '{}Tags'.format(dialect.class_name_prefix)
     javadoc = 'Tags for {}.'.format(dialect.name)
     constant_fields = [_format_tag(field) for field in fields]
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ def _format_tag(field: Field) -> java.ConstantField:
 
 
 def _format_constant_fields(name: str, javadoc: str,
-        fields: typing.List[java.ConstantField], dialect: Dialect) -> java.CompilationUnit:
+        fields: list[java.ConstantField], dialect: Dialect) -> java.CompilationUnit:
     package = java.Package(name=dialect.package_name)
     class_ = java.Class(name=name, javadoc=javadoc, fields=fields)
     return java.CompilationUnit(package, class_)
diff --git a/applications/generate/philadelphia/orchestra.py b/applications/generate/philadelphia/orchestra.py
index 969c696e..08d5e8c2 100644
--- a/applications/generate/philadelphia/orchestra.py
+++ b/applications/generate/philadelphia/orchestra.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 }
 
 
-def read_messages(filename: str) -> typing.List[model.Message]:
+def read_messages(filename: str) -> list[model.Message]:
     def message(elem: etree.Element) -> model.Message:
         name = etree.get(elem, 'name')
         msg_type = etree.get(elem, 'msgType')
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ def message(elem: etree.Element) -> model.Message:
     return [message(elem) for elem in tree.findall('.//fixr:message', _NS)]
 
 
-def read_fields(filename: str) -> typing.List[model.Field]:
+def read_fields(filename: str) -> list[model.Field]:
     tree = etree.parse(filename)
     fields = _read_fields(tree)
     return sorted([_make_field(field) for field in fields],
                   key=lambda field: int(field.tag))
 
 
-def read_enumerations(filename: str) -> typing.List[model.Enumeration]:
+def read_enumerations(filename: str) -> list[model.Enumeration]:
     tree = etree.parse(filename)
     fields = _read_fields(tree)
     fields_by_type = _group_fields_by_type(fields)
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ class _CodeSet(typing.NamedTuple):
     name: str
     id_: str
     type_: str
-    codes: typing.List[_Code]
+    codes: list[_Code]
 
 
-def _read_code_sets(tree: etree.ElementTree) -> typing.List[_CodeSet]:
+def _read_code_sets(tree: etree.ElementTree) -> list[_CodeSet]:
     def code(elem: etree.Element) -> _Code:
         name = etree.get(elem, 'name')
         value = etree.get(elem, 'value')
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class _Field(typing.NamedTuple):
     type_: str
 
 
-def _read_fields(tree: etree.ElementTree) -> typing.List[_Field]:
+def _read_fields(tree: etree.ElementTree) -> list[_Field]:
     def field(elem: etree.Element) -> _Field:
         id_ = etree.get(elem, 'id')
         name = etree.get(elem, 'name')
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def _make_field(field: _Field) -> model.Field:
     return model.Field(tag=field.id_, name=field.name)
 
 
-def _make_enumeration(code_set: _CodeSet, fields: typing.List[_Field]) -> model.Enumeration:
+def _make_enumeration(code_set: _CodeSet, fields: list[_Field]) -> model.Enumeration:
     primary_fields = [field for field in fields if code_set.id_ == field.id_]
     primary_field = primary_fields[0]
     secondary_fields = sorted([field for field in fields if code_set.id_ != field.id_],
@@ -132,14 +132,14 @@ def _make_type(field: _Field, code_set: typing.Optional[_CodeSet]) -> str:
 }
 
 
-def _make_values(code_set: _CodeSet) -> typing.List[model.Value]:
+def _make_values(code_set: _CodeSet) -> list[model.Value]:
     def value(id_: str, code: _Code) -> model.Value:
         name = _NAME_REPLACEMENTS.get((id_, code.value), code.name)
         return model.Value(name=name, value=code.value)
     return [value(code_set.id_, code) for code in code_set.codes]
 
 
-def _group_fields_by_type(fields: typing.List[_Field]) -> typing.Dict[str, typing.List[_Field]]:
+def _group_fields_by_type(fields: list[_Field]) -> dict[str, list[_Field]]:
     sorted_by_type = sorted(fields, key=lambda field: field.type_)
     return {type_: list(grouped_by_type) for type_, grouped_by_type in itertools.groupby(sorted_by_type, lambda field: field.type_)}
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ def _has_values(code_set: _CodeSet) -> bool:
     return not code_set.id_ in _NO_VALUES and not code_set.type_ == 'Boolean'
 
 
-def _sorted_codes(codes: typing.List[_Code]) -> typing.List[_Code]:
+def _sorted_codes(codes: list[_Code]) -> list[_Code]:
     if all(code.sort is not None for code in codes):
         return sorted(codes, key=lambda code: code.sort or 0)
     return codes
diff --git a/applications/generate/philadelphia/quickfix.py b/applications/generate/philadelphia/quickfix.py
index 5ecf7c27..39f4eb02 100644
--- a/applications/generate/philadelphia/quickfix.py
+++ b/applications/generate/philadelphia/quickfix.py
@@ -13,13 +13,11 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 #
-import typing
-
 from . import etree
 from . import model
 
 
-def read_messages(filename: str) -> typing.List[model.Message]:
+def read_messages(filename: str) -> list[model.Message]:
     def message(elem: etree.Element) -> model.Message:
         name = etree.get(elem, 'name')
         msgtype = etree.get(elem, 'msgtype')
@@ -28,13 +26,13 @@ def message(elem: etree.Element) -> model.Message:
     return [message(elem) for elem in tree.findall('./messages/message')]
 
 
-def read_fields(filename: str) -> typing.List[model.Field]:
+def read_fields(filename: str) -> list[model.Field]:
     tree = etree.parse(filename)
     return sorted([_read_field(elem) for elem in tree.findall('./fields/field')],
                   key=lambda field: int(field.tag))
 
 
-def read_enumerations(filename: str) -> typing.List[model.Enumeration]:
+def read_enumerations(filename: str) -> list[model.Enumeration]:
     def enumeration(elem: etree.Element) -> model.Enumeration:
         field = _read_field(elem)
         values = _read_values(elem)
@@ -61,7 +59,7 @@ def _read_field(elem: etree.Element) -> model.Field:
     return model.Field(tag=number, name=name)
 
 
-def _read_type(elem: etree.Element, values: typing.List[model.Value]) -> str:
+def _read_type(elem: etree.Element, values: list[model.Value]) -> str:
     type_ = _TYPES.get(etree.get(elem, 'type'), 'String')
     if type_ == 'char' and values and max(len(value.value) for value in values) > 1:
         return 'String'
@@ -72,7 +70,7 @@ def _has_values(elem: etree.Element) -> bool:
     return etree.get(elem, 'name') != 'MsgType' and elem.find('value') is not None
 
 
-def _read_values(root: etree.Element) -> typing.List[model.Value]:
+def _read_values(root: etree.Element) -> list[model.Value]:
     def value(elem: etree.Element) -> model.Value:
         enum = etree.get(elem, 'enum')
         description = etree.get(elem, 'description')
diff --git a/applications/generate/philadelphia/repository.py b/applications/generate/philadelphia/repository.py
index 31ac02f4..3eb94a01 100644
--- a/applications/generate/philadelphia/repository.py
+++ b/applications/generate/philadelphia/repository.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 from . import model
 
 
-def read_messages(dirname: str) -> typing.List[model.Message]:
+def read_messages(dirname: str) -> list[model.Message]:
     def message(elem: etree.Element) -> model.Message:
         name = _find(elem, 'Name')
         msg_type = _find(elem, 'MsgType')
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ def message(elem: etree.Element) -> model.Message:
     return [message(elem) for elem in tree.findall('Message')]
 
 
-def read_fields(dirname: str) -> typing.List[model.Field]:
+def read_fields(dirname: str) -> list[model.Field]:
     fields = _read_fields(dirname)
     return sorted([_make_field(field) for field in fields], key=lambda field: int(field.tag))
 
 
-def read_enumerations(dirname: str) -> typing.List[model.Enumeration]:
+def read_enumerations(dirname: str) -> list[model.Enumeration]:
     fields = _read_fields(dirname)
     fields_by_tag = {field.tag: field for field in fields}
     enums = _read_enums(dirname)
@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ def _make_field(field: _Field) -> model.Field:
     return model.Field(tag=field.tag, name=field.name)
 
 
-def _make_enumeration(field: _Field, enums: typing.List[_Enum]) -> model.Enumeration:
+def _make_enumeration(field: _Field, enums: list[_Enum]) -> model.Enumeration:
     values = _make_values(enums)
     type_ = _make_type(field.type_, values)
     return model.Enumeration(primary_field=_make_field(field), secondary_fields=[],
             type_=type_, values=values)
 
 
-def _make_values(enums: typing.List[_Enum]) -> typing.List[model.Value]:
+def _make_values(enums: list[_Enum]) -> list[model.Value]:
     def value(enum: _Enum) -> model.Value:
         return model.Value(name=enum.symbolic_name, value=enum.value)
     return [value(enum) for enum in _sorted_enums(enums)]
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def value(enum: _Enum) -> model.Value:
 }
 
 
-def _make_type(field_type: str, values: typing.List[model.Value]) -> str:
+def _make_type(field_type: str, values: list[model.Value]) -> str:
     type_ = _TYPES.get(field_type, field_type)
     if type_ == 'char' and values and max(len(value.value) for value in values) > 1:
         return 'String'
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def _has_values(field: _Field) -> bool:
     return not field.type_ == 'Boolean' and not field.name == 'MsgType'
 
 
-def _read_fields(dirname: str) -> typing.List[_Field]:
+def _read_fields(dirname: str) -> list[_Field]:
     def field(elem: etree.Element) -> _Field:
         tag = _find(elem, 'Tag')
         name = _find(elem, 'Name')
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ def field(elem: etree.Element) -> _Field:
     return [field(elem) for elem in tree.findall('Field')]
 
 
-def _read_enums(dirname: str) -> typing.List[_Enum]:
-    def enums(elem: etree.Element) -> typing.List[_Enum]:
+def _read_enums(dirname: str) -> list[_Enum]:
+    def enums(elem: etree.Element) -> list[_Enum]:
         tag = _find(elem, 'Tag')
         value = _read_value(elem, tag)
         symbolic_names = _read_symbolic_names(elem, tag, value)
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def enums(elem: etree.Element) -> typing.List[_Enum]:
                   key=lambda enum: int(enum.tag))
 
 
-def _sorted_enums(enums: typing.List[_Enum]) -> typing.List[_Enum]:
+def _sorted_enums(enums: list[_Enum]) -> list[_Enum]:
     if all(enum.sort is not None for enum in enums):
         return sorted(enums, key=lambda enum: enum.sort or 0)
     return enums
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ def _read_sort(root: etree.Element) -> typing.Optional[int]:
 }
 
 
-def _read_symbolic_names(elem: etree.Element, tag: str, value: str) -> typing.List[str]:
+def _read_symbolic_names(elem: etree.Element, tag: str, value: str) -> list[str]:
     symbolic_name = _find(elem, 'SymbolicName')
     primary = _SYMBOLIC_NAMES.get((tag, value), symbolic_name)
     aliases = _SYMBOLIC_NAME_ALIASES.get((tag, value), [])
diff --git a/applications/generate/philadelphia/source.py b/applications/generate/philadelphia/source.py
index 41c1bc8d..13b54433 100644
--- a/applications/generate/philadelphia/source.py
+++ b/applications/generate/philadelphia/source.py
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
 
 class Source(typing.Protocol):
 
-    def read_enumerations(self, filename: str) -> typing.List[model.Enumeration]:
+    def read_enumerations(self, filename: str) -> list[model.Enumeration]:
         ...
 
-    def read_fields(self, filename: str) -> typing.List[model.Field]:
+    def read_fields(self, filename: str) -> list[model.Field]:
         ...
 
-    def read_messages(self, filename: str) -> typing.List[model.Message]:
+    def read_messages(self, filename: str) -> list[model.Message]:
         ...