diff --git a/pkg/bindinfo/binding.go b/pkg/bindinfo/binding.go
index 0cf7f9cb16f19..0c4aa3537b2be 100644
--- a/pkg/bindinfo/binding.go
+++ b/pkg/bindinfo/binding.go
@@ -101,15 +101,6 @@ func (b *Binding) SinceUpdateTime() (time.Duration, error) {
 	return time.Since(updateTime), nil
 }
 
-// Bindings represents a sql bind record retrieved from the storage.
-type Bindings []Binding
-
-// Copy get the copy of bindings
-func (br Bindings) Copy() Bindings {
-	nbr := append(make(Bindings, 0, len(br)), br...)
-	return nbr
-}
-
 // prepareHints builds ID and Hint for Bindings. If sctx is not nil, we check if
 // the BindSQL is still valid.
 func prepareHints(sctx sessionctx.Context, binding *Binding) (rerr error) {
@@ -165,19 +156,19 @@ func prepareHints(sctx sessionctx.Context, binding *Binding) (rerr error) {
 }
 
 // `merge` merges two Bindings. It will replace old bindings with new bindings if there are new updates.
-func merge(lBindings, rBindings Bindings) Bindings {
+func merge(lBindings, rBindings []*Binding) []*Binding {
 	if lBindings == nil {
 		return rBindings
 	}
 	if rBindings == nil {
 		return lBindings
 	}
-	result := lBindings.Copy()
+	result := lBindings
 	for i := range rBindings {
 		rbind := rBindings[i]
 		found := false
 		for j, lbind := range lBindings {
-			if lbind.isSame(&rbind) {
+			if lbind.isSame(rbind) {
 				found = true
 				if rbind.UpdateTime.Compare(lbind.UpdateTime) >= 0 {
 					result[j] = rbind
@@ -192,8 +183,8 @@ func merge(lBindings, rBindings Bindings) Bindings {
 	return result
 }
 
-func removeDeletedBindings(br Bindings) Bindings {
-	result := make(Bindings, 0, len(br))
+func removeDeletedBindings(br []*Binding) []*Binding {
+	result := make([]*Binding, 0, len(br))
 	for _, binding := range br {
 		if binding.Status != deleted {
 			result = append(result, binding)
@@ -202,15 +193,6 @@ func removeDeletedBindings(br Bindings) Bindings {
 	return result
 }
 
-// size calculates the memory size of a Bindings.
-func (br Bindings) size() float64 {
-	mem := float64(0)
-	for _, binding := range br {
-		mem += binding.size()
-	}
-	return mem
-}
-
 // size calculates the memory size of a bind info.
 func (b *Binding) size() float64 {
 	res := len(b.OriginalSQL) + len(b.Db) + len(b.BindSQL) + len(b.Status) + 2*int(unsafe.Sizeof(b.CreateTime)) + len(b.Charset) + len(b.Collation) + len(b.ID)
diff --git a/pkg/bindinfo/binding_cache.go b/pkg/bindinfo/binding_cache.go
index cfe1d5073293d..9fef57df7f4dd 100644
--- a/pkg/bindinfo/binding_cache.go
+++ b/pkg/bindinfo/binding_cache.go
@@ -141,13 +141,13 @@ func (b *digestBiMapImpl) SQLDigest2NoDBDigest(sqlDigest string) string {
 // BindingCache is the interface for the cache of the SQL plan bindings.
 type BindingCache interface {
 	// MatchingBinding supports cross-db matching on bindings.
-	MatchingBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (bindings Binding, isMatched bool)
+	MatchingBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (binding *Binding, isMatched bool)
 	// GetBinding gets the binding for the specified sqlDigest.
-	GetBinding(sqlDigest string) Bindings
+	GetBinding(sqlDigest string) []*Binding
 	// GetAllBindings gets all the bindings in the cache.
-	GetAllBindings() Bindings
+	GetAllBindings() []*Binding
 	// SetBinding sets the binding for the specified sqlDigest.
-	SetBinding(sqlDigest string, meta Bindings) (err error)
+	SetBinding(sqlDigest string, bindings []*Binding) (err error)
 	// RemoveBinding removes the binding for the specified sqlDigest.
 	RemoveBinding(sqlDigest string)
 	// SetMemCapacity sets the memory capacity for the cache.
@@ -170,16 +170,20 @@ type bindingCache struct {
 	cache       *ristretto.Cache // the underlying cache to store the bindings.
 
 	// loadBindingFromStorageFunc is used to load binding from storage if cache miss.
-	loadBindingFromStorageFunc func(sctx sessionctx.Context, sqlDigest string) (Bindings, error)
+	loadBindingFromStorageFunc func(sctx sessionctx.Context, sqlDigest string) ([]*Binding, error)
 }
 
-func newBindCache(bindingLoad func(sctx sessionctx.Context, sqlDigest string) (Bindings, error)) BindingCache {
+func newBindCache(bindingLoad func(sctx sessionctx.Context, sqlDigest string) ([]*Binding, error)) BindingCache {
 	cache, _ := ristretto.NewCache(&ristretto.Config{
 		NumCounters: 1e6,
 		MaxCost:     variable.MemQuotaBindingCache.Load(),
 		BufferItems: 64,
 		Cost: func(value any) int64 {
-			return int64(value.(Bindings).size())
+			var cost int64
+			for _, binding := range value.([]*Binding) {
+				cost += int64(binding.size())
+			}
+			return cost
 		},
 		Metrics:            true,
 		IgnoreInternalCost: true,
@@ -196,7 +200,7 @@ func (c *bindingCache) shouldMetric() bool {
 	return c.loadBindingFromStorageFunc != nil // only metric for GlobalBindingCache, whose loadBindingFromStorageFunc is not nil.
 }
 
-func (c *bindingCache) MatchingBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (matchedBinding Binding, isMatched bool) {
+func (c *bindingCache) MatchingBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (matchedBinding *Binding, isMatched bool) {
 	matchedBinding, isMatched, missingSQLDigest := c.getFromMemory(sctx, noDBDigest, tableNames)
 	if len(missingSQLDigest) == 0 {
 		if c.shouldMetric() && isMatched {
@@ -215,7 +219,7 @@ func (c *bindingCache) MatchingBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest strin
 	return
 }
 
-func (c *bindingCache) getFromMemory(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (matchedBinding Binding, isMatched bool, missingSQLDigest []string) {
+func (c *bindingCache) getFromMemory(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (matchedBinding *Binding, isMatched bool, missingSQLDigest []string) {
 	if c.Size() == 0 {
 		return
 	}
@@ -290,20 +294,20 @@ func (c *bindingCache) loadFromStore(sctx sessionctx.Context, missingSQLDigest [
 // GetBinding gets the Bindings from the cache.
 // The return value is not read-only, but it shouldn't be changed in the caller functions.
 // The function is thread-safe.
-func (c *bindingCache) GetBinding(sqlDigest string) Bindings {
+func (c *bindingCache) GetBinding(sqlDigest string) []*Binding {
 	v, ok := c.cache.Get(sqlDigest)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return v.(Bindings)
+	return v.([]*Binding)
 }
 
 // GetAllBindings return all the bindings from the bindingCache.
 // The return value is not read-only, but it shouldn't be changed in the caller functions.
 // The function is thread-safe.
-func (c *bindingCache) GetAllBindings() Bindings {
+func (c *bindingCache) GetAllBindings() []*Binding {
 	sqlDigests := c.digestBiMap.All()
-	bindings := make(Bindings, 0, len(sqlDigests))
+	bindings := make([]*Binding, 0, len(sqlDigests))
 	for _, sqlDigest := range sqlDigests {
 		bindings = append(bindings, c.GetBinding(sqlDigest)...)
 	}
@@ -312,7 +316,7 @@ func (c *bindingCache) GetAllBindings() Bindings {
 
 // SetBinding sets the Bindings to the cache.
 // The function is thread-safe.
-func (c *bindingCache) SetBinding(sqlDigest string, bindings Bindings) (err error) {
+func (c *bindingCache) SetBinding(sqlDigest string, bindings []*Binding) (err error) {
 	// prepare noDBDigests for all bindings
 	noDBDigests := make([]string, 0, len(bindings))
 	p := parser.New()
diff --git a/pkg/bindinfo/binding_cache_test.go b/pkg/bindinfo/binding_cache_test.go
index 95a5c8dbe4544..f60734d01c7eb 100644
--- a/pkg/bindinfo/binding_cache_test.go
+++ b/pkg/bindinfo/binding_cache_test.go
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func bindingNoDBDigest(t *testing.T, b Binding) string {
+func bindingNoDBDigest(t *testing.T, b *Binding) string {
 	p := parser.New()
 	stmt, err := p.ParseOneStmt(b.BindSQL, b.Charset, b.Collation)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -34,16 +34,16 @@ func bindingNoDBDigest(t *testing.T, b Binding) string {
 
 func TestCrossDBBindingCache(t *testing.T) {
 	fbc := newBindCache(nil).(*bindingCache)
-	b1 := Binding{BindSQL: "SELECT * FROM db1.t1", SQLDigest: "b1"}
+	b1 := &Binding{BindSQL: "SELECT * FROM db1.t1", SQLDigest: "b1"}
 	fDigest1 := bindingNoDBDigest(t, b1)
-	b2 := Binding{BindSQL: "SELECT * FROM db2.t1", SQLDigest: "b2"}
-	b3 := Binding{BindSQL: "SELECT * FROM db2.t3", SQLDigest: "b3"}
+	b2 := &Binding{BindSQL: "SELECT * FROM db2.t1", SQLDigest: "b2"}
+	b3 := &Binding{BindSQL: "SELECT * FROM db2.t3", SQLDigest: "b3"}
 	fDigest3 := bindingNoDBDigest(t, b3)
 
 	// add 3 bindings and b1 and b2 have the same noDBDigest
-	require.NoError(t, fbc.SetBinding(b1.SQLDigest, []Binding{b1}))
-	require.NoError(t, fbc.SetBinding(b2.SQLDigest, []Binding{b2}))
-	require.NoError(t, fbc.SetBinding(b3.SQLDigest, []Binding{b3}))
+	require.NoError(t, fbc.SetBinding(b1.SQLDigest, []*Binding{b1}))
+	require.NoError(t, fbc.SetBinding(b2.SQLDigest, []*Binding{b2}))
+	require.NoError(t, fbc.SetBinding(b3.SQLDigest, []*Binding{b3}))
 	require.Equal(t, len(fbc.digestBiMap.(*digestBiMapImpl).noDBDigest2SQLDigest), 2) // b1 and b2 have the same noDBDigest
 	require.Equal(t, len(fbc.digestBiMap.NoDBDigest2SQLDigest(fDigest1)), 2)
 	require.Equal(t, len(fbc.digestBiMap.NoDBDigest2SQLDigest(fDigest3)), 1)
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ func TestCrossDBBindingCache(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBindCache(t *testing.T) {
-	bindings := Bindings{{BindSQL: "SELECT * FROM t1"}}
-	kvSize := int(bindings.size())
+	bindings := []*Binding{{BindSQL: "SELECT * FROM t1"}}
+	kvSize := int(bindings[0].size())
 	defer func(v int64) {
 		variable.MemQuotaBindingCache.Store(v)
 	}(variable.MemQuotaBindingCache.Load())
diff --git a/pkg/bindinfo/binding_match.go b/pkg/bindinfo/binding_match.go
index c407c3b79a96a..fac47d47d0ffe 100644
--- a/pkg/bindinfo/binding_match.go
+++ b/pkg/bindinfo/binding_match.go
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ func MatchSQLBindingForPlanCache(sctx sessionctx.Context, stmtNode ast.StmtNode,
 }
 
 // MatchSQLBinding returns the matched binding for this statement.
-func MatchSQLBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, stmtNode ast.StmtNode) (binding Binding, matched bool, scope string) {
+func MatchSQLBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, stmtNode ast.StmtNode) (binding *Binding, matched bool, scope string) {
 	return matchSQLBinding(sctx, stmtNode, nil)
 }
 
-func matchSQLBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, stmtNode ast.StmtNode, info *BindingMatchInfo) (binding Binding, matched bool, scope string) {
+func matchSQLBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, stmtNode ast.StmtNode, info *BindingMatchInfo) (binding *Binding, matched bool, scope string) {
 	useBinding := sctx.GetSessionVars().UsePlanBaselines
 	if !useBinding || stmtNode == nil {
 		return
diff --git a/pkg/bindinfo/global_handle.go b/pkg/bindinfo/global_handle.go
index 598f1084b6d8d..52d010af41b31 100644
--- a/pkg/bindinfo/global_handle.go
+++ b/pkg/bindinfo/global_handle.go
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ type GlobalBindingHandle interface {
 	// Methods for create, get, drop global sql bindings.
 
 	// MatchGlobalBinding returns the matched binding for this statement.
-	MatchGlobalBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (matchedBinding Binding, isMatched bool)
+	MatchGlobalBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (matchedBinding *Binding, isMatched bool)
 
 	// GetAllGlobalBindings returns all bind records in cache.
-	GetAllGlobalBindings() (bindings Bindings)
+	GetAllGlobalBindings() (bindings []*Binding)
 
 	// CreateGlobalBinding creates a Bindings to the storage and the cache.
 	// It replaces all the exists bindings for the same normalized SQL.
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ func (h *globalBindingHandle) LoadFromStorageToCache(fullLoad bool) (err error)
 			}
 
 			oldBinding := h.bindingCache.GetBinding(sqlDigest)
-			newBinding := removeDeletedBindings(merge(oldBinding, []Binding{binding}))
+			newBinding := removeDeletedBindings(merge(oldBinding, []*Binding{binding}))
 			if len(newBinding) > 0 {
 				err = h.bindingCache.SetBinding(sqlDigest, newBinding)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -401,12 +401,12 @@ func lockBindInfoTable(sctx sessionctx.Context) error {
 }
 
 // MatchGlobalBinding returns the matched binding for this statement.
-func (h *globalBindingHandle) MatchGlobalBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (matchedBinding Binding, isMatched bool) {
+func (h *globalBindingHandle) MatchGlobalBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (matchedBinding *Binding, isMatched bool) {
 	return h.bindingCache.MatchingBinding(sctx, noDBDigest, tableNames)
 }
 
 // GetAllGlobalBindings returns all bind records in cache.
-func (h *globalBindingHandle) GetAllGlobalBindings() (bindings Bindings) {
+func (h *globalBindingHandle) GetAllGlobalBindings() (bindings []*Binding) {
 	return h.bindingCache.GetAllBindings()
 }
 
@@ -427,13 +427,13 @@ func (h *globalBindingHandle) GetMemCapacity() (memCapacity int64) {
 }
 
 // newBinding builds Bindings from a tuple in storage.
-func newBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, row chunk.Row) (string, Binding, error) {
+func newBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, row chunk.Row) (string, *Binding, error) {
 	status := row.GetString(3)
 	// For compatibility, the 'Using' status binding will be converted to the 'Enabled' status binding.
 	if status == Using {
 		status = Enabled
 	}
-	binding := Binding{
+	binding := &Binding{
 		OriginalSQL: row.GetString(0),
 		Db:          strings.ToLower(row.GetString(2)),
 		BindSQL:     row.GetString(1),
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ func newBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, row chunk.Row) (string, Binding, error)
 		PlanDigest:  row.GetString(10),
 	}
 	sqlDigest := parser.DigestNormalized(binding.OriginalSQL)
-	err := prepareHints(sctx, &binding)
+	err := prepareHints(sctx, binding)
 	sctx.GetSessionVars().CurrentDB = binding.Db
 	return sqlDigest.String(), binding, err
 }
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ func (h *globalBindingHandle) CloseCache() {
 }
 
 // LoadBindingsFromStorageToCache loads global bindings from storage to the memory cache.
-func (h *globalBindingHandle) LoadBindingsFromStorage(sctx sessionctx.Context, sqlDigest string) (Bindings, error) {
+func (h *globalBindingHandle) LoadBindingsFromStorage(sctx sessionctx.Context, sqlDigest string) ([]*Binding, error) {
 	if sqlDigest == "" {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ func (h *globalBindingHandle) LoadBindingsFromStorage(sctx sessionctx.Context, s
 		if bindings == nil {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		return bindings.(Bindings), nil
+		return bindings.([]*Binding), nil
 	case <-time.After(timeout):
 		return nil, errors.New("load bindings from storage timeout")
 	}
@@ -642,14 +642,14 @@ func (h *globalBindingHandle) loadBindingsFromStorageInternal(sqlDigest string)
 	failpoint.Inject("load_bindings_from_storage_internal_timeout", func() {
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
 	})
-	var bindings Bindings
+	var bindings []*Binding
 	selectStmt := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT original_sql, bind_sql, default_db, status, create_time, update_time, charset, collation, source, sql_digest, plan_digest FROM mysql.bind_info where sql_digest = '%s'", sqlDigest)
 	err := h.callWithSCtx(false, func(sctx sessionctx.Context) error {
 		rows, _, err := execRows(sctx, selectStmt)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		bindings = make([]Binding, 0, len(rows))
+		bindings = make([]*Binding, 0, len(rows))
 		for _, row := range rows {
 			// Skip the builtin record which is designed for binding synchronization.
 			if row.GetString(0) == BuiltinPseudoSQL4BindLock {
diff --git a/pkg/bindinfo/session_handle.go b/pkg/bindinfo/session_handle.go
index 54f0ef88b3b3c..e42933fa2325f 100644
--- a/pkg/bindinfo/session_handle.go
+++ b/pkg/bindinfo/session_handle.go
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ type SessionBindingHandle interface {
 	DropSessionBinding(sqlDigests []string) error
 
 	// MatchSessionBinding returns the matched binding for this statement.
-	MatchSessionBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (matchedBinding Binding, isMatched bool)
+	MatchSessionBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (matchedBinding *Binding, isMatched bool)
 
 	// GetAllSessionBindings return all bindings.
-	GetAllSessionBindings() (bindings Bindings)
+	GetAllSessionBindings() (bindings []*Binding)
 
 	// Close closes the SessionBindingHandle.
 	Close()
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ type SessionBindingHandle interface {
 // sessionBindingHandle is used to handle all session sql bind operations.
 type sessionBindingHandle struct {
 	mu       sync.RWMutex
-	bindings map[string]Bindings // sqlDigest --> Bindings
+	bindings map[string][]*Binding // sqlDigest --> Bindings
 }
 
 // NewSessionBindingHandle creates a new SessionBindingHandle.
 func NewSessionBindingHandle() SessionBindingHandle {
-	return &sessionBindingHandle{bindings: make(map[string]Bindings)}
+	return &sessionBindingHandle{bindings: make(map[string][]*Binding)}
 }
 
 // CreateSessionBinding creates a Bindings to the cache.
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func (h *sessionBindingHandle) CreateSessionBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, bin
 		binding.UpdateTime = now
 
 		// update the BindMeta to the cache.
-		h.bindings[parser.DigestNormalized(binding.OriginalSQL).String()] = []Binding{*binding}
+		h.bindings[parser.DigestNormalized(binding.OriginalSQL).String()] = []*Binding{binding}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func (h *sessionBindingHandle) DropSessionBinding(sqlDigests []string) error {
 }
 
 // MatchSessionBinding returns the matched binding for this statement.
-func (h *sessionBindingHandle) MatchSessionBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (matchedBinding Binding, isMatched bool) {
+func (h *sessionBindingHandle) MatchSessionBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDBDigest string, tableNames []*ast.TableName) (matchedBinding *Binding, isMatched bool) {
 	h.mu.RLock()
 	defer h.mu.RUnlock()
 	p := parser.New()
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func (h *sessionBindingHandle) MatchSessionBinding(sctx sessionctx.Context, noDB
 }
 
 // GetAllSessionBindings return all session bind info.
-func (h *sessionBindingHandle) GetAllSessionBindings() (bindings Bindings) {
+func (h *sessionBindingHandle) GetAllSessionBindings() (bindings []*Binding) {
 	h.mu.RLock()
 	defer h.mu.RUnlock()
 	for _, bind := range h.bindings {
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func (h *sessionBindingHandle) EncodeSessionStates(_ context.Context, _ sessionc
 	if len(bindings) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	bytes, err := json.Marshal([]Binding(bindings))
+	bytes, err := json.Marshal(bindings)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ func (h *sessionBindingHandle) DecodeSessionStates(_ context.Context, sctx sessi
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	var records []Binding
+	var records []*Binding
 	// Key "Bindings" only exists in old versions.
 	if _, ok := m[0]["Bindings"]; ok {
 		err = h.decodeOldStyleSessionStates(bindingBytes, &records)
@@ -185,27 +185,27 @@ func (h *sessionBindingHandle) DecodeSessionStates(_ context.Context, sctx sessi
 
 	for _, record := range records {
 		// Restore hints and ID because hints are hard to encode.
-		if err = prepareHints(sctx, &record); err != nil {
+		if err = prepareHints(sctx, record); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		h.bindings[parser.DigestNormalized(record.OriginalSQL).String()] = []Binding{record}
+		h.bindings[parser.DigestNormalized(record.OriginalSQL).String()] = []*Binding{record}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 // Before v8.0.0, the data structure is different. We need to adapt to the old structure so that the sessions
 // can be migrated from an old version to a new version.
-func (*sessionBindingHandle) decodeOldStyleSessionStates(bindingBytes []byte, bindings *[]Binding) error {
+func (*sessionBindingHandle) decodeOldStyleSessionStates(bindingBytes []byte, bindings *[]*Binding) error {
 	type bindRecord struct {
 		OriginalSQL string
 		Db          string
-		Bindings    []Binding
+		Bindings    []*Binding
 	}
 	var records []bindRecord
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(bindingBytes, &records); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	*bindings = make([]Binding, 0, len(records))
+	*bindings = make([]*Binding, 0, len(records))
 	for _, record := range records {
 		for _, binding := range record.Bindings {
 			binding.OriginalSQL = record.OriginalSQL
diff --git a/pkg/domain/plan_replayer.go b/pkg/domain/plan_replayer.go
index 9e0dd80efa40c..fd4784aefdfc0 100644
--- a/pkg/domain/plan_replayer.go
+++ b/pkg/domain/plan_replayer.go
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ type PlanReplayerDumpTask struct {
 
 	// variables used to dump the plan
 	StartTS           uint64
-	SessionBindings   []bindinfo.Bindings
+	SessionBindings   [][]*bindinfo.Binding
 	EncodedPlan       string
 	SessionVars       *variable.SessionVars
 	ExecStmts         []ast.StmtNode
diff --git a/pkg/domain/plan_replayer_dump.go b/pkg/domain/plan_replayer_dump.go
index 02bf97302c846..9a2f5076d16d1 100644
--- a/pkg/domain/plan_replayer_dump.go
+++ b/pkg/domain/plan_replayer_dump.go
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ func dumpVariables(sctx sessionctx.Context, sessionVars *variable.SessionVars, z
 	return nil
 }
 
-func dumpSessionBindRecords(records []bindinfo.Bindings, zw *zip.Writer) error {
+func dumpSessionBindRecords(records [][]*bindinfo.Binding, zw *zip.Writer) error {
 	sRows := make([][]string, 0)
 	for _, bindData := range records {
 		for _, hint := range bindData {
diff --git a/pkg/executor/adapter.go b/pkg/executor/adapter.go
index 1f5af2082c8c5..a1c9261acf3c2 100644
--- a/pkg/executor/adapter.go
+++ b/pkg/executor/adapter.go
@@ -2285,7 +2285,7 @@ func sendPlanReplayerDumpTask(key replayer.PlanReplayerTaskKey, sctx sessionctx.
 		PlanReplayerTaskKey: key,
 		StartTS:             startTS,
 		TblStats:            stmtCtx.TableStats,
-		SessionBindings:     []bindinfo.Bindings{bindings},
+		SessionBindings:     [][]*bindinfo.Binding{bindings},
 		SessionVars:         sctx.GetSessionVars(),
 		ExecStmts:           []ast.StmtNode{stmtNode},
 		DebugTrace:          []any{stmtCtx.OptimizerDebugTrace},
diff --git a/pkg/executor/show.go b/pkg/executor/show.go
index bad01f3305241..d8578b8af70a1 100644
--- a/pkg/executor/show.go
+++ b/pkg/executor/show.go
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ func (*visibleChecker) Leave(in ast.Node) (out ast.Node, ok bool) {
 }
 
 func (e *ShowExec) fetchShowBind() error {
-	var bindings []bindinfo.Binding
+	var bindings []*bindinfo.Binding
 	if !e.GlobalScope {
 		handle := e.Ctx().Value(bindinfo.SessionBindInfoKeyType).(bindinfo.SessionBindingHandle)
 		bindings = handle.GetAllSessionBindings()
diff --git a/pkg/planner/optimize.go b/pkg/planner/optimize.go
index 29eccec66fa9c..b4013d26212ab 100644
--- a/pkg/planner/optimize.go
+++ b/pkg/planner/optimize.go
@@ -241,32 +241,13 @@ func Optimize(ctx context.Context, sctx sessionctx.Context, node *resolve.NodeW,
 
 	enableUseBinding := sessVars.UsePlanBaselines
 	stmtNode, isStmtNode := node.Node.(ast.StmtNode)
-	binding, match, scope := bindinfo.MatchSQLBinding(sctx, stmtNode)
-	var bindings bindinfo.Bindings
+	binding, match, _ := bindinfo.MatchSQLBinding(sctx, stmtNode)
+	var bindings []*bindinfo.Binding
 	if match {
-		bindings = []bindinfo.Binding{binding}
+		bindings = []*bindinfo.Binding{binding}
 	}
 
 	useBinding := enableUseBinding && isStmtNode && match
-	if sessVars.StmtCtx.EnableOptimizerDebugTrace {
-		failpoint.Inject("SetBindingTimeToZero", func(val failpoint.Value) {
-			if val.(bool) && bindings != nil {
-				bindings = bindings.Copy()
-				for i := range bindings {
-					bindings[i].CreateTime = types.ZeroTime
-					bindings[i].UpdateTime = types.ZeroTime
-				}
-			}
-		})
-		debugtrace.RecordAnyValuesWithNames(pctx,
-			"Used binding", useBinding,
-			"Enable binding", enableUseBinding,
-			"IsStmtNode", isStmtNode,
-			"Matched", match,
-			"Scope", scope,
-			"Matched bindings", bindings,
-		)
-	}
 	if isStmtNode {
 		// add the extra Limit after matching the bind record
 		stmtNode = core.TryAddExtraLimit(sctx, stmtNode)
@@ -289,7 +270,7 @@ func Optimize(ctx context.Context, sctx sessionctx.Context, node *resolve.NodeW,
 	var (
 		names                      types.NameSlice
 		bestPlan, bestPlanFromBind base.Plan
-		chosenBinding              bindinfo.Binding
+		chosenBinding              *bindinfo.Binding
 		err                        error
 	)
 	if useBinding {
diff --git a/pkg/server/BUILD.bazel b/pkg/server/BUILD.bazel
index e9fa725fe3703..5d543393cdb6c 100644
--- a/pkg/server/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/pkg/server/BUILD.bazel
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ go_test(
         "//pkg/session",
         "//pkg/sessionctx/variable",
         "//pkg/sessiontxn",
-        "//pkg/statistics/handle/ddl/testutil",
         "//pkg/store/mockstore",
         "//pkg/store/mockstore/unistore",
         "//pkg/testkit",
diff --git a/pkg/server/server_test.go b/pkg/server/server_test.go
index b85f342d4a946..98037e056688e 100644
--- a/pkg/server/server_test.go
+++ b/pkg/server/server_test.go
@@ -18,18 +18,15 @@ import (
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/pingcap/failpoint"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/parser/auth"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/parser/mysql"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server/internal"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server/internal/testutil"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server/internal/util"
-	statstestutil "github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/statistics/handle/ddl/testutil"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/testkit"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/testkit/testdata"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/util/arena"
@@ -38,77 +35,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-// cmd: go test -run=^TestOptimizerDebugTrace$ --tags=intest github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server
-// If you want to update the test result, please run the following command:
-// cmd: go test -run=^TestOptimizerDebugTrace$ --tags=intest github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server --record
-func TestOptimizerDebugTrace(t *testing.T) {
-	require.NoError(t, failpoint.Enable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/SetBindingTimeToZero", `return(true)`))
-	require.NoError(t, failpoint.Enable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/core/DebugTraceStableStatsTbl", `return(true)`))
-	defer func() {
-		require.NoError(t, failpoint.Disable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/SetBindingTimeToZero"))
-		require.NoError(t, failpoint.Disable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/core/DebugTraceStableStatsTbl"))
-	}()
-	store, dom := testkit.CreateMockStoreAndDomain(t)
-	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
-	tidbdrv := NewTiDBDriver(store)
-	cfg := util.NewTestConfig()
-	cfg.Port, cfg.Status.StatusPort = 0, 0
-	cfg.Status.ReportStatus = false
-	server, err := NewServer(cfg, tidbdrv)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer server.Close()
-	cc := &clientConn{
-		server:     server,
-		alloc:      arena.NewAllocator(1024),
-		chunkAlloc: chunk.NewAllocator(),
-		pkt:        internal.NewPacketIOForTest(bufio.NewWriter(bytes.NewBuffer(nil))),
-	}
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	cc.SetCtx(&TiDBContext{Session: tk.Session(), stmts: make(map[int]*TiDBStatement)})
-
-	tk.MustExec("use test")
-	tk.MustExec("create table t (col1 int, index i(col1))")
-	h := dom.StatsHandle()
-	err = statstestutil.HandleNextDDLEventWithTxn(h)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	tk.MustExec("plan replayer capture '0595c79f25d183319d0830ff8ca538c9054cbf407e5e27488b5dc40e4738a7c8' '*'")
-	tk.MustExec("plan replayer capture 'c0fcc0abbaaffcaafe21115a3c67ae5d96a188cc197559953d2865ea6852d3cc' '*'")
-	tk.MustExec("plan replayer capture '58fcbdd56a722c02225488c89a782cd2d626f8219c8ef8f57cd3bcdb6eb7c1b2' '*'")
-	require.NoError(t, cc.HandleStmtPrepare(ctx, "select sum(col1) from t where col1 < ? and col1 > 100"))
-	tk.MustExec("prepare stmt from 'select * from t where col1 in (?, 2, 3)'")
-	tk.MustExec("set @a = 1")
-	var (
-		in  []string
-		out []any
-	)
-	optSuiteData := testDataMap["optimizer_suite"]
-	optSuiteData.LoadTestCases(t, &in, &out)
-	for i, cmdString := range in {
-		require.NoError(t, cc.dispatch(ctx, []byte(cmdString)))
-		traceInfo := cc.ctx.Session.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.OptimizerDebugTrace
-		var buf bytes.Buffer
-		encoder := json.NewEncoder(&buf)
-		encoder.SetEscapeHTML(false)
-		require.NoError(t, encoder.Encode(traceInfo))
-		var res any
-		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &res))
-		testdata.OnRecord(func() {
-			out[i] = res
-		})
-		require.Equal(t, out[i], res, cmdString)
-	}
-
-	prHandle := dom.GetPlanReplayerHandle()
-	worker := prHandle.GetWorker()
-	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
-		task := prHandle.DrainTask()
-		success := worker.HandleTask(task)
-		require.True(t, success)
-		require.NoError(t, os.Remove(filepath.Join(replayer.GetPlanReplayerDirName(), task.FileName)))
-	}
-}
-
 func TestIssue46197(t *testing.T) {
 	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
 	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)