diff --git a/pkg/ddl/column.go b/pkg/ddl/column.go
index e8ccb08e0b1c4..4f8dae39d061f 100644
--- a/pkg/ddl/column.go
+++ b/pkg/ddl/column.go
@@ -2039,3 +2039,12 @@ func getChangingColumnOriginName(changingColumn *model.ColumnInfo) string {
 	}
 	return columnName[:pos]
 }
+
+func getExpressionIndexOriginName(expressionIdx *model.ColumnInfo) string {
+	columnName := strings.TrimPrefix(expressionIdx.Name.O, expressionIndexPrefix+"_")
+	var pos int
+	if pos = strings.LastIndex(columnName, "_"); pos == -1 {
+		return columnName
+	}
+	return columnName[:pos]
+}
diff --git a/pkg/ddl/index.go b/pkg/ddl/index.go
index b14790e3cdd57..60de335247114 100644
--- a/pkg/ddl/index.go
+++ b/pkg/ddl/index.go
@@ -398,6 +398,8 @@ func onRenameIndex(d *ddlCtx, t *meta.Meta, job *model.Job) (ver int64, _ error)
 	}
 
 	renameIndexes(tblInfo, from, to)
+	renameHiddenColumns(tblInfo, from, to)
+
 	if ver, err = updateVersionAndTableInfo(d, t, job, tblInfo, true); err != nil {
 		job.State = model.JobStateCancelled
 		return ver, errors.Trace(err)
@@ -2534,3 +2536,12 @@ func renameIndexes(tblInfo *model.TableInfo, from, to model.CIStr) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func renameHiddenColumns(tblInfo *model.TableInfo, from, to model.CIStr) {
+	for _, col := range tblInfo.Columns {
+		if col.Hidden && getExpressionIndexOriginName(col) == from.O {
+			col.Name.L = strings.Replace(col.Name.L, from.L, to.L, 1)
+			col.Name.O = strings.Replace(col.Name.O, from.O, to.O, 1)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/integrationtest/r/ddl/db_rename.result b/tests/integrationtest/r/ddl/db_rename.result
index 2b71ae58e7ca0..1191ed4b23e0e 100644
--- a/tests/integrationtest/r/ddl/db_rename.result
+++ b/tests/integrationtest/r/ddl/db_rename.result
@@ -13,3 +13,17 @@ Error 1061 (42000): Duplicate key name 'k2'
 alter table t rename index k2 to K2;
 alter table t rename key k3 to K2;
 Error 1061 (42000): Duplicate key name 'K2'
+drop table t;
+create table t(j json);
+alter table t add index idx1((cast(j as char(10) array)));
+alter table t rename index idx1 to idx2;
+alter table t add index idx1((cast(j as char(10) array)));
+insert into t values ('["1"]');
+alter table t add index IDX3((cast(j as char(10) array)));
+alter table t rename index IDX3 to IDX4;
+alter table t add index IDX3((cast(j as char(10) array)));
+insert into t values ('["2"]');
+select * from t;
+j
+["1"]
+["2"]
diff --git a/tests/integrationtest/t/ddl/db_rename.test b/tests/integrationtest/t/ddl/db_rename.test
index 85e8d37c2be71..05f3814f24e61 100644
--- a/tests/integrationtest/t/ddl/db_rename.test
+++ b/tests/integrationtest/t/ddl/db_rename.test
@@ -13,3 +13,15 @@ alter table t rename index k2 to K2;
 -- error 1061
 alter table t rename key k3 to K2;
 
+# TestIssue51431
+drop table t;
+create table t(j json);
+alter table t add index idx1((cast(j as char(10) array)));
+alter table t rename index idx1 to idx2;
+alter table t add index idx1((cast(j as char(10) array)));
+insert into t values ('["1"]');
+alter table t add index IDX3((cast(j as char(10) array)));
+alter table t rename index IDX3 to IDX4;
+alter table t add index IDX3((cast(j as char(10) array)));
+insert into t values ('["2"]');
+select * from t;