util: use runtime.Version() to get Go version (#53619)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #53619

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #53618

Problem Summary:

Related:

• util/printer: get GoVersion from runtime variable instead of shell #13763
• cmd/link: lock down future uses of linkname golang/go#67401

Alternative solution (not chosen):

diff --git a/Makefile.common b/Makefile.common
index b540debd42..bab0acd3c9 100644
--- a/Makefile.common
+++ b/Makefile.common
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ LDFLAGS += -X "github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/util/versioninfo.TiDBBuildTS=$(shell
 LDFLAGS += -X "github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/util/versioninfo.TiDBGitHash=$(shell git rev-parse HEAD)"
 LDFLAGS += -X "github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/util/versioninfo.TiDBGitBranch=$(shell git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)"
 LDFLAGS += -X "github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/util/versioninfo.TiDBEdition=$(TIDB_EDITION)"
+LDFLAGS += "-checklinkname=0"
 
 EXTENSION_FLAG =
 ifeq ($(shell if [ -f pkg/extension/enterprise/.git ]; then echo "true"; fi),true)

What changed and how does it work?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: Defined2014, hawkingrei

The full list of commands accepted by this bot can be found here.

The pull request process is described here

Needs approval from an approver in each of these files:

• OWNERS [Defined2014,hawkingrei]

Approvers can indicate their approval by writing /approve in a comment
Approvers can cancel approval by writing /approve cancel in a comment

[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-08-20 09:18:49.968221543 +0000 UTC m=+257125.102671675: ☑️ agreed by hawkingrei.
• 2024-08-20 09:30:33.65821428 +0000 UTC m=+257828.792664402: ☑️ agreed by Defined2014.

[hawkingrei]

/retest

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Please upload report for BASE (release-7.1@509f9dd). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             release-7.1     #55534   +/-   ##
================================================
  Coverage               ?   73.4602%           
================================================
  Files                  ?       1211           
  Lines                  ?     380354           
  Branches               ?          0           
================================================
  Hits                   ?     279409           
  Misses                 ?      83112           
  Partials               ?      17833